Compact heating systems for industrial premises. Air heating systems for industrial premises

Industrial premises, workshops, warehouses, due to their spacious size and taking into account climatic conditions Russia, often need a solution to such topical issue as optimal heating. The word "optimal" means the price/reliability/comfort ratio that is appropriate for an industrial building.

That's what we'll talk about in our article.

In general, creating a heating scheme for industrial premises is a rather difficult task. This is due to the fact that each individual production facility is built for specific technological processes, and has a very large size and height.

Plus, the equipment that is used in production sometimes complicates the laying of pipes for ventilation or heating. But, despite this, the heating of industrial buildings is an important function, which is impossible to do without.

And that's why:

well-thought-out heating system provides comfortable conditions labor for employees and directly affects their performance;
it protects equipment from hypothermia, which can cause damage, which in turn will lead to monetary costs for repairs;
warehouses must also have an appropriate microclimate so that the goods produced retain their original appearance.

Note!
By choosing a simple, but at the same time reliable heating system, you will reduce the cost of its repair and maintenance.
Plus, to control it, it will take much fewer employees.

Choosing a heating system for industrial premises

For heating industrial buildings, central heating systems (water or air) are most often used, but in some cases it is more rational to use local heaters.

But in any case, when choosing a production heating system, you need to rely on the following criteria:

The area and height of the room;
The amount of heat energy needed to maintain the optimum temperature;
The ease of maintenance of heating equipment, as well as its suitability for repair.

And now let's try to deal with the positive and negative sides that the types of heating of industrial premises mentioned above have.

Central water heating

The source of the heat resource is the central heating system, or a local boiler house. Water heating consists of a boiler, (radiators or convectors) and pipelines. The liquid heated in the boiler is transferred to the pipes, while giving off heat to the heaters.

Water heating industrial buildings can be:

Single-pipe - here it is impossible to regulate the water temperature.
Two-pipe - here temperature control is possible and is carried out thanks to thermostats and radiators installed in parallel.

As for the central element of the water system (that is, the boiler), it can be:

gas;
liquid fuel;
solid fuel;
electric;
combined.

You need to choose based on the possibilities. For example, if it is possible to connect to a gas main, a gas boiler would be a good option. But keep in mind that the price of this type of fuel increases every year. In addition, there may be interruptions in central system gas supply, which will not benefit the manufacturing enterprise.

Requires a separate secure room and fuel storage tank. In addition, you will have to regularly replenish fuel reserves, which means taking care of transportation, unloading - additional costs. Money, labor force and time.

Solid fuel boilers are unlikely to be suitable for heating industrial premises, except perhaps small in footage. The operation and maintenance of a solid fuel unit is a rather laborious process (fuel loading, regular cleaning of the furnace and chimney from ash).

True, at present there are automated solid fuel models that do not need to be loaded with fuel with your own hands; a special one has been developed for this. automatic system fence. Also, automated models allow you to set the desired temperature.

However, you still have to take care of the firebox. Pellets, sawdust, wood chips are used here as fuel, and when manually laying, also firewood. Although this type of boiler involves labor-intensive operation, it is the most inexpensive.

Electric boilers are also not the best option for big industrial enterprises, since the spent electricity costs a decent "penny". But the heating of industrial premises of 70 square meters in this way is quite acceptable. However, do not forget that in our country, periodic power outages for several hours are a common occurrence.

As for combined boilers, they can be called truly universal units. If you have chosen a water heating system and want to get efficient and uninterrupted heating of production as a result, then take a closer look at this option.

Although the combined boiler costs several times more than the previous units, it gives a unique opportunity - to practically not depend on external problems (interruptions in the centralized heating system, gas supply and electricity supply). Such units are equipped with two or more burners for different types of fuel.

Built-in types of burners are the main parameter for dividing combined boilers into subgroups:

Gas-fired heating boiler- you can not be afraid of interruptions in gas supply and rising fuel prices;
Gas-diesel- provide high heating power and comfort in a large area;
Gas-diesel-wood- has extended functionality, but it has to be paid for with lower efficiency and low power;
Gas-diesel-electricity- a very effective option;
Gas-diesel-wood-electricity- improved unit. It can be said that it provides complete independence from possible external problems.

Everything is clear with boilers, now let's see if water heating in production fits the selection criteria that we initially outlined. It should immediately be said that the heat capacity of water, compared to the heat capacity of the same air, is several thousand times greater (at normal air (70°C) and water (80°C) temperatures in the heating system).

In this case, the water consumption for the same room will be thousands of races less than the air consumption. And this means that less connecting communications will be required, which, of course, is a big plus, given the design of industrial premises.

Note!
The water heating system allows you to control the temperature: for example, you can set the on-duty heating of production (+10 ° C) during non-working hours, and set a more comfortable temperature during working hours.

air heating

This type is the very first artificial space heating. So air heating systems have been proving their effectiveness for quite a long time and, it should be noted, are in constant demand.

All this thanks to the following positive aspects:

Air heating assumes the absence of radiators and pipes, instead of which air ducts are installed.
Air heating shows more high level Efficiency compared to the same water heating system.
The air in this case is heated evenly, throughout the volume and height of the room.
The air heating system can be combined with the system supply ventilation and air conditioning, which allows you to get clean air instead of heated.
It is impossible not to mention the regular change and cleaning of the air, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being and performance of employees.

In order to save money, it is better to choose combined industrial air heating, which consists of natural and mechanical air induction. What does it mean?

The word "natural" means the intake of already warm air from environment (warm air everywhere, even when it's -20°C outside). Mechanical impulse is when the air duct takes cold air from the environment, heats it up and delivers it to the room.

For heating a large area, air heating systems for industrial premises are perhaps the most rational option. And in some cases, for example, in chemical plants, air heating is the only permitted type of heating.

infrared heating

How to heat a production room without resorting to traditional methods? With the help of modern infrared heaters. They work according to the following principle: radiators generate radiant energy over the heated area and transfer heat to objects, from which the air is heated in turn.

Information! The functionality of infrared heaters can be compared with the Sun, which also heats the earth's surface with the help of infrared waves, and as a result of heat transfer from the surface, air is heated.

This principle of operation eliminates the accumulation of heated air under the ceiling and, as a result, large temperature drops, which is very attractive for heating industrial enterprises, since most of them have high ceilings.

IR heaters are divided into the following types according to the installation site:

ceiling;
floor;
wall;
portable floor.

By type of emitted waves:

shortwave;
medium wave or light (their operating temperature is 800 ° C, so during operation they emit soft light);
long-wavelength or dark (they do not emit light even at their operating temperature of 300-400 ° C).

By type of energy consumed:

electrical;
gas;
diesel.

Gas and diesel infrared systems are more profitable and their efficiency is 85-92%. However, they burn oxygen and change the humidity in the air.

Type heating element:

Halogen- the only drawback is that if dropped or hit hard, the vacuum tube can break;
Carbon– the main heating element is made of carbon fiber and placed in a glass tube. The biggest plus compared to other IR devices is lower power consumption (about 2.5 times). When falling or strong blow possible breakage of the quartz tube.
Shadow;
Ceramic– the heating element is made of ceramic tiles collected in one reflector.
The principle of operation is the flameless combustion of the gas-air mixture inside the ceramic tile, as a result of which it heats up and transfers heat to surrounding surfaces, objects, people.

IR heaters are most often used for heating:

industrial premises;
commercial and sports facilities;
warehouses;
workshops;
factories;
greenhouses, greenhouses;
livestock farms;
private and apartment buildings.

Advantages of infrared heating:

First of all, it should be noted that IR heaters are the only type of devices that allow zone or spot heating. Thus, different temperature conditions can be maintained in different parts of the production facility. Zone heating can be used to heat workplaces, parts on a conveyor, engines in a car, young animals on livestock farms, etc.
As mentioned above, IR heaters heat surfaces, objects and people, but do not affect the air itself. It turns out that the circulation air masses is absent, which means that there is no loss of heat and drafts and, as a result, less colds and allergic reactions.
The low inertia of infrared heaters allows you to feel the effect of their action immediately after starting, without preheating premises.
Infrared heating is very economical due to its high efficiency and low power consumption (up to 45% less energy than with traditional ways). Probably, it is not necessary to explain that this significantly reduces the financial costs of the enterprise and quickly pays off all the funds invested in infrared heating.
Infrared heaters are durable, lightweight, take up little space, they are easy to install (each product comes with detailed instructions for installation) and they practically do not require Maintenance during operation.
Infrared heaters are the only type of heating devices that can provide effective local heating (that is, without resorting to centralized heating systems).

Finally

Finally, I would like to suggest that you familiarize yourself with the photo table, which indicates the specific heating characteristic of industrial buildings.

We examined the main types of heating industrial premises. Which will be the most optimal in your case - it's up to you. And we hope that this article has become useful for you. You will find additional information on this topic in a specially selected video material.

There is no doubt that the heating of industrial premises has always been a non-standard task, to put it mildly. And this is not surprising, since each such room was erected strictly for a specific technological process, and its dimensions, unlike residential or household premises, are sometimes simply impressive. Quite often there are even industrial buildings, total area which even reaches several thousand (!) square meters. The height of the ceilings in them can be seven to eight meters, but there are those that reach an incredible twenty to twenty-five meters. What is characteristic work zone in them, which really needs heating, does not exceed a couple of meters.

So how can you heat an industrial building? Is there any point in using traditional methods- water or air heating, for example - and will it give any effect? After all, their efficiency, if we consider it from the point of view of such a huge building, is low, and the cost of maintenance, on the contrary, is high. Yes, and hundreds of meters of the pipeline will soon become covered with rust, because an industrial building is a large number of stray current.

So what is the best choice? Which method, which heating of industrial buildings and premises will suit us best? Let's try to figure this out together.

Types of heating of industrial buildings, workshops and warehouses

Among the features of heating such premises, I would like to highlight the following:

Heating equipment should be used as efficiently as possible.
The need for heating a room with large areas.
Heaters are required to heat not only the air inside, but also outside. Their location does not matter.

The choice of one or another heating method should be influenced not only by the characteristics of the heat source, but also, say, by the specifics of the production process, the financial side of the issue, and so on. Now let's look at the positives and negatives of each type.

Steam heating

This kind of heating is used for industrial buildings. It has both pluses and minuses.

Advantages

Permanently heat air (from one hundred degrees and above).
You can heat a room in record time, as well as cool it if necessary.
The number of storeys of buildings does not matter, steam heating is acceptable for any number of floors.
heating equipment, and the main pipeline, are of small size.

Important! The steam system is well suited for heating industrial premises, much more than, say, heating with water. Ideal for occasional heating.

Flaws

The main disadvantage is the strong noise performance during operation.
In addition, the steam flow, and hence the heat transfer, cannot be controlled.

approximate cost such heating in one season can be from 32 to 86 thousand rubles, depending on the selected fuel. An average industrial building was taken, with a total area of approximately 500 meters and a ceiling height of 3 meters.

It is undesirable to install steam heating in buildings where aerosol or dust, as well as combustible gases, are released.

Water heating

If water heating is chosen, the heat source can be a local boiler house or district heating. The main component of such a system is a boiler that can run on gas, solid fuel, and even electricity. But it's best to use either gas (about 80 thousand per season), or hard coal (about 97 thousand), since other options will cost more, which raises doubts about the appropriateness of their use.

Features of water heating

High pressure.
Heat.
It is used mainly as a "standby" heating of the building, with a temperature set to plus 10. Of course, if it does not contradict the production technology.

air heating

Air heating of industrial premises can be both local and centralized. It is characterized by the following features:

Air is always moving.
Hence, it is periodically changed and cleared.
The temperature is distributed evenly throughout the room.
All this is absolutely safe for the human body.

Through the ducts, the heated air enters the building, where it mixes with the existing air and acquires the same temperature. In order to minimize energy costs, most of the air is cleaned with filters, heated back up and released into the room.

But outside air is also supplied, in accordance with sanitary standards. But if some harmful or toxic substances are released during production, then the recycling procedure will already be in question. In this case, the heat extract air must be disposed of.

If local air heating is used, then the heat source should be located in the very center of the building (these can be heat guns, VOA and others). But in this case, only indoor air, fresh from the outside does not come.

One of the ways to heat large areas is air-heating units, about them

Heating with electricity

If the area of the industrial premises is insignificant, then in order to create maximum comfort for workers, you can acquire infrared emitters, which are mainly installed in warehouses.

The main devices are the so-called thermal curtains. The cost of heating with electricity is about 500 thousand rubles per season.

Radiant heating in the form of ceiling panels is used not only in industrial facilities, but also, for example, in greenhouses, and even in apartment buildings.

The essential difference between such systems is that they warm up not only the air, but also the walls, the floor, all objects and people in the building. The air is not heated at all, and therefore does not circulate, thus avoiding allergies or colds among employees.

Among the advantages of ceiling systems, we would highlight the following:

Such systems have a long service life.
However, they take up very little space.
They weigh a little, so installation is extremely simple and quick. Also, they can be suitable for any room.

Especially the use of such systems is advisable under the condition of an insufficient amount of electricity. Moreover, the speed of heating the room is also an important factor, and radiant panels are ideal here.

Without a doubt, radiant heaters are best suited for heating industrial buildings.

Video

Scheme of heating industrial premises

Despite the above, we will not use radiant heating for our scheme. The fact is that most of the industrial buildings are still Soviet-style, with large heat losses. They need the most inexpensive heating option, preferably using alternative fuels.

So, the average volume of such buildings is 5760 cubic meters, and in order to make up for the losses, a power of 108 kilowatts per hour is required. These are very approximate figures, which depend on a number of factors. We only note that we should have another 30% power reserve. Our fuel is wood and pellets.

In order to get the power we need, about 40 kilograms of fuel per hour are required, and if the production has an eight-hour working day (plus an hour break), then 360 kilograms of fuel will be required per day. On average, the heating season is 150 days, which means that in total we will need 54 tons of firewood. But this value is maximum.

Now let's calculate the cost. (see table)

The calculations were based on the fact that we would need 25 tons of fuel for the season. If we heat it with gas, then we will need it for 260,000 rubles, and electricity - for all 360,000 rubles.

SNiP norms for heating industrial premises

There are a lot of general provisions of SNiP, and they are painted very extensively. We intend to highlight only their essence.

Heating of industrial premises should be designed taking into account heat losses, heat costs for heating air, objects, equipment. Permissible heat loss - no more than three degrees of difference between the temperature inside and outside.
The maximum allowable coolant parameters are 90 degrees and 1.0 MPa.
It is desirable to use only water as a heat carrier, all other materials should be technically justified.
If it is heated by electricity, then it is necessary that all equipment meets the requirements.
Heating of landings is not designed.
If one employee has more than 50 square meters of floor, then in permanent workplaces there must be the previously indicated temperature, and in non-permanent ones - at least 10 degrees.
Gas equipment can only be used when the products of combustion are removed closed.

In the cold season, the interior of industrial buildings of any size needs to maintain a normal temperature. For heating industrial premises, several types of heating systems are usually used. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Which option to choose will depend on the object, its area and purpose.

Due to the harsh climate of Russia during the cold seasons, production facilities must be heated, maintaining them. To create normal conditions will have to make a lot of effort. This is due to the large size of the buildings, the performance of certain works and placed in them technological equipment. All these factors complicate the task of installing a heating system.

Despite such difficulties, heating of industrial premises is still provided. The heating system in such buildings performs several important functions:

creates comfortable working conditions for the staff;
serves to protect equipment from temperature extremes, preventing its hypothermia;
comfortable microclimate in the warehouse of products.

Heating and cooling of high rooms. Hoval Air-Injector

The areas of industrial buildings vary in size and range from tens to several thousand square meters. Such buildings usually have very high ceilings, and the work area that needs heating is small sizes. Unlike residential buildings and apartments, industrial heating has its own characteristics.

Equipment for heating industrial premises should be as efficient as possible. The zone of its location in the building does not matter regarding aesthetics. There are buildings in which it is necessary to heat a certain area, but there are also those where it is necessary to heat the entire area. Consideration of heat losses is of great importance. The heating system is selected depending on the type and purpose of the room.

When performing calculations for autonomous heating of industrial premises and enterprises, it must be taken into account that a constant temperature must be maintained in them without sudden jumps. In some places there is a need to create separate zones with different levels of heat. When calculating a particular type of system, one must rely on the following criteria:

All these factors will help determine the need for thermal energy for industrial and industrial buildings. For calculation heating systems you need to use a special table. It is also necessary to take into account the specifics of production, the availability of fuel, its cost, and heat engineering calculations.

Several heating systems for industrial buildings are now offered. The most effective are:

steam;
water;
air;
electrical.

Heating large rooms

When choosing any of these options, you need to focus on the dimensions of the building, ease of installation and the availability of repairs if necessary. It is also important to calculate the amount of thermal energy that will be spent to maintain a certain temperature regime.

All of the above types of heating have their advantages and disadvantages. When choosing a project, technological processes must be taken into account. People working in the workshops will not be able to stay indoors if the temperature in it drops below 10 ° C. Warehouses usually contain finished products. Its quality may suffer from temperature changes, so it needs to create a certain microclimate.

Heating with steam is different in that it cannot be installed in rooms where there are emissions of combustible gases, aerosols or a constant source of dust. For example, in the production paving slabs such a heating system will not work. For other businesses, steam heating has its advantages. This is, for example, a high temperature, which is kept constantly. It is able to warm up the room very quickly, but the building also cools down quickly. To maintain heat, the number of floors in the building does not matter. This type can be called ideal for periodic heating.

Except positive sides, steam heating has its drawbacks. The equipment makes a lot of noise during operation. The second disadvantage is that it is very difficult to regulate heat transfer and the amount of steam. Price heating season will depend on frequency of use and type of fuel.

In heating with hot water, the main component is the boiler. It tends to work on many types of energy carriers:

electricity;
liquid or solid fuel;
combined view;

The most economical fuel option is gas and coal. Other types of consumption will cost more, which is less beneficial for heating industrial buildings.

Water heating has its own characteristics. It stands out under high pressure, when using it, it is possible to maintain the required temperature level so that the structure does not freeze through. If during operation the temperature mark drops to 0 ° C, then the installation may fail. When the heating equipment is not in use, antifreeze must be added.

The main advantage of such a system is fast heating. However, besides this plus, there are many disadvantages. For example, with high ceilings in industrial buildings, hot air will rise to the top, while cold air will remain at the bottom. With such heating, a lot of electricity is consumed, the air becomes dry, so it is necessary to humidify it to a normal state.

With the help of electrical appliances, you can use the most different systems. Now more and more modern developments are being used. For example, infrared emitters great for storage areas.

They also install thermal curtains, due to which the cold does not get inside the buildings. However, in spite of everything positive traits, with the help of these devices it will not be possible to warm up the entire area, and when using additional equipment material costs will be high.

Ceiling systems are considered the most effective. This innovative technology of radiant installations allows you to warm up the walls, floors and ceilings of any premises. During operation, the local zone is rapidly heated, and this type of equipment occupies a minimum area. Infrared heating does not need to be reconstructed for a long time, the installation of this system is quick and simple (it is sometimes installed in the form wall panels). According to many experts, radiant heaters are the most acceptable option for heating industrial buildings and premises.

Heating of industrial premises has its own characteristics, because the area of buildings is large, the ceilings are high, and the zone of required thermal comfort is often limited. Water heating, which is most often equipped in residential buildings, is not always suitable for heating spacious retail, industrial areas, warehouses, hangars, etc. It is necessary to ensure that the heat is in the lower part of the premises - at a height of up to 2-3 m. Warm air flows up, and the owners involuntarily heat 70-80% of the "extra" volume. How to ensure economical heating industrial premises?

Industrial buildings cover hundreds of square meters, so conventional heating systems are inefficient and too expensive.

Heating options for spacious non-residential buildings

For heating large areas, three main types of systems are usually used:

water;
air;
radiant.

Water heating refers to systems using radiators. They are beneficial due to the wide selection of heating devices. But at the same time, many owners of premises are not satisfied with the irrational use of space, high costs and energy costs, and high thermal inertia. Systems are not suitable for many retail outlets and warehouses, because radiators take up space near the walls, where it is convenient to place shelving. Air and radiant heating are more popular, so we will consider in detail exactly their arrangement.

Air heating system shopping center

Air heating of industrial premises

This method of heating production areas became popular back in the 70s. The principle of operation is based on air heating by heat generators, water or steam heaters. Air through the collectors enters those areas where it is necessary to maintain the desired temperature. To distribute air flows, special distribution heads or blinds are installed. This is far from an ideal method of heating, it has significant drawbacks, but it is used quite widely.

Central and zonal systems

Depending on the needs of building owners, uniform heating of the entire room or individual zones can be equipped. Central air heating is a device that takes air from outside, heats it up and delivers it to the premises. The main disadvantage of this type of system is the inability to control the temperature in individual rooms of the building.

Zone heating allows you to create the desired temperature in each room. To do this, a separate heating device (most often a gas convector) is installed in each room, which maintains the desired temperature. The zonal system is cost-effective, as it uses exactly as much energy as is needed for heating, and wasteful costs are minimized. During installation, there is no need to lay air ducts.

An experienced specialist should determine the appropriate type of system and calculate the air heating of the production room. The following factors are taken into account:

heat losses;
the required temperature regime;
the amount of heated air;
power and type of air heater.

Advantages and disadvantages

Important benefits can be considered a quick warm-up of the air, the possibility of combining heating with ventilation. The disadvantage is associated with a well-known law of physics: warm air rises. A warmer zone is created under the ceiling than at the level of human growth. The difference can be several degrees. For example, in workshops with ceilings 10 m high below, the temperature can be 16 degrees, and in the upper part of the room - up to 26. To maintain the desired thermal regime, the system must work constantly. Such inappropriate energy consumption forces owners to look for other methods of heating buildings.

Scheme of air heating of industrial premises

Radiant heating – economical systems for large industrial buildings

To heat industrial premises, "light" and "dark" infrared heaters are installed. Natural or liquefied gas is used as a heat source. In buildings where for some reason it is impossible to install gas equipment, suspended radiant panels are mounted.

Features of the operation of different types of infrared heaters

In "light" heaters, gas is burned using a special burner, the surface temperature of which can reach 900 degrees. A red-hot burner provides the necessary radiation. "Dark" heaters (they are also called "pipe" according to the type of design) are emitters with reflectors that are designed to direct radiant energy to the desired areas of the premises. Tubular infrared devices heat up less (up to 500 degrees) and are characterized by less hard radiation, which greatly expands their scope.

Suspended radiant panels are universal, they are widely used in categorical, industrial and warehouse premises of all types. The systems operate with the help of an intermediate heat carrier "steam/water". Water in the appliances is heated to 60-120 degrees, and steam - up to 100-200. Today it is the most convenient and economical way of heating industrial premises and enterprises.

Pros and cons of radiant heating

Infrared heaters have the following indisputable advantages:

quick heating of the premises (15-20 minutes);
the possibility of creating warm zones in unheated premises;
no energy loss for heating the “extra” area”;
minimum heat losses in systems operating without heat carrier;
savings on maintenance, since there is no need to change filters, check, repair pumps, etc.;
comfortable microclimate: the air does not dry out, the floor heats up and serves as a secondary source of heat.

Do not install infrared heaters:

if the ceiling height is below 4 m;
in industries where radiation affects product quality or technological processes;
in the premises of fire categories A, B.

How does an infrared heater work?

conclusions

Infrared heating systems for industrial premises are more economical and convenient to use than air ones. Radiant heating appliances do not contribute to the spread of dust, create thermal zones at the height of human growth, do not dry the air. Radiation heats the floor, making people in the rooms feel more comfortable. At the same time, there are buildings where radiant heating is not applicable, and air heating will be optimal for them.