Washing machine with preheating. How to reduce heat loss of water in the pool

general characteristics

As a rule, the water supplied to the boiler from the deaerator has a temperature of 105 °C. The water inside the boiler has more high pressure and temperature. The water entering the boiler consists of return condensate, as well as make-up water to make up for losses. Heat recovery is possible by preheating the feed water, which reduces fuel costs.

Preheating can be organized in four ways:

• using waste heat (e.g. from a process): the feed water can be heated by the available waste heat flow, for example using a water/water heat exchanger;
• using an economizer: the economizer ((1) in the figure) is a heat exchanger that reduces fuel consumption by transferring heat flue gases feed water entering the boiler;
• using deaerated feed water: in addition to the above methods, it is possible to preheat the condensate entering the deaerator ((2) in the figure) due to the heat of the deaerated water. The feed water coming from the condensate collection tank ((3) in the figure) is at a lower temperature than the water that has already been deaerated. With the help of a heat exchanger, it is possible to organize the transfer of part of the heat from the deaerated feed water to the condensate entering the deaerator. As a result, the temperature of the deaerated feed water entering the economizer ((1) in the figure) is lower. This contributes to a more efficient use of the heat of flue gases and a decrease in their temperature, since heat transfer occurs at a greater temperature difference. At the same time, this makes it possible to reduce the steam consumption for deaeration, since the temperature of the condensate entering the deaerator is higher;

Rice. Feed water preheating

• by installing a heat exchanger at the deaerator inlet to preheat the incoming feed water by condensing the steam used for deaeration.

These measures can contribute to an overall increase in energy efficiency (EFI), i.e., reduce fuel consumption to produce a certain amount of steam.

Environmental benefits

The amount of energy savings that can be achieved through these measures depends on the temperature of the flue gases (or the process, the heat of which is used for heating), the choice of heat exchange surfaces and, to a large extent, the steam pressure.

It is widely believed that the use of an economizer can increase the efficiency of steam production by 4%. To ensure continuous operation of the economizer, the water supply must be regulated.

Impact on various components of the environment

Possible disadvantages of these four methods include the fact that their implementation requires additional space for installation of equipment, and the possibilities for their use are reduced as the complexity of technological processes increases.

Production information

According to manufacturers, economizers with a nominal power of 0.5 MW are widely used. Finned tube economizers can be rated up to 2 MW or more. In the case of a rated power of more than 2 MW, about 80% of the delivered water-tube boilers are equipped with economizers, since their use pays off even with one-shift operation (with a system load of 60 - 70%).

As a rule, the flue gas temperature is approximately 70 ºC higher than the saturated steam temperature. For typical industrial steam boilers, the flue gas temperature is 180 °C. The lower temperature limit for these gases is determined by the respective acid dew point, which depends on the fuel used and in particular on its sulfur content. This value is approximately 160 °C for heavy fuel oil, 130 °C for light fuel oil, 100 °C for natural gas and 110 ºC for solid waste. In boilers using thermal oil as a heat transfer medium, more intense corrosion takes place, and the design of the economizer must provide for the possibility of replacing the corresponding parts. Corrosion of economizer parts is enhanced if the flue gas temperature drops well below the acid dew point, which can occur if the fuel contains a significant sulfur content.

If the temperature of the gases in the chimney falls below the acid dew point, this will lead to the formation of soot deposits in the chimney if no special measures are taken. As a result, economizers are often equipped with a bypass duct, which allows part of the flue gases to bypass the economizer in the event of an unacceptable decrease in the temperature of the gases in the pipe.

As a rule, every 20-40 ºC decrease in flue gas temperature corresponds to an increase in system efficiency of about 1%. This means that, depending on the gas temperature and the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger, an increase in efficiency of up to 6-7% can be achieved. As a rule, the temperature of the feed water that has passed through the economizer is increased from 103 to about 140 °C.

Applicability

At some existing enterprises, the organization of pre-heating of feed water is associated with significant difficulties. Condensate preheating systems due to the heat of deaerated water are rarely used in practice.

In plants with high capacity steam generating systems, heating the feed water with an economizer is standard practice. However, even in this situation it is possible to achieve an increase in efficiency by up to 1% by increasing the temperature difference. Using waste heat from other processes is also a realistic option for most plants. The potential for effective application of this method also exists in enterprises with a relatively low power of steam generating systems.

Economic aspects

The potential for energy savings from preheating feedwater with an economizer depends on a number of factors, including the needs of the particular plant, chimney conditions, and flue gas characteristics. The return on investment for a given steam system also depends on system run time, actual fuel prices and geographical location enterprises.

In practice, the potential for energy savings as a result of feedwater preheating is as high as several percent of the total energy produced by the steam. Therefore, even for small boilers, it is possible to achieve energy savings of several gigawatt-hours per year. For example, for a 15 MW boiler, savings of approximately 5 GW h/g can be achieved, economic effect in the amount of about 60 thousand euros per year and a reduction in CO 2 emissions of about 1 thousand tons / year. Since the results are proportional to the scale of the installation, large enterprises can achieve greater impact.

In many cases, the temperature of flue gases entering the chimney from the boiler exceeds the temperature of the produced steam by 100-150 ºC. As a rule, every 20-40 ºC decrease in flue gas temperature will increase the efficiency of the boiler by 1%. By utilizing waste heat, the economizer can in many cases reduce fuel consumption by 5-10% and provide its own payback in less than two years. The potential for energy savings by lowering flue gas temperatures is shown in Table 1.

Assuming natural gas as fuel, 15% excess air and flue gas end temperature of 120 °C

Adapted from the "Background Document on Energy Efficiency Best Available Techniques"

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At the end of the 20th century, in the era of global district heating and hot water, geysers in houses were considered a relic and caused considerable concern due to unsafe construction. Currently, devices for preheating domestic water - boilers, are at a new peak in popularity.

Autonomous individual boilers allow not only to have hot water uninterrupted in almost any circumstances, but also significantly rationalize the expenditure of budgetary funds. Kindergartens, schools, clinics and hospitals, small private enterprises successfully provide themselves with vital hot water by installing powerful boilers. Their less powerful counterparts can increasingly be seen in high-rise apartments and country houses. And private cottages and townhouses amaze with the variety of these water heating units.

Types of boilers

The whole variety of modern heating water devices - boilers, can be group like this:

1. According to the energy source used - electric, gas, indirect heating, combined.
2. By material internal coating heating chambers - glass porcelain, stainless steel, titanium coating.
3. According to the installation method - floor, mounted on a crane or wall, mortise.
4. According to the principle of operation - flow and storage.

Flow boilers

Unlimited heating time and output volumes of hot water. As a rule, hot water from such a boiler does not mix with cold water from a neighboring tap and is supplied directly. The outlet temperature depends on its input indicator, the power of the heating element and the pressure of the water. This can bring additional inconvenience because the higher the pressure in a centralized system, the lower the temperature.

There are single phase or three phase. Require a large number electricity and good wiring. They differ in water heating elements: spirals - it is preferable for hard water; Heating elements are more capricious about water quality, but 15% more energy efficient. It is installed on one (maximum two) parsing, actually on the spout at the tap, crashes into the riser or is hung on the wall, in the immediate vicinity of the water distribution point.

Ideal for ensuring uninterrupted washing of dishes in everyday life and at profile points.

Gas flow boilers or columns much more economical than electric ones and much more comfortable to use. Their main advantage over storage systems is the instantaneous heating of an unlimited amount of water and the further possibility of mixing hot and cold before being released into the nozzle. Unlike electric, one gas boiler provides uninterrupted heating of water for all water distribution. These water heaters do not depend on the presence of electricity, if they are equipped with battery ignition. Modern models for small households do not need an additional chimney.

Storage boilers

The absence of specific requirements for electrical wiring and diplomatic prices have provided storage boilers with the highest popularity. With numerous options for the name of such units and regardless of the energy source used: storage, buffer, indirect heating, gas, electric, combined; their essence remains unchanged - the water is first heated to the set temperature in the tank, and then used as needed.

Therefore, before you go to buy such a boiler, you need to decide on its cubic capacity, which depends on the number of family members and water points. Necessary boiler volume, from those proposed, in the range from 15 to 1500 liters, can be calculated in several ways:

According to the formula N x (T - T1): (T2 - T1)

• N = approximately from 4 to 10. This figure characterizes the expected consumption of hot water in liters per minute and depends on the strength of its constant pressure in the central system, varieties of taps, nozzles and their simultaneous use.
• T = desired outlet hot water temperature.
• T1 = temperature at cold water taps.
• T2 = declared hot water temperature in technical passport boiler.

According to ready-made (approximate) calculations:

• 20−50 l - for one person or a small country house;
• 50−100 l - for a family of 3 people;
• 100−150 l - for a family of 4 people;
• from 200 liters and more - for private houses (requires installation in a separate room).

When choosing a storage boiler, you need to pay attention to:

Electric storage boilers are cheaper than gas boilers, but more expensive to operate. Modern electric boilers are supplied with a magnesium anode, which additionally guarantees the protection of the inner layer of the tank from corrosion, but gas boilers will supply hot water even in the absence of electricity. When choosing an electrical modification, choose a powerful heating element(optimally 2 kW) with the optimal length and large cooling area of ​​the “dry” heating element, because the heating time of the entire volume of water directly depends on this, otherwise there is a possibility of overspending electricity up to eight extra hours of work per day.

AT apartment buildings preference is given electric models, therefore, it is necessary to consult a specialist from the Management Company, in order to match the allowable power of existing networks. In case of redevelopment and overhaul approval may be required in the energy supervision and energy sales, and in some cases, coordination with the developer company is required.

Combined boilers and indirect heating devices

Among the owners of large private households, more and more popular are new generation boilers. With the ever-increasing price of energy carriers, it is becoming increasingly inexpedient to heat large premises with gas, and the owners of such housing are switching to more modern ways heating with the help of multi-circuit boilers of a new generation operating on wooden, peat pallets, household waste, vegetable raw materials.

It is this generated heat that is used in boilers for indirect heating of sanitary water. They do not have their own heating element or source in their design. The coolant is supplied to the coil installed in the tank from the main circuit (sometimes from several) and, as a result of heat exchange, the water becomes hot.

In order for the operation of indirect water heaters to become possible even in heating season, in them build in electric heaters s or gas-burners. Thus, the combined boiler ensures uninterrupted generation of hot water using both solid fuels and gas and electricity.

Always hot water and peace to your home!

How to heat the water in the pool - such a question arises among many owners who have created an artificial pond on their site. During the device, this issue is usually overlooked, and it arises only after the first attempts of operation. For comfortable bathing, the water temperature should be at least 22°C, for young children even higher - 28-30°C. Sunlight warms the water rather slowly, especially in spring, and in some regions even in early summer. Water, heated during the day, gives its temperature to the environment at night. Calories spent on heating fly into the atmosphere. Therefore, along with the pool heating device, it is advisable to take care of the thermal insulation of the structure..

Various ways to heat water

When installing a water heating system, the amount of heat required will depend on the volume of the pool. Heat in our time is not free. Any attempt to heat the water in the pool in the country will require certain material costs for fuel or electricity.

All known and applied methods can be divided into two groups:

• temporary devices;
• stationary structures.

Temporary devices include various designs and methods made from available materials for one-time or intermittent pool heating. At the end of the bathing season, they are usually dismantled.

An example is the heating of the pool using a conventional metal wheelbarrow. Firewood is loaded into it, kindled, the wheelbarrow is lowered into the pool. If the depth of the pool is greater than the height of the wheelbarrow, you can give it the necessary buoyancy using floats made of plastic bottles. In this way, you can heat a small pool.

Fixed structures include:

• Heat pump;
• water heat exchangers;
• solar panels;
• storage or instantaneous electric heaters.

Such devices are installed in the water circulation system and used for their intended purpose during the entire period of operation.

It is quite difficult to make a heat pump with your own hands. The industrial product is very expensive. High-quality installation and adjustment work can only be performed by specialists. For these reasons, the heat pump is used quite rarely, mainly for the recreation areas of VIP-class cottages.

Installation of heat exchangers

The heat exchanger is a sealed container with a system of thin-walled pipes made of copper or stainless steel. Hot water from the heating system circulates inside the tubes, cold water from the pool circulation system outside. The water in the pool is heated by heat transfer. Some models of heat exchangers are equipped with an automation system that regulates the heating temperature. The system consists of an additional pump, control valve and thermostat. The thermostat opens and closes the valve according to the set temperature. The owner during operation needs to set the temperature control knob to the desired value.

Power various models heat exchangers is in the range from 10 to 200 kW. You need to choose a model with the required power according to the volume of water for the pool.

When putting the system into operation, it is advisable not to use the maximum parameters. Heating should take place gradually, over a certain time. A sharp temperature drop can affect both the performance of the heat exchanger and the pool. Especially if the interior surface is tiled. After the required temperature is established in the pool, the heat exchanger will switch to the mode of maintaining the necessary parameters, the heat consumption will drop sharply. It is optimal to connect the device in the water circulation system between the pump and the water purification system so that the reagents and filter material do not fall into the containers.

The main problem when installing heat exchangers is the frequency of operation. heating system. With the beginning of the bathing season, the heating season usually ends. This drawback can be eliminated by installing a separate heating water circulation system. In the cold season, the heat exchanger must be disconnected from the heating system, and in the warm season, turn off the heating and start the heat exchanger. For a more rational use of heat during the construction of the pool, it is desirable to arrange bottom heating according to the “warm floor” type.

It is also possible to use a combined design with heating elements built into the heat exchanger. For the initial heating of the pool, you can use all systems, to maintain the temperature, use electric heaters. In the absence of combined heated heat exchangers, a separate electric tank water heater can be installed before or after the heat exchanger.

On sale there are devices of various designs, with a horizontal or vertical installation, a case made of titanium, stainless steel. The installation of all devices of this type for heating the pool with your own hands can be done without any problems.

Solar panels for the pool

Heating of water in the pool in areas with a large number of sunny days can be done using solar collectors. These systems have been known for a long time, but they have received practical application in last years due to the rising cost of energy resources. Especially relevant is the use of such systems for summer cottages with handicapped electricity consumption and low power heating system. (fig.1)

The solar collector functions quite simply. The device is a system of tubes, connecting manifolds and screens. The entire structure is painted matte black. The metal under the sun's rays warms up and transfers heat to the water circulating through the tubes. Operating experience has shown that water can be heated up to 140°C. Such a heater can provide not only heating for the pool, but also hot water supply in the house. For optimal performance, industrial products are equipped with an automation system. When heated to certain temperature the circulation pump turns on, pumping water into the storage tank. When the storage tank is installed above the solar collector, the system can work independently, due to the different density of hot and cold water. To arrange a pool heated by a solar collector, you need to create an additional system for circulating water from a storage tank.

Productivity of industrial modules allows to heat systems with water up to 30 m 3 . This volume is quite enough to provide heating in the pool with your own hands of a small size and provide hot water supply to the cottage. With a larger volume of the pool, you need to increase the number of blocks.

Various automation systems allow you to redirect water through different pipelines. This scheme optimizes the hot water system and heating for the pool.

The disadvantage of using solar collectors is the reduced performance on cloudy and rainy days.

Flowing electric heaters

by the most in a simple way to heat the water in the pool it seems the use of running electric water heaters. (Fig. 2) Everything seems to be quite easy - install the heater in the circulation system, start the pump, plug it into the socket, press the button if available. Moreover, the heaters are designed to work with a continuous flow of water, have small size, convenient connecting fitting. The case is made of materials of high strength and reliability, heating elements have a stainless steel shell. An example is Intex brand heaters.

Despite all of the above, flow heaters have obvious advantages:

• higher heating rate;
• Temperature regulator;
• water pressure control (protection function);
• ease of installation.

Therefore, before installing a flow heater, it is advisable to carefully weigh all the factors and think about an alternative way to heat the pool.

In addition to the methods described, there are various possibilities to arrange heating in the pool yourself.

When creating your own device and method, you need to remember about the safety of work, own security and your loved ones.

Even the use of devices industrial production in abnormal situations can lead to electric shock and accidents of varying severity.

The invention relates to washing machines that heat water. The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption during washing, improving the safety of people around and extending the service life of the sewer. This problem arises in the development and creation of economical and safe washing machines. Washing machine consists of tanks 1 i , i=1.3, solenoid valves 2 i , i=1.6, pumps 3 i , i=1.2. 1 ill.

Drawings to the RF patent 2544141

The invention relates to washing machines that heat water.

There are various washing machines that carry out washing due to the rotation of the drum and the interaction of linen with detergent[S.L. Koryakin-Chernyak. "Washing machines from A to Z" - M .: "Solon-Press",. 2005 - 296 p.], [A.I. Lebedev. Anatomy of washing machines. - M .: "Solon-Press",. 2008 - 120 pp.], consisting of a tank, solenoid valves, a pump, a control device and a heater. Washing consists of the first wash (preliminary) and the second (main).

The disadvantages of such devices are:

The descent of the heated water used in the washing process into the sewer with a high temperature, which leads to premature failure of the sewer pipes and especially seals;

The possibility of burns to people in the bathroom at the time of the flow of heated water if the drain hose is attached to the bathroom.

It is also known a device for preheating water heated for showers using fresh and domestic water, having a heat exchanger, which is connected to the supporting surface of the shower tray. The heat exchanger contains a closed channel for the passage of liquid, communicated with the shower water. Through the heat exchanger passes the drain for domestic water. In order to place the heat exchanger above the shower tray base, the heat exchanger channel is adapted to be placed on the upper side of the shower tray base. The drain passing through the heat exchanger is also made in the form of a channel located above the base of the shower tray (DE, patent 3319638, class E03C 1/044, 1983).

In addition, a shower device with a heat exchanger and a direct-flow heater is also known, which contains a heat exchanger between the water flowing from the shower tray and fresh water entering the electric direct-flow heater and additionally heated in it. The device has a temperature sensor that sets the actual temperature of the fresh water preheated in the heat exchanger. The required electrical output of the once-through heater is set according to the temperature difference between the actual temperature and the set temperature of the shower water determined by the adjuster, as well as according to the fresh water flow (DE, patent 3919543, E03C 1/044, 1990).

The closest in technical design to the proposed device is a device using a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with the engine and provides the necessary water for any of the cycles of the washing program. The water must be taken from an earlier cycle and heated with the heat generated by the engine. The heat exchanger is connected to the tank at one end to transfer heated water to the tank in the appropriate cycle. The heat generated by the engine that drives the drum is used to heat the water inside the heat exchanger [Patent No. 2401346, Russia, 2007. Washing machine / OZYURT Bekir (TR), KANDEMIR Nihat (TR), DORA Murat (TR)] disadvantage this device is a small amount of thermal energy released by a modern electric motor, and, accordingly, the impossibility of heating the required amount of water (having a sufficiently large heat capacity) to the desired temperature.

The claimed invention is aimed at solving the problem of reducing energy consumption during washing, improving the safety of people around and extending the service life of the sewer.

This problem arises in the development and creation of economical and safe washing machines.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the device containing the first tank, the first pump, the second and third tanks are introduced, six electromagnetic valves, the second pump, the second and third tanks are located below the first tank, there is a heat-conducting medium between the second and third tanks, a water supply pipe through the first solenoid valve it is connected to the first tank, and through the fourth solenoid valve it is connected to the second tank, the first tank through the second solenoid valve is connected to the first pump, and through the third solenoid valve it is connected to the third tank, the second tank is connected to the second pump through the fifth solenoid valve , and the second pump is connected to the first tank, the third tank is connected to the first pump through the sixth solenoid valve.

The functional diagram of the device is shown in the drawing. The washing machine consists of tanks 1 i , i=1.3, solenoid valves 2 i , i=1.6, pumps 3 i , i=1.2.

The second and third tanks 1 2 and 1 3 are located below the first tank 1 1 for the possibility of draining water from the first tank 1 i into the third tank 1 3 . The first tank 1 1 has a heating element for heating water. Between the second tank 1 2 and the third tank 1 3 there is a heat-conducting medium.

The water supply pipe through the first solenoid valve 2 1 is connected to the first tank 1 1 and through the fourth solenoid valve 2 4 is connected to the second tank 1 2 .

The first tank 1 1 through the second solenoid valve 2 2 is connected to the first pump 3 1 , and through the third solenoid valve 2 3 is connected to the third tank 1 3 .

The second tank 1 2 through the fifth solenoid valve 2 5 is connected to the second pump 3 2 and the second pump 3 2 is connected to the first tank 1 1 .

The third tank 1 3 through the sixth solenoid valve 2 6 is connected to the first pump 3 1 .

The device operates as follows in accordance with the steps of washing clothes.

1. tap water through the first solenoid valve 2 1 enters the first tank 1 1 for the first wash.

2. Tap water through the fourth solenoid valve 2 4 enters the second tank 1 2 for preheating.

3. In the process of washing, the water in the first tank 1 1 is heated to the required temperature, washing is carried out and, at the end of it, the water is drained from the first tank 1 1 through the third solenoid valve 2 3 into the third tank 1 3 . Heat exchange takes place between the second tank 1 2 and the third tank 1 3 , leading to an increase in the temperature in the second tank 1 2 and a decrease in the temperature in the third tank 1 3 .

4. Tap water through the first solenoid valve 2 1 enters the first tank 1 1 for rinsing.

5. At the end of the rinse cycle, water is drained from the first tank 1 1 into the sewer through the second solenoid valve 2 2 and the first pump 3 1 .

6. During rinsing and spinning, the water in the second tank 1 2 heated up (preheating), and in the third tank 1 3 cooled down. The water heated in the second tank 1 2 through the fifth solenoid valve 2 5 is pumped by the second pump 3 2 into the first tank 1 1 and, if necessary, is additionally heated. Then the second wash is carried out.

7. Water is drained from the third tank 1 3 through the sixth solenoid valve 2 6 and the first pump 3 1 into the sewer. The temperature of the drained water from the third tank 1 3 is already lower than it was when it came from the first tank 1 1 immediately after the end of the first wash.

8. At the end of washing, the water is drained from the first tank 1 1 , rinsed and spun.

Thus, the second tank 1 2 preheats the water for the second wash and simultaneously cools the water in the third tank 1 3 used in the first wash, which leads to a reduction in energy consumption during the washing process, an extension of the service life of the sewage system and an increase in safety when using a washing machine. .

The simplicity of water preheating based on the heat exchange of two tanks makes water preheating promising for use in washing machines.

CLAIM

Washing machine with preheating, containing the first tank, the first pump, characterized in that the second and third tanks are introduced into it, six solenoid valves, the second pump, the second and third tanks are located below the first tank, there is a heat-conducting medium between the second and third tanks, the water supply pipe is connected to the first tank through the first solenoid valve, and through the fourth solenoid valve it is connected to the second tank, the first tank is connected to the first pump through the second solenoid valve, and to the third tank through the third solenoid valve, the second tank is connected to the second tank through the fifth solenoid valve. the second pump, and the second pump is connected to the first tank, the third tank is connected to the first pump through the sixth solenoid valve.

Swimming pools are gaining popularity every year. Owners of private houses and suburban areas are increasingly installing pools - it is convenient, prestigious and relatively affordable. At the stage of planning the purchase and design of the pool, it is necessary to solve a number of issues related to water heating. After all, you want to use the pool not only in the hot summer, but also in the cold season.

There are special devices that heat the water in the pool to the optimum temperature. Among themselves, they differ in the principle of operation, efficiency of use, economy of work and cost.

Pool water heating systems

Heating of water is necessary both for the pools located indoors, and for open pools. Of course, in the summer, the water in the pool will warm up quite well from direct sunlight, but with the approach of autumn, when the nights become cold and the days are getting shorter, there is a need for additional heat sources.

For comfortable swimming in the pool (depending on the category of "bathers"), the water temperature should have the following indicators:

• for active, sports games - 22 degrees;
• for children - 28-30 degrees;
• for adults - 24-26 degrees;
• for the elderly - at least 26 degrees.

It is possible to maintain the optimal temperature of the water in the pool with the help of special heating devices, the choice of which determines the heating system.

Pool water heating systems can be divided into two types:

• heating due to electric heater;
• heating by heat exchange.

The heating system based on heat exchange includes:

• heat exchangers operating on the basis of solar energy;
• heat exchangers in which the main source of heat is central system water supply, heating boiler;
• heat exchangers using other heat sources (heat pump).

Based on the calculation of water heating in the pool, which will take into account all the design and operation features, a water heating system for the pool is selected.

Devices for heating water: the principle of operation, advantages and disadvantages

instantaneous electric heater - the best option for a small pool

An electric pool heater is perhaps the easiest and most affordable way to heat water. The main purpose of the device is to heat a continuous flow of water with minimal pressure fluctuation.

The principle of operation of the heater: water circulates through the housing in which the heating elements are located. The body of the heater is made of stainless steel, titanium or high-quality plastic, and the heating elements are made of durable stainless steel alloys that can withstand high temperatures. An electric heater is installed behind the filtering equipment, so the water enters the pool already purified.

To accommodate thermal equipment, a separate large room is not required, since the heater has compact dimensions - a small covered booth is enough.

buying, instantaneous water heater for the pool, you should pay attention to the following parameters.

1. Device power (3-18 kW). Some models are designed for connection through a three-phase network. For indoor indoor pools, the heater power is calculated based on 0.3-0.5 kW per 1 sq.m. pools, for open - 0.5-1 kW.
2. Maximum heating temperature. For most instantaneous electric heaters for pools, this figure is 30-40 degrees.
3. Flow volume and working pressure.
4. The presence of protective and control devices (overheating protection sensor, thermostat and flow sensor), which will protect the device from damage.
5. Materials for the manufacture of an electric heater. Heaters made of stainless steel are considered more durable.

It should be borne in mind that with significant heat losses (open-type pools or pools located in unheated premises) electricity consumption increases significantly

The power of flow heaters is not enough for large pools with a volume of more than 35 cubic meters, especially if such a pool is located on the street. In addition, such a unit cannot be used in a house with limited energy consumption or “weak” wiring.

Small heaters (power 3 kW) are often used to heat water in Intex pools and other inflatable and frame pools.

At the same time, it is important to remember that it is strictly forbidden to be in the pool during the operation of the heater!

Advantages of flow heaters:

• water heating occurs quickly enough;
• The thermostat can be used to control the temperature of the water;
• in the absence of water, a flow sensor is activated that turns off the water heating;
• compact dimensions of the equipment;
• control system - automated.

Disadvantages of an electric heater:

• significant cash costs for heating water (high electricity consumption);
• low power;
• Not all homes have the ability to install this system.

Solar collectors - an innovative approach to pool heating

The sun is an inexhaustible source of heat that can be effectively used to heat water in outdoor and indoor pools.

Many people think that for an outdoor pool, the heat from direct sunlight is enough. However, this statement is only true when the pool is located in a sunny area. And if it is located under a canopy or indoors? With the use of solar systems, solar heating of water in the pool becomes more adjustable.

The solar water heating system consists of three main elements:

• solar collector (tubes interconnected on a large screen);
• pump filter;
• control valve.

The mechanism of action of the solar system is quite simple. In intense sunlight, the sensors command the automatic diverter valve to direct the flow of water from the pool through the collector heat exchanger. Inside the heat exchanger, water will be heated due to the heat carrier circulating in a closed solar system (collector tubes).

When the set heating temperature is reached, the water flows back into the pool. If a solar collector cooled down (cloudy weather), then water does not circulate through it.

The solar collector is usually placed on the roof or in a well-lit area.

The following types of solar collectors can be used to heat the water in the pool:

• highly selective flat and flat collectors;
• vacuum tube collectors.

Their choice will depend on climatic conditions region, installation location and volume of heated water.

When calculating the dimensions of a solar system (collector area), a number of factors must be taken into account:

• pool parameters;
• pool type (indoor, outdoor);
• pool attendance;
• is the pool covered or not;
• required water heating temperature (minimum and maximum);
• installation location and angle of inclination of the collector.

For an outdoor pool, the installation surface should be about 70-100% of the surface area of ​​the water, for an indoor pool - about 60% of this area

The advantages of solar systems include:

• versatility of use - can be used for heating water in the pool and for supplying a private house with hot water;
• ease of management;
• fast water heating;
• system maintenance costs are virtually non-existent.

Disadvantages of using a "solar" system:

• the heat transfer coefficient of the collector decreases sharply in cloudy weather;
• the purchase of equipment and the installation of a solar system is quite expensive.

Heat exchanger - significant savings on water heating

To heat the water in the pool, heat exchangers are often used, which are connected directly to the heating system of the house.

Outwardly, the heat exchanger resembles a large flask, and inside the device there is a coil through which hot water (coolant) passes. The water from the pool is around the coil, washes it, and heats up.

From the common heating system, water enters the coil thanks to circulation pump whose operation is controlled by a solenoid valve. The valve, in turn, is controlled by a thermostat. The owner of the pool sets the temperature level, and the rest of the process is regulated by automation.

The main criterion for choosing a heat exchanger is its power, which can reach 200 kW. The choice of power directly depends on the volume of the pool.

When the heat exchanger is started for the first time, the required water temperature will be reached only after 28 hours. Such a long and gradual heating is needed to avoid instrumental collapse associated with liquid expansion. Further operation of the device is to maintain the set temperature.

The heat exchanger is placed after the pumping and filtering station, but before the disinfection system, in order to avoid unnecessary contact of the equipment with the chlorine contained in the water. In pools with sea or highly chlorinated water, it is better to install titanium heat exchangers.

Advantages of heat exchangers:

• saving money on water heating;
• high power, which allows the use of devices for heating large pools;
• ease of management (all processes are automated).

The disadvantages of the heat exchanger include prolonged heating of water.

Heat pump - environmental energy as a source of heat for the pool

Using a heat pump is enough new way water heating, the operation of which is based on the principle of multi-stage heat transfer from various heat carriers using condensate, gas compression, etc.

The initial source of heat (of the first stage of heating) can be domestic (industrial) effluents, heat released during flue gas cleaning, heat from groundwater, thermal waters. Any source that is at least slightly above the temperature of the pool water can be used by the heat pump to heat the pool.

The principle of operation of a heat pump is as follows. The working fluid (a mixture of antifreeze and water) is pumped through a pipeline located underground. Due to the soil temperature, the working fluid at the outlet warms up by a couple of degrees, and is sent to the heat exchanger, where it transfers the resulting heat to the refrigerant.

The refrigerant, in contact with the heated liquid, instantly boils - steam is formed, which enters the compressor and is compressed there up to 25 atmospheres. When compressed, there is a sharp rise in temperature to 50-55 degrees. The resulting energy is spent on heating the house or water for the pool.

A significant proportion of energy is wasted on the functioning of the cyclical operation of the system (the refrigerant and the working fluid, having passed through the cooling system, meet and the cycle repeats).

The power of heat pumps is enough to provide full heating not only for the pool, but also for the country cottage as a whole.

Advantages of using heat pumps:

• fast and sufficient heating of water, premises;
• high power;
• use of alternative free heat sources.

To date heat pumps not widely used due to their high cost.

Fuel water heater - the use of gas and liquid fuels to heat water

Fuel heater - equipment that runs on liquid fuel or propane (gas heaters). They are quite efficient and economical, provided that they are used not only to heat the pool water, but to heat the house.

Before using the fuel heater, you will have to solve a number of questions:

• obtaining permission to install equipment;
• registration and proper paperwork;
• installation of a fire-fighting system;
• construction of a chimney;
• control of fuel reserves.

To maintain the optimum water temperature in the pool, the following fuel units can be used:

Advantages of fuel heaters:

• economical fuel consumption;
• the possibility of complex use of the heater (house heating, water heating);
• system automation.

Disadvantages of heaters:

• difficulties in registration, registration and installation;
• high initial costs for the purchase of equipment;
• some systems require annual cleaning.

How to reduce heat loss of water in the pool

The efficiency of any heating installation will increase significantly if timely care is taken to reduce heat losses:

The type, capacity of the heating system and its cost will depend on design features pool. It is better to entrust the installation of equipment to professionals who can guarantee the uninterrupted and safe use of heating elements.