What is the best material for building a house. What material is best for building a house

Despite the fact that everything seems to be in order with oil and gas production in Russia, the price of energy resources in our country is steadily growing. And now, following the countries of Europe, the Russian Federation adopted in 2003 new norms for the thermal resistance of enclosing and load-bearing structures(SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings"). But even before the adoption of new SNiPs, new effective building materials and technologies came to us (and continue to come).

What should be the walls (enclosing structures) of the house in order to comply with the norms of building heat engineering? The answer to this question is not entirely clear. If we carry out calculations, it turns out that, for example, a brick wall should be 2.3 m thick, and a concrete one - 6 m. Therefore, the wall design should be combined, that is, multilayered. Moreover, one "layer" in this case will perform a bearing function, and the other - to ensure heat conservation. A certain difficulty lies in the fact that the parts of this "layer cake" are too different in their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, in order to combine them, one has to come up with ingenious construction technologies.

A bit of physics

What parameters seem to be the most important when choosing a material for the construction of an energy-efficient warm home? This is, first of all, load bearing capacity material, as well as its heat capacity and thermal conductivity. Let's dwell on the latter.

The heat capacity unit - kJ / (kg ° C) - indicates how much thermal energy is contained in 1 kg of material with a temperature of 1 degree Celsius. For example, consider two well-known building materials - wood and concrete. The heat capacity of the first is 2.3, and the second is 0.84 kJ / (kg ° C) (according to SNiPam II-3-79). It turns out that wood is a much more heat-intensive material, and more thermal energy is required to heat it, and when it cools, it will give off environment more joules. Concrete heats up faster and cools down faster. However, these figures can only be obtained in theory if we compare 1 kg of absolutely dry wood and 1 kg of concrete. For building practice, these conventional values ​​​​are practically useless, because if you make a conversion per square meter of real wood or concrete wall, for example, at 20 cm, then the picture changes. Here is a small table in which, for comparison, 1 m² of a wall 20 cm thick is taken from different materials(at a temperature of 20 °C).

From the above figures, it can be seen that for heating 1 m² of a concrete wall by 1 degree, it will be necessary to generate almost 20 times more thermal energy than for heating a wooden one. That is, wood or frame house can be heated to the desired temperature much faster than concrete or brick, because the weight (mass) of brick and concrete is greater. Let us also recall that in addition to specific heat capacity, there is also thermal conductivity of building materials. This property characterizes the intensity of heat transfer in the material. With an increase in temperature, humidity and density of the substance, the thermal conductivity coefficient increases. The thermal resistance of a homogeneous building envelope, defined as the ratio of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the wall material to the wall thickness in meters, should not be less than the required heat transfer resistance (depends on the temperature of the coldest five-day period in the region and other climatic parameters).

For the Moscow region, the resistance to heat transfer is in the range of 3.1–3.2 m·°С/W. And in Novosibirsk, where winter frosts reach an average of 42 ° C, this figure is much higher. It should also be borne in mind that not only walls take part in the heating processes, but in general everything that is inside the house - ceiling structures, floors, windows, furniture, as well as air. The architectural features of the enclosing structures and the presence of "cold bridges" play a significant role.

Wood as a building material

For comfort in the house, a combination of sufficient heat capacity and low thermal conductivity of the wall material is important. In this regard, the tree has no equal. it's the same good stuff for houses seasonal residence in which the owners come only occasionally in winter. Wooden house, not heated for a long time, perceives a sharp change in temperature better. The condensate formed when the heating is turned on is partially absorbed by the wood. Then the walls gradually release the accumulated moisture to the heated air, thereby helping to maintain a favorable microclimate in the living quarters. Coniferous species are used in construction: spruce, pine, larch, fir, and cedar. In terms of price / quality ratio, pine is the most in demand. Its heat capacity is 2.3–2.7 kJ/(kg K). Along with old technology manual felling houses built from rounded logs, profiled and ordinary timber, carriage, and glued timber have also gained popularity.

Whatever you choose, keep in mind the general rule for wooden walls - the thicker the better. And here you will have to proceed from the capabilities of your wallet, since with an increase in the thickness of the log, the cost of the material and the price of work increase. In order to meet the required heat engineering standard, a log (rounded or hand-cut) must be at least 28 cm in diameter, and a profiled beam must be at least 24 cm thick. Then the house can not be insulated from the outside. Meanwhile, the most common size of profiled timber is 20 × 20 cm, length up to 6 m.

So the developer will have to immediately calculate and decide how thick the walls to build: 20 × 20 cm, followed by insulation with mineral wool and sheathing (siding, clapboard, facade panels) or thicker without insulation and sheathing. Separately, let's say about the usual (not profiled) timber measuring 15 × 15 cm. It is very popular in summer cottage construction, but nevertheless it is better not to build a house for year-round use from such material. It is only suitable for a small summer garden house. However appearance such a house is unlikely to please you. No matter how hard you try to caulk the gaps between the crowns, they still appear due to warping and uneven shrinkage of the wood. Birds take away caulking for nesting. Under the slanting summer rain, the wall gets wet through, and there is no need to talk about freezing in winter.

If you nevertheless chose this type of construction, then first wait for the new log house to settle (six months or a year) and proceed to its external insulation and cladding. The hinged insulation system (ventilated facade) will be optimal. Note that it is undesirable and even harmful to insulate wooden walls from the inside. Glued laminated timber is somewhat superior to massive timber and round logs in terms of strength and hardness. Due to its layered structure, the product is not subject to cracking and warping, and is resistant to decay. However, the thermal performance of laminated veneer lumber is only slightly better than that of a conventional pine log. In a house made of timber, where the walls are 20 cm thick, you can live in winter. However, heating will be expensive.

The requirements of SNiP 23.02–2003 "Thermal protection of buildings" (for middle lane Ro = 3.49 m² °C/W) such housing does not comply either. Meanwhile, the cost of glued laminated timber houses varies between 40,000 and 80,000 rubles. per m². The question arises, is it worth spending first on walls 20 cm thick, and then on insulation and cladding? Yes, and it's a pity to cover a very decorative surface of glued laminated timber with a hinged facade. So this is where you need to think hard. For comparison, a house made of hand-cut logs will cost 40–70 thousand rubles. per m², the average cost of a house made of logs and profiled timber will be about 20-25 thousand rubles. for 1 m².

Proper insulation of wooden walls

With the help of special dowels, heat-insulating basalt wool slabs are attached to the walls. To prevent atmospheric moisture from penetrating into the insulation, the plates are tightened with a superdiffusion hydro-windproof membrane (film). Such membranes protect the facade from rain, snow, condensation and wind. At the same time, they pass well the steam coming from inside the house. Further, guide rails are nailed to the walls with a certain step for attaching the finishing material. Finishing can be vinyl siding, wooden lining different widths and thickness, block house (planed board, made in the form of a rounded log segment) and other materials. It is important to leave air at the top and bottom to ensure air circulation in the ventilation ducts formed by the wooden guide rails.

Frame construction technologies

Perhaps not everyone knows, but the frame structure is one of the oldest. An example of this is half-timbered houses with a rigid supporting frame made of racks, beams and braces. Our ancestors filled the space between the frame elements with a kind of insulation - reeds or straw mixed with clay, or more reliable material - raw bricks. The frame was covered with tar so that it would not rot, and the clay filling was plastered and whitewashed. Part of the frame was usually left in plain sight, so half-timbered houses have a distinctive black and white appearance. The thermal performance of such a house is excellent, it is cool in summer and warm in winter.

To date, options frame technology there is a lot. Many countries, primarily northern ones, have contributed to their creation and development: these are Canada, the USA, Germany, Scandinavian countries. However, the principle is still the same: wooden or metal racks, united by horizontal strapping, are sheathed on the outside with sheet materials (oriented strand board, cement-bonded particle board, waterproof plywood, etc.). The internal space is filled with an effective insulation - mineral basalt wool. FROM inside a vapor barrier film is mounted, a hydro-windproof membrane is stretched from the outside. Followed by decorative trim walls.

A frame or frame-panel house built in accordance with all the rules will serve you faithfully for more than a decade. Frame and frame-panel houses can be partially or completely made from prefabricated elements, brought to the construction site and quickly assembled on site. They do not need powerful foundations; pile and bored structures are suitable.

A frame house can take on any appearance and look like wood, brick, stone, plastered. The same can be said about the interior decoration. The choice is huge: fiberboard, plaster, drywall, wallpaper, painting, wooden lining, panels and other materials. It is convenient to place communications, electrical wires, heating pipes in the depths of frame walls, which has a positive effect on interior design.

After the installation of the equipment and the completion of the finishing, the frame house is completely ready for living. If you are in your country house short trips, on weekends and holidays, there is practically no alternative to the frame structure. It can be quickly, literally in the evening, warmed up. But if the heating is turned off, the "ice age" will come just as quickly. This is because, unlike concrete and brick, frame wall there is almost nowhere to keep the heat. Even wood paneling cannot cope with this function due to its low mass. And at mineral wool another calling: it plays the role of a reliable boundary between two temperature environments - cold external and warm internal. So it will not work to heat the frame house for the future.

As for the price, general rule"Cheap is not good" works here too. Excessive savings on the construction site is inappropriate. The price per square meter strongly depends on the manufacturer of building elements, on the distance to the construction site, and on the wages of workers. On average, a turnkey house will cost about 19-24 thousand rubles. per 1 m² of total area.

Clay brick has always been a symbol of something stable and indestructible. Indeed, the brick is durable, frost-resistant, immune to atmospheric influences. But the thermal performance of the material leaves much to be desired. Brick products can be divided into three groups:

1. Full-bodied products: ordinary brick (density 1700–1800 kg / m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.6–0.7 W / m ° C); conditionally effective brick (density 1400–1600 kg / m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0, 35–0.5 W / m ° C); efficient brick (density less than 1100 kg / m³, thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18–0.25 W / m ° C).

2. Hollow bricks with a share of voids from 5 to 40%. This can also include facing products.

3. Porous bricks, including large-format stone bricks. The low coefficient of thermal conductivity of the latter is achieved due to closed air pores, as well as the special structure of the material with voids in the form of honeycombs.

If we take into account walls with a thickness of 510 mm or 640 mm, covered with the necessary layer of "warm" plaster, then only effective ceramic products reach the norm. Walls made of solid and conditionally efficient bricks need additional insulation. To solve this problem, three options are offered: thermal insulation system, installation of a hinged facade insulation system (ventilated facade) and the construction of three-layer walls with a heat-insulating layer.

A brick house is good for permanent living. Brick structures "breathe", that is, they are able to provide air exchange in the thickness of the walls, and have a solid thermal inertia. Having warmed up, such a wall retains heat for a long time even with minimal heating, gradually releasing it into the surrounding space. That is, if the heating unit suddenly breaks down, then it will be possible to hold out for a long time until the arrival of repairmen in a more or less comfortable atmosphere.

Cellular concrete

Aerated concrete is a collective term that combines finely porous building materials based on a mineral binder (lime, cement). This includes large-format blocks made of aerated concrete, gas silicate, foam concrete and foam silicate. Expanded polystyrene concrete is distinguished into an independent category. The structure of the listed materials is formed by small air pores (cells). It is they that give products made of cellular concrete a high thermal insulation capacity and a relatively small volumetric mass.

Walls built using the technology of single-row block masonry do not require additional insulation. They also do not need a strong foundation. In terms of its environmental and other characteristics, this material is close to wood, but compares favorably with it in that it does not burn and does not deform when humidity changes. At the same time, in terms of its thermal performance, a wall made of cellular concrete is superior to a brick one.

In order for the walls of aerated concrete to be of the desired quality, the masonry is carried out on a special mineral glue. This ensures the thickness of the joints is only 1–3 mm (for comparison, masonry on a cement-sand mortar gives joints of 12–15 mm). At the same time, heat losses are significantly reduced, because thick seams are real "cold bridges" through which heat leaves the house. Foam concrete is more affordable than aerated concrete (for comparison, the first one will cost 1300 rubles / m³, and the second - 2800 rubles / m³), ​​so many developers turn their eyes to it. But the fact is that foam concrete blocks can be produced on special mobile plants in a rather artisanal way. Therefore, small businesses are often engaged in their manufacture.

To obtain a finely porous structure, special substances are used - foaming agents. For the most part, these are tanning extracts from the leather industry, various lyes, etc., that is, organic compounds that have a limited shelf life and different foaming abilities. To reduce the cost of production, instead of quartz sand, manufacturers use substitutes in the form of industrial waste: fly ash, slag, etc. The hardening of the blocks occurs in natural conditions. The process proceeds unevenly, causing shrinkage deformations. All this leads to, to put it mildly, vague technical specifications final product. The material has sufficient strength and retains heat well, but subject to manufacturing in accordance with all the rules.

The growth of individual construction has led to the appearance on the market of various materials, including those that no one had heard of before. The range is so large that even experienced people are often lost, not knowing what is better to choose. Let's try to figure out which modern materials are attractive not only in terms of cost, but also the feasibility of using it in the construction of private houses.

As a rule, individual developers are guided by the following indicators:

• the price of materials (including facing);
• the ability to perform all operations with your own hands to the maximum;
• the total weight of the structure, since the type of foundation and the cost of its installation largely depend on this;
• the cost of finishing work;
• durability;
• frequency of current (major) repairs.

Considering some types of new materials, we will focus only on their specific features.

Firstly, exhaustive information on each sample is not a topic for this article. Those who are interested in the details will be able to get acquainted with all the “pluses” and “minuses” on their own on our website in the section “ Construction Materials”, where almost all popular ones are described in detail.

Secondly, many shortcomings are very relative, since the manifestation of defects is often caused not by product quality, but by violations of the work technology and ignorance of elementary things (on waterproofing, thermal expansion, compatibility, and so on). So let's start the review:

Wood

Glued timber

Of all the materials in the "wood" category, professionals recommend giving preference to this particular product.

• Strict geometry greatly simplifies installation and caulking.
• Finishing is practically not needed.
• Great looking home.
• Good microclimate.

Experts note the main drawback of glued laminated timber - additional insulation will be required, otherwise heating costs will be significant. Details about the beam.

rounded log

With the above benefits, given material will require some large construction costs. Most likely, it will be necessary to involve specialists, at least at the stage of building a log house. Read about round log construction at.

artificial stone

aerated concrete

Good stuff in every way. But it absorbs moisture quite intensively. Therefore, when using it, you will need high-quality waterproofing. And this entails the need to produce plastering, which limits the choice of type of cladding.

foam concrete

The specificity of its use is that this artificial stone is quite fragile. And this makes it difficult to attach attachments and furnishings (lockers, shelves, and so on). You can’t drive a nail into it just like that and you can’t install a self-tapping screw (with a sleeve) - they won’t hold on. Only anchor bolts, and this is not convenient everywhere.

Foam concrete can be built in 1, maximum 2 floors, and then, with reinforcement of the structure. Comparison - perhaps you did not know this yet.

Polystyrene concrete

Of all artificial stones considered the best. In terms of its properties (vapor permeability, environmental safety), it is in many ways reminiscent of wood. Its main advantage is almost zero thermal conductivity. This material itself is an excellent insulation, and additional work in this regard will not have to be carried out.

Another difference from analogues is that fungus or mold will never start in polystyrene concrete. And given the low cost of production (about 1,000 rubles / m³), ​​this stone can be recommended as one of the best building materials. By the way, "bricks" can be made on the spot, without spending money on renting a vehicle to deliver the blocks to the site.

Frame technology

Building with sandwich panels is beneficial in many ways. It is always cozy in such a house, and heating costs will be small (about 26,500 rubles a year). But the service life of products does not exceed 20 years (and this is the maximum). And the repair of such a structure can cost a pretty penny. With many advantages, such a house does not differ in durability. This is rather a variant of a quick solution to the housing problem, but it is not necessary to say that many generations will live in it. In fact, they talk about it

Analytical material about what to build the walls of the house from. Overview of popular materials and brief description each of them.

It is the walls that are the most important structural element of any house or cottage. In the final cost of construction, the cost of erecting walls reaches 30%. Depending on a number of climatic and other conditions, the choice of material, design and wall thickness is made. These parameters are determined by the design decision, which in without fail precedes the construction of any house.

The materials used to build the walls of the house are divided into three groups:

• Wooden.
• Stone.
• Heterogeneous.

How to choose the right material for the construction of the walls of a residential building?

This article will help you find the right answer to this difficult question. Suppose that we are faced with the task of choosing materials for the construction of walls:

• two-story residential building
• with total area 150-200m2.
• in the conditions of a temperate climatic zone, characteristic of most of the territory of the Russian Federation.

Essential characteristics of any wall materials

Before proceeding to consider the characteristics and features of the use of the most popular materials belonging to the groups presented above, it is worth noting that for any wall of the house, regardless of the materials used and design features, there are a number of mandatory functions and requirements:

• Structural strength. This criterion is one of the most important, since for several decades the walls must bear the load of not only their own weight, but also the weight of the roof and ceilings, communications and engineering units, and interior decoration. That is why all erected walls must have a certain margin of safety. For the construction of the walls of the house we are considering, you need to focus on the strength of the material, not exceeding 150kg/cm2.
• Minimization of loads on the foundation. This parameter is no less important than the previous one, since neglecting this factor can lead to the destruction of the entire building or to a significant increase in the cost of the zero cycle.
• Thermal resistance . This factor characterizes the indicator of thermal comfort indoors. It directly depends on the thermal conductivity of the material of the walls and their thickness. For the material of the walls of our house, you can focus on the value 2.5m 2 K/W.
• Water absorption. The features of a particular material to absorb and retain moisture are determined precisely by this criterion, which characterizes the percentage of the mass of water absorbed by the wall to the mass of dry matter of this wall. Water absorption wall materials, used for the construction of the house we are considering, should be in the range from 6% before 15% .
• fire resistance. This criterion characterizes the ability of walls to limit the spread of flames.
• Frost resistance. This parameter characterizes the ability of wall materials and various structural elements resist freezing and thawing. Most modern building materials have a frost resistance coefficient equal to 25-35 cycles. This value fully satisfies the requirements for the construction of the walls of our house. Experts do not recommend the use of materials with a frost resistance coefficient of less than 15 cycles, since in this case it is necessary to carry out additional processing, which will prevent the penetration of moisture from the side of the facade.

Option number 1: wooden walls

The most widespread among the materials belonging to this group are the following:

• Beam (simple and profiled).

The construction market does not stand still. With an enviable frequency, new building materials appear. However, despite all the newfangled trends, houses made of logs and timber not only have not lost their popularity, but are becoming increasingly relevant. The wood used for building walls has a number of advantages. Durability, strength, light weight, ease of processing - this is not a complete list of the advantages of this building material.

The construction technology of modern wooden houses is greatly influenced by the appearance the latest technologies and equipment. Whole wood is practically not used anymore. He was replaced by a wooden bar, which is a log hewn from all sides. It is the pre-treatment of the logs that ensures their almost perfect fit to each other. This technology improves the quality of housing and reduces the cost of construction.

However, the construction log used for the construction of walls has its own advantages:

• Strength.
• Ease of construction.
• Natural beauty.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Ease of machining.

The ability to quickly ignite, the need for additional processing to prevent decay and uneven shrinkage are the main disadvantages that characterize the use of construction logs.

Houses built from wooden beam (plain, profiled or glued) have a number of common advantages:

• Cost reduction (compared to other building materials).
• The speed of assembly at home. Described at the beginning of the article two-storey house(150-200m 2) is quite realistic to collect in two to three months.
• Creation and preservation of a special microclimate indoors.
• Design versatility.
• Ecological purity.
• Low thermal conductivity. An unheated house warms up completely in just a couple of hours and holds 6 times more heat than a brick house, and about 1.5-2 times more than a foam concrete house.
• Resistant to deformation.
• The ability to remove excess moisture.
• Excellent frost resistance. Houses can stand for more than a hundred years.
• High strength and elasticity.
• Practically no internal and external finishing is required (especially for houses made of profiled and glued beams).
• Aesthetic appearance.

In addition, houses built from simple, profiled or glued beams have a number of individual features and advantages. So, for the construction of walls from a simple wooden beam, you can use columnar foundation or "floating columns".

Profiled timber provides increased durability of the building, high solidity, excellent vapor and air permeability, ease and speed of assembling the house, maximum environmental friendliness. The light weight of the timber can significantly reduce the load on the foundation, and the cheapness of the material (about 2-3 times cheaper than glued timber) and the aesthetics of the building sometimes tip the scales towards the profiled timber.

houses built from glued beams, are distinguished by high strength, improved thermal insulation and higher (compared to natural wood) fire resistance. The advantages of glued beams include a fairly short period of construction of the building and, of course, the natural beauty of the tree and its texture.

Walls made of wooden beams, as well as from other materials, have their drawbacks:

• Anisotropy of wood. This indicator characterizes the heterogeneity of strength, steam conductivity, thermal conductivity and other properties depending on the direction of wood fibers.
• Limitation of use depending on the ambient temperature. So, it is not recommended to operate houses made of glued laminated timber in conditions of prolonged heating above 35 ° C, all the rest - over 50 ° C. A temperature of 35 ° C is not typical for a temperate climate zone (this is where our house is conditionally located), but in last years is not such a rare occurrence. This fact makes us once again think about the use of glued beams.
• The possibility of cracking (except for glued beams). In fairness, it should be noted that this drawback is quite simply eliminated by rubbing with special mastics.
• The need to use additional finishing materials when using a simple bar. This will prevent moisture from getting into the space between the bars.

Thus, houses and walls made of wood quite successfully combine excellent consumer qualities and relatively low price, and the environmental friendliness and beauty of this material cannot be overestimated. That is why wooden buildings continue to be built for many centuries, despite the emergence of modern building and finishing materials.

Option number 2: block walls

The most popular and widespread are the following building materials belonging to this group:

The masonry of walls from a wide variety of blocks has gained wide application and great popularity. Walls built from one or another type of blocks have different physical properties and features inherent in the material of the block filler.

However, most buildings built from block building materials are characterized by excellent heat and sound insulation properties, increased fire and frost resistance, environmental friendliness, lightness, strength, durability, resistance to mold and fungi, and ease of processing. In this section, we will discuss in detail the advantages and disadvantages various kinds this building material.

cinder blocks

Slag, which is a flux-containing components of waste rock, is the main filler of cinder blocks. A wide variety of materials can be used as building stone fillers: cement, expanded clay, cullet, brick and concrete cullet, gravel, sand, granite screenings, crushed stone. Cement is the main binder of cinder blocks.

The main advantages of cinder blocks include the following:

• Low cost due to the cheapness of the components used. As a result, the cost of masonry and construction of the entire house is significantly reduced.
• Ease of use. For the construction of walls from cinder blocks, special skills are not required.
• Strength and durability.
• Fire resistance and frost resistance.
• Possibility self-manufacturing.
• Low consumption of binder solution.

However, cinder blocks also have some disadvantages, among which the following can be distinguished: poor soundproofing properties, high thermal conductivity, the need for double-sided plastering of walls and the problematic laying of various communications.

Foam blocks

This type of building material is made from foam concrete, which is a type of cellular concrete. For the manufacture of foam blocks, cement mortar, sand, water and a foaming agent are used. The foam block is an artificial porous stone that can float in water. A wall made of this material is able to "breathe", creating an ideal microclimate in the premises. Approximately the same microclimate is created in houses built of wood. However, foam blocks, unlike wood, do not rot and do not burn.

Advantages of foam blocks:

• Short specific gravity.
• Low hygroscopicity.
• Ease of processing.
• High durability.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Cheapness. Foam block is one of the cheapest materials.
• Good sound insulation.
• Economical due to low weight. Thanks to this, you can significantly save on the construction of the foundation, the thickness of the plaster layer. Foam blocks can even be laid on glue.
• High fire resistance.
• Low shrinkage factor.
• High thermal insulation properties.

The disadvantages of foam blocks can only be attributed to the fact that the construction of walls is possible only in a frame way, and a synthetic foaming agent is able to enhance the hygroscopicity of concrete.

gas blocks

This building material has unique characteristics and is becoming increasingly popular. It is gas blocks that make real competition for classic bricks due to their natural origin and excellent performance. For the production of gas blocks, sand, lime, cement, water and aluminum powder are used. Depending on the binder used (lime or cement), a gas silicate or aerated concrete block can be obtained. Both types of gas blocks, due to their high porosity (up to 85%), have excellent performance properties inherent in both wood and stone:

• High strength.
• Ease of processing.
• Low thermal conductivity.
• High fire resistance and frost resistance.
• Excellent soundproof properties.
• Excellent vapor permeability.
• Durability.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Ease.
• Resistant to fungus, bacteria and mold.
• Moisture resistance.
• Installation speed.

However, gas blocks also have a number of negative properties. In particular, additional cladding of external walls or protective plastering may be required, sound and heat insulation properties decrease with increasing density and strength. It is impossible to build high-rise buildings (more than 3 floors) from aerated concrete blocks. However, in our case (construction two-story house) this factor has absolutely no influence on the choice of material.

silicate brick

This building material is made from sand, lime and some additives. silicate brick used for the construction of external and internal walls and for cladding. It is not recommended to use silicate brick in places with high humidity and for masonry, which may be exposed to elevated temperatures. These features of the use of silicate brick are due to its ability to absorb moisture well, to decompose hydrate components with a significant increase in temperature.

The main advantages of silicate bricks include the following:

• Reliability and durability.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Resistance to the influence of aggressive factors.
• High fire resistance.
• Can be used for a wide variety of architectural solutions.
• High noise reduction coefficient.

However, silicate brick also has a number of negative properties that limit its use:

• Increased construction time and high labor intensity of work. This state of affairs is possible due to small size silicate brick.
• High ability absorb moisture.
• Big weight. Sand-lime brick is one of the heaviest building materials.
• Low adhesion with cement mortar.
• Limited use (in terms of temperature and humidity).

ceramic blocks

Ceramic blocks or "warm" ceramics are an environmentally friendly building material made from high quality clay with some additives. Many builders use the expression "warm block" in their everyday life, which indicates one of the main characteristics of this material - ceramic blocks are distinguished by excellent thermal insulation qualities. In addition, these blocks have almost all the positive properties of ceramic bricks:

• Resistance to aggressive factors.
• High strength.
• Light weight.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Ease of processing.
• High adhesion achieved due to the corrugated surface of the blocks.
• Durability.
• Frost resistance.
• Excellent heat and sound insulation properties.
• Optimum indoor climate.
• Reduced lead time (compared to brickwork) construction.
• Saving mortar when laying.

There are few disadvantages of ceramic blocks, but they are: high price, the need to plaster the walls to protect against moisture, fragility during transportation.

Arbolite

This building material is a type lightweight concrete. For its manufacture, a mixture of organic aggregates (woodworking waste, fires, reeds, etc.), a binder and water are used. There are also some additives in the mixture. For example, calcium chloride and alumina sulphate are added to accelerate cement hardening and aggregate mineralization.

Arbolite very successfully combines best qualities stone and wood. This unique building material is characterized by excellent heat capacity (the thermal conductivity of wood concrete is 4-5 times lower than brick), high strength, resistance to decay. It is environmentally friendly and fireproof. The negative quality of wood concrete can be called high water absorption, which can be successfully overcome by creating a reliable protective covering.

Positive traits of this unique material more than compensate for this shortcoming:

• Low thermal conductivity, which allows you to significantly save on heating the house during the heating season.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Plastic.
• Ease of processing.
• High strength.
• Small specific weight.
• Fire safety.

In addition to the block building materials discussed above, ceramic bricks, expanded clay blocks, twin blocks, gas silicate blocks, sand concrete blocks, polystyrene concrete and sawdust concrete blocks. These building materials have almost the same performance characteristics inherent in all block building materials.

Option number 3: heterogeneous (multilayer) walls

Among the building materials belonging to this group, the most common are the following:

The materials listed above have a number of undeniable advantages, among which are such as a significant reduction in construction time, low weight, cost savings, an excellent combination with other building materials, and a long service life. The main operational qualities of each material separately are presented below in more detail.

SIP panel

The SIP-panel is a structure, which consists of two oriented strand boards or OSB (OSB), between which there is a layer of insulation glued under pressure - solid expanded polystyrene. Expanded polystyrene has a number of excellent physical and operational properties.

It is resistant to aggressive environments, environmentally friendly, durable, easy to use. This material is characterized by a low degree of thermal conductivity and vapor permeability.

Houses built from SIP panels have the following qualities:

• Strength.
• Durability.
• Energy efficiency.
• Relative cheapness.
• The beauty.
• Fire resistance.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Practicality.

In addition, houses made of this material are assembled very quickly. So, the two-story house with an area of ​​150-200m 2 considered in this article can be assembled in 12-15 days on a prepared foundation, and a full construction cycle, including interior decoration, will take no more than three months.

The relative cheapness of building buildings from SIP panels is achieved due to the following factors:

• Inexpensive foundation.
• Short construction time.
• Simplicity of finishing works.
• No additional insulation required.
• Substantial savings heating and home maintenance.

However, ideal building materials that have absolutely no flaws do not exist. SIP panels are no exception, the main disadvantages of which include the following: fire hazard, the need to use ventilation system, the possibility of penetration of rodents.

Fixed formwork

Fixed formwork consists of panels or blocks made of various materials, which are mounted in the formwork structure. Application fixed formwork allows you to significantly speed up and simplify the construction process by combining several operations into one technological cycle.

The main advantages of using fixed formwork include:

• High construction speed. For example, the box of the house discussed in this article can be built in just a week.
• Lightweight blocks.
• Variety of architectural solutions.
• Low material cost.
• High fire safety.
• Environmental friendliness.
• High strength.
• Excellent heat and sound insulation.
• Can be applied to any climatic conditions and on all soils.

This material also has its drawbacks. The use of fixed formwork is characterized by the difficulty of compaction concrete mix and arrangement of door and window openings, the need to use protective finishing materials and the installation of a grounded circuit that protects the building from lightning.

Multilayer heat blocks

Multilayer heat blocks are made using the casting method from expanded clay concrete and contain a heat-insulating insert made of expanded polystyrene. The decorative front surface, made of expanded clay concrete painted with iron oxide pigment, is the third layer of this building material.

Multilayer heat blocks are practically devoid of disadvantages, but they have many advantages:

• High construction speed.
• Significant cost savings.
• Additional heat and sound insulation is not required.
• Excellent thermal performance.
• Durability.
• Aesthetic appearance.
• Environmental friendliness.
• Fire safety.
• Possibility to increase living space.
• Light weight.

Brisolite and insulated laminated timber, as well as the heterogeneous (multilayer) building materials discussed above, are widely used in the construction of houses and have many similar physical and operational properties.

Summary

Thus, this article presents comparative characteristics basic building materials used to build walls and houses. As you can see, all the presented materials have their pros and cons.

From what building material (group of materials) is it better to build the house considered in this article? I am sure that each reader has found the answer to this question on his own, having analyzed the physical, operational, aesthetic and economic features of each building material.

Questions and answers on the topic

Comparison of various materials and their combinations in terms of thermal conductivity:

What to build a house from?

Before starting construction, you need to decide what a country house is for. Conventionally, country houses can be divided into two broad categories.

Seasonal houses. They are designed mainly for the summer period of residence and for an ambient temperature of 0 ... -5 ° С. The walls of such houses are made in a frame design, from a bar with a thickness of 100 - 150 mm, from rounded logs of small (up to 220 mm) diameters. Due to the low level of protection of the walls of such a house from heat loss, the cost of construction is low.

Some typical wall options for such houses:

Houses for permanent residence. The name speaks for itself and implies constant heating in the winter. They are designed for outdoor temperatures down to -30°C. Such houses can be both wooden and stone.

The walls of wooden houses for year-round use are made of profiled or sawn timber from 200 mm and above, with or without insulation, from rounded or chopped logs 240 - 280 mm.

Stone houses of permanent residence are also built using different technologies: monolithic houses in fixed formwork, stone houses from gas blocks (gas silicate blocks), bricks, warm ceramics, expanded clay concrete blocks.

Typical wall designs for permanent residences:

You can read more about the energy efficiency of various building materials in the article. Thermal characteristics of wall materials.

Choosing a building material

Table 2.

Some additions.

To maintain normal heat and humidity conditions in brick house, it must be constantly heated. If the house has not been used in winter, then in the spring it will have to be thoroughly heated before it warms up and the rooms become dry. A house made of wood or a monolithic house built using fixed formwork technology does not require heating during the winter.

The construction of a heavy foundation and thick brick walls is significantly more expensive compared to building a wooden cottage or building a monolithic house.

In a wooden house more intensive exchange and purification of air. Up to 30% of the air per day can change through a log or timber indoors, and the unique properties of these materials allow in dry weather to release accumulated moisture, and in damp weather, on the contrary, to absorb its excess from the living space. That is why wooden houses are distinguished by a special microclimate and a high level of comfort. Wood is a very living material. Even after the log house, it continues to breathe, radiate heat energy, exude the aroma of resin. Wooden houses give people bioenergy nourishment, heal them, have a positive effect on the human nervous system.

Construction of a monolithic house using fixed formwork gives creative scope to the most daring architectural ideas. In this material, you can bring to life any architectural forms - from a warm garage for an iron pet, to the floating lines of a small country residence. And the heating of the building can be proud of the neighbors - it is so economical.

A house made of warm ceramics is a combination of durability, reliability and environmental friendliness. The walls of such a house will stand for more than one hundred years, paying off their rather high cost. A house made of such blocks does not need additional insulation (with a wall thickness of 51 cm). The use of natural clay as a basis for ceramic blocks guarantees the absence of any chemical impurities in the air. Such a house is a long-term investment in which more than one generation of descendants will live.

So decide!! If your choice is in favor of cozy wooden house or you are attracted by the reliability and durability of stone - contact our construction company, we will help you choose a project from the catalog, or we will develop a new one for your needs.

WOODEN HOUSING

Which tree is best?

Many developers are faced with the question of what kind of wood to build a house from. During the construction of a wooden house from time immemorial, preference was given to coniferous trees - larch, pine and spruce. Not without reason there was a saying among the people: “The hut of the spruce, but the heart is great!”
The most famous material for wooden construction- pine . It has a hard, resin-impregnated core and a looser
upper part. Of all conifers, pine is most often used in construction. It is distinguished by the greatest straightness of the trunk, the minimum number of knots and good technical properties. Pine has a high resistance to decay, but often (especially in July-August) with high humidity it tends to "turn blue". Blue in itself does not change the physical and mechanical properties of wood, but spoils the appearance. Pine is the main material for the construction of wooden houses, both in our country and in Europe (in particular, in Finland).

No less popular building material is spruce. physical characteristics these breeds are very close. Spruce has a stronger outer skin but a softer core. When dry, spruce wood is as strong as pine wood. Spruce is more prone to decay, but turns blue much less. On the world market, spruce is valued higher than pine.

Another building material (almost perfect) is larch, which has a unique, only inherent pattern. Larch is stronger, denser and practically unaffected by moisture, but it is more difficult to process than pine and splits easily. Therefore, larch is ideal as a wall material, but is not used for structural material (beams, valleys, rafters, puffs, etc.). However, this material is relatively expensive and not available to everyone.

What are the walls made of?

Our construction company offers a wide range of building materials for your home or bath. Let's look at their main types.

Technological material that requires a minimum manual labor at building a house, as the house is assembled according to the principle of a constructor. All necessary operations with rounded logs are performed at the place of production, in particular, the choice of mounting cups and landing channel in rounded logs.

The advantage of a rounded log is its even, rounded shape, which makes it possible to achieve a dense connection of logs. The diameter of rounded logs ranges from 160 to 320 mm. And due to the same diameter and high quality of surface treatment, rounded logs do not require wall finishing.

Advantages of building houses and baths from logs:

Accuracy in the production of logs and their marking speeds up the assembly of buildings and reduces construction costs;

The beautiful appearance of rounded logs due to the high quality and cleanliness of the surface treatment makes it possible to do without additional wall decoration inside and outside;

The tightness of the crown and corner joints of the logs is ensured by the technological accuracy of the groove and "cups";

Aesthetic appeal of buildings built using logs.

2. Hand-hewn logs up to 40 cm in diameter
For manual cutting, environmentally friendly, high-quality wood (spruce, pine, larch) is used, not infected with woodworm and fungus, with a moisture content of 45-60%. It is quite easy to process and deforms less when natural drying in assembled form. logs pass manual processing: removal of bark, proteza, selection of cups and grooves, processing with a planer. With this treatment, the upper solid protective layer logs ("sapwood"). Hand-hewn logs are less deformed during the aging process. Corner joints between logs are made into a "bowl" or into a "paw", the crowns are fastened with wooden spikes (nagel) after 1000 - 1500 mm, all logs are treated with an antiseptic. Such houses are warmer than those assembled from rounded logs, their walls are less prone to cracking. And with high-quality processing of logs, the appearance of such houses is not much inferior to houses made of logs.
If you like the old Russian or Finnish style of houses - this is your material!

A house made of profiled timber is an island of comfort and coziness in the world of concrete jungle. A wooden house will delight its owner with a very comfortable indoor atmosphere - after all wood is an excellent natural conditioner , maintaining air exchange and humidity at a very comfortable level for a person.
In the manufacture of profiled timber, a high purity of the treated surface is achieved, so the wood becomes almost polished, which makes it possible not to use Additional materials for the interior decoration of a wooden house, and therefore avoid unnecessary costs. Unlike log walls, the walls in a cottage made of profiled timber are even, o facilitates possible finishing, arrangement of furniture, use of wall cabinets.
Currently, many prefer this particular material. The ratio "price-quality" is optimal here. Cottages made of profiled timber are very modern, look great, keep temperature fluctuations well, which is very important for the regions of central Russia.
The construction of houses and cottages from profiled timber is a technological process that includes the processing of material on a machine tool, the preparation of a “cup” with a double lock. It is possible to pre-assemble the house in the workshop, which provides especially high precision assemblies. The final assembly includes the erection of a log house at the construction site, drilling and fixing the timber with dowels.
During the construction of cottages and country houses from profiled timber, our company uses material manufactured by one of the company's departments.

4. Ordinary sawn (unplaned) timber
This is the cheapest building material made of wood. The sawn timber used for the construction of the well of a wooden house is made of an equilateral section (150x150mm, 200x200mm), or a versatile section (from 150x100 mm). In construction, either simply sawn timber is used, or planed (on one or two sides). Basically, an ordinary bar with a section of 150x150, 200x150, 200x200 mm is used for construction country houses(optimal ratio: price / quality), and larger - for the construction of cottages with subsequent insulation and finishing with other facing materials.
However, we must not forget that a simple bar does not have a thermal lock. Because of this, it is difficult to insulate it, because. the blowing coefficient will be several times higher than that of a wall made of a properly made log or profiled beam. In any case, after 1 - 1.5 years (after the log house has dried), it is necessary to carefully caulk the seams between the beams and sheathe finishing materials walls both inside and outside (euro lining, sighting, etc.). All these activities absorb the savings obtained by purchasing the timber itself. The benefit here is one thing - such a house can be built (and, therefore, invested in it) in stages, with a stretch over time.

Naturally, with any option for building a wooden house, antiseptic treatment of the walls with special compounds and paints should be implied, protecting the wood from turning blue, putrefactive disease, mold and woodworm beetles.

TECHNOLOGIES OF THE XXI CENTURY: Monolithic houses in fixed formwork

AT modern world, where prices for building materials, as well as electricity, gas and fuel are growing rapidly, the question of the cost-effectiveness of building cottages is quite seriously raised, and in the process of operation - savings on heating and air conditioning houses.
For this reason, we propose technology of monolithic housing construction "Izodom" (using non-removable formwork made of expanded polystyrene). This technology for thermal protection, sound insulation, comfort, simplicity and speed of construction, as well as durability refers to the advanced technologies in the field of construction and is designed for the rapid construction of warm, reliable and inexpensive homes.
This technology has been tested for many years in the USA, Canada and Western Europe, confirming the profitability and durability of this system, and in recent years it has become popular in Russia. The sphere of application of Izodom technology is the construction of cottages, rural houses and summer cottages; construction of shops, cafes; multi-storey residential buildings; warm individual pools, garages and much more.

What gives developers the Izodom technology (monolithic houses)?

Reduced construction time. When using traditional materials (such as brick), building a house stretches for a long time. If you build using the Izodom technology, the same wall area is built several times faster.
savings when constructing foundations, since Izodom walls create a much lower specific load on the foundation. For such a house, it is recommended to install a shallow foundation.
Savings on the cost of wall materials. The cost per square meter of the Izodom wall is significantly lower than the cost of a brick wall, similar in terms of heat saving.
Benefit from obtaining additional usable area, since the thickness of the walls of "IZODOM" is much less than the thickness of walls made of other building materials, similar in terms of heat-saving capacity.
High thermal performance of walls- this is a way to avoid high costs for the purchase of expensive heating equipment, transportation of fuel, time and labor costs for its operation. The cost of heating the IZODOM building will be 3-4 times less compared to a brick building.

How cottages are built from monolithic concrete.

The modules of the Izodom system are hollow polystyrene blocks with a density of 25-27 kg / m3, which are joined together like parts children's constructor. Fixed formwork modules have cavities that are reinforced and filled with concrete during the construction process, and a special the design of the locks allows you to quickly and accurately connect the blocks. Thus, a monolithic wall is constructed, framed on the inside and outside with a heat and sound insulating shell of expanded polystyrene. Thanks to this wall construction, houses built using fixed formwork are strong, light and very warm. The thickness of the wall is selected depending on the purpose of the building, as well as the temperature parameters of the construction region.
The internal partitions of the house can be made from the same blocks, as well as from any other traditional materials. During the construction of buildings, you can use any type of floors - monolithic floors, concrete plates or classic designs of wooden floors.
For exterior finish walls can be used plaster, siding, facing brick or stone. Interior decoration can carried out using plaster or plasterboard. The undoubted advantage of a house built using this technology is that the walls, both internal and external, have a very even surface, therefore, an economical thin layer of plaster is needed to finish the walls. In addition, it is very easy to lay electrical wiring in such walls.
Expanded polystyrene is environmentally friendly (97% air and 3% material) and is even used for packaging food products. It does not contain substances that feed microorganisms, i.e. not subject to the destructive effects of rodents, mold and bacteria. In addition, it does not burn if there is no prolonged exposure to the flame (more than 2.5 hours).

Technical parameters of the walls.

Wall thickness - 25, 30 or 35 cm, where 15 cm is concrete, the rest (respectively - 10, 15 or 20 cm) is polystyrene foam.

The weight of walls without finishing is 400 kg/m2.
Concrete consumption - about 125 liters per square meter of wall.
Thermal conductivity coefficient - L0=0.036 W/mK, excluding exterior and interior finishes.
The fire resistance limit of the wall is 2.5 hours.
Vapor permeability - 0.032 mg / (m.ch. Pa).
Water absorption in 24 hours, by volume - 0.1%.
Acoustic isolation - 46 dB.

Fire safety:

Fire hazard class bearing wall- K0 (fire spread limit is 0)
The fire resistance limit of the load-bearing wall is at least 155 min.**

* According to the conclusion of the State Unitary Enterprise "NIIMosstroy"
** According to the tests of the center of the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

Whatever material you choose to build your house - we will be happy to help the future homeowner decide on a project or develop an individual one, discuss materials and finishes, and build STRONG HOUSE according to your wishes, tastes and possibilities.

Every good owner sooner or later faces some kind of construction. Someone is building a garage, someone is building a bathhouse, and some are aiming at building a large mansion on their own. Here the question arises as to which material is better to choose for building a house.

The main stages of construction include pouring the foundation, as well as erecting walls. For any owner, it is important that the aesthetic appearance of the structure is high level, the walls were warm, strong, and in general, the cost of building materials was not very high.

The most popular materials for building a house

The modern construction market is rich and diverse. Let's take a closer look at the top five most popular building materials for building a house.

• One-piece profiled beam.
• The log is rounded.
• Brick.
• Foam blocks.
• Thermal panels.

What to give preference? Each owner makes this decision independently, but for this it is worth studying all the pros and cons of each of the materials.

Wood

Wooden building materials for building a house have become very popular in our time. Wooden walls have low thermal conductivity, but stable heat capacity. Even if the house has not been heated for some time, with the stove in operation, the resulting condensate will be absorbed into the wood. After that, the already heated air draws moisture, and a special, favorable microclimate is created in the room. Coniferous species (pine, spruce, fir, larch, cedar) are often used in construction. In addition to the popular solid profiled timber, round logs, glued, ordinary timber, carriage are used.

Solid profiled beam

Material that has undergone special processing. In the profiled timber, the content of wood resin is very high, thanks to which the structures made of it are durable and are not exposed to aggressive environmental influences.

Back in the last century, when choosing finishing and building materials, rarely did anyone stop at a profiled beam. During the construction of the walls, manual adjustment was required. Now thanks to modern technologies, the bars are processed on machines in such a way that they simply fit perfectly, the gaps between them are minimal.

This eco-friendly material is not too expensive. The walls keep the heat inside for a long time, they can be built in a matter of days. Smooth, machined beams allow you to assemble a house, like puzzles.

rounded log

When studying building materials for building a house, pay attention to round logs. Like timber, this building material is made from conifers. Unlike the first one, the rounded log allows you to build buildings that are more durable, all this is due to the shape of the material. The construction of round logs is also carried out in a short time.

Brick

The most popular building material for building walls is brick. Brick buildings are outwardly quite acceptable, they are very strong in strength, durable, and also environmentally friendly.

silicate brick. This building material is very common. Buildings made of such bricks can last for decades.

Clay brick. It has always been considered a symbol of something stable, indestructible. Such a brick has increased strength, frost resistance, immunity to aggressive atmospheric action. However, the thermal performance of such a building material does not always meet expectations.

The construction of reliable buildings requires high-quality building materials. Brick factories offer a wide range of their products, which can be divided into three categories:

1. Solid bricks, these include the following types: conditionally effective, ordinary, effective.
2. Hollow bricks, the share of voids in them reaches 40%. Facing products also fall into this category.
3. as well as large-format stones-bricks. The high thermal conductivity of this category is ensured by the honeycomb-shaped structural material.

Disadvantages, advantages of brick

During transportation, especially over long distances, a small percentage of products lose their presentation, brick materials for building the walls of the house crumble. Their cost, however, is very high.

The ability of a brick to retain heat is much less than that of a tree. Walls built from conditionally efficient or solid bricks always require additional insulation. This problem is solved by three options: a ventilated facade - installation of a hinged insulation system, a heat-insulating plaster system, as well as three-layer walls with a heat layer.

The brick house is comfortable for living. This design "breathes", provides air exchange, and at the same time has active thermal inertia. warmed up, brick walls keep heat for a long time and gradually release it into the room.

Foam blocks

If you need high-quality and at the same time inexpensive building materials for building a house, then pay attention to the foam blocks.

Foam blocks are characterized by such qualities as heat resistance, high strength, low weight. Sudden temperature changes do not affect the walls erected from foam blocks. They do not crack or expand. There are many air bubbles inside the block, which increase the effect of thermal insulation. For comparison: foam concrete walls have a thermal conductivity eight times higher than conventional concrete walls. The material is good not only for the construction of the main walls, but also for internal floors. Thanks to this, the whole structure perfectly retains heat. Foam concrete structures do not require additional insulation. Heating costs are significantly reduced, by about 30%.

Advantages of concrete structures

• Due to the low weight, the pressure on the foundation is reduced.
• Savings in finishing. Normal wall putty is enough, plaster is not required.
• Reducing labor intensity. One 15 kg foam block replaces 20 bricks, the total weight of which is 80 kg.
• Cellular foam concrete blocks have excellent soundproofing properties.
• Brick factories produce such building materials in sufficient volumes. The popularity of foam blocks is growing every day.
• In terms of environmental friendliness, this material resembles wood. The room maintains optimal humidity, the walls breathe. Unlike wood, blocks do not rot, burn, or rust like metal.
• Foam concrete is often used as a heat insulator, it can withstand high temperature(up to +400 degrees).
• The blocks are very easy to work with conventional hand tools.

Disadvantages of foam concrete

When we choose materials for the walls of the house, we try to study not only the advantages, but also their inherent disadvantages, foam concrete also has them. These include:

• Brittleness of the material.
• Every three rows of walls must be reinforced.
• Foam concrete quickly absorbs moisture, which somewhat reduces thermal conductivity.
• To avoid dampness, it is necessary to create waterproofing, moisture-resistant protection between the foundation and walls.
• Vapor permeability of foam concrete. Vapor barrier required.

Frame thermal panels

If you need inexpensive building materials for building a house, then you should pay attention to frame thermal panels. The advantages of this material include low thermal conductivity, relative strength and fast assembly. Minus - the lack of naturalness.

Thermal panels today are very often used for finishing frame-panel houses. Their design consists of extruded polystyrene foam (in the role of a heat-insulating substrate) and high operational properties allow the use of thermal panels in the construction of houses using Canadian technologies. The most important characteristics of this facade material, which ensured wide demand, of course, include the absence of moisture absorption, low thermal conductivity, high compressive and impact strength, resistance to fire and any biological attack. The material is easy to install and use.

Finishing and wall-building houses must meet all modern requirements, then the design will delight the owners long years. Frame thermal panels provide an attractive, aesthetic, solid appearance to the building. It is for this reason that this material is very often used for the construction of cottages. built on Canadian technology, finished has the appearance of a smooth, flawless brickwork.

If the building is lined with thermal panels, heat losses are immediately reduced by 30%, all this thanks to the substrate, which consists of extruded polystyrene foam. Clinker tiles are connected to the insulation under high pressure super strong adhesive. The thinnest cutting of expanded polystyrene sheets allows you to make high-quality tight joints. In order for the facade to take on a finished look, in addition to the main panels, you can purchase various additional elements to neatly arrange the corners.

We have presented the most common building materials on the market today. It is up to you to decide how and what material to choose for building a house, to give preference to price, naturalness, aesthetic qualities or technical characteristics.