What kind of water is in mineral springs. Mineral waters in spa treatment
Myths and legends have brought to us from the most distant times evidence that the waters of healing springs have been used since time immemorial. The ancient Greeks, for example, believed that Hercules gained his heroic strength by bathing in the magical spring of the Caucasus, so the mythical hero at one time was even considered the patron saint of healing waters.
Mineral water
In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries dedicated to the god Asclepius near the healing springs (the Romans built temples in honor of Aesculapius in similar places). In Greece, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient hydropathic facility built around the 6th century BC. e.
The remains of ancient baths are also found here in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but were also treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation, oral traditions were passed down about the miraculous properties of the waters gushing out of the ground here. This is also indicated by the names of many sources. Gak, "Narzan" ("Nart-sana") in translation from Balkar means "heroic drink".
The healing power of groundwater was a mystery to ancient people.
It was sometimes attributed to some mysterious creatures that supposedly lived in the springs. However, scientific attempts have been made to explain the effectiveness of mineral waters. Greek physician Archigenes, who lived in the 1st century AD. e., one of the first in the world to argue that the secret of groundwater is in their composition. He even took up the systematization of waters, dividing them into four groups: alkaline, ferruginous, salty and sulphurous.
About two thousand years have passed since then. Today, no one doubts that the strength of these waters is due to the substances contained in them. Some substances are contained in mineral waters in the form of ions, others in the form of undissociated molecules, and others are colloidal particles. Of course, various mineral waters differ from each other in the set of components and their ratio. Some of these "living waters" are suitable for drinking, others for therapeutic baths.
The history of the study and use of mineral waters in Russia is associated with the name of Peter I. By his order, the first hydrotherapy resort in Russia was built on the Marcial (ferrous) waters in Zaonezhye. Peter I himself was repeatedly treated with these waters, and on his own orders the first "Doctor's Rules on how to act with these waters" were drawn up.
The most famous hydrotherapy resort of the USSR, which also has world significance, is the Caucasian Mineral Waters, where a wonderful climate is combined with a large number of sources of the most diverse composition. The year 1803 is considered to be the date of the origin of the resort on the Caucasian mineral waters, when a doctor was sent here, and a fortress was already built at the Narzan spring - the embryo of the future city of Kislovodsk.
In 1823 professor-pharmacologist A.P. Nelyubin was sent to the Caucasus, who, after painstaking research, created a major work “A complete historical, medical-topographic, physico-chemical and medical description of Caucasian mineral waters. The study of the mineral composition of waters was carried out by the outstanding chemist N. N. Zinin, and the well-known clinician, founder of the Moscow therapeutic school G. A. Zakharyin spoke not only about the beneficial effect of waters at resorts, but also about the benefits of bottled waters in the clinic and at home.
A. S. Pushkin visited the Caucasian mineral waters twice - in 1820 and 1829. on the way to Arzrum. Recalling his first visit, Pushkin wrote:
“... the baths were in hastily built shacks. The springs, for the most part in their original form, spouted, smoked and flowed down from the mountains in different directions, leaving behind white and reddish traces. We scooped boiling water with a ladle of bark or the bottom of a broken bottle ... "
As early as the middle of the 19th century, people were treated at the Caucasian mineral waters, according to tradition, as follows: first with “dead water” - at the sulfur springs of Pyatigorsk, then with “living water” - in Zheleznovodsk and finished the course in Kislovodsk with “Narzan”, which was taken in incredible quantities - 30 or more glasses a day!
Only since 1920, When, by decision of the Soviet government, the State Balneological Institute was established in Pyatigorsk, a systematic and comprehensive study of the effect of natural mineral waters began in our country. Nowadays, these issues are being developed at the institutes of balneology in Moscow, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia.
In the area of Pyatigorsk, Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodek, there are about 80 springs with water of 21 types. They provide about 10 million liters of water per day. Everyone here and abroad knows Narzan, Essentuki No. 4, Essentuki No. 17, Smirnovskaya, Batalinskaya and other mineral waters. There is no other place in the world where so many sources are concentrated in a small space; diverse in composition and completely different in their effects on the human body.
So, the healing properties of mineral waters are determined primarily by how much salt they contain. This characteristic is called mineralization and is extremely diverse. For example, in the mineral water "Darasun" there are only 2 g of salts per 1 liter, in the famous "Narzan" - 4 g. This group of mineral waters is called medicinal table waters (mineralization in the range of 2-8 g / l). Such waters can sometimes be used as table drinks.
Along with an increase in the concentration of salts, the properties and purpose of mineral waters change significantly. In 1 liter of well-known water "Essentuki No. 17" there are about 12 g of salts, the mineralization of "Batalinskaya" is 20 g / l, and "Lugely" - up to 52 g / l. These mineral waters have a very strong effect on the human body, so they belong to the group of medicinal ones. They drink them as directed by a doctor and in a strictly specified amount. So, a single dose of the unique Lugela water is just one tablespoon or even a teaspoon.
The label affixed to a bottle of mineral water usually indicates the chemical composition of the water and the number of main constituents. Dissolved salts are represented by electrically charged particles - ions. As you know, ions can carry a positive or negative charge, and, depending on this, are called either cations or anions.
The healing properties of mineral water, its chemical essence is determined by six main ions: three cations - sodium, calcium, magnesium and three anions - chlorine, sulfate and bicarbonate. The whole variety of mineral waters is largely created by various combinations of this magnificent six!
So, for example, the group, which includes "Borjomi", "Dilijan", "Nabeglavi", in which hydrocarbonate ions and sodium ions predominate, is called the group of hydrocarbonate sodium waters. In everyday life, they are also called in the old fashioned way - soda, or alkaline.
If sodium ions are combined with chlorine ions, then the water belongs to the group of sodium chloride, or salty, mineral waters. This group includes Mirgorodskaya, Rostovskaya. The combination of sodium, chlorine and bicarbonate gives a group of hydrocarbonate-chloride sodium mineral waters (they are also called "salt-alkaline"): "Essentuki M" 4, "Essentuki No. 17", "Arzni". But "Narzan" contains four main ions: magnesium, calcium, bicarbonate and sulfate, so it is called "sulfate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-calcium mineral water."
Carbon dioxide, or carbonic anhydride, or what we used to call "carbon dioxide" - makes mineral water palatable; carbonated water quenches thirst better.
It can be said that it is thanks to carbon dioxide in giant underground laboratories that many healing mineral waters are formed: dissolved carbon dioxide acts on the surrounding rocks, as a result of which calcium, magnesium and sodium hydrocarbonates are formed. Such wonderful waters as Narzan, Dilijan, Essentuki, Borjomi and many others owe their birth to C02.
Carbon dioxide is also needed to stabilize the chemical composition of mineral waters, therefore, before bottling, water is additionally saturated with carbon dioxide to preserve its healing properties.
It can be stated with full confidence that, in addition to the mentioned main six ions, almost the entire periodic table is present in mineral waters. Those elements that are contained in very small quantities are called microelements and even ultramicroelements. Among them are iron, cobalt, - molybdenum, arsenic, fluorine, manganese, copper, iodine, bromine, lithium. Including with a pronounced pharmacological action - arsenic, iodine and bromine.
Iron is found in many mineral waters of Siberia and the Caucasus.
Most of the iron in the above-mentioned "Marcial" waters - up to 70 mg / l. The presence of iron makes healing even water with a very low mineralization, for example, "Polyustrovo" (less than 1 g / l). If the iron content reaches 20 mg / l, then the water is already considered “ferrous” and is prescribed to people suffering from anemia.
Arsenic is a substance with pronounced toxic and pharmacological properties.
Mineral waters containing 0.7 mg/l of arsenic and above have a specific therapeutic effect and are classified as mineral arsenic waters. "Avadhara", "TurshSu", "Jermuk" - medical table waters, they contain no more than 1.5 mg/l of arsenic. Among the arsenic mineral waters, the Chvizhepse water, or Sochi Narzan, also appeared.
Among drinking mineral waters there are also bromine.
(As you know, bromine is used in the treatment of disorders of the nervous system.) Among them, "Lugela" and "Talitskaya" are used only on doctor's orders, and "Nizhne-Serginskaya" is a medical dining room. The lower the mineralization of water and the less chlorides in it, the more pronounced the effect of bromine on the human body. The group of iodine waters includes "Azovskaya", "Semigorskaya". Iodine is an essential trace element and plays an important role in the functioning of the thyroid gland.
Drinking mineral waters also contain organic substances.
The organic composition of mineral waters has not yet been studied to a large extent. It is to him, most likely, that Naftusya, the mineral water of the Truskavets resort, owes its healing power.
According to the chemical composition, six classes of mineral waters are distinguished: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. By temperature, mineral waters are divided into cold (up to 20 °C), subthermal (20-37 °C), thermal (37 - 42 °C) and hyperthermal (over 42 °C).
The technology of bottling mineral water necessarily includes through asbestos, lamellar or ceramic filters, carbon dioxide saturation up to 0.3-0.4%. According to the requirements of the state standard, mineral water is a colorless liquid, without extraneous, unusual odors and tastes. Mineral water is bottled on powerful automatic and semi-automatic lines, into bottles, usually with a capacity of 0.5 and 0.33 liters. Each bottle must be labeled with the release date and description. By special permission, for some waters it is allowed to release without labels - "Narzan", "Kyiv", and the necessary data are indicated on the crown.
It should be noted that one cannot expect any miraculous effect from medicinal mineral waters. With their correct application, while maintaining a diet and a general regimen, with the exclusion of excessively irritating moments (primarily alcohol), the consumption of mineral waters gives good results.
Bottled mineral waters, however, are increasingly being used as table waters. This is explained by their pleasant taste, saturation with carbon dioxide and a number of other advantages over fresh water. With profuse sweating, our body loses a significant amount of salts with sweat. The consumption of fresh water does not compensate for these losses; for this reason, an undesirable depletion of the body in salts may occur.
It has been established that workers in hot shops sweat less when they quench their thirst with salted rather than fresh water. But mineral water is such salted water, but only its composition, in addition to table salt, includes other salts necessary for the body. Not to mention that the sanitary condition of bottled mineral water is always impeccable.
The main condition for the use of mineral waters as table waters is their low mineralization, since the use of highly mineralized waters can lead to undesirable results.
Taking into account the effects of mineral waters on the body, it can be assumed that sodium chloride type waters with a mineralization of not more than 4-4.5 g / l should be used as table waters; for hydrocarbonate waters, this limit is about 6 g/l, and for waters of mixed composition, it is between the indicated values. Reasonable use of mineral table waters has a beneficial effect on the body.
Mineral waters of our country.
"Avadhara"
Carbonic ferruginous bicarbonate-sodium mineral water of the "Borjomi" type. Contains arsenic in the amount of 1.2 mg/l. Recommended in the treatment of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, urinary tract. It can only be used as directed by a doctor. The source is located 16 km from the high mountain lake Ritsa in the Abkhaz ASSR.
"Alma-Ata"
Chloride-sulfate, sodium mineral medicinal water. Recommended for diseases of the stomach and liver. Can also be used as a dining room. The source is located on the banks of the river. Or, 165 km from Alma-Ata (Ayak-Kalkan resort).
"Amurskaya"
Carbonic ferruginous bicarbonate-calcium magnesium-sodium water. It is similar to the Darasun water, widely known in Transbaikalia, but has a higher mineralization. Good in the treatment of chronic catarrhs of the stomach and intestines, chronic inflammation of the bladder and renal pelvis. Source (Sour key) - in the Amur region.
"Arzni"- medical and table carbonic chloride bicarbonate-sodium mineral water. It has a pleasant sour taste. Indicated in the treatment of the digestive system, liver and urinary tract. Spring in the Arzni resort, in the gorge of the river. Hrazdan, 24 km from Yerevan.
"Arshan"
Carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium water of medium mineralization. A close analogue of the Kislovodsk "Narzan". It can also be used as table water. The source is on the territory of the Arshan resort, 220 km from Irkutsk.
"Achaluki"
Hydrocarbonate-sodium mineral water of low mineralization with a high content of sulfates. The source is located in Middle Achaluki, 45 km from Grozny (Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic). A pleasant, thirst-quenching table drink.
"Badamlinskaya"
Carbonic bicarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water of low mineralization. Source - 2 km from the village. Badamly, Nakhichevan ASSR. It is famous as a wonderful table drink, refreshing and good thirst quencher.
This water is also used for catarrhal diseases of the stomach, intestines and urinary tract.
"Batalinskaya"
Bitter highly mineralized water with a high content of magnesium sulphate and sodium sulphate is known as a very effective laxative. It is distinguished by its mild action and does not cause pain. Source - near the station. Inozemtsevo, 9 km from Pyatigorsk.
"Berezovskaya"
Hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water with a high content of organic substances. Regulates gastrointestinal secretion and increases diuresis. Springs - 25 km from Kharkov.
"Borjomi"
Carbonated hydrocarbonate sodium alkaline mineral water. Doctors recommend it to people suffering from diseases of the stomach and duodenum, accompanied, as a rule, by high acidity, disorders of water-salt metabolism. "Borjomi" is prescribed for inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract and gastric mucosa, congestion in the gallbladder and biliary tract.
"Borjomi"
is a world-famous mineral water, very pleasant in taste, perfectly quenches thirst. Its source is located in the Georgian SSR, on the territory of the Borjomi resort.
"Bukovinskaya"
Ferrous sulfate calcium water of low mineralization. Known in the western regions of Ukraine as a good remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and anemia. Can be used as table water.
Burkut
Carbonic hydrocarbonate-chloride calcium-sodium mineral water. Nice table drink. It is also used in chronic catarrhs of the stomach and intestines. The source is located in the gorge of the river. Shtifulets, in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.
"Vytautas"
Chloride-sulphate sodium-magnesium mineral water, the source of which is located on the banks of the Neman (Lithuanian SSR). It is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract.
"Valmierskaya"
Sodium-calcium chloride water comes from a deep well on the territory of the Valmiera Meat Processing Plant (Latvian SSR). General mineralization 6.2. It is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
"Hot key"
Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water of medium mineralization from spring No. 68 of the Goryachiy Klyuch resort, located 65 km from Krasnodar. In its composition, it is close to the water of Essentuki No. 4. It is very famous in the Kuban as a good remedy for diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and as a table drink.
"Darasun"
Carbonic ferruginous bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium water with a high content of free carbon dioxide. Its source is located on the territory of one of the oldest resorts in Siberia Darasun in the Crimean district of the Chita region. Water "Darasun" (in translation means "Red Water") is close in composition to the Kislovodsk "Narzan", but differs from it in the almost complete absence of sulfates and less mineralization. Widely known in Transbaikalia as a wonderful refreshing table drink. It is also used for therapeutic purposes in gastric catarrhs, chronic colitis and cystitis, phosphaturia.
"Jermuk"
Carbonic hydrocarbonate sulfate-sodium mineral water. The hot spring is located on the territory of the mountainous resort of Jermuk, 175 km from Yerevan. It is a fairly close analogue of the well-known waters of the Czechoslovakian resort of Karlovy Vary, but differs from them in lower mineralization and higher calcium content. It is also close in composition to the waters "Slavyanovskaya" and "Smirnovskaya".
Water "Jermuk"
A very effective remedy for the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, bile and urinary tract. It can also be used as table mineral water.
"Dilijan"
Carbonated hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water, similar in chemical composition to Borjomi, but with lower mineralization. It is used for diseases of the digestive system and urinary tract. It is indicated for catarrh of the stomach, mainly with high acidity.
"Dragovskaya"
-carbonate bicarbonate-chloride sodium water of medium mineralization. In terms of chemical composition, it is close to Essentuki No. 4 mineral water. The source is located on the right bank of the Tereblya River in the Transcarpathian region. It is successfully used in the treatment of chronic diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, biliary tract, obesity, mild forms of diabetes.
"Druskininkai"
Chloride sodium mineral water. It is used for chronic catarrhs of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, catarrhs of the intestines. Spalis spring is located in the ancient resort of Druskininkai, 140 km from Vilnius.
Essentuki
General The name of a group of medicinal and table mineral waters, the numbering of which is carried out according to the sources of origin, located in the Stavropol Territory, in the resort of Essentuki.
"Essentuki No. 4"
Carbonic bicarbonate-chloride-sodium medicinal water of medium mineralization. Recommended for diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, urinary tract. Favorably affects metabolic processes, causing a shift in the acid-base balance to the alkaline side.
"Essentuki No. 17"
Carbonic bicarbonate-chloride sodium water of increased mineralization. It is used with great success in the same diseases as "Essentuki No. 4" (except for diseases of the urinary tract), and sometimes in conjunction with it.
"Essentuki No. 20"
-- table mineral water, belonging to the type of low-mineralized sulfate hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium waters. Bitter-salty in taste, with a sour taste of carbonic acid.
Izhevskaya
Sulfate-chloride-sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water. Recommended in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, as well as metabolic disorders. It can also be used as a table drink. The source is located 2 km from the Izhevsk Mineral Waters resort in the village of Izhevka, Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.
IstiSu
Carbonic bicarbonate-chloride sodium water of medium mineralization with a high content of sulfates of the hot spring of the Isti-Su resort, located 25 km from the regional center of Kelbajara (Azerbaijan SSR) at an altitude of 2225 m above sea level.
"Isti-Su" refers to the terminal waters and approaches in its composition to the waters of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The healing properties of this water have been known since ancient times. Indications for treatment with water "Isti-Su" - chronic catarrhs and functional disorders of the stomach and intestines, chronic diseases of the liver, gallbladder, gout, obesity, mild forms of diabetes.
"Karmadon"
Sodium chloride thermal mineral water with a high content of bicarbonates. Refers to medicinal, but can also be used as a table drink. It is indicated in the treatment of chronic catarrhs of the stomach, mainly with low acidity, chronic catarrhs of the intestines. The source is located 35 km from Ordzhonikidze.
"Kemeri"
Chloride sodium-calcium-magnesium mineral water from a spring located on the territory of the Kemeri resort in the Latvian SSR. It is a very effective remedy in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
"Kyiv"
Table mineral water of hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium type. Produced by the Kyiv Experimental Plant of Non-Alcoholic Drinks, where water treatment was introduced using an ionizer with silver ions (0.2 mg / l).
"Chisinau"
Low-mineralized sulphate-hydrocarbonate magnesium-sodium-calcium mineral water is a refreshing and thirst-quenching table drink.
"Korneshtskaya"
Hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water of the Kornesht spring in the Moldavian SSR. It belongs to the waters of the "Borjomi" type, but is less mineralized and does not contain free carbon dioxide.
"Korneshtskaya"
"Krainka"
Sulfate-calcium mineral water with a high content of magnesium. It has been known for its healing properties since the last century. It is very effective in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, liver, urinary tract and metabolic disorders. It can also be used as a table drink.
"Kuyalnik"
Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium water comes from a source located in the Kuyalnik resort in Odessa. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and is a pleasant table drink that quenches thirst well.
"Lugela"
Calcium chloride highly mineralized water is unique in its chemical composition. The source is located in the village of Mukhuri in Georgia. Due to the very high content of calcium chloride, use only as directed by a doctor. Indications for treatment: tuberculosis of the lungs and lymph glands, allergic diseases, inflammation of the kidneys with hematuria, as well as diseases in which calcium chloride is usually prescribed.
"Luzhanskaya"
Carbonic bicarbonate sodium water of "Borjomi" type. It contains such biologically active substances as boron, fluorine, silicic acid, as well as free carbon dioxide. It has high medicinal properties, it is used for diseases of the digestive system and liver.
This mineral water has been known since the 15th century. It began to be poured in 1872 - then it was called "Margit". It is divided into No. 1 and No. 2 - somewhat different in chemical composition. The source is located in the Svalyavsky district of the Transcarpathian region.
"Lysogorskaya"
Sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium water of increased mineralization, similar to mineral water "Batalinskaya" is an effective laxative. The source is located 22 km from the Pyatigorsk resort. In terms of chemical composition, it is close to Batalinskaya, but differs from it in lower mineralization and a significantly higher content of chlorine ions.
"Mashuk No. 19"
Chloride-hydrocarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium thermal mineral water of medium mineralization. In composition, it is quite close to the water of the spring of the Karlovy Vary resort in Czechoslovakia. The drilling rig is located on Mount Mashuk in the Pyatigorsk resort. It is a good remedy for diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as well as for diseases of the digestive system. "Mirgorodskaya" - sodium chloride water of low mineralization. It has valuable healing properties: it helps to increase the secretion and acidity of gastric juice, stimulates the activity of the intestines, and improves metabolism. It can also be used as a table drink, it quenches thirst well.
"Nabeglavi"
Carbonic bicarbonate sodium mineral water of the famous Borjomi water type. The source is located on the territory of the Nabeglavi resort. It is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
"Narzan"
Carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate calcium-magnesium mineral water, which has won world fame. An excellent refreshing table drink. It quenches thirst well and promotes a good appetite.
It can be used to treat a number of diseases. Being well saturated with carbon dioxide, "Narzan" enhances the secretory activity of the digestive glands. A significant content of calcium bicarbonate makes this water a drink with anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects. "Narzan" has a beneficial effect on the activity of the urinary tract.
The sources are located in Kislovodsk.
"Naftusya"
Hydrocarbonate calcium-magnesium medicinal water. Indispensable for urological diseases. Produced under the name "Truskavetska" ("Naftusya No. 2"), It contains significantly less organic matter than the water of the main source "Naftusya", located in the resort of Truskavets, Lviv region.
"Obolonskaya"
Chloride-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium table water. A good refreshing drink bottled in Kyiv at the Obolon brewery.
"Polyustrovskaya"
Ferrous low-mineralized water, known since 1718. Due to the high content of iron, it is used for anemia, blood loss, loss of strength. The intake of this water helps to increase the content of hemoglobin in the blood. It is also used as a table drink that quenches thirst well. The source is located near Leningrad.
"Polyana Kvasova"
Carbonated hydrocarbonate sodium mineral water with a significant content of carbonic acid. It surpasses Borjomi in terms of mineralization and hydrocarbonate content. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the stomach, intestines, liver, urinary tract.
The source is located in the Transcarpathian region.
"Sairme"
Carbonic ferruginous bicarbonate sodium-calcium mineral water. It is recommended in the treatment of chronic gastric catarrhs, mainly with high acidity, obesity, mild forms of diabetes, chronic catarrhs and functional disorders of the intestines, and diseases of the urinary tract. It is also a pleasant table drink. The source is located in Georgia, on the territory of the Sairme resort.
"Svalyava"
Carbonated bicarbonate sodium water, known since ancient times. Since 1800 Svalyava has been exported to Vera and Paris as an exquisite table drink. From biologically active components contains boron. The source is located on the right bank of the Latoritsa River in the village. Svaliava, Transcarpathian region.
"Sergeevna M2"
Chloride-hydrocarbonate-sodium water, in chemical composition resembles the well-known domestic mineral waters "Arzni", "Dzau-Suar", "Kuyalnik No. 4", "Hot Key". Recommended for peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis.
"Syrabskaya"
Carbonated bicarbonate sodium water of medium mineralization.
Close in composition to Borjomi. It is popular as an effective remedy in the treatment of a number of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and metabolism. Its sources are located 3 km from Nakhichevan, on the Araks.
"Slavyanovskaya"
Carbonic hydrocarbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium water of low salinity. Its temperature at the exit to the surface is 38-39 °C. Very effective in the treatment of many diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
"Smirnovskaya"
In terms of chemical composition and mineralization, it is close to the water near the Slavyanovsk spring. It differs from it by a higher temperature (55 ° C) and a higher content of natural carbon dioxide. Indications for treatment with Smirnovskaya mineral water are the same as for Slavyanovskaya. Both can be used as a table drink.
"Feodosia"
- sulfate-chloride sodium water. The source is located 2 km from Feodosia - on Bald Mountain. It is successfully used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver. When drinking this water, the work of the intestines is regulated, in obese people suffering from a metabolic disorder, weight can decrease under the influence of this water.
"Kharkovskaya" is the name under which two types of mineral waters are produced from springs near Kharkov.
"Kharkovskaya M 1"
Bicarbonate calcium-sodium low-mineralized water is similar to Berezovskaya water. It is used as a table drink, as well as in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism.
"Kharkovskaya M 2"
Sulfate-hydrocarbonate calcium-sodium-magnesium low-mineralized water. This water is a pleasant table drink, refreshing, thirst quenching. It is used for the same diseases as the water "Kharkovskaya No. 1".
"Kherson"
Ferrous weakly mineralized chloride-sulfate-hydrocarbonate sodium-calcium-magnesium water. Basically, this is table water, which tastes good and quenches thirst well. How glandular can be useful in various forms of anemia and general loss of strength.
Artificial mineral waters are obtained by dissolving neutral or alkaline salts in drinking water and saturating the solution with carbon dioxide.
Soda water is a transparent colorless liquid of a salty taste, containing 0.2-0.25 soda, 0.15-0.1 sodium chloride of common salt.
Seltzer water is obtained by dissolving the same salts and calcium chloride (0.1-0.15), magnesium chloride. It also has a salty taste.
Mineral waters are called natural underground waters, with a more or less constant chemical composition and a high content of bioactive mineral or organic elements.
Such waters have medicinal properties and are used both for drinking and for external use (mineral baths).
Characteristics of mineral waters
In fact, any water from underground or aboveground sources contains mineral salts and other components useful to humans. The difference between water, which is called mineral, from ordinary fresh water is that its composition is formed over hundreds of years under the influence of a number of factors in underground sources. Its composition is always stable and depends on the deposit, and not on the season and weather conditions, as is the case with fresh water.
Mineral water, which can be consumed internally, is transparent. However, it may have a slight shade of yellow, brown or green, as well as a slight sediment, depending on the set of elements it contains.
Mineral waters have an extensive classification. They differ in:
- chemical composition(hydrogen sulfide, carbonic, ferrous, iodine, bromine, etc.)
- degree of mineralization(from fresh to highly mineralized);
- appointment(canteens, medical and medical-dining rooms).
Deposits and extraction of mineral waters
There are a huge number of mineral water deposits around the world. The territory of Russia (Caucasus, Far East, Kaliningrad region, Pyatigorsk, etc.) and Europe (Czech Republic, Romania, Ukraine, Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, France, Lithuania, Serbia, etc.) are especially rich in them.
The extraction of mineral water on an industrial scale is often carried out with the help of capturing - structures that allow extracting minerals from the bowels of the earth to its surface. In particular, for the extraction of waters lying deep in the layers of the earth, boreholes are used, less often - wells. There are sources of mineral waters, which themselves come to the surface in the form of springs and springs. Usually, balneological clinics and resorts are built in such places.
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What is mineral water?
Eastern peoples reverently treat water, considering it one of the main elements of the universe. The local sages are sure that the water from the healing springs relaxes, calms, relieves irritation, fever and aggression. The history of the use of mineral waters has many hundreds of years.
In ancient times, the Greeks built sanctuaries at the healing springs dedicated to the god Asclepius (the Romans erected temples in honor of Aesculapius in similar places), the patron saint of medicine. In Greece, archaeologists have discovered the ruins of an ancient hydropathic facility built around the 6th century BC. The remains of ancient baths are also found here in the Caucasus, where they not only bathed, but were also treated with mineral waters. From generation to generation, oral traditions were passed down about the miraculous properties of the waters gushing out of the ground here.
The history of the study and use of mineral waters in Russia is connected with the name of Peter I, who 285 years ago ordered by his decree to look for key waters in Russia. By his order, the first hydrotherapy resort in Russia was built on the Marcial (ferrous) waters in the Olonets province in Karelia. In 1803, Alexander I recognized the national importance of the Caucasian mineral waters and began to study their healing properties. In 1825, the work of the Russian chemist G. I. Hess, who studied the chemical composition and effect of Russian healing waters, was published.
Mineral water is rainwater that many centuries or even millennia ago went deep into the earth, seeping through the crevices and pores of different rock layers. At the same time, various mineral substances in the rock were dissolved in it. From simply natural water from underground sources and open reservoirs, mineral waters differ in composition. The deeper they lie, the warmer and richer in carbon dioxide and minerals. In addition, the deeper the water penetrates into the rock, the more it is purified. In such water, minerals accumulate naturally as it passes through geological formations. Thus, mineral waters are waters, primarily from underground sources.
It is necessary, of course, to distinguish between drinking and mineral water.
According to the Codex Alimentarius - the UN's main food standard - these differences boil down to the following:
· mineral water is extracted from natural sources or drilled wells, without external influence on the chemical and physical properties of natural mineral water;
the presence of mineral salts in water in certain proportions and the presence of trace substances and other components in it;
· Water is collected under conditions that guarantee its initial microbiological purity and stable chemical composition of its components.
Someone said that mineral waters are capricious and require delicate handling, they are softer than precious wines. Indeed, water from the source must be very carefully raised from the deep bowels of the earth, and then packed in a convenient and safe container in order to preserve the unique program that nature itself has laid in it.
Mineral water is better absorbed by the body, and when it enters the stomach, it reacts with gastric juice, releases carbon dioxide and stimulates the secretory activity of the stomach. Increases appetite and mood. That is why the same Frenchmen always have a bottle of water on the dining table next to bread.
They try to quench their thirst with mineral water. Thirst can also occur in a healthy person with loss of water, especially in summer. Moreover, with the loss of water, we lose a certain amount of salts. The easiest way to compensate for this loss is with mineral water.
People are often addicted to the use of mineral water, not considering that it contains its own unique set of chemical elements, which determines its benefits or harms. Most lovers of mineral water drink it because of the presence of carbon dioxide in it. Those suffering from high acidity and gourmets are especially fond of it, buying any mineral water indiscriminately - what is on sale at that moment, not thinking that this mineral water is harmful to his body and not to the disease that the patient suffers from. Mineral water is intended only for medicinal purposes and can harm the body, especially for children.
Mineral water differs from fresh water in significant mineralization: from 0.1% (1 g of solids in 1 liter of water) to 5% (50 g of solids in 1 liter of water). Water from sources belongs to the group of mineral and with less mineralization than 0.1% dry residue, if it contains a known amount of specific elements of medicinal value, for example, iodine, bromine, lithium, arsenic, etc.
If the water contains gas, and its stable temperature is above 20 ° C - such water, even with a low content of minerals, is classified as mineral. Mineral waters containing carbon dioxide (Kislovodsk Springs, etc.), hydrogen sulfide (Sochi, Matsesta Springs) and radon have the greatest therapeutic effect. There are a number of springs whose waters have neither a certain mineralization nor an appropriate temperature, do not contain any of the active elements (iodine, bromine, lithium, arsenic, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) in proper quantities, and, nevertheless, they are classified as mineral and used to treat a number of diseases. This is due to the fact that here it is important to take into account the influence of not individual components of water, but their totality.
Drinking mineral water helps to eliminate or mitigate painful disorders and improve the functions of individual organs and systems. Such treatment is most effective in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, namely: chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis, peptic ulcer, enteritis, colitis, enterocolitis, chronic hepatitis, angiocholitis, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis, etc.
The good therapeutic effect obtained at drinking resorts is the result not only of drinking mineral waters, but also of the simultaneous influence of other therapeutic factors: the resort regime, dietary nutrition, changes in climatic conditions, separation from home and work environment, restructuring and unloading of the nervous system under the influence of eliminating reasons for unpleasant emotions and neuropsychic trauma. Physiotherapy exercises, hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, etc. are used with great benefit. In the conditions of the resort, mineral water, in addition to internal use, is also used externally in the form of baths, semi-baths, washing, pouring, etc.
Mineral waters can be administered orally through the mouth, through the rectum and rarely - parenterally (subcutaneously, intramuscularly and even intravenously). Along with drinking mineral water, in order to enhance the therapeutic effect, gastric lavage and irrigation, the introduction of mineral water directly into the rectum, transduodenal intestinal lavage, mineral water enemas, drip enemas, intestinal baths, siphon and underwater intestinal lavages, etc. All these methods are most often combined with drinking cures.
Drinking mineral waters - as a rule, underground (melt, artificial, etc. are also known) waters, which are characterized by the presence of certain salts and other chemical compounds. Depending on the temperature, cold, warm and hot mineral waters are released. Some mineral waters have natural radioactivity. The difference between mineral water and ordinary drinking water is a higher level of mineralization - about 1 g / l.
Depending on the concentration of salts, natural mineral waters are divided into:
· canteens - mineral (natural) water is suitable for daily use, the salt content in it does not exceed 1 gram per liter of water. As a rule, it is soft, pleasant in taste, without foreign smell and taste. It is no coincidence that soft drinks are made on the basis of table water; There are no regulatory documents for mineral table waters. Therefore, the criteria for classifying waters as mineral table waters are not standardized.
· medical table - this water can contain from 1 to 10 grams of salts per liter of water. The advantage of medical-table mineral waters is their versatility: they can be used as a table drink and systematically - for treatment;
therapeutic - the most saturated salt composition of the water. This category includes mineral waters with mineralization - more than 10 grams per liter, or waters with a high content of active trace elements, such as arsenic or boron. It should be drunk strictly on the advice of a doctor.
According to the chemical composition, six classes of mineral waters are distinguished: hydrocarbonate, chloride, sulfate, mixed, biologically active and carbonated. But there is another interpretation of this classification - according to the ionic composition:
Hydrocarbonate - this water is intended for those who go in for sports. Used in the treatment of urolithiasis. Contraindications - gastritis;
sulfate - this water is recommended for those who have problems with the liver and gallbladder, obesity and diabetes. It is strictly forbidden to use such water for children and adolescents, because sulfates prevent bone growth;
Chloride - such water helps to regulate the work of the intestinal, biliary tract and liver. Contraindications for use (categorically) - high blood pressure;
magnesium - helps with stressful situations. Contraindications - tendency to indigestion;
glandular;
Drinking cure technique
Drinking cure is the oldest method of internal application of mineral water. The resorts of the Caucasian mineral waters at the beginning of the 19th century became the main center of treatment in Russia. A characteristic feature of drinking cure at that time was the drinking of mineral water in large quantities (up to 2-3 liters per day). In the future, drinking treatment was streamlined. Drinking treatment with mineral waters was combined with their external use in the form of ordinary baths, semi-baths, showers and rain baths. Apart from resorts, mineral water treatment became possible both in hospital and at home, as many mineral waters began to be exported in large quantities. in bottles. Mineral waters are drunk in their natural form, without mixing them with other waters, with the exception of concentrated waters, which are diluted with fresh water to avoid their irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the stomach and intestines.
For patients suffering from constipation, in order to achieve a laxative effect, a certain amount of laxative water (Batalinsky) or a small amount of sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate (1-2 tsp) was added to low-mineralized water.
For diseases of the upper respiratory tract, drinking alkaline and alkaline-salt waters mixed with hot milk at home (bottled water) is used.
Before starting treatment in each case, it is necessary to solve a number of questions:
1) what water and what temperature to drink;
2) what is the single and daily dose of mineral water for this patient;
3) the frequency of receptions and its distribution during the day;
4) place of mineral water intake: at the source or in a medical institution.
During drinking treatment at resorts that have their own mineral water sources, as a rule, water is drunk from the source.
It has been established that the water obtained from the source during its long-term storage, especially in an open container, undergoes denaturation. It loses its temperature and the gas it contains. In addition, shifts occur in its entire composition, complete balance is disturbed, and salts precipitate. The water becomes cloudy, loses its natural taste, and this is reflected in its medicinal properties.
Medicinal water should be drunk slowly, slowly, in small sips. This method of drinking is especially indicated for patients with reduced gastric secretion, when a long-term effect on the gastric mucosa and its receptors is necessary in order to stimulate its secretory work.
Patients with increased secretion and high acidity should drink water quickly, in one gulp, in order to avoid prolonged irritation of the gastric mucosa, and to promote the fastest transition of mineral water from the stomach to the intestines, from where it should inhibit the secretion of gastric juice.
Laxative waters should be drunk quickly, the action of which should develop in the intestines. When drinking water slowly, its temperature may decrease, so if drinking hot water is prescribed, the patient, having drunk part of the contents of the glass, can replace the rest with a new portion of hot water. If mineral water contains a lot of gases, and their introduction into the body is undesirable (flatulence, increased acidity of gastric juice, etc.), excess gas can be removed by heating the water or by blowing it through a straw. If bottled water is used for treatment, it is necessary to adhere to measures that protect it from spoilage (store in a cool room well corked and in a horizontal position).
The temperature of mineral water is an important healing factor. If the water temperature is above 50-55 ° C, it needs to be cooled, and cold waters are heated. In large resorts near sources where mineral water is dispensed, they resort to mechanized heating, using devices with steam-water or electric heating. Usually, mineral water with a temperature of 10-15 to 45-50 ° C is used for drinking treatment.
Dosage of mineral water. The attending physician must, depending on the characteristics of mineral water, on the nature of the disease, its severity, on the patient's condition, decide on the size of a single and daily dose, on the number of doses during the day. The effect of treatment depends on the correct resolution of these issues. The value of a single dose can range from 1 tbsp. l. up to 1-2 glasses. Medicinal waters containing large amounts of substances with pronounced forms of action require very careful dosage. For example, water from the Georgian Zubiysky spring contains arsenic in the amount of 24 mg per 1 liter of water, the water of the Mukhuri-Lugella source, also located in Georgia, has a high mineralization (54.9 g per 1 liter) and a large amount of calcium and chlorine ions. Laxative waters with strong mineralization also require careful dosage.
Mineral waters are low- and medium-mineralized, more often prescribed 200-250 ml or 400-500 ml per dose, they should be drunk in two doses with an interval of 15-30 minutes between doses.
In case of cardiovascular diseases with unstable compensation, atony of the stomach, violation of its evacuation ability, drinking treatment begins with 1/4, 1/3 or 1/2 cup and only as you get used to the water go to the full dose.
The frequency of taking medicinal water, as well as its daily dose, depends on the individual characteristics of the patient, on the nature of the mineral water and on the tasks that the doctor sets himself. For example, in order to influence the function of the kidneys, the metabolism, it is better to drink mineral water in the morning, on an empty stomach. It quickly enters the intestines, being absorbed, enters the bloodstream in a less altered form than in the conditions of the small intestine overflowing with food.
In cases of gastrointestinal diseases, drinking mineral water is timed with meals. And drinking water is carried out most often 3 times a day: in the morning on an empty stomach, before lunch and before dinner.
It is customary to drink mineral water 15-30 minutes before meals with reduced gastric secretion.
With normal secretion, water is drunk 45-60 minutes before meals. And with increased secretion - 1.5 hours before meals.
In case of metabolic disorders in combination with diseases of the urinary tract, drinking water is allowed, except for the three main meals, and after meals, and the total number of water intakes per day can be increased up to 5-6 times.
Indications for therapeutic (internal) use of mineral waters
Diseases of the digestive system:
1. Reflux - esophagitis.
2. Chronic gastritis.
2.1. With normal secretory function of the stomach.
2.2. With increased secretory function of the stomach.
2.3. With reduced secretory function of the stomach.
3. Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.
4. Diseases of the intestines.
4.1. Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea.
4.2. Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation.
5. Diseases of the liver: chronic viral hepatitis, toxic and drug-induced damage to the liver, fatty degeneration of the liver.
6. Diseases of the gallbladder, biliary tract, pancreas: chronic cholecystitis, cholangitis, cholesterosis of the gallbladder, cholelithiasis, chronic pancreatitis.
7. Disorders of the digestive system after surgical interventions: syndromes of the operated stomach after surgery for peptic ulcer, postcholecystectomy syndromes.
Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.
8.1. Diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent and non-insulin dependent), impaired glucose tolerance.
8.2. Obesity (alimentary).
8.3. Violation of lipoprotein metabolism.
8.4. Violation of salt metabolism.
9. Diseases of the genitourinary system: tubulointerstitial diseases (chronic pyelonephritis), urolithiasis, other diseases (chronic cystitis, urethritis, trigonitis).
10. Blood diseases: iron deficiency anemia.
7.2. Balneological waters (for external use)
carbonic waters. In the mechanism of action of carbon dioxide waters of various chemical compositions, the content and concentration of carbon dioxide are of primary importance. With a therapeutic purpose for external use, carbon dioxide concentrations of 0.75 - 2.0 g / cu. dm.
Carbonic waters are indicated for external use in diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous system, respiratory organs, and digestion. They are most effective in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including the initial stages of heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. If carbonic waters have a high mineralization (20 - 40 g/cubic dm), then when prescribing them, it is necessary to take into account the effect of the salt composition (similar to sodium chloride waters).
Hydrogen sulfide waters. For balneotherapy, hydrogen sulfide waters with a concentration of SUM H2S from 10 to 250 mg/m3 are used. dm. In diseases of the cardiovascular system (ischemic heart disease, hypertension, heart defects), small concentrations (25-100 mg / cubic dm) are more often used, while in diseases of the peripheral vessels, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin higher concentrations are used (up to 250 mg / cubic dm).
Indications for external use: diseases of the circulatory system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin, metabolic diseases.
sodium chloride water. For therapeutic purposes, waters of this class are applied externally at concentrations of 10 - 60 g / cu. dm. It is proved that sodium chloride water 40 - 60 g / cu. dm have a more pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective effect. Water concentration 20 g/cu. dm is more commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease.
Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular, nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, urological.
In recent years, new data have been obtained that have expanded the indications for the use of sodium chloride water, proving their effectiveness in diabetes mellitus with micro- and macroangiopathies, chronic nonspecific lung diseases (chronic bronchitis), and skin diseases.
Iodine-bromine waters. Depending on the predominance of iodine or bromine in sodium chloride water, water can be iodine-bromine, bromine, bromine or iodine. The impact on the body is due to the general mineralization of these waters and the action of biologically active ions of iodine and bromine. It is with the action of iodine and bromine that the effectiveness of the use of iodine-bromine waters in atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis, ovarian dysfunction, their more pronounced sedative, normalizing the main nervous processes action is associated, although there is no unambiguous answer to some questions (thyrotoxicosis).
Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular, central and peripheral nervous system, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, skin, metabolic diseases and endocrine glands.
Radon waters. Radon waters are widely distributed in nature, and there is a long-term experience of their use in resorts and in non-resort conditions.
For therapeutic purposes, radon waters are used with a radon concentration of 5 to 200 nCi / l, with low concentrations of radon in water (5 - 15 nCi / l), special treatment methods are used (running water in a bath, a pool with radon water). When comparing the effect of radon waters of different concentrations (from 40 to 200 nCi / l), it was found that with an increase in concentration, an increase in anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immunocorrective action occurs; along with this, the appearance of negative reactions of a number of body systems (vegetative nervous system, sympathetic-adrenal, etc.) is also noted. Therefore, radon waters with a concentration of 20 - 40 - 80 nCi / l are more often used, less often - 120 nCi / l and very rarely 200 - nCi / l or more.
Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, musculoskeletal system, gynecological, urological, skin.
Radon waters are especially effective in diseases of the organs of support and movement, peripheral nervous system, skin, gynecological due to their pronounced immunocorrective, anti-inflammatory, normalizing the function of the endocrine glands.
Siliceous thermal waters are usually low-mineralized, alkaline ones contain silicic acid 50 mg / cu. dm or more. A characteristic feature of these waters is the presence of gases in them, mainly nitrogen. Small amounts contain radon.
Indications for external use: diseases of the cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, peripheral nervous system, gynecological, skin, some endocrine (thyrotoxicosis).
Arsenic waters vary greatly in their chemical and gas composition. Therefore, the effects of arsenic in natural waters on the body cannot be considered in isolation, and the role of arsenic (in studies with artificially prepared arsenic waters) in the mechanism of their action has not been sufficiently studied.
There is experience in the use of arsenic waters for coronary artery disease, functional disorders of the nervous system, thyrotoxicosis and some others.
Indications for external use of mineral medicinal waters
1. Diseases of the circulatory system: rheumatic heart disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, essential hypotension, cardiomyopathy, diseases of peripheral arteries and veins.
2. Diseases of the nervous system.
2.1. Inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system.
2.2. Cerebrovascular diseases.
2.3. Functional diseases of the nervous system.
2.4. Damage to individual nerves, nerve roots and plexuses; polyneuropathy; diseases of the neuromuscular synapse and muscles; consequences of injuries of the roots, plexuses, nerve trunks, spinal cord and brain; disorders of the autonomic nervous system.
3. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthropathy (infectious, inflammatory osteoarthritis); systemic connective tissue lesions; dorsopathy and spondylopathy; soft tissue diseases; osteopathy and chondropathy.
4. Diseases of the respiratory system: chronic obstructive and non-obstructive bronchitis.
5. Diseases of the digestive system: diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum (reflux - esophagitis, chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum); bowel disease; liver disease; diseases of the gallbladder, biliary tract and pancreas; disorders after surgery.
6. Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders.
6.1. Diseases of the thyroid gland.
6.2. Diabetes.
6.3. Obesity (alimentary).
7. Diseases of the genitourinary system.
7.1. Tubulointerstitial diseases (chronic pyelonephritis, pyelitis, etc.); other diseases of the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis, trigonitis, etc.).
7.2. Urolithiasis disease.
7.3. Diseases of the male genital organs (chronic prostatitis, orchitis, epididymitis, etc.).
7.4. Inflammatory and non-inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs.
8. Skin diseases: dermatitis and eczema, papulosquamous disorders, urticaria, diseases of the skin appendages, scars, keratoses, etc.
mineral water drinking treatment
Vikoristani dzherela:
1. http://www.med.orel.ru/mineral.htm
2. http://www.medn.ru/vodolechenie/3.htm
3. http://www.selivanovskaya.ru/article13.htm
4. http://www.istok-penza.ru/root/encyclopedia/mineral/whatis
5. http://www.vodam.ru/
6. http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D
Water is the cradle of life. About 60% of the body of an adult consists of water, its share in the body of an infant is 75%. Violation of the water balance can cause overwork, fatigue, and the loss of 10% of water threatens human health and life. The daily rate of water consumption depends on many factors and averages 1.5 - 3 liters. It turns out that water can not only quench your thirst, but also improve your health.
The healing properties of mineral water have been known since ancient times and have been used. For example, the name of the famous water Narzan has Abaza roots and means “heroic source”. It was believed that the water from it returns health, youth and beauty. Therefore, local heroes, going to war, always drank from this source in order to gain strength before a difficult campaign.
Modern science has proven the positive effect of mineral water on the body. And numerous balneological health resorts in Russia offer services for the treatment of many diseases with the help of the healing properties of water from sources.
Mineral water spring No. 23 in Kislovodsk
What is mineral water?
Mineral water differs from fresh water by a high content of minerals ranging from 1% to 5%. Water may not contain dry substances, but be mineral due to iodine, bromine, arsenic, lithium and other medicinal components. Waters containing hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and radon have the greatest effect. There is water that does not contain any minerals or other elements in sufficient quantities, but it still belongs to the mineral category. This is due to the fact that both individual elements and water as a whole affect the body.
Classification of mineral waters.
In total, 5 types of mineral waters are distinguished: alkaline, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and combined (mixed). According to the degree of mineralization, they distinguish: low-mineralized water (up to 5 g / l), medium-mineralized (from 5 to 30 g / l) and highly mineralized (over 30 g / l).
There is also a clinical classification, according to which low-mineralized water (up to 1 g/l) is considered to be table water. This means that it can be used as drinking water, bringing only benefits to your body. Water with a mineralization of 1 to 10 g / l is called medical - dining room, it has healing properties, so you should not get too carried away with its use. Medical water is considered to be water with a mineralization of more than 30 g / l. Such water can be drunk only on the recommendation of a doctor.
Useful properties of mineral water.
Treatment with mineral water helps to eliminate or reduce the severity of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (acute gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer), diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract (cholecystitis, pyelonephritis, cholelithiasis), pancreatitis, hepatitis, diseases of the cardiovascular system and respiratory pathways, as well as gynecological diseases and metabolic disorders. At balneological resorts, the therapeutic effect is achieved not only due to the healing properties of mineral waters, but also due to a special resort regimen, a special diet prescribed by the attending physician, a change of scenery and the absence of stress factors. Thus, the most favorable environment for the positive effect of the treatment is created.
The most important mistake that people make when they want to experience the healing effect of mineral water on themselves is its irrepressible use. In this case, instead of benefit, you can get harm. The first thing to do is to consult a doctor, who must determine which mineral water is better to drink, how many times a day, and in what quantity. In addition, there are contraindications in which the use of mineral water is not only undesirable, but also dangerous, for example, many chronic diseases in the acute stage. Therefore, it is best to undergo treatment with mineral waters in specialized balneological sanatoriums.
Sources of mineral waters.
In Russia and the former CIS countries there are many sources of medicinal mineral waters known throughout the world. The resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region (Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki), as well as Borjomi and Arzni are famous for their carbonic waters. Sources of hydrogen sulfide waters are located in the Sochi region, Ust - Kachinsk (Perm region), radon waters - in Pyatigorsk, and ferruginous - in Truskovets.
Methods of treatment with mineral waters.
Mineral waters in sanatoriums enter the body orally (through the mouth), through the rectum, as well as through irrigation and mineral baths.
Health resort doctors treat drinking mineral water very responsibly. For each disease, a certain type of water and the daily rate of its consumption are suitable.
Drinking cure is the oldest method of benefiting from a mineral spring. For example, the resorts of the Caucasian Mineral Waters began to gain popularity in the nineteenth century. The main feature of the treatment with mineral waters of that time was the consumption of large amounts of water (up to three liters per day). Then this process became more streamlined, and mineral baths, showers and rain baths were added to it. After some time, mineral waters became available not only at resorts, but also at home, as this medicinal product began to be bottled in large quantities around the world.
In the narzan gallery
Drinking cure.
Most often, mineral water is consumed in its pure form, with the exception of highly concentrated, which is diluted with plain water so as not to irritate the walls of the stomach. During treatment in sanatoriums that have their own mineral springs, water is usually drunk directly from there. It has been established that during long-term storage of such water in an open container, denaturation occurs in its composition, it loses its temperature and gases, salts settle in it, the water becomes cloudy and loses its taste, as well as many medicinal properties.
Water temperature is an important factor that should also be taken into account during treatment. If it exceeds 55 degrees - the water should be cooled, if it is below 10 degrees - heated. In large resorts, many springs where water is dispensed have mechanical systems for heating water by steam or mechanical heating. Usually, water with a temperature of 10 to 50 degrees is used for treatment.
The dosage of mineral water is prescribed by the attending physician. It depends on the nature and severity of the disease, on the type of mineral water and its properties, on the condition of the patient. To achieve the greatest healing effect, it is necessary to accurately determine the daily dose and the number of doses per day, as well as the duration of the course. The dosage can vary from 1 tablespoon to 1-2 glasses. You should be very careful when prescribing mineral waters with a pronounced degree of action on the body. For example, one of the Georgian springs contains a large amount of arsenic, there are waters with high mineralization or a high content of elements such as chlorine and calcium.
Low- and medium-mineralized water is usually prescribed for the prevention of 200-250 ml., In two doses with an interval of 10-15 minutes. In general, the dosage, frequency and time of administration directly depends on the individual characteristics of the person and his disease.
For example, for maximum impact on kidney function and metabolism, water is best taken in the morning on an empty stomach. So it enters the intestines faster and in a less altered form than on a full stomach.
In diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the use of water is associated with meals. It is usually prescribed to be taken three times a day before meals. With reduced secretion of the stomach, water should be taken 15-30 minutes before meals; with normal - 45-50 minutes, and with increased secretion - 1.5 hours before meals. Moreover, people with reduced secretion are advised to drink water slowly, in small sips, in order to increase the time of its action on the gastric mucosa and increase its secretion. And with increased secretion and acidity of the stomach, on the contrary, it is necessary to drink mineral water in one gulp so that it quickly enters the intestines, and from there it inhibits the production of gastric juice.
For constipation, a small amount of laxative water (Batalinsky) or sodium sulfate or potassium (1-2 teaspoons per glass of water) is added to low-mineralized water. Laxative waters should be drunk quickly so that they quickly enter the intestines. If you drink slowly, the water can cool down, and if the temperature is not high enough, then the effect of it can be reduced.
For the treatment of diseases of the upper respiratory tract, alkaline or saline-alkaline waters mixed with warm milk are prescribed. Usually treatment takes place at home using bottled mineral water. When using such water, you should take care of its proper storage so as not to lose the therapeutic effect. It should be stored in a cool place, tightly closed, and preferably in a horizontal position.
With increased acidity of the stomach and flatulence, mineral water should first be freed from gases. To do this, it can be heated or blown through a straw.
Baths, irrigation and other mineral water treatments.
Along with drinking treatment, according to special indications, mineral enemas, washing and irrigation of the stomach, mineral baths and other procedures are used.
The use of baths and showers with salt water (sodium chloride) relieve pain, reduce inflammation, strengthen the nervous system and increase skin tone.
Baths with mineral water containing nitrogen lower blood pressure and help normalize the body's hematopoietic functions. This is achieved due to the large number of nitrogen bubbles in the water.
Showers, irrigations and baths with hydrogen sulfide water treat nervous disorders, increase immunity, and also restore the functioning of the thyroid and sex glands.
Procedures using carbonic water are usually prescribed for people who have severe illnesses. Such water helps to normalize blood circulation, restore respiratory functions and speed up metabolism. Thanks to special equipment, a kind of "cocktail" of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor is created.
In the process of such procedures, not only mineral water and its chemical elements affect the body, but also a massage effect, which contributes to the saturation of tissues with oxygen, improves blood circulation and improves skin tone.
Thus, the use of mineral water has its own characteristics. So, some species are indicated for some diseases, but have contraindications for taking in other diseases. Therefore, before starting treatment, it is necessary to consult a doctor, preferably a specialist in the field of balneology, which is available in every sanatorium-resort type institution specializing in the treatment of mineral waters.
