The thickness of the bearing and internal walls of expanded clay concrete blocks, reviews of builders. How to calculate the optimal wall thickness of a building made of expanded clay concrete blocks? What expanded clay concrete blocks to use for load-bearing walls

The complexity of building a house, cottage or just a building for office space is determined by several factors. Among them - the choice of the project, the development of communication systems, the calculation of the necessary building material and other components, the determination of the type of foundation. The question of the number of external corners of the structure also deserves attention. Creating a project with six or less corners is classified as simple construction works. When building a house with corners, the number of which is six or more, the process will be long-term and time-consuming. A prerequisite for the success of such a project will be the connection to the work of a professional bricklayer.

Laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for walls:

One of the easiest to build will be the laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a single-layer wall. To create using walls made of expanded clay concrete blocks, foam concrete, ceramics or hollow bricks with insulating material. Some bricks and hollow expanded clay concrete blocks to be laid on a heat-saving mixture. Additional manufacturers building materials offer a wide range of special molds that can be used when making crowns and lintels. Incorporating shapes into the walling process makes the job much easier. The undeniable advantage of single-layer walls is the ease of plastering in a proven way. Also, the advantages include high level thermal insulation and fast extrusion of walls. A single-layer wall can be treated with a solution of cement and lime, which greatly reduces the cost of the process. interior decoration.

The next in order of increasing complexity and cost of work is the laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a two-layer wall. The carrier layer is usually laid out from expanded clay concrete blocks or the same hollow ceramic brick with a thickness of at least twenty or forty centimeters. Outside, a second insulating layer is installed. To do this, use foam or mineral wool. The creation of thermal insulation from the inside is done by laying out a thin layer of the plaster mixture. This process is the most labor intensive. The successful construction of a two-layer wall of expanded clay concrete blocks is ensured by the use of all components from one manufacturer. Only under these conditions can we expect guaranteed good quality and aesthetics of the façade. The main advantages of a two-layer wall include thermal insulation and the absence of thermal bridges.

The laying of expanded clay concrete blocks for a three-layer wall uses proven technologies. The first layer is bearing, laid out from expanded clay concrete blocks or hollow ceramic bricks. External insulation is carried out using facade bricks, stone or clinker bricks. A protective wall with a thickness of at least ten centimeters is being erected. An accurate calculation of the laying of a three-layer wall of expanded clay concrete blocks is required. Especially at the joints of the walls, during the installation of insulation. It is especially important not to miscalculate the air ventilation in the walls of the facade. The beauty of three-layer walls, as well as practicality and technical parameters, attract professional builders.

Today, there are few countries left where wall blocks made of expanded clay concrete are not used in construction. But even where this technology has not yet received great popularity, attention is increasingly paid to its merits.

Those who want to build using this material have to be interested in such a parameter as the thickness of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Only by determining its values, you can achieve the maximum effect in terms of heat and sound insulation. Otherwise, the quality of the walls will be ensured by the physical properties of the building material, which is not afraid of corrosion, damage by rodents and insects, or fungus.

Thermal conductivity of expanded clay concrete blocks as a factor affecting wall thickness

Taking into account the calculation of the optimal thickness, it should be borne in mind that given material is warm enough. Empirically found that it reduces heat loss by 75%. This allows you not to make the walls of buildings too thick.

The basis of the heat and sound insulation qualities of expanded clay concrete blocks is the structure of expanded clay - a light and fairly strong porous material obtained by special firing of clay (shale).

The degree of thermal conductivity, respectively, and the thickness of the wall of blocks directly depend on the concentration and size of expanded clay granules in the solution, which also includes cement, sand and water.

What is thermal conductivity as a physical property? This term refers to the ability of a material to transfer heat.

The volume and rate of heat transfer from heated bodies to colder ones is calculated by the coefficient of thermal conductivity, which establishes the quantitative indicators of heat passing through a body in 1 hour, which has a base area of ​​1 sq. m and a thickness of 1 m. In this case, the temperature difference between two opposite surfaces of the object must be at least 1 ° C.

In accordance with the concentration of insulation, concretes from which blocks for walls are made are divided into structural, structural and heat-insulating and heat-insulating.

They have the following characteristics:

1. Structural. Used for the construction of load-bearing supports and building structures various types. It has a density up to 1800 kg/m 3 . Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.55 W / (m * ⁰ С).
2. Structural and thermal insulation. It is used in the manufacture of single-layer prefabricated panels. Density - 700-800 kg / m 3. Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.22-0.44 W / (m * ⁰ С).
3. Heat insulating. It is used as a heater in various mounting structures. It has a density up to 600 kg/m 3 . Thermal conductivity coefficient - 0.11-0.19 W / (m * ⁰ С).

In addition, the larger the aggregate granules in the solution, the lower the thermal conductivity of the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Accordingly, this factor also affects the thickness of the stone.

Thus, the use of expanded clay concrete blocks gives builders the opportunity to erect buildings quickly enough and with a significantly lower load on the foundation. But in order to achieve optimal temperature conditions in the interior of the house, for example, in middle lane Russia, it is necessary to lay out the walls of expanded clay concrete blocks so that their thickness is at least 64-65 cm.

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Popular sizes of standard expanded clay concrete blocks

Modern manufacturers of building materials have mastered a large number of different types of expanded clay blocks. But the most popular in construction today are products with dimensions of 390x190x90 mm and 390x190x188 mm.

Most often they are used in the construction of residential and industrial premises, as well as many objects civil engineering. With their help, both load-bearing walls and interior partitions are built.

The simplest calculation shows that in terms of its dimensions, one block with this porous aggregate is equal to the volume of approximately 6-7 ordinary clay bricks. Given these parameters, we can say that the use of expanded clay concrete blocks not only speeds up the whole process, but also allows builders to save on masonry cement mortar, the consumption of which in this case is markedly reduced.

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Wall thickness: calculation example depending on the operating conditions of the building

To make an accurate calculation of the most optimal thickness of a wall erected from expanded clay concrete blocks, it is necessary to use a completely simple mathematical operation in one step.

But for this, builders-masons should know two values: the coefficient of thermal conductivity already mentioned above, which is indicated by the symbol "λ" in the calculation formula, and the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer, which is directly dependent on the type of structure being built and on the weather and climatic conditions of that area where the building will be used in the future. This value is indicated in the formula "R reg" and is determined according to the consolidated standards in SNiP 23-02-2003 "Thermal protection of buildings".

Thus, the thickness of the wall under construction from expanded clay concrete blocks, marked with the sign "δ", is calculated by the following formula:

δ = Rreg x λ.

For example, you can calculate the thickness that the claydite-concrete walls of buildings under construction in the capital should have. Russian Federation. Based on the fact that R reg for Moscow and the Moscow region is officially set at 3-3.1, the value we are looking for for a wall of expanded clay concrete blocks with a thermal conductivity coefficient, for example, 0.19 W / (m * ⁰ С), will be equal to :

δ \u003d 3 x 0.19 \u003d 0.57 m.

As mentioned earlier, the scope of application of masonry elements made from this material also depends on the density of the building material in question. So, the SNiP 23-02-2003 already mentioned here determines that when using blocks with a density of 500 kg / m 3 in the process of creating insulation units for door and window openings, attics and basements, the walls of these structures should be at least 0.18 m thick subject to the obligatory finishing of the main wall with facing ceramic bricks. If, for example, blocks with a density of 900 kg / m 3 are used for the installation of the same nodes, then the minimum thickness should be 0.38 m.

So, experts recommend that when building objects in the central regions of Russia, if we are talking about single-layer expanded clay concrete walls, focus on their thickness in the range from 40 to 60 cm. At the same time, it is necessary that the density of hollow (with through and airtight voids) blocks be about 700 -1000 kg / m 3, while for solid (monolithic) blocks, the specified parameter should be more than 1000 kg / m 3.

Thus, knowing the parameters of expanded clay concrete elements, it is possible to build a house with walls of such a thickness that would ideally ensure the durability, safety and comfort of the home.

The construction of walls from blocks based on expanded clay concrete is characterized by a number of advantages, among which are:

• high strength indicators;
• powerful thermal insulation properties;
• simplicity and perfect quality of finishing, etc.

Laying technology using jute tape, which is placed in the space between the inner and outer strip of mortar, guarantees the prevention of the appearance of "cold bridges". Popular material is used in almost all countries, no matter what climate zone they are in.

Blocks of the Aleksinsky plant for walls with a thickness of 0.4 and 0.6 m

It is possible to squeeze out the maximum of advantages from the use of expanded clay concrete blocks with the correct determination of the thickness of the walls. Sometimes construction features require the use of supporting walls in masonry, in addition to blocks based on expanded clay concrete, bricks and other types of blocks. You need to know exactly what the thermal insulation characteristics of the walls of the object should be.

The most common are two solutions: supporting walls from blocks based on expanded clay concrete are built with a thickness of 0.4 or 0.6 m (without internal plaster and external finishing).

A thickness of 0.4 meters can be achieved using expanded clay concrete blocks measuring 390:190:188 mm solid (M75 F50 D1300) and hollow 2 (M25 F35 D800), 4 (M35 F35 D900) and 8-slot (M35 F35 D900) type.

When creating walls with a thickness of 0.6 meters, 6-slot hollow claydite-concrete blocks of the format 300x390x188 or 600x390x188 mm should be used. When constructing partitions, blocks of the M75 D1300 brand of 120x390x188 format or hollow PCC 80 and 90 mm thick - 390x90 (80) x188 can be used.

Everything that is required to solve construction problems is present in the assortment of expanded clay concrete blocks of the Aleksinsky plant.

About the nuances of choosing a thickness

The relevant standards indicate the thickness of the walls to be followed in a particular region of the country. In the Central District of the Russian Federation, for the walls of residential buildings, it is recommended with a certain margin of thickness of 64 cm, for other buildings - 0.4 m. A parameter above 0.6 m is somewhat overestimated against the calculated data. A simple formula takes into account the values ​​of 2 coefficients:

• thermal conductivity "λ";
• heat transfer resistance "Rreg".

The thickness of the supporting walls δ = Rreg (3.0-3.1 in the Central District of the Russian Federation) x λ (0.19) = 0.57 m. By adhering to this standard in the capital and nearby regions, you can build a guaranteed reliable, safe building with a long service life .

Increasingly, in the construction process there is a need to reduce costs and reduce the time of work without sacrificing quality. This became possible with the use of modern building materials, such as expanded clay concrete blocks.

Composition and production technology

The main raw material in expanded clay concrete is expanded clay of various fractions. In addition to it, the composition includes such elements as cement, sand, water and other additives designed to improve the quality of the material. And as the main filler, pumice or slag gravel, crushed stone, sand are used.

The use of expanded clay in the composition makes the blocks light, and cement gives them the necessary strength.

The production of expanded clay concrete blocks consists of the following steps:

• mixing all ingredients;
• pouring the prepared solution into molds;
• hardening and hardening;
• drying - takes from two days;
• warehousing and preparation for shipment.

Block types

Hollow

corpulent

Depending on the purpose of expanded clay blocks, you need to choose their type correctly. According to the structure, hollow, solid and slotted blocks are distinguished.

Hollow - light, least durable, with low thermal conductivity. Used in the construction of non-residential and low-rise buildings.

Unlike corpulent, hollow blocks:

• lighter in weight and warmer;
• lower cost by approximately 30-40%;
• reduce the load on the foundation;
• simplify work, reduce the cost of funds for the construction of the foundation ( concrete mix the foundation will not require as much as when using full-bodied blocks).

The disadvantage of this type is the inability to use in buildings higher than eight meters. They do not withstand heavy loads, so they are not suitable for high-strength structures. This property cannot be improved in any way, even if best brands concrete.

Solid blocks are the heaviest and most durable. Usually used for construction bearing walls, floors and foundations. High strength ensures the durability of buildings. These properties make it possible to use solid expanded clay concrete blocks in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings, industrial buildings, shopping centers, when filling voids and openings in monolithic housing construction.

This type is the most expensive, as it takes the most raw materials to produce them.

Slotted - there are several types: double-slotted, four-slotted and multi-slotted. They have the same properties as the hollow ones. The only difference is that slotted ones are often used as through ones for conducting communication lines.

The difference between blocks by purpose

Wall claydite-concrete blocks

Used for the construction of external walls and foundations. For this, the most durable types of blocks are used - full-bodied. However, if the construction country house or a similar small structure, slotted and hollow ones will do.

In other cases, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the type of expanded clay concrete blocks, but also to the materials from which they were made. The strength of the wall directly depends on the concrete used.

The price of the finished product cannot be lower than the prices of its components. Otherwise, it is possible that low-quality cheap raw materials were used in the production, which is unacceptable in the manufacture of building materials.

The use of expanded clay concrete blocks for the construction of walls reduces the time and cost of building an object. This is due to the price of expanded clay concrete compared to other materials (for example, brick), as well as their size (faster fit).

Partition claydite-concrete blocks

Designed for the construction of internal non-bearing walls and partitions.

The advantages of expanded clay concrete for the construction of partitions include:

• heat preservation and sound insulation;
• environmental friendliness;
• fire resistance - they do not burn and do not emit hazardous substances when heated;
• low hygroscopicity - they practically do not absorb moisture, and this makes it possible to use the material in baths, saunas, pools and bathrooms;
• ease, ease of use - even a non-professional is able to assemble an internal partition.

The disadvantages of using such blocks indoors are:

• their unattractive appearance;
• inaccuracy of geometric shapes;
• high consumption of solution.

According to these indicators, claydite blocks lose to products from other more expensive materials. But flaws can be fixed correct finish. For block walls, it is recommended to use plaster with subsequent painting.

Facing (with a decorative coating)

Products with a facing or decorative coating are the most convenient option combination of construction and finishing works. The variety of offers is constantly increasing by manufacturers, which allows you to choose blocks of the desired color and texture.

Facing expanded clay block is both a building and finishing material. A decorative coating is applied to one or both sides. In the process of construction, an originally finished wall is obtained, lined with a multi-colored or textured pattern.

The decorative surface can be smooth, corrugated or with a chipped texture; in color, it is unpainted and colored due to the use of colored cements.

The advantages of using blocks with a decorative coating are the same as when using expanded clay concrete products for internal walls. But to them is added savings in effort, time and money for finishing.

Disadvantages of facing blocks:

What is written about such blocks in GOST

Types and technical requirements for production are reflected in GOST 33126-2014 "Expanded concrete wall blocks". It was adopted in 2014, it reflects the main provisions for production:

• separation of expanded clay blocks by type and purpose,
• composition and quality of materials used in their production;
• the possibility of deviations in color and texture, as well as from standard sizes in width, length, height of the product;
• separate grades are distinguished by strength, frost resistance;
• requirements for marking, packaging, transportation of finished products are fixed, the permissible percentage with cracks and other defects for one batch is indicated;
• rules for acceptance of products by the manufacturer, methods of quality control, manufacturer's guarantees.

GOST 33126-2014 is aimed at improving the quality and standardization of expanded clay concrete blocks, as well as protecting the interests of manufacturers, builders, consumers of both the material itself and buildings made from them.

Dimensions and weight of expanded clay concrete blocks

Sizes can be standard or custom. The first dimensions are fixed in GOST, if necessary, they can change. For this, the parameters are reported to the manufacturer in advance. The manufacturer, in turn, indicates in accompanying documents on changes in dimensions, as well as on the conformity of products to specifications.

The standard size of a wall block is four bricks. Specifications the following:

• parameters according to GOST are 39x19x18.8 cm;
• strength grade M 50;
• weight 13.5 kg;

The size of the expanded clay concrete block for the construction of partitions is:

• 9x18.8x39 cm;
• 12x18.8x39 cm.

Its weight is below the wall weight due to voids.

Weight and dimensions are their main advantage. Lightness allows in some cases to abandon special equipment and reduce pressure on the foundation. And the large size increases the speed of work.

Characteristics of expanded clay concrete blocks

Thermal insulation properties

Expanded clay concrete has a low thermal conductivity. This suggests that it practically does not transmit heat, that is, it has high thermal insulation characteristics. It is no coincidence that this material is actively used by residents of the Scandinavian countries. So, in the conditions of the Russian climate, it is also indispensable.

High thermal insulation properties blocks are obliged to filler - expanded clay concrete and hollowness. It is these porous balls and holes that reduce thermal conductivity.

Vapor permeability and moisture resistance

Expanded clay blocks are characterized by low moisture permeability. This means that the material does not absorb water, which can lead to erosion. This property allows you to use it for outdoor work, as well as for interior decoration of baths, saunas, pools, baths.

Noise isolation

Noise insulation indicators depend on the porosity, voidness, cellularity of the blocks. Expanded clay concrete products for partitions or internal walls are excellent for these requirements. Their standard thickness reaches 9 cm, which provides noise protection up to 50 dB.

Frost resistance

The indicator depends on the weight of the blocks. The higher it is, the more freeze-thaw cycles the material withstands. The average number of such cycles is 200, these are good indicators for wall products.

Strength characteristics

Structural expanded clay concrete is the most durable and dense. Solid blocks of high-quality cement are used even for the construction of foundations and walls of high-rise buildings. It is important to choose the right type of material for its intended purpose and quality. Strength contributes to low moisture absorption, high frost resistance and density.

Environmental friendliness

In terms of its ecological qualities, expanded clay concrete can be compared with wood. Its environmental friendliness is explained by the use of only natural natural materials. The advantage is that the material "breathes", does not burn and does not contain toxic substances.

Unfortunately, at additional finishing environmental friendliness and breathability of expanded clay concrete may be lost.

Cons of the material

In addition to the advantages of expanded clay concrete blocks, there are certain disadvantages:

• The exterior may require further cladding.
• When building large structures, it is required to correctly calculate the strength and grade of the material.
• A large number of handicraft industries with products that do not comply with GOSTs and TUs.
• Due to the high porosity of expanded clay concrete, the strength of the blocks is inferior to heavy concrete.
• Wall ventilation is more difficult than in the brick version.

These shortcomings can be minimized by choosing the right type of blocks for construction, which should be purchased only from a reliable manufacturer.

Mortar for expanded clay concrete blocks

The solution must give the walls the necessary strength. Therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the proportions when mixing it yourself.

The most commonly used mixture is based on cement and sand.

Proportions:

• cement - 1 part (recommended grade M-400 and higher);
• sand - 3 parts;
• water - 0.7 parts.

To prevent delamination of the solution, as well as for ease of preparation, a concrete mixer should be used. For better plasticity, polymer-based plasticizers are added to the mixture. They make it more flexible and durable. The thickness of the seams is reduced to 3-5 mm.

Sometimes, instead of factory additives, they add washing powder or laundry soap. In this case, no one will give a guarantee of quality.

Mounting methods

The laying of blocks occurs in the same way as the laying of bricks.

The following technologies can be used:

1. Half block. The design needs an insulating layer due to its small thickness.
2. One brick wide. The most common scheme. During laying, alternate spoon and bond levels.
3. Well masonry walls of expanded clay concrete blocks. Characteristic is the presence of voids between the layers, which are filled with insulation. This method allows you to keep the heat inside the room.

Insulation of expanded clay concrete blocks outside

Despite good thermal insulation, block walls are recommended to be insulated from the outside. This additionally protects them from the negative effects of the environment.

the best modern material for insulation is considered mineral and stone wool. It is glued on the outside on blocks, strengthened reinforcing mesh plastered, then painted. This is what the wet facade method looks like.

Installation of expanded clay concrete block is not very complicated. Its styling is possible even for a person who does not have special skills. Blocks made in compliance with the technologies and properly laid will provide the structures with a long operational period, add practicality and strength.

Hello Ruslan.

Today, the construction of normative residential buildings, from the point of view of energy saving in accordance with SNiP Thermal protection of buildings, from expanded clay concrete blocks (CBC) does not make economic sense.
In fact, this material lost its relevance at the end of the last century, when nothing else was used except for solid bricks.
Thermal calculation, as well as a comparison of the costs of building the house you are considering from ceramic blocks Kerakam Kaiman 30 and KBB below.

Undoubtedly, you can build the house you like from expanded clay concrete blocks , but at the same time, you need to understand:

First.
To comply with energy saving standards in accordance with SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings", so as not to heat the street, into the construction of an external wall made of expanded clay concrete blocks you will need to include insulation, for example, mineral wool insulation. Any insulation is a weak link in the design, because. her guarantee period operation does not exceed 30-35 years, after which it is necessary to open the walls and carry out expensive repairs to replace the insulation.

This is due to two reasons:

1. during interaction with oxygen, the binder (phenol-formaldehyde adhesive) is oxidized / destroyed;
2. during the operation of the house during the heating season, due to the difference in partial pressures, vapors move from the inside of the house to the outside, in the surface layer of the insulation, steam condenses into water, after freezing which expands and, accordingly, destroys the integrity of the glued insulation fibers, they are simply torn apart from each other.

Second.
The use of expanded clay concrete blocks will lead to a significant increase in the cost of the foundation.
This is because when using expanded clay concrete blocks the thickness of the bearing wall will be 280mm, a 50mm thermal insulation layer, a 40mm ventilation gap and slotted masonry will be added to them. facing brick. The total thickness of the outer wall will be 490mm. In case of choosing heat-efficient ceramic blocks Cayman30, insulation is not required. Block thickness Cayman30- 300mm. Between the bearing ceramic wall and the laying of facing bricks, it is necessary to arrange a technological gap of 10 mm, which is filled with mortar during the laying process. The final thickness of the outer ceramic wall will be 430mm.
Under the large thickness of the expanded clay concrete wall, it will also be necessary to bring a large thickness of the foundation tape, the difference in thickness is 0.06 m. Such an increase leads to significantly higher costs for concrete, reinforcement and work.

Third.
Strength grade of expanded clay concrete blocks M35, as a result, when laying expanded clay concrete blocks mandatory reinforcement will be required in order to give the latter the ability to perceive bending loads. It is also necessary to understand that the basis of strength KBB cement lies, and it works well only for compression and practically does not work for bending. That is why mandatory reinforcement is present in the framework of masonry technology. KBB(see photo below). It is also mandatory to reinforce the lower belt for both monolithic and prefabricated floors.

Ceramic block masonry KerakamKaiman30 reinforced only at the corners of the building, per meter in each direction. For reinforcement, a basalt-plastic mesh is used, which is laid in the masonry joint. Labor-intensive covering of reinforcement in the masonry layer is not required.

Masonry mortar during the installation of ceramic blocks is applied only along the horizontal masonry seam. The bricklayer applies the solution immediately to one and a half to two meters of masonry and starts each next block along the groove. The laying is very fast.

During installation KBB the solution must also be applied to the side surface of the blocks. It is obvious that the speed and laboriousness of masonry with this method of installation will only increase.

Also, for professional masons, sawing ceramic blocks is not a problem. For this purpose, a reciprocating saw is used, with the help of the same saw, and KBB. In each row of the wall, only one block is required to be cut.

1) Kaiman 30(masonry in one layer, thickness 30 cm) with ceramic facing bricks.
2) KBB(block masonry, thickness 28 cm), a layer of mineral wool insulation 50 mm thick, ceramic facing bricks.

Below is a heat engineering calculation performed according to the methodology described in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings". As well as the economic justification for the use of the Kerakam Kaiman30 ceramic block when comparing the costs of building the house in question from expanded clay concrete blocks.

Looking ahead, I inform you that the replacement of the block Kaiman30, which meets the requirements of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the city Domodedovo, on the expanded clay concrete blocks will lead to an increase in the cost of building the house in question by 68 864 rubles. You can see the calculation in numbers at the end of this answer.

To begin with, we will determine the required thermal resistance for the external walls of residential buildings for the city of Domodedovo, as well as the thermal resistance created by the structures under consideration.

The ability of a structure to retain heat is determined by such a physical parameter as the thermal resistance of the structure ( R, m 2 *S/W).

Let us determine the degree-day of the heating period, °С ∙ day/year, according to the formula (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings") for the city Domodedovo.

GSOP = (t in - t out)z out,

where,
t in- design temperature indoor air building, °С, adopted in the calculation of the enclosing structures of the groups of buildings indicated in table 3 (SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings"): according to pos. 1 - according to the minimum values ​​​​of the optimal temperature of the corresponding buildings in accordance with GOST 30494 (in the range 20 - 22 °С);
t from- average outdoor air temperature, °С during the cold period, for the city of Domodedovo meaning -3,4 °C;
z from- duration, days / year, of the heating period, adopted according to the set of rules for the period with an average daily outdoor temperature of not more than 8 ° C, for the city Domodedovo meaning 212 days.

R tr 0 \u003d a * GSOP + b

where,
R tr 0- required thermal resistance;
a and b- coefficients, the values ​​of which should be taken according to table No. 3 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" for the corresponding groups of buildings, for residential buildings the value a should be taken equal to 0.00035, the value b - 1,4

The formula for calculating the conditional thermal resistance of the considered structure:

R0 = Σ δ n /λ n + 0,158

Where,
Σ – symbol of summation of layers for multilayer structures;
δ - layer thickness in meters;
λ - coefficient of thermal conductivity of the layer material under the condition of operational humidity;
n- layer number (for multilayer structures);
0.158 is a correction factor, which can be taken as a constant for simplicity.

Formula for calculating the reduced thermal resistance.

R r 0 \u003d R 0 x r

Where,
r- coefficient of thermal engineering homogeneity of structures with inhomogeneous sections (joints, heat-conducting inclusions, porches, etc.)

according to standard STO 00044807-001-2006 according to Table No. 8, the value of the coefficient of thermal uniformity r for masonry of large-format hollow porous ceramic stones and gas silicate blocks should be taken equal to 0,98 .

At the same time, I draw your attention to the fact that this coefficient does not take into account the fact that

1. we recommend laying with a warm masonry mortar (this significantly eliminates heterogeneity at the joints);
2. as connections between the bearing wall and the front masonry, we use not metal, but basalt-plastic connections, which literally conduct heat 100 times less than steel connections (this significantly levels out the inhomogeneities formed due to heat-conducting inclusions);
3. window slopes and doorways, according to our project documentation they are additionally insulated with extruded polystyrene foam (which eliminates heterogeneity in places of window and door openings, vestibules).

R r 0 must be greater than or equal to R 0 required.

We determine the operating mode of the building in order to understand what thermal conductivity coefficient λ a or λ in taken when calculating the conditional thermal resistance.

The procedure for determining the operating mode is described in detail in SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" . Based on the specified normative document Let's follow the step by step instructions. 1st step. Let's define hhumidity level of the building region - Domodedovo using Appendix B of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings".

According to the city table Domodedovo located in zone 2 (normal climate). We accept the value 2 - normal climate. 2nd step. According to Table No. 1 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the humidity regime in the room. At the same time, I would like to draw your attention to heating season humidity in the room drops to 15-20%. During the heating season, air humidity must be raised to at least 35-40%. Humidity of 40-50% is considered comfortable for a person. In order to raise the level of humidity, it is necessary to ventilate the room, you can use humidifiers, installation of an aquarium will help.

According to Table 1, the humidity regime in the room during the heating period at an air temperature of 12 to 24 degrees and a relative humidity of up to 50% - dry. 3rd step. According to Table No. 2 of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" we determine the operating conditions. To do this, we find the intersection of the line with the value of the humidity regime in the room, in our case it is dry, with humidity column for city Domodedovo, as explained earlier, is the value normal.

Summary. According to the methodology of SNiP "Thermal protection of buildings" in the calculation of conditional thermal resistance ( R0) should apply the value under operating conditions BUT, i.e. it is necessary to use the coefficient of thermal conductivity λа. Here you can see Thermal Conductivity Test Report for Ceramic BlocksKerakam Kaiman 30. The value of the coefficient of thermal conductivity λа You can find it at the end of the document.

Consider the masonry of the outer wall, using Kerakam Kaiman30 ceramic blocks, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For ceramic block use option Kaiman30 total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 430mm (300mm ceramic block Kerakam Kaiman30+ 10mm technological gap filled with cement-perlite mortar + 120mm face masonry). 1 layer 2 layer(pos.2) - 300mm masonry wall using a block Kaiman30 0.094 W/m*S). 3 layer(item 4) - 10 mm light cement-perlite mixture between the laying of the ceramic block and the front masonry (density 200 kg/m3, thermal conductivity coefficient at operating humidity less than 0.12 W/m*C). 4 layer(pos.5) - 120 mm wall masonry using slotted facing bricks (the thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in the operational state is 0.45 W / m * C. Pos. 3 - warm masonry mortar pos. 6 - colored masonry mortar.

Consider the masonry of the outer wall, using KBB with insulation, lined with ceramic hollow bricks. For use case KBB total wall thickness excluding plaster layer 490mm (280mm KBB+ 50mm thermal insulation + 40mm ventilation gap + 120mm facing masonry). 1 layer(pos.1) - 20mm thermal insulation cement-perlite plaster (thermal conductivity coefficient 0.18 W / m * C). 2 layer(pos.2) - 280mm masonry wall with KBB(coefficient of thermal conductivity of masonry in operational condition 0.36 W/m*S). 3 layer(pos. 4) - 50 mm thermal insulation layer, for example, Caviti Bats (thermal conductivity coefficient of the masonry in the operational state is 0.042 W / m * C). 4 layer(pos.3) - ventilation gap 5 layer(pos.5) - laying facing bricks * - the layer of facing brick masonry is not taken into account in the calculation of the thermal resistance of the structure, the front masonry is carried out with a ventilation gap device, and ensuring free air circulation in it. This is due to the fact that the vapor permeability of thermal insulation is significantly higher than the vapor permeability of ceramics. Laying facing bricks without a ventilation gap when using facade thermal insulation is not allowed!

expanded clay concrete block

R 0KBB \u003d 0.020 / 0.18 + 0.280 / 0.36 + 0.050 / 0.042 + 0.158 \u003d 2.2373 m 2 *S/W

We consider the reduced thermal resistance R r 0 of the structures under consideration.

The design of the external wall in which the block is used Kaiman30

R r 0 Cayman30 =3.81 m 2 *C/W * 0.98 = 3.734 m 2 *S/W

The structure of the outer wall in which expanded clay concrete block

R r 0 kbb\u003d 2.2373 m 2 * C / W * 0.98 \u003d 2.1926 m 2 *S/W

The reduced thermal resistance of the structure using the Caiman30 ceramic block is higher than the required thermal resistance for the city of Domodedovo (3.1363 m 2 *C / W.

The construction with the use of expanded clay concrete block with mineral wool slab insulation, with a thickness of 50 mm, does not comply with SNiP "Thermal Protection of Buildings".