Calculation of stairs online life calculator. Calculators for calculating wooden stairs of various designs

If you are going to make a wooden or metal staircase with your own hands, you need to pay a lot of attention to the calculations. Despite the apparent simplicity, the staircase is a very complex engineering structure, each node of which must be thought out, and together they must create a single ensemble.

The design of a metal / wooden staircase should take into account its functional and decorative component. It will be more difficult to do this, the less experience you have of this kind of work. Since we do not do calculations every day, we need to describe in detail how to calculate the stairs to the second floor of a private house. General principles buildings of wood and metal stairs they do not differ. As the saying goes, "the devil is in the details." It is them that we will consider in detail.

It should be noted that the arrangement of stairs in multi-apartment or office buildings is regulated by many documents. The main ones are GOST 23120-78 Mid-flight stairs, platforms and steel railings and SNiP IV-14-84 Collection 1-14 Stairs.

However, in private houses, the height of which is often limited to two floors, the owner is free to choose the configuration. Although, of course, the basic rules for building stairs must be followed.

Rule 1 - Choosing the location of the stairs in the house

To make a straight staircase in accordance with the standards in a private house is hindered by the limited space. Therefore, many owners prefer complex structures: a mid-flight staircase with a turn or a spiral. Professionals put forward several recommendations on where and how to place the stairs in the house so that it takes up little space.

it is better to place the stairs in the part of the house that is least used. The staircase in the living room creates certain inconveniences;

provide free access to the stairs;

landings are preferable to winder steps. Especially if independent construction is supposed;

consider more first simple options, and only then more complex ones;

keep in mind that you will need to not only walk up the stairs, but also bring in / take out furniture and appliances. It should be easy to use for all family members;

if the space (place) under the stairs in the house is planned to be used, it is better to choose closed structure. And, conversely, an open staircase makes the space more spacious, so it is advisable to use it in rooms;

keep in mind that the installation of a metal staircase in wooden house can be made after the house shrinks. That is, in 1-1.5 years. Otherwise, shrinkage of the house will lead to a violation of the integrity of the structure.

make sure that in the ceiling (ceiling) you can make an opening for the stairs under the exit to the attic, attic. For example, in a monolithic slab, the arrangement of a staircase creates significant difficulties.

How to reduce the size of the opening for the stairs to the second floor?

Useful tips from experienced craftsmen:

20% is possible if a staircase with 180 degree winders is installed;

30% will help the installation of stairs with two marches and a platform. Space savings are achieved due to the fact that the movement changes by 180 °;

by 60% by installing a ladder with steps "duck step";

80% achieved by installing a spiral staircase. In this case, the movement changes by 360°.

Rule 2 - The shape and types of stairs

In a private house, it is possible not to follow the standards and GOSTs so strictly. However, the basic principles for arranging stairs must be observed, since neglecting them may lead to a decrease in the safety of this engineering structure.

Before proceeding with the calculations, you need to know that there are two important factors that will affect the result.

First, it is a design feature.

In terms of design, all stairs can be divided into three types:

marching. Consist of separate marches. They, in turn, are divided into single-march, two or more - multi-march. In addition, a marching staircase can be straight, with a landing or with turns (winder steps).

In private houses, a wooden and metal staircase with winders (with a turn of 90, 180, 360 degrees) is popular.

screw (spiral). In stairs of this type, the steps are twisted around the axis. They are convenient when there is no free space for a march structure in the room. But the construction of a spiral staircase is much more laborious and requires more careful calculation.

folding. They belong to portable structures, so we will skip them, since we will do the calculation for a stationary staircase.

Secondly, it is the shape of the frame.

The frame of the metal and wooden stairs can be made in three versions:

stairs on stringers. The basis of the frame is one or two solid beams, on which steps are laid on top.

ladder on string. The frame consists of two support beams that support the steps on the side.

ladder on rails(from German "pin"). The steps are fixed directly to the wall.

Rule 3 - Calculation of the parameters of the stairs

Many users do not know what to consider in order to calculate the stairs correctly. Professionals say that taking into account the three main parameters will make the design safe, beautiful and easy to use.

Stair parameters are shown in the figure

Ladder height

Height - the distance from the floor of the first floor to the floor (not the ceiling) of the second. Often the upper end of the staircase rests on the ceiling of the first floor. For ease of movement, a clearance is made above such a staircase.

The distance from the step to the ceiling can be calculated as follows: the height of the tallest member of the family is taken and 100 mm is added. The recommended clearance value (working height of the stairs) is 2 m. This value must be constant throughout the entire march.

Note. It is possible to place a ladder in living rooms only if the rooms on the first and second floors are heated. Otherwise, it should be placed in a non-residential area.

Ladder length (march length)

For a traditional marching structure, the length of the stairs is equal to the length of the march or the sum of the lengths of the flights plus the landing between them.

When calculating the length of a spiral staircase or stairs with winders, the average flight length is calculated. In this case, the measurement is performed at a distance of 50 cm from the railing (edge of the span).

The width of the stairs in a private house

Width - the distance of the stairs from the wall or between two handrails. The recommended settings are shown in the diagram.

Ladder width:

1.5 m. - elevated level comfort;

1-1.2 m - comfort zone;

0.8-1 m - allowed only for a flight of stairs located along the wall;

less than 0.8 m. is only appropriate for auxiliary stairs.

The width of the flight stairs with winder steps:

Width of spiral staircase:

1.4 m - comfort zone;

1.1 m is the minimum allowable width.

This is due to the fact that the winder steps narrow towards the central element of the stairs.

Ladder angle (steepness)

The angle of inclination determines the ease of use of the stairs. A too steep staircase saves usable space, while a gentle one makes movement along it more comfortable.

The view of the stairs, depending on the steepness, is shown in Fig. Here you can clearly see at what angle the stairs should be in the living room.

The most comfortable option for movement is in the green zone of the picture.

The material was prepared for the site www.site

Note. At an angle of inclination over 45 °, you can only go down the stairs with your back forward.

As practice shows, most often combined options are used in the house. To understand at what angle to put the handrail on the stairs, you need to draw a parallel between the base of the stairs (kosour, bowstring) and lay a handrail along it. Mathematically, this is a simple calculation of the angle using the Pythagorean theorem.

Number of stairs

The number of steps is not regulated and depends on the height of the stairs and the height of the tread (riser). In two-flight stairs, it is recommended to make the same number of steps in both flights, but in practice the steps are distributed unequally between the flights.

Note. For multi-apartment residential buildings, the number of steps is regulated and is 9-11 steps.

Tread height (distance between stairs)

The most convenient for movement by users is the distance between adjacent steps of 150 mm.

Note. For those who make the stairs with their own hands, it is easy to remove the extra height by adjusting the height of the tread between the last and penultimate steps or between the first and second.

Stair step (step width)

On the step of the stairs you need to lean with a full foot. Therefore, the optimal width of a stair step should be at least 230 mm. (35 size). The minimum allowable width is 100 mm. But frequent walking on such steps is fraught with injuries.

Note. If you increase the width of the step over 650 mm (the average step length of an adult), then when walking on such a ladder, you can go astray and stumble.

You can increase the width of the step by removing the step. In this case, the step should not hang over the previous one by more than 50 mm.

Note. When calculating the width of the stairs, do not forget that the distance between the balusters should be in the range of 100-150 mm. Otherwise, such a fence will be unsafe. In turn, balusters are installed in such a way that the aesthetics of the fence are maintained - one per step, two per step, or otherwise.

Stair rung length

The length of the step is determined by the design of the stairs. If two bowstrings are used as the main structural element, the length of the step corresponds to the distance between them. If kosour (one or two), then the length of the step is determined by the customer.

Rule 4 - Accurate calculation of the dimensions of the stairs

Since all parameters are interconnected, in order to calculate them, it is enough to have basic knowledge of geometry. We will show how to calculate the stairs using an example.

Example 1. Calculation of the length of the stairs and the width of the opening

In this case, the calculation is simple and suitable for those who have a lot of free space in the room.

How to calculate the length of the stairs in the house

It is defined as follows. To the height of the room of 3000 mm, the width of the ceiling of 200 mm is added. The resulting value is 3200 mm. divide by 160 mm (recommended riser height) we get the number 20. I.e. the staircase will contain 20 steps.

Based on the fact that the recommended step width is 300 mm, the length of the stairs should be 6000 mm (20 steps of 300 mm each). Or, if the step is taken out by 50 mm, then the length of the stairs will be 5000 mm (20 steps by 250 mm (300 mm - 50 mm)).

How to calculate the width of the stair opening

It is defined as follows: 1900 (recommended clearance value) is subtracted from 3000 mm (room height). We get 1100 mm. We divide this value by 160 mm (step height) and get the number of steps over which the ceiling can be located. The result of the calculation is 6.875, i.e. 7 steps.

The remaining 13 of the 20 steps should be located in a zone free from overlap. Otherwise, walking under them will be uncomfortable. The width of the step is 300 mm, then the width of the opening will be 13x300 mm = 3900 mm.

Checking 1100 (floor width) + 3900 (opening width) = 6000 (stairs length)

However, not everyone has the opportunity to leave 6 or 5 meters under the stairs. In this case, it is worth playing with the width of the step or the height of the tread. And you can make a staircase with a turn or with steps "duck step". Such designs are more complex, which means that the calculation will also be more complicated.

An example of a drawing of a metal staircase on one stringer

Example 2. Calculation of the angle of inclination of the stairs and the parameters of the steps

These calculations are more complex and can be done in several ways. Among them, the following are known:

computer method;
Danish method;
line lifting method;
sweep method;

These methods are united by the need to have basic knowledge in the field of design. The diagram of the staircase in graphical interpretation, obtained using the methods described above, is shown in the figure.

proportion method.

It is suitable for a beginner in the field of design and makes it easy to calculate both a marching straight line and stairs with winder steps or a spiral one. After all, there is a feature here, namely, the steps narrow towards the center.

Calculation of a metal or wooden staircase with winders at 90 and 180 degrees by the method of proportions is based on a uniform distribution of space in the turning section. The calculation is performed in this way:

a sketch of the stairs is made in a horizontal projection;
a line showing the average length of the march is indicated. For convenience, we will place it in the middle;
a line showing the middle of the turn of the stairs is indicated. The place where the longest step will be located.
we put on the middle line the value of the width of the steps. Thus, their number can be calculated. The calculation is carried out from the turning line.
we determine the points where the last identical steps will end. There should be two such points - at the beginning and at the end of the stairs. In rare cases, stairs begin or end with winders;
in the place where the step will have a minimum width (near one of the stringers, bowstring or screw pipe, set aside 50 mm from the turning line. In total, 50 + 50 will give us 100 mm. Which is the minimum allowable step width;
we connect the marked points with the previously marked points that show the width of the step and extend them to the opposite side (the second stringer, bowstring or spiral staircase railing).
set aside the rest of the steps. Approximate proportion is 1:2:3. One mm at the narrow end of the stairs, equals 2 mm at the midline and 3 mm at the wide end of the turn.

The data from the sketch is transferred to the stair blanks in accordance with the scale.

The scheme of the staircase with winder steps and a turn of 90 degrees is clearly shown in the figures.

A staircase with winder steps with a turn of 180 degrees is calculated in a similar way.

A diagram of a staircase with winder steps with a turn of 180 degrees is shown below.

This calculation method cannot be called ultra-precise, but you can get calculations sufficient for building stairs with your own hands. If you do not trust him, you can contact a specialist or use a computer program.

Calculation of the stairs on the rails

The process is similar to the calculation of a winder staircase. The only difference is the method of fastening. The option of fastening on a wall bowstring or without it is possible.

Calculation of a spiral staircase

The calculation of a spiral staircase is carried out similarly to the calculation of winder steps. But in this case, you need to accurately determine the configuration. In terms of design, they can be of four types.

Note. The spiral staircase is considered the most dangerous in terms of movement.

Drawings of spiral staircases

Duck step ladder calculation

This configuration is good because it takes up a minimum of space, however, such stairs are very troublesome to manufacture and operate. A duck step ladder is installed if the slope angle exceeds 45 degrees, and use ladder I don `t want. The peculiarity of this design is that only one leg rests on one step. However, despite this, the design of the frame of such a staircase is no different from the frame of the mid-flight. The difference is only in the shape of the steps.

Goose step staircase scheme

Note. According to the standard, the number of steps in a duck step ladder must be odd. Moreover, the first step is preferably done on the right. This is due to the fact that most users have the leading foot on the right. The maximum tread is also set on the right.

Computer programs for calculating stairs

The software method allows you to create a 3D project, visualize the project and get a drawing of the stairs with the exact indication of all parameters. The most popular programs are:

"Compass" (as practice shows, most craftsmen are familiar with this program);

SolidWorks - allows you to create the design of various engineering structures, not only stairs;

Consultec Staircon - makes it possible not only to create a staircase project, but to calculate an estimate for its construction. A full 3D model allows you to get a complete picture of the future design.

Rule 5 - Detailed drawing or sketch

The calculation by the computer method or the method of proportions already implies the presence of a drawing of the future staircase. However, even for those who make simple marching ladder it is worth creating a sketch with dimensions applied to it.

Note. On the sketch, you need to apply not only the parameters of the stairs, but also indicate the main parameters of the room. For example, the presence and size of the window, the protruding part of the window sill, columns or other items that may change the configuration or parameters of the stairs in the course of work.

Having prepared in this way, you can start building the stairs with your own hands.

Rice. one General drawing stairs

Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
X - the length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
Z - the width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
C - the number of steps - how many steps will it take you most comfortably to move from floor to floor
W - the thickness of the steps - the geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase
F - protrusion of steps - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
T - thickness of the stringer - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase

"Show risers: H" function

Rice. 2 Stair version with risers

You can build your stairs with or without risers. This function allows you to see how the design will look like with both options.

"Upper step below floor 2nd floor: SP" function

Rice. 3 Stair version, with the top step below the floor 2 floors

Depending on the mutual placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

The top plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the top floor;
The upper plane of the upper step is lower than the floor plane of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of this or that mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of the blanks for the stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note, in the figure, in which the upper step is below the floor of 2 floors, the thickness interfloor overlap more than in the figure, in which, the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the floor is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply does not rest against the floor (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

Black and White Drawing Function:

Rice. 4 Black and white drawing of stairs

It is useful to use this function in two cases:

If you are used to working with standard GOST drawings, and, accordingly, better perceive graphics without color content.
If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint / toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

"Change lift direction: LR" function

Rice. 5 View of stairs with different directions of ascent

A specific staircase, which is placed in a certain way in the house, can be approached from the side from two sides or only from one side - when the staircase is in contact with the wall. In the latter case, there are two options for placing the structure relative to the observer:

Rise from left to right;
Climb right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of a straight staircase with stringers

The main result of this calculator:

Stringer drawing
Step drawing

According to these drawings, the parts from which the structure is assembled are made.

Rice. 6 Drawings of stringers and steps

All other drawings show the final view of the structure: after joining the stringers and steps with each other.

A feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

Evaluation of the convenience of the stairs;
Adjustment of the design of the stairs.

The assessment of the convenience of the stairs is carried out according to three criteria:

Compliance with the design of the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of step depth and two step heights should equal the average step length. Average length human step - 63 cm.
Step depth. Comfortable step depth - from 28 cm. With a given opening length, you can adjust the step depth by changing the protrusion.
The angle of the stairs. Optimal Angle the slope of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At angles of inclination from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of moving between floors is significantly reduced. Inclination angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs.

Based on the results of evaluating a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is issued for each of the criteria, and the stairs are assigned an overall level of convenience. Online calculation of a straight staircase on stringers allows you to assess whether the staircase meets the well-known criteria for convenience, but you should always remember that your stairs in your home should serve your purposes as efficiently as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design of the stairs, the calculator gives advice on how to do this:

Decrease/increase the number of steps;
Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
Decrease / increase the length of the opening.

After the design is corrected, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such an adjustment will have to be carried out several more times.

Instructions for the ladder calculator on stringers

In order to carry out the calculation of the stairs, using the flat staircase calculator on the stringers, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the stairs, the materials from which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use.

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase adjoins the wall, or is in contact with the interior elements of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Possibly to choose correct option in terms of size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before starting to process the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is right for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

The stairs presented on our website can be divided into categories according to three mutually dependent criteria:

Length dimension

a. Maximum length - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers;

b. Average length - the steps are placed on two pairs of bowstrings;

in. Minimum length - the steps are placed on three pairs of bowstrings, the length dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pairs of bowstrings;

2. Width dimension

a. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two or three pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of bowstrings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

in. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. The complexity of manufacturing

a. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings / stringers and rectangular steps;

b. The average complexity of manufacturing - is made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

in. Difficult to manufacture - it is made of bowstrings / stringers, rectangular steps, platforms and rotary steps.

Stairs presented on our website:

- 1.a.-2.c.-3.a.
- 1.b.-2.a.-3.b.
- 1.b.-2.b.-3.b.
- 1.b.-2.b.-3.c.
- 1.c.-2.a.-3.b.
- 1.v.-2.a.-3.v.
- out of classification
Straight staircase on kosoura - 1.a.-2.v.-3.a.

In each specific situation, the height of the floor is already set. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the stairs are flatter, or steeper, etc. With this information, you can talk about the number of ascents (steps and platforms) in a particular situation.

Imagine that we have, for example, 12 lifts - steps and platforms. The design of the stairs is the shape of these risers (steps, turning steps, landings) and how these 12 risers are placed relative to each other.

It is possible to place all these 12 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “”, “Straight staircase on stringers”. In this case, your stairs will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture.

You can place these 12 risers in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90 ° (when viewed from above). With a platform on the turn - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your stairs will have an average length dimension and an adjustable width dimension.

You can place these 12 lifts in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed side by side. With a platform on the turn - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - ““ - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your stairs will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts on 3 rows perpendicular to each other (when viewed from above). With platforms on the turns - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform, 3 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, a platform and 5 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - “Staircase with three spans and turning steps” - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the upper a pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your stairs will have a minimum clearance in length and an adjustable clearance in width.

Or you can choose " ", which is not like any of the above and will give the interior of your home a truly sophisticated look.

This design is relevant in a situation where you want an easy-to-manufacture staircase, the length of which would depend on the height of movement (while maintaining the convenience criteria) and which would not take up much space in width.

Any home that has multiple floors requires stairs. For its installation, you need to know how to correctly calculate the stairs to the second floor in a private house. The calculations carried out must be absolutely accurate, otherwise the design will be inconvenient or not at all in the place allotted for it. Therefore, such work should be carried out by specialists or you can use special calculator programs online. In the process of determining the data, materials, dimensions of elements, the slope of the structure, as well as some other data are taken into account.

The right staircase is a guarantee of safety for all households Source hi.decorexpro.com

Calculations by programs

For calculations, a special online calculator can be used, which will help you find out the amount of materials, steps, design slope, bowstring, width. Some programs may provide recommendations on certain parameters of the future design, will report on the possible comfort of using the stairs.

The above parameters affect the convenience and safety of the stairs. At the same time, the minimum height / depth of the steps should be 15/28 cm. It is recommended to make their number odd, then the movement begins and ends with one foot. The height fence is located above the center of gravity of a person’s height, at least 90 cm. The angle of inclination is from 30 to 40 °, for straight stairs, with / without turning steps, the turn can be 90 or 180 °, with several spans and platforms.

In addition to the calculations, the online program will make a drawing of the future design. The required amount of materials depends on the angle of inclination. Therefore, during the design of the house, it is necessary to determine all the parameters.

A monolithic staircase covered with marble is also made according to certain calculations. Source archdaily.com

Online ladder calculator

To find out the approximate cost of a staircase with a straight flight, use the following calculator:

Stair layout

The purpose of the stairs is to move freely between floors. It can carry an aesthetic and design function. When designing it, it is necessary to take into account the materials used, ergonomics, safety, location, area, dimensions and installation. For compliance with all these norms and requirements, a calculator is used. But other technical requirements well known to construction professionals.

The main structural elements are:

Basic structure;

steps (different shapes);

different quantity marches;

fences.

The elements used can be made from various materials, a combination is also often used. The staircase calculator to the second floor in a private house makes it possible to carry out calculations for different types of installed structures.

The ladder itself can be of the following type:

On kosoura. The safest big choice decorations, concise, with or without risers. Fixing depends on the number of beams.

Turning staircase on a stringer made of metal Source m.yukle.mobi

On the Bolts. Mostly metal, a combination of materials can be used. Fixation with metal elements. Stairs are strong, durable, can be dismantled and reconstructed.

On bowstrings. Have exquisite design, look good in interiors. Fixing steps from the inside.

screw. Occupies a minimum of space, the design includes handrails, racks and steps. They are made round, octagonal or square. The frame is mostly metal.

marching. Have simple design but require a large area of free space. Can be rotary, with platforms.

Wooden staircase with carved railings Source olestnicah.ru

Carrying out correct calculations is possible only if certain parameters of the structure itself are taken into account. It is necessary to determine the appropriate slope, the width of the structure, the height of the railing and some other indicators. It is important to carry out the correct calculation of the dimensions of the span, which will help to correctly determine the amount of materials. In this case, span and projection dimensions are taken into account. The second important indicator is the length of the openings for the march. It is determined based on the height of the passage, the angle of the march and the thickness of the floor.

Material counting

For the production of stairs are used different variants materials and their combination, but in most cases wood is used. Inexpensive wood is economical, environmentally friendly, affordable and attractive. The tree is easy to process, lasts a very long time, can be painted. Metal structures are fireproof, but can rust due to increased moisture.

The calculation begins with measurements of the height from the floor to the second floor and the area that the stairs will occupy Source pl.pinterest.com

The calculation of a straight staircase is carried out with definition of the following quantities:

ledges steps, their sizes;

overall dimensions opening constructions;

options stairs, handrails;

width steps, misdemeanors, kosoura.

After the calculations are carried out, they are displayed on the corresponding drawing.

When working with metal models, additional parameters must be taken into account. Some parts are fastened by welding, the material must withstand all loads and be easy to succumb to this procedure. Experts recommend using channels, corners or pipes for stringers. Particular attention is paid to the distribution of the load: the number, area and mass of steps are calculated. Places with increased load must be strengthened with bolts. Can use a combination of materials.

Source: topoboi.com

Geometry definition

To obtain accurate calculations, geometric measurements are taken into account, among which the overall dimensions of the entire future structure are important. The minimum width is 1.1 m, including for screw. Options with a width of 1.4 m are considered comfortable.

The angle determines the comfort of using the stairs. Very cool designs save space, but are not convenient. When calculating, it is necessary to take into account the ease of use of the structure, its width and height are determined. Steps at least 15 cm wide. The width of the tread to allow the foot to be completely placed on the square and should be 25-32 cm. The distance between the edges of the steps is determined by their height and width. A special online program will help calculate the parameters of the steps.

Source decoratorist.com

Basically, all structures are made with a 45 ° slope, and the width of the steps is mostly equal to the 45th leg size, the minimum is 30 cm. There is a corresponding relationship between the place of attachment of the structure and its steepness, which takes into account the angle, height and length of the projection horizontally. Size dependency analysis can be performed in two ways. In the first case, there is a specific angle, and the calculation shows the place of installation of the structure. In the second, the dimensions of the structure are determined and the angle of inclination is calculated. In some cases, there may not be enough space for a single-flight staircase, then the required amount is added, and the calculations are carried out for everyone separately.

Calculations for various designs

The designer of stairs to the second floor in a private house can be used for various types of future solutions. All options have their own characteristics, they must be taken into account. There are common values that do not change:

With turn and winder steps. In this case, there are some peculiarities, since the staircase has a trapezoidal shape, the rotation can be 90/180 °.

A simple wooden staircase leading to the second floor with turning steps Source versar.ru

The dimensions of the steps do not change, the calculations for the angle of rotation are carried out in the same way. When determining the parameters, the width of the narrow part and the overhang of the turning step must be at least 10 and 5 cm.

Straight designs. When carrying out the parameters, the dimensions of the opening, steps, the width of the stringer and the location of the first step are indicated.

Two-march, with a turn on the stringers. The rotation can be 180 °, the designs are made as a zigzag or straight. When calculating, the platforms, the height of the floors, the dimensions of the steps and the bowstring, the length of the opening, the slope are indicated.

To find out the approximate cost of a staircase with a 180° turn, use the following calculator:

Video description

An example of the calculation of the stairs can be seen in the video:

Three-march with a turn on the stringers. Made with 180° rotation. An important indicator is durability, the load on the structure may vary. Initially, the main indicators of the structure are determined, the height of the march is specified, and then the clearance of the top of the structure. After that, the number of risers and treads is calculated.

screw. The steps are arranged in a circle, inside the support, the radius of the circle equal to length steps. Absolutely all steps can be swivel, the ratio of the narrow / wide sides is 10/25 cm. The height of the steps is determined similarly to marching structures. During the calculations, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the span, steps, supports, the shape of the steps (narrow / wide parts 20/40 cm). Maximum attention is paid to the turns of the structure, which should be twice the size of the diameter.

Straight on bowstrings. The calculation is based on the length of the step, which will clarify the depth of the steps and the slope. The lack of depth is compensated by the protrusions.

A high-tech metal staircase only complements the interior of a modern living room Source mobirolo.com

On our website you can find contacts construction companies, which offer a turnkey internal redevelopment service for houses, including all related calculations. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Conclusion

Today there are various programs to determine the parameters of the next staircase. Specialized resources allow you to visualize structures, create appropriate drawings and get all the necessary information on the dimensions and required materials. But in any case, the final calculation should be performed by a specialist - only then can it be guaranteed that the staircase structure will exactly match all the specified parameters.

Specialized online calculators work according to the formulas embedded in them, which are not visible, which means that you can check the correctness of the results issued only by recalculating everything manually. Therefore, they can only be considered as handy tool for preliminary calculations

Staircase in most cases is a mandatory attribute country house. In addition, structures of this type can be used in duplex apartments or offices. Stairs today perform not only a practical function, they are also additional elements interior and bring zest to the overall design of the room.

Staircase options

According to certain design features, stairs can be represented by a marching, spiral or combined variation. From total area and the features of the layout of the premises will depend on which of the named types of structures is most appropriate to use in a particular case.

Care must be taken to ensure that the installed structure meets all necessary requirements ergonomics.

marching stairs

Such execution of a ladder differs in reliability and extreme simplicity of production.

The design in this case will consist of one or more marches (this is the name of a rectilinear fragment with steps).

To maintain ergonomics, the number of steps in one march should not exceed sixteen pieces.

Spiral staircase

This design consists of a support rod, around which steps are arranged in a spiral.

The total area of the classic variation of the spiral staircase does not exceed one square meter, as a result of which it can be installed even in small rooms. A feature of this staircase is the possibility of its location anywhere in the room.

Combined ladder

In this case, we are talking about an arched architectural structure.

The combined staircase combines elements of mid-flight and spiral structures. This allows you to implement design tasks of any level of complexity.

Before starting the corresponding calculations, it is necessary to take into account the features of the layout of the room. You should also take into account the total area of \u200b\u200bthe room. It may be necessary to create a project that will coordinate all further actions during the implementation installation work. At the initial stage, the following points should be considered:

distance from the floor of the first floor to the ceiling;
features of the location of the walls;
features of the placement of doorways;
the total area of the premises;
planning features.

The height of the individual steps of the stairs must be absolutely identical. It is recommended to avoid the formation of differences in these indicators. Width landing must be equal to the width of the march. The length of one rectilinear fragment with steps should be no more than 3 m. The minimum indicator in this case will be kept at 1.5 m.

The size of each individual step depends on the total number of these elements. The length of the span or section is also taken into account. The total width of the stairs is determined by the required level of its throughput. The minimum figure for one person will be 0.7 m.

The level of comfort during ascent and descent will depend on the height of the steps. Most often this indicator varies from 12 to 20 cm. The optimal depth of the steps is 28-30 cm. Subject to the implementation of an uneven step, these indicators should be calculated based on the total length and height of the structure.

How to determine the angle of inclination?

The angle of inclination should be such that a person can proportionally move forward while walking up the stairs. The formation of the final indicator will depend on the height and width of the steps.

In most cases, it is recommended to stop at a number that is in the interval from 23 to 37 degrees. At the same time, it should be noted that a very steep angle of inclination can somewhat complicate the procedure for lifting and transporting heavy objects up the stairs.

Important! The greater the angle of inclination of the stairs, the less space may be required for placement. However, a too steep angle significantly complicates the procedure for climbing to the second floor.

If the angle of inclination is less than twenty-three degrees, then you can resort to installing a ramp. Such a flat design will facilitate the descent and ascent. It should also be noted here that the stairs, the angle of which is more than forty degrees, can become an insurmountable obstacle for users.

Handrail and railing options

When carrying out the appropriate calculations before installing the stairs on the second floor, the parameters of the railings and some of the railings of the structure should be taken into account. In particular, the following points need to be determined:

baluster height;
handrail length;
the height of the support posts;
railing width.

The optimal width of the railing will be equivalent to 100 mm. This indicator will contribute to the comfortable operation of the stairs by an adult. Railings are most often located at a height of 900 mm. Based on this, it is easy to conclude that the height of the baluster will be approximately 800 mm. In this case, you should pay attention to the way the baluster is installed. If this element is mounted in grooves, then its length should be slightly larger. The final indicator is formed taking into account the depth of the groove.

As for determining the height of the support posts, here you should also pay attention to the installation features. If the support used is installed on the steps, then its length will be identical to the height of the baluster. Provided that the vertical stand is installed on the floor, then to standard height add the height of the placed support.

The length of the railing must be equivalent to the length flight of stairs. Total length given element may fully correspond to the dimensions of the stairs or be slightly larger. The increase in indicators tends to increase if the handrail goes beyond the steps.

The ladder structure can be prefabricated or monolithic. The first variation of the structure is not very popular, since the installation work in this case will be associated with certain difficulties. In addition, all relevant work must be carried out at the construction site.

Prefabricated stairs made of large-sized elements are in great demand. The installation procedure of the entire structure is not associated with special difficulties. This variation of stairs can be used not only in private country house but also in public buildings. Additionally, marches of structures of this type can be reinforced with frames.

Marches with solid steps are presented in the form of a panel, which is significantly reinforced on the sides due to the use of special stiffening ribs. The upper plane of such a panel is distinguished by a stepped structure.

Rice. 1 General drawing of stairs

Y - opening height - usually determined by the height of the floors of your house
X - the length of the opening - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
Z - the width of the stairs - depends on how much space you can allocate in your house for the stairs
W - the thickness of the steps - the geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase
F - protrusion of steps - the distance by which the upper step will hang over the lower one
T - thickness of the bowstring - a geometric parameter of the material (for example, boards) from which you plan to build a staircase
C - the number of steps - how many steps will it take you most comfortably to move from floor to floor

"Show risers: H" function

You can build your stairs with or without risers. This function allows you to see how the design will look like with both options.

"Upper step below floor 2nd floor: SP" function

Rice. 3 Execution of stairs from the upper steps below the floor

Depending on the mutual placement of the structure and the floor of the upper floor:

The top plane of the top step is flush with the plane of the floor of the top floor;
The upper plane of the upper step is lower than the floor plane of the upper floor by the height of the step.

The choice of this or that mutual placement may depend on: the thickness of the interfloor ceilings, the desired relationship between the number of steps and their height, the length of the blanks for the stringers and the length of the opening, the desired angle of inclination of the stairs, or simply the tastes and preferences of the owner of the house. Please note that in the figure, in which the upper step is below the floor of the 2nd floor, the thickness of the interfloor overlap is greater than in the figure, in which the upper step is at the floor level of the 2nd floor. If the thickness of the floor is less than the height of the step, the stringer simply does not rest against the floor (therefore, when demonstrating the second option, this thickness had to be increased).

"Black and white drawing:" function

Rice. 4 Black and white drawing of stairs

It is useful to use this function in two cases:

If you are used to working with standard drawings in accordance with GOSTs, and, accordingly, you perceive graphics better without color filling.
If you are going to print the results of the calculator. Then you will spend less paint / toner and the visual perception of the drawings on paper will be better. And, of course, this function is used when printing on a black and white printer.

"Change lift direction: LR" function

Rice. 5 Type of stairs see different directions of ascent

Rise from left to right;
Climb right to left.

This function allows you to visualize both of these options.

Calculation of the march of a straight staircase to the second floor

The main result of this calculator:

Information needed to make bowstrings
Information required for the manufacture of steps

According to this information, the flight of stairs is calculated, and the parts from which the structure is assembled are made.

All other drawings show the final view of the structure: after joining the bowstrings and steps with each other.

A feature of this calculator is the implementation of two functions:

Evaluation of the convenience of the stairs;
Adjustment of the design of the stairs.

The assessment of the convenience of the stairs is carried out according to three criteria:

Compliance with the design of the average stride length. According to this criterion, the sum of step depth and two step heights should equal the average step length. The average human step length is 63 cm.
Step depth. Comfortable step depth - from 28 cm. With a given opening length, you can adjust the step depth by changing the protrusion.
The angle of the stairs. The optimal angle of inclination of the stairs is from 30° to 40°. At angles of inclination from 20° to 30° and from 40° to 45°, the comfort level of moving between floors is significantly reduced. Inclination angles outside the above limits can significantly affect the speed of movement between floors and the level of safety of the stairs.

Based on the results of evaluating a specific design, an indicator of the level of convenience is issued for each of the criteria, and the stairs are assigned an overall level of convenience. The calculator evaluates whether the staircase meets the well-known criteria of convenience, but you should always remember that your stairs in your home should serve your purposes as efficiently as possible. And if, in accordance with these goals, you need to build the most non-standard staircase in the world - go for it.

If there is a need to improve the design, the calculator for calculating a straight staircase on bowstrings gives advice on how to do this:

Decrease/increase the number of steps;
Increase the protrusion of the steps (if the depth of the steps is insufficient for comfortable walking);
Decrease / increase the length of the opening.

After the design is corrected, the normalized parameters will become closer to the ideal, but it is possible that such an adjustment will have to be carried out several more times.

Instructions for the straight ladder calculator

In order to calculate a staircase using this calculator, you need to know the height of the floor, the size of the space that you can allocate for the stairs, the materials from which you are going to build it, and, of course, the purpose of its use. Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully consider all the nuances: whether the staircase adjoins the wall, or is in contact with the interior elements of the house, and how this should affect the structure itself and the process of its construction. Perhaps, in order to select the correct option in terms of size and design, you will have to use a calculator to calculate and compare several. Before starting to process the material, make sure that the detail drawings correspond to the ladder that is right for you and your purposes. When building, attach the parts to each other, and the staircase itself to the house so that you can guarantee the reliability and strength of the structure for decades.

The stairs presented on our website can be divided into categories according to three mutually dependent criteria:

Length dimension

a. Maximum length - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers;

b. Average length - the steps are placed on two pairs of bowstrings;

in. Minimum length - the steps are placed on three pairs of bowstrings, the length dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pairs of bowstrings;

2. Width dimension

a. Maximum width - the steps are placed on two or three pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is regulated by changing the number of steps on the corresponding pair of bowstrings;

b. Average width - the steps are placed on two parallel pairs of bowstrings, the width dimension is equal to two widths of the stairs;

in. Minimum width - all steps are placed on one pair of bowstrings / stringers, the width dimension is equal to the width of the stairs;

3. The complexity of manufacturing

a. Easy to manufacture - made from bowstrings / stringers and rectangular steps;

b. The average complexity of manufacturing - is made from bowstrings, rectangular steps and platforms;

in. Difficult to manufacture - it is made of bowstrings / stringers, rectangular steps, platforms and rotary steps.

Stairs presented on our website:

Straight ladder on bowstrings - 1.a.-2.c.-3.a.
- 1.b.-2.a.-3.b.
- 1.b.-2.b.-3.b.
- 1.b.-2.b.-3.c.
- 1.c.-2.a.-3.b.
- 1.v.-2.a.-3.v.
- out of classification
- 1.a.-2.c.-3.a.

In each specific situation, the height of the floor is already set. Based on your own preferences, you can choose the level of convenience: either the convenience criteria are met, or the stairs are flatter, or steeper, etc. With this information, you can talk about the number of lifts (steps and platforms) in a particular situation and also, if necessary, calculate a straight staircase online.

It is possible to place all these 12 rises in one row along the length of the opening - “Straight staircase on bowstrings”, ““. In this case, your ladder will have a maximum dimension in length, a minimum dimension in width and will not be difficult to manufacture. Having all the necessary parameters, it will be much easier to calculate a direct staircase to the second floor.

You can place these 12 risers in 2 rows, rotated relative to each other by 90 ° (when viewed from above). With a platform on the turn - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your staircase will have an average length dimension and an adjustable width dimension.

You can place these 12 lifts in 2 parallel (when viewed from above) rows placed side by side. With a platform on the turn - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 5 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 3 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps and 6 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your stairs will have an average dimension in length and an average dimension in width.

You can place these 12 lifts on 3 rows perpendicular to each other (when viewed from above).

With platforms on the turns - "" - an easier option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, a platform, 3 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, a platform and 5 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). With turning steps on the turn - "" - a more difficult option to manufacture (for example, 2 steps on the lower pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the middle pair of bowstrings, 3 turning steps, 2 steps on the upper pair of bowstrings). In these cases, your ladder will have a minimum clearance in length and an adjustable clearance in width. Also, using a calculator, you can calculate a single-flight staircase.

Or you can choose " ", which is not like any of the above and will give the interior of your home a truly sophisticated look. If you want to get by with a simple and convenient design, you can calculate a straight wooden staircase and make sure that its cost is affordable, the simplicity and reliability of the project.