What to lay piece parquet on. The main methods of laying piece parquet

Usage natural materials for the interior always makes the house especially luxurious. That is why parquet floors are so popular. Parquet is facing wooden material, which is presented today in the most various types: massive, modular, piece, parquet panels, as well as its artificial counterpart - laminate. The parquet floor has been in the everyday life of man for several centuries. And despite what currently exists a large number of other flooring materials, parquet firmly holds its position as a luxurious and ecological cladding material.

For the manufacture of parquet, the most different breeds trees: oak, maple, ash, birch, beech, and also known only in the tropics, merbau, wenge, mahogany and so on.

Main advantage parquet flooring is durability. If treated correctly and carefully, parquet can last up to a hundred years. In addition, almost everyone can lay parquet on their own.

The technique of laying parquet largely depends on the type of parquet flooring. There are several types:

• Piece parquet is the most common type, consisting of a large number of planks with connecting elements - grooves and ridges. In the manufacture of planks, hardwoods are used. The thickness of the slats is about 15-22 millimeters, the length is 50 centimeters, and the width is 75 millimeters. There are a few various ways installation of such material.
• Massive parquet or solid parquet board is a kind of piece parquet, which differs from it in size. So the length of a massive parquet is at least 50 centimeters, the width is 8 centimeters, the thickness is from 15 millimeters. Also, the difference is that it fits in only one way. This type is relatively more expensive, since more solid wood is used in the manufacture.
• Laminate or laminated parquet is an excellent substitute for natural parquet, and the cost of such material is much cheaper.

Required Tools

When laying a parquet floor, you will need the following tools:

• pencil;
• jigsaw;
• saw;
• a hammer;
• roulette;
• wedges;
• drill;
• nails.

The list of tools varies according to the complexity of the work ahead. If there is a need to apply a concrete screed, then a wooden lath, a trowel and a grinding machine will be required. If the work is carried out over a large area, then it is advisable to use electronic tools (for example, a jigsaw, a laser marking device, an electric drill, a screwdriver), which will save time.

With the help of a polishing machine and an electric planer, you can achieve high-quality parquet flooring. However, all of the above tools are quite expensive, so it’s worth buying them for those who plan to take construction for a long time, otherwise you can rent them.

The type of wood affects not only color scheme, but also on the durability of the parquet, since each type of wood has its own level of moisture resistance and has a different hardness. So, for example, pine or other conifers are not used in the production of parquet, as they have exceptional softness, and this can lead to the fact that, despite varnishing, traces of heels or other objects will remain on the finished parquet. For the manufacture of parquet in most cases, oak, maple, walnut, ash, cherry, beech and so on are used.

The most common of them is classic oak parquet, which, being hard, is highly resistant to moisture, has a beautiful texture and color range of various shades of brown. The disadvantage of such parquet is only its ability to darken over time, in other aspects oak parquet is ideal for use.

It is important to pay attention to the drying time of the parquet, as the option with accelerated drying is not acceptable.

Beech parquet has the same hardness as oak parquet. It has a warm, even red or yellow hue, which is its advantage. However, this type of parquet is quite capricious, since the parquet coating can bend and deform due to changes in temperature and humidity. Such parquet requires very careful maintenance and compliance. necessary conditions for operation.

In terms of hardness, oak flooring is also not inferior, and sometimes even surpasses it, maple parquet, which initially seems white, but turns yellow over time. For such parquet, it is important to take into account the drying time, since the rapid drying of such a coating leads to deformation over time.

Cherry parquet has a brown color with a slight pink tint but darkens after a while. The hardness of this type is less than that of oak, but one way or another, cherry parquet is quite popular, as it is easy to cut and process.

Merbau parquet is an exotic option. Most of all, in such a coating, they are valued for the unusual patterns of the cut of the trunk and for the rich color range, which includes all shades. Brown color. This type of wood is resistant to moisture, but contains so many resins that it is very difficult to process it.

Wood for parquet flooring is selected in accordance with the conditions in which it will be used. Thus, it is good to use cherry coating for a children's room, maple for an office, while oak can be used in any type of room. It is also allowed to combine several types of wood of different shades to create an unusual floor covering pattern.

Preparatory work

The main condition for long-term operation of parquet flooring is an absolutely flat surface on which the material will be laid. The base is performed by means of a screed or lag. In the case of logs, the first layer is laid out from the roofing material, on top of it - with a dense layer of logs, then everything is covered with a sheet of plywood, which protects the parquet from deformation, levels the laying surface, performs the function of thermal insulation and partly sound insulation, and also ensures the strength of the entire coating.

Plywood must have a thickness less than 5 millimeters of the thickness of the parquet planks, but not less than 12 millimeters, otherwise it will not perform its functions. Thin plywood can be used in a double layer in a run.

When laying parquet on a screed, its surface is smeared with glue, plywood squares are laid on it, pressing tightly and fixing with self-tapping screws or dowel-nails. A gap of at least 1-1.5 millimeters must be left between the plywood sheets in order to avoid deformation of the parquet flooring in case of plywood expansion.

It is also necessary to leave a gap - an expansion joint, between the plywood and the wall of 2-3 millimeters. So that it does not move, wedges are inserted into it, if desired.

Cement screed is a reliable basis for the parquet floor of an apartment or private house. It must be made even, strong and dry. Surface fluctuations should not exceed millimeters per 2 square meters, otherwise a self-leveling floor is used. At the same time, the moisture content of the substrate should be no higher than 2%, maximum 4%. Humidity is measured using a special carbide device or using an electronic instrument.

If you do not wait for the screed to dry completely and lay the parquet hastily, this will lead to the fact that the wood material will absorb moisture and the floor will deform.

For better adhesion of the adhesive and the surface, the surface of the screed is pre-primed. It is important to keep in mind that the materials must be compatible, that is, the adhesive and primer must be the same type. At elevated level humidity (4%), you can apply a polyurethane composition to create an additional waterproofing barrier. The primer is applied with a spatula or roller.

Next, a sheet of plywood is fixed on a completely dried surface. Plywood, like parquet, “acclimatizes” after some time, spending several days in the room where it will be installed. Plywood sheets are taken with a size of 1.5 × 1.5 meters, and, as already mentioned, with a thickness of at least 12 millimeters. And they are divided into four equal parts, which are attached to the floor with self-tapping screws and one-component glue. In some cases, plywood is also fixed with screws without the use of glue. This, of course, is easier and takes less time, but plywood sheets begin to creak after some time.

To fix one element of 0.75 square meters, 9 self-tapping screws are required. Between the sheets can form a difference, which is natural. It is eliminated by means of a drum-type parquet grinder, processing not the entire surface, but only the joints between the panels.

Laying on logs

Lags are laid in steps of 35-40 centimeters. For laying the log, use bars 50 × 50 or 80 × 50. Logs are attached to the floor with dowels and corners. It is necessary that during the laying process the logs form a flat plane, for which, in the places of formation of drops, wooden stands are placed or the excess is trimmed.

Upon completion of the arrangement, the log is nailed to the plywood using self-tapping screws without the use of glue. The step of plywood squares is 10-15 centimeters. Plywood is nailed both to the edges and in the middle to each log. It is also important to leave a gap between the plywood sheets.

Laying on an old wooden floor

If laying is done on an old wooden floor, then it is checked for serviceability: the absence of dips, squeaks and other unwanted defects anywhere. If they are present, the floor is partially dismantled and the logs are repaired. Having corrected the defects, the surface of the old floor is polished and the parquet is laid. It is also possible to lay directly on a wooden subfloor without the use of plywood.

Ways of laying piece parquet

Laying piece parquet is done in several ways:

• floating laying method;
• laying with parquet glue;
• laying by fixing with screws or nails;
• laying with parquet glue with fixing with self-tapping screws or nails.

floating laying method

With the floating method of laying, parquet planks are attached only to each other using a tongue-and-groove system, not fixed to the base. Soundproofing material (for example, cork) is laid under the floor so that it does not creak. The essence of such laying is the ability of parquet planks to narrow and expand in accordance with changes in humidity and temperature. However, this type of coating is not strong enough, since one lock connection can loosen and deform the weight of the floor.

Adhesive laying

Laying on glue is more durable, but not very maintainable. The base is lubricated with glue and parquet planks are laid according to the tenon-groove system. This method more time-consuming and costly due to the consumption of glue.

Laying by fixing with screws or nails

This is the most durable, therefore, the most popular method. With this laying, the floor is almost not subject to deformation due to the fact that it is fixed on all sides. However, this coating cannot be repaired.

Step-by-step laying of strip parquet

To obtain a beautiful even pattern, it is recommended to first draw it on a sheet of paper, taking into account all the dimensions of the parquet planks and the room with accuracy. If, in accordance with the pattern, any row does not turn out to be whole, the pattern is redone in such a way that the cropped rows are at the edges of the room, and only even rows are in the center.

Consider an example of laying parquet using the Herringbone method. The room is marked, its middle is determined. A cord is stretched from the wall to the opposite wall of the wills in the middle of the room, on which it is necessary to navigate. Two planks of parquet are connected in a herringbone pattern by inserting a spike into a groove. Glue is applied to the ends, spike and groove. The plywood base, starting from the far wall, is also smeared with glue using a notched trowel. “The herringbone is applied to the plywood in such a way that the right plank rests on the cord, and the left one presses it to the base. The planks are pressed against the plywood, squeezing out excess glue, and fixed with self-tapping screws or nails, screwing them in at an angle of 45 degrees. Their hats should sink into the base. For each plank of 40 centimeters there are at least 2 fasteners.

When laying, the person performing the work must sit in such a way that the spike of the planks is located towards him.

Subsequent planks are laid according to the pattern. Glue is applied to the plywood base along the width of the plank with a layer of 1-1.5 millimeters. The bar is applied and inserted into the longitudinal and end groove of the previous one. The bar is hit with a rubber mallet and fixed into the groove with self-tapping screws.

First of all, according to the model of the “Christmas Tree”, rows of parquet planks are laid on the right and left. Next, a row is laid to the right of the “Christmas Tree”, then to the left. The action continues in the same way until the laying area reaches the walls. The remaining narrow spaces near the walls are filled with cut-out planks to size. A gap of 2-3 millimeters is left between the last row and the wall, into which wedges are driven.

Any subsequent work is allowed to be carried out at least a week later, until the glue is completely dry. Some experts even advise waiting six months for the parquet planks to finally take their position.

Block parquet, in addition to the classic “Christmas tree”, is also laid with other various patterns and ornaments: “deck”, “squares”, “braid”, “braid with inserts”, “rhombuses”, “Sheremetievskaya star”, as well as their combinations.

This procedure is necessary to achieve ideal flat surface and removal of defects that have arisen during operation. Grinding is carried out using special grinders or by means of an ordinary grinder with a circle of sandpaper. The first option is, of course, preferable and produces less dust. For the first and second time, grinding is carried out using a coarse grain, cutting off large irregularities, the third - using a fine one to obtain a smooth coating and remove roughness from the first grindings. Upon completion, the floor is thoroughly vacuumed, removing fine dust.

Priming and puttying strip parquet

It is recommended to putty the surface of the parquet with a special putty for wood, filling all the bumps and cracks. When the putty dries, the floor is sanded again with fine grain, removing excess putty, and vacuumed. The primer is made in order to improve the adhesion of varnish and parquet. At the same time, thanks to the primer, the varnish does not penetrate deep into the wood structure.

Coating the parquet floor with varnish or oil

The parquet is varnished to protect the wood from mechanical stress or moisture. Only 3-9 layers of varnish are allowed per parquet floor. The more layers of varnish applied, the deeper the image will be. The varnish is applied with a roller immediately over the entire surface, then left to dry for 1-1.5 days. Work on applying varnish should be done in clean shoes.

While the varnish dries, it is not allowed to leave windows open or entrance doors, turn on ventilation or air conditioning or create a draft. To dry the varnish, you need the most calm conditions.

Each subsequent layer of varnish is also applied using a roller, leaving the coating to dry for each layer for 1-1.5 days. The final layer dries for at least a week in order to walk on it, but the furniture can be brought in at least a month later, even two.

Parquet lacquer can be selected glossy or matt on request.

Laying strip parquet usually costs several times more than laying solid board, but the result is more durable, and there is also less risk that the floor will squeak.

Laying parquet takes a fairly large amount of time and requires a lot of effort in order to correctly and efficiently perform all the necessary work.

Before proceeding directly to the laying of the parquet itself, it is worth carefully leveling the floor surface, because it must be perfectly flat, without any slopes and recesses.

Depending on the optimal method, parquet leveling can take from one day to several weeks. After the floor is completely prepared, you can immediately start laying the piece parquet.

First of all, a layer of plywood is laid on the prepared floor, and then the parquet planks are laid on top. It takes a certain time to complete all the work, which depends on the size of the planks of the parquet itself, as well as the complexity of the pattern and, of course, on the area of ​​​​the room itself in which the installation work is carried out.

Laying uncoated strip parquet - work steps

• preparatory stage and leveling of the floor surface;
• installation work on laying piece parquet;
• sanding parquet boards;
• parquet priming and varnishing.

It is necessary to lay piece parquet strictly in a certain order.

Installation work on laying piece parquet

2. After a few days, you can proceed to the next stage of parquet installation, namely grinding. The floor covering must without fail undergo grinding in order to level the surface, as well as clean it from various contaminants formed during the laying process. 3. After the grinding process has been carried out, it is imperative to putty all the gaps between the laid planks, because even with perfect laying of the floor covering, there is a slight deformation of the boards under the influence of moisture, which is absorbed into the wood from the adhesive. 4. After that, it is imperative to re-grind in order for the surface to become perfectly flat. Upon completion of all work, it is necessary to prime the parquet and open it with varnish. At the same time, it is worth remembering that you need to open the surface of the piece parquet at least several times so that it looks even and shiny. When everything is ready, you need to wait a certain time for the floor to dry well.

Parquet varnishing

The final stage of laying the parquet board is its varnishing. It is on its quality that the service life of the floor covering itself depends. The varnish helps to protect the parquet from moisture penetration into it, as well as from mechanical impact on it.

The appearance of the flooring largely depends on the quality of the varnish itself. To emphasize the exquisite pattern of wood, as well as make the room much larger and lighter, it is worth using a glossy varnish, which, among other things, has an excellent shine.

Using a matt lacquer, you can somewhat cool a very bright pattern applied to the parquet, and the room looks very cozy.

Laying a piece of parquet takes a lot of time, and also requires a lot of capital investment. However, with proper operation, its service life significantly exceeds the life of a natural board, because it can be easily repaired. That is why, by laying such a floor covering, you can ensure comfort in the house for a long time.

Related Articles

The service life of the coating, its performance, and appearance depend on how high-quality the laying of parquet will be. Therefore, when deciding to carry out the installation with your own hands, you must first thoroughly study the features of the process, draw up an action plan, and prepare a set of specialized tools.

The bonus will be a thematic video "Laying parquet: video with step-by-step instructions", visually teaching right action which can be found at the end of the article. As for the parquet itself, everything is simple here. Piece - the most popular version of it, practical and easy to use, fixed by the "thorn-groove" locking system with a thickness of slats from 15 to 22 mm, a length of up to 50 cm and a width of up to 75 mm. Below are several options for laying the material.

Laying strip parquet is almost as easy as laying a parquet board, but there can be many more pattern options.

Regardless of what the laying of piece parquet will be (there are several installation methods), an important condition is proper preparation grounds. The base can be made on the basis of a concrete screed, cement or log. If this is the third option, then the first layer is formed from roofing felt, covering it with logs and plywood to level the surface, heat and sound insulation of the coating. In addition, plywood sheets as an auxiliary layer guarantee high level strength of the finished floor.

If we are talking about a concrete screed, then the surface of the base is carefully leveled with self-leveling mixtures, if necessary, polished for additional evenness, cleaned and dried. As an intermediate layer, square-shaped plywood sheets fixed to the base with dowel-nails are also used.

It is important not to forget about the gap between the sheets of at least 1 mm in case of expansion of the material under the influence of temperature changes and moisture. Another gap of strategic importance is the expansion joint between the wall surface and plywood - at least 2 mm. For convenience, at this stage, wedges are used, which are removed during the installation of skirting boards.

This intermediate layer is also possible.

Cement screed as a base for parquet flooring must also be dry, clean, even and practical. Height differences of more than a millimeter per two square meters are not allowed. Floor humidity should be between 2% and 4%.

To improve the adhesion of parquet to the floor, it would be advisable to treat the base with primer mixtures before installation. Glue and primer must be combined with each other - the quality of adhesion depends on this. When the humidity level exceeds the norm, a polyurethane composition is used that creates a waterproofing barrier. Priming mixtures are applied with a spatula or roller.

Just as in the previous two cases, between cement base and parquet, it will be correct to lay sheets of plywood to improve sound and thermal insulation properties. Optimal parameters intermediate material - 1.5 × 1.5 meters with a thickness of 12 mm. They fix plywood to the base with self-tapping screws or parquet glue, as an option, the use of screws is also allowed, although this method is not the most practical, since over time the floor under the parquet will loosen and cause creaking.

It is not necessary to do the entire floor from scratch, you can often use the existing one

Another option for installing parquet is on an old wooden floor. Here, work can begin only after careful preparation of the base with a solution to the problems of creaking, dips, deformations and other defects.

Before laying parquet on the old floor, it is dismantled in damaged areas, repaired, sanded, cleaned and dried. In this case, plywood sheets as an intermediate layer will not be needed, since the wood base itself will play its role.

Installation options for piece parquet - what methods are used

Most often, laying parquet with your own hands is done using the floating method. This option is the easiest, since the floor elements are equipped with a special locking system and are simply attached to each other without dust, dirt and extra effort. The joining of the slats occurs according to the tenon-groove principle. When performing installation using this system, you need to remember that the floor is not fixed on the base, which means it will be especially susceptible to changes in the microclimate in the room. Hence the name - floating mounting method.

To exclude deformation of the coating, one should not forget about the gap between the planks of the first row and the wall (at least 1 cm), subsequently masked by skirting boards.

Strip plank with grooves

Lay the boards in a floating method on a layer of vapor barrier and sound insulation. It is convenient to use cork material for this, the porous structure of which increases its thermal insulation properties.

The advantage of the floating method is the high laying speed, ease of operation, the absence of dust and dirt, as well as the ability to repair the floor in certain areas during operation if necessary.

When laying strip parquet on a plywood floor with glue, you need to be careful so that there are no cracks and gaps

The technology of laying piece parquet on glue will turn out to be somewhat different. First of all, this option involves the preparation of materials for the work. This is necessarily a high-quality parquet one- or two-component adhesive (preferably water-based), a roller, brushes, a spatula for application, as well as a drill with a nozzle to obtain a homogeneous mass.

The floorboards are mounted on a base smeared with glue (only a section for one row is prepared), with their associated connection using a locking system. Just as in the previous case, leave an indent between the wall and the planks of the first row of 1 cm, driving plastic or wooden wedges in this place.

The main technologies for installing parquet flooring - the nuances of laying

In addition to options for fastening methods, there are also different ways installations that affect the appearance of the finished floor. Most often, the following types of masonry are used:

• deck;
• "herringbone";
• squares;
• mosaic;
• diamonds;
• Sheremetiev star.

Consider the difference between parquet laying in each of the options.

Deck laying is parquet boards, laid out in a longitudinal way with each next row shifted by half. This method of installation contributes to an increase in the level of floor rigidity. They mount the plates from the wall, which is opposite the door, gradually moving towards the exit.

To obtain a floor that visually represents a seamless glossy surface, the planks are fixed longitudinally to the light entering the window. Before starting the installation, the plates of the first row are laid out taking into account the indentation from the wall, marking the cut line from the last element.

For a strong fixation, before mounting each subsequent row, at the junction of the connection of two planks, the board of the next row is connected, slightly loosening it to align the connection horizontally. So do with all the joints. An electric jigsaw is suitable for sawing planks. Such a tool will not damage the surface of the elements.

You can also lay the parquet diagonally on the deck, having previously drawn a diagram on the base for ease of installation.

Deck laying looks interesting, despite the simplicity of the pattern

You can lay the parquet correctly in a herringbone pattern using planks that have spikes on two corner sides and grooves on the other two sides. Installation is carried out in such a way that the connections are in the same direction.

You can mount the strips at an angle to the walls of 45 or 90 degrees. Installation begins with a lighthouse "Christmas tree", that is, with laying the first two rows to set the main line. The initial "herringbone" should be perfectly even, so it is recommended to use a stretch from a fishing line or a drawing to align the dies. The parquet is mounted on glue with additional fixation using a locking system.

Parquet, laid with a mosaic or wickerwork, is a square or rectangle of dice. Posting a picture is pretty easy. To do this, the planks are laid out in the form of the desired geometric figure, lining them up perpendicular to each other with each subsequent shift to the side for the effect of a chessboard.

Christmas tree styling is one of the most popular

There are many laying options in this way, ranging from a simple mosaic with alternating plank circles in the same direction with a circle inside in the perpendicular direction and ending with crosses, stripes, etc. Just as in the previous case, installation begins with laying the beacon row. You can arrange the figures at an angle of 45 degrees, which implies a large consumption of parquet.

You can lay parquet on your own using the Sheremetyevskaya Star technology using rectangular and inclined diamond-shaped elements. Mosaic, laid out on the floor in this way, will decorate the interior. To achieve the desired effect, laying is carried out according to a pre-drawn scheme.

How to work with artistic parquet - features

Artistic parquet - a subspecies of the classic piece parquet with patterns formed by combining dice with different parameters, colors, shades. These can be boards from one type of wood, or from several, different in appearance, but in harmony with each other in terms of properties.

Flooring based on artistic parquet has a number of advantages compared to conventional flooring:

• the surface looks unusual and original, allowing you to emphasize the individuality of the interior in the room;
• finished floor does not require use additional elements decor, as it is a holistic harmonious composition;
• the service life exceeds several decades, subject to the rules of care and use while maintaining appearance and operational qualities;
• the coating is environmentally friendly and safe;
• high level of heat and sound insulation properties;
• unpretentiousness in care;
• the possibility of carrying out repair and restoration work.

Proper laying of artistic parquet allows you to create interesting geometric patterns in a simple way - by connecting the dies into a "thorn groove". Floor elements can differ in fiber pattern due to different sawing options. Artistic parquet is mounted after finishing walls and ceilings, fastening with communications.

An interesting drawing of artistic parquet always attracts attention and adds unusualness to the room.

In the process of carrying out work in the room, optimal temperature and humidity conditions are maintained. The temperature is within 18-23 degrees Celsius above zero, humidity - no more than 60%.

As for the laying itself, it consists of the same steps as the installation of conventional piece parquet. At the initial stage, the base is prepared - it must be dry, clean and even, after which it is treated with primer mixtures, a layer of thermal and waterproofing is arranged. Fasten the boards in one of the above ways, choosing best option laying from ready-made schemes or working according to an individual plan.

On the final stage the coating is puttied, sanded, primed and varnished with the number of layers from two to seven. As an option, you can consider a coating based on oil mixtures or mastic, but in the case of artistic parquet, it is the lacquer layer that will be most appropriate, as it can not only protect the floor, but also emphasize its luxury and elegance.

Like any other parquet floor, artistic parquet requires pre-training and proper care to preserve its integrity and appearance

A refined and beautiful floor is the dream of any owner. To create it, you can use various floor coverings, but parquet stands out among all their diversity. This type of flooring has been known for many centuries and is still very popular, despite the laborious installation process. All work on laying parquet should be trusted to a master of his craft, but for those who are willing to work hard and know how to handle a tool, laying parquet with their own hands is quite feasible.

Laying parquet video - lesson

Parquet laying technology

Having decided to do all the work on laying parquet with your own hands, you first need to familiarize yourself with the laying technology. If, during the work, a number of serious mistakes, then even mastery of the tool will not save you from the need for subsequent repair or alteration of the entire parquet flooring. Therefore, to avoid additional cash and labor costs, you need to know the following.

To create a reliable and durable parquet, it is necessary to perform a series of preparatory work. First of all, this concerns the base on which the parquet will be laid. It can be wooden or concrete, but it must be strong, even, without recesses and various kinds of damage. The permissible difference in surface heights should be no more than 2 mm per linear meter.

If you have to lay parquet on wooden base, it is necessary to inspect the floor for failed or poorly fixed floorboards and differences between them. If no dips are found, but there are poorly fixed and creaking boards, then we fix them with self-tapping screws. Differences and irregularities between the floorboards are eliminated by scraping the surface. If it is not possible to cycle the boards and thereby remove the differences, then you can putty them using a mixture based on PVA and sawdust. The most time-consuming work will be in the presence of floorboard failures. To eliminate this drawback, you will have to disassemble the floor to the lag. If the logs are in good condition, then you can make substrates under the floorboards and fix them to the logs with self-tapping screws. If rotten or damaged logs are found, they will have to be replaced and then reassembled the entire structure of the wooden floor. Having completed all the work to eliminate the shortcomings and create a solid wooden base, we lay a plywood substrate on it.

Before laying parquet, the floor can be leveled with a self-levelling compound.

Today under parquet is more popular concrete base. With it, there is somewhat less hassle in preparation, and it is more durable and strong compared to wood. But before laying parquet on it, it is necessary to revise the concrete floor. If cracks, depressions or drops are found, they should be eliminated. To do this, you can make a surface screed with a self-leveling mixture and, after it has completely dried, proceed with laying the parquet. More time-consuming work will be in the case of crumbling concrete. Then you have to completely remove the old concrete screed refill it and let it dry completely. As soon as all work on the preparation of the concrete base is completed, we lay a plywood substrate on it.

The next requirement is a certain level of humidity during laying and subsequent operation. Wood is very sensitive to high humidity, so it is highly undesirable to use parquet in the kitchen, bathroom or toilet. During laying, it is necessary to observe the temperature regime - not lower than + 18 ° C, the humidity level in the range of 35 - 65%.

Now it's time to start choosing parquet, which today is quite large, so you can pick up whatever your heart desires. In addition, to create a unique flooring, you can contact a designer who will create unique project with or without drawing. You can opt for classic styling options. And you can, by independently combining different types of wood and ways of laying parquet, get your own pattern. After the parquet has been purchased and delivered home, it must be aged indoors for 48 hours, "get used" to the microclimate. This is necessary so that after laying the parquet surface does not swell, the lamellas retain their shape, and there are no squeaks in the future.

Laying strip parquet step by step

Laying piece parquet is a painstaking work that requires increased attention and patience.

Laying parquet should begin with a plywood substrate. First, the leveled wooden or concrete surface is thoroughly cleaned of construction debris. We use an industrial vacuum cleaner to remove all the dust. If left as is, dust and debris will prevent the plywood from bonding well to the substrate surface, reducing the adhesive's astringent properties.

Now you need to cut a large sheet of moisture-resistant plywood 1525 * 1525 mm 12 mm thick into 4 pieces. This can be done with a manual circular. Such small sheets will ensure its best fit to the base. We lay the resulting sheets from the wall, starting from the corner opposite from the doors. We leave a gap of 10 - 15 mm between the wall and the plywood sheets, and in order not to disturb it during work, we drive in special pegs between the wall and the plywood sheet. It should be noted that this gap must also be maintained for the parquet, so we select the pegs of a sufficiently high height so that they are 5-10 mm higher from the edge of the parquet. This is done so that the wood has the opportunity to expand slightly during seasonal changes in the level of humidity in the room, thereby maintaining the integrity of the flooring.

It is more convenient and safer to lay piece parquet on plywood sheets.

We also leave expansion joints of 2 - 5 mm between plywood sheets, but without pegs. Before laying the plywood sheets, we apply special glue to the place of their laying with a notched trowel, after that we put the plywood. The second row of sheets is laid with a slight offset relative to the butt joints of the first row, in other words, "out of order".

For additional fixation of plywood to the base, we use dowel-screws. One sheet of plywood will require 8 pcs. To do this, we drill deep holes with an impact drill and screw self-tapping screws there. It is better to do this work with a screwdriver, it is faster and easier. It is recommended to use galvanized self-tapping screws No. 8; when screwing them in, the head must be sunk 1–2 mm into the sheet so that during subsequent grinding of the plywood surface, the drum of the grinder is not damaged.

Regardless of how even the base was created, when laying plywood sheets, small differences are formed that need to be removed. To do this, you can sand the entire surface of the plywood backing, but to save time and money, you can sand only the joints of the sheets. In the grinder we use an abrasive with a grain of P36 - P40. Then we vacuum the resulting surface and prime it. We apply the primer with a roller and make sure that it saturates all sheets of plywood well.

Important! In the process of laying parquet, you will need various construction tools (parquet grinder, industrial vacuum cleaner, surface grinder, etc.). Some tools are quite expensive and are required only by people who are professionally engaged in laying strip parquet. Therefore, it is easier to rent all the expensive equipment, and such small tools as a screwdriver, hand grinders, an air gun and a drill can be purchased for personal use.

Having completed all the preparatory work and created a reliable plywood substrate, you can start laying piece parquet along individual project, or using one of the classic styling methods. The most popular ways of laying parquet are as follows:

"Deck" is one of simple ways laying block parquet, reminiscent of a patterned floor on the deck of a ship

• deck laying;
• Herringbone;
• squares;

"Pletenka" - one of the most common ways of laying piece parquet

• Braid with inserts from other types of wood;
• Sheremetievskaya star;
• Diamonds.

As well as combinations of the above styling methods in combination with various patterns and shapes.

In order to do everything right, you will have to mark the future parquet on plywood. And if with such styling options as a deck, herringbone or squares, everything is quite simple, then in the case of artistic inserts, everything will be an order of magnitude more complicated. To facilitate the marking, it is necessary to make an exact scaled copy of the room and draw on it what the parquet will look like, and then transfer everything to the floor.

Important! You can do the marking of simple laying methods yourself, but in the case of artistic inserts, it is better to turn to a professional.

To fix the parquet planks on the floor surface, apply glue

Now that there is a markup, you can lay the parquet planks. We start from the opposite corner from the door. On a small surface area of ​​plywood, we apply glue with a notched trowel and lay the first die with a “groove” against the wall. Then we fix it with pneumatic nails. To do this, at an angle of 45 degrees, we drive pneumatic nails into the “thorn” of the die. Next, we lay the second die of the first row, with the help of a hammer and a bar we finish it to the first die and fix it with pneumatic nails. Depending on the laying method, we form the first row of parquet. The whole algorithm of actions (we apply glue, put a die, finish it off with a hammer through the bar, fix it with pneumatic nails) is repeated throughout the installation.

Important! Remember about the compensation temperature gap between the wall and parquet. Upon completion of laying, it will be necessary to get spacer pegs from there. When performing work, for convenience, you should purchase special knee pads, as you will have to kneel a lot, which is very inconvenient for a long time.

Once indoor installation is complete, allow the adhesive to dry before proceeding with further work. Drying time is indicated on the package. Then we proceed to polishing the parquet. To do this, we use a special drum-type grinder. We grind until the surface is smooth and of the same type. Usually 2 - 3 passes are enough to achieve this. In hard-to-reach places, such as corners or near walls, use an angle grinder. Then we bring it to the ideal with another machine - a surface grinder.

The final polishing of the parquet surface is carried out using a machine.

Now it remains to putty the cracks in the parquet and proceed to the final grinding of the surface. The final step will be the application of varnish protective coating. All work on puttying and applying varnish should be carried out in the means personal protection and take a break from time to time.

The application of a protective varnish coating on the parquet is mandatory - this will save it from mechanical damage.

Despite the complexity and laboriousness of laying piece parquet, this type of flooring is the most beautiful and prestigious. Its creation will require from the master not only a good ability to handle the tool, but also patience during the performance of all work.

Parquet flooring, despite its many years of use and the ever-growing variety of floor materials, does not lose ground and is still popular and in demand. After all, it is unusually pleasant to independently lay out an unusual pattern on a natural wood flooring. For this reason, the question does not lose its relevance: how to properly lay a parquet board with your own hands - then we will consider step-by-step instructions.

The main types of parquet for do-it-yourself laying

The most common types of parquet:

• piece;
• parquet board;
• laminated (laminate);
• modular.

Popularity block parquet pretty big. It consists of plates small sizes. A parquet board is a multilayer structure consisting of one or more lower auxiliary layers and an upper front layer having decorative look characteristic wood structure. Along the perimeter, each plank is equipped with locking elements in the form of a spike and a groove for connecting the planks to each other.

The length of the plates, as a rule, is a multiple of its width, which allows you to create a variety of geometric ornaments when decorating a parquet floor.

Parquet standard sizes:

• width - from 5 to 7.5 centimeters;
• length - from 21 to 49 centimeters;
• thickness - in the range: 14-22 millimeters.

The optimal thickness of parquet for flooring in a residential area is 15-18 mm. With a smaller thickness, the number of scrapings of such a parquet floor is limited, only one processing may be allowed. Thicker planks allow repeated scraping, but do not have elasticity.

parquet board differs from piece parquet only in size. Its average dimensions are as follows:

• width - from 12 to 20 cm;
• length - from 1.1 m to 2.5 m;
• thickness - in the range: 1-2.2 cm.

Parquet boards or modules- on a coniferous basis, a composition of parquet elements fastened together is typed and glued onto it. Such a module has a thickness: from 22 to 40 mm. Usually they are square in shape with side sizes: 400, 500, 600, 800 mm. Laying modular parquet is much faster than laying piece parquet. On the laid flooring it is difficult to determine whether it is piece parquet or modular parquet.

Modular parquet allows you to make the simplest floor luxurious, in the style of the royal palace. Compositions are made up of modules, ornaments are much more complex and interesting than "herringbone" or "wickerwork".

The process of laying a parquet floor contains several stages:

1. Preparation of an old concrete or wooden base.
2. Waterproofing installation.
3. Performing a screed to level the surface of the base.
4. A screed can be replaced by laying a log.
5. Priming treatment of the screed.
6. Sheets of moisture-resistant plywood are glued to the screed or attached to the logs.
7. Laying parquet on plywood.
8. Sanding parquet flooring.
9. Putty parquet.
10. Priming of the surface of the parquet floor under the varnish.
11. Coating parquet with varnish layers (from 3 to 9).

All of these points must be carried out with high quality, otherwise there is no guarantee of long-term operation of the parquet flooring.

Preparing for parquet installation

Parquet material is laid on a rough base, usually it is:

• concrete floor, covered with a screed or without it;
• logs specially installed for laying the coating;
• plywood sheets or plank floor, repaired, sanded.

Before laying the parquet, it is necessary to prepare the rough base, if necessary, to repair it. After the repair of the concrete base, a layer of waterproofing should be laid on its surface. It can be a polyethylene film (200 microns), laid with overlapping parts of about 15 cm, fastened with adhesive tape.

This is followed by the stage of performing a leveling screed, its thickness is about 5 cm. Before the next stages of work, the screed needs time (1-2 months) to dry completely. Haste is unacceptable, since the wood material of the parquet, laid on a poorly dried screed, will absorb moisture from it, which will subsequently cause deformation of the parquet elements.

After drying, the surface of the screed should be primed. The surface of the screed must be flat. Permissible differences in its height: no more than 2 mm per 2 meters of the floor. This is checked by a two-meter flat rail, when it is positioned on the base in any direction, the maximum allowable clearance between it and the surface of the screed is 2 millimeters, it is better if it is smaller. A slope with a limitation of its size is allowed: no more than 0.2%, in fact it is unacceptable to exceed 5 cm.

There is another option: with the help of a self-adjusting floor, the preparation time for the concrete base will be reduced to one day.

Laying plywood under parquet on a screed

Moisture-resistant plywood sheets with a thickness of at least 12 mm should be cut into 4 equal parts.

The functions of moisture-resistant plywood under parquet are quite serious:

1. The surface is almost perfectly aligned.
2. The function of thermal insulation and sound insulation.
3. Adds durability.
4. It is a strong foundation for mounting parquet slabs. If they are attached directly to the screed, then when its surface layer is destroyed, the parquet floors will fall out. Mounting on plywood sheets is strong, holds them firmly.

Possible laying parquet without plywood directly on the screed only by adhesive method:

The plywood sheets must be 5mm thinner than the thickness of the parquet. But a thickness of less than 12 mm does not make sense to use as a base, because it is too small. In such a situation, it is possible to lay plywood sheets in two layers, but with a spaced seam.

Then a layer of glue is applied to the surface of the screed, plywood squares are laid according to the brickwork method, with offset joints, after which they are fastened with self-tapping screws. The caps are recessed 3 mm deep into the plywood to avoid further damage to the grinding machine disc.

Be sure to leave a gap of 3 mm between the plywood pieces to avoid deformation of the parquet from the expansion of the plywood.
Also leave gaps between each wall and plywood sheets of about 1 cm, this is a technological gap. It is possible to insert spacer wedges for stability.

The wedges are not removed until the parquet flooring is laid. After pulling out the wedges, the existing gap should be filled with foam so that the sidewalls of the parquet do not suffer from moisture during the further operation of the floor. The foamed gap will be hidden under the baseboard.

Next, you need to withstand the drying time of the glue - it is indicated on the packaging by the manufacturer. After the glue dries, the plywood surface is sanded at the seams, removing the difference in the levels of adjacent squares.

It is not necessary to pour a leveling screed onto a concrete base, you can use the old proven method: lay the floor on logs. So there is no need to level the concrete base, but waterproofing will need to be done, a dense plastic film is suitable for this purpose.

Then the lag is laid every 40 cm. In this capacity, bars with a section of 50 by 50 mm or 50 by 80 mm are suitable. The lags are attached to the base with corners and dowels. To ensure a constant level of the lag in a place where the level is not observed (higher or lower), you can put backing wedges or, conversely, cut off a little with a planer.

The thickness of plywood sheets should be 5 mm less than the thickness of parquet boards. But, since the thickness of plywood less than 12 mm is insufficient for flooring as a base for parquet, therefore the plywood substrate is laid on the logs in two layers, their total thickness is about 30 mm.

Plywood sheets cut into 4 equal rectangles are attached to the logs using self-tapping screws. Observe the offset of the seams between the sheets, as in brickwork, necessarily. Gaps between sheets of 2-3 mm and a technological gap near the walls of 1 cm are also required.

In a similar way, another row of pieces of plywood is laid on top. When laying the second floor, keep an eye on the offset of the seams: the seams of the first and second rows must not coincide. The bottom row of plywood sheets is processed with a primer, then with glue.

Then they are fixed with self-tapping screws, their size is determined by the thickness of two layers of plywood sheets. The caps are recessed 3 mm deep into the plywood to avoid further damage to the grinding machine disc. When the glue dries, sand the plywood.

Preparing an old plank floor

When laying parquet on an old plank floor, you should definitely inspect it meticulously. Creaks, dips, rotten floorboards are unacceptable. If one of these defects is present, it is necessary to repair the floor and repair or replace the logs.

The repaired plank base must be sanded. You can lay parquet material directly on a leveled plank base without laying sheet plywood.

Parquet flooring methods

The technological process of laying parquet material can be performed in various ways:

• floating method;
• adhesive method;
• flooring with fixation with nails;
• laying on parquet glue with fixation with nails.

At floating method laying parquet are fastened to each other by inserting a spike into the groove. In this case, no fasteners are made to the base. Laminate flooring is laid in the same floating pattern.
So that the “floating” parquet floor does not creak in the future, a soundproof layer, for example, cork, is laid under it.

The parquet floors connected in this way will be able to change their dimensions in the direction of increasing or decreasing with changes in temperature or humidity - without consequences. Such a "floating" parquet is easy to repair work- its disassembly and assembly are quite possible. In terms of strength, such a floor is not in the first positions: with the weakening of at least one lock connection the entire coating loses its stability and can deform.

Laying parquet with glue- more durable, but it is very difficult to repair if necessary. A sufficiently thick adhesive layer is applied to the base, parquet boards are placed on it, a spike is inserted into the groove. This method requires an increase in labor and financial costs due to the high consumption of glue.

Laying on a layer of glue with fixation with hardware- the most durable and in demand. The floor laid in this way does not deform, because the parquets are fastened in all directions. But this parquet flooring cannot be repaired.

Laying a piece parquet board: step by step instructions

To create a beautiful and even pattern on the parquet, we will develop its scheme in advance on a sheet of paper. We will take the correct dimensions of the room and parquet - on a scale. If on paper any row does not fit with whole strips, then we redo the scheme in such a way that the edged rows are located around the perimeter of the room, and in the center - only whole ones. The beginning of laying parquet is also determined by the pattern.

We consider laying by the herringbone method.

It is possible to continue the work no earlier than after 7 days, it is necessary to allow the glue to dry. Sometimes experts advise to withstand six months, so that the parquet lays down well.

The next stage of work will be polishing the surface of the parquet in two passes or even more. Applied for each entry different kind sanding paper with a decrease in grain size. Grinding is performed until all defects that have appeared are removed. Then the floor is covered with stain (if they want to change the shade of the floor), then varnished in several layers.

Do-it-yourself options for laying piece parquet

Strip parquet lends itself very well to laying in a variety of patterns; for this, the slabs should be placed in different directions and the sequence changed.

The most common are the following types of laying piece parquet:

In addition to the examples given, there are a lot of their combinations with various shapes and patterns.

Video about laying strip parquet:

Do-it-yourself parquet laying

Ways of laying parquet board:

• floating- the boards are interconnected by locking elements: a spike and a groove that are not fixed to the base;
  
• adhesive: the board is laid on a layer of glue applied to the base;
  
• using fasteners.

The technology of laying a parquet board is similar to the technology of laying piece parquet. Consider one of the installation methods - floating. In our case, the preparation of the base has already been completed (see the description of the preparatory work above), we proceed to laying the parquet board with our own hands.

1. The first board should be placed from the corner along the longest wall, but this is not a wall with a door. From the board to the wall, it is necessary to create a technological gap of about 1 cm; for this, wedges with the same thickness can be inserted into the gap. This should be done around the entire perimeter of the room. This will allow the coating to vary in size without consequences - with changes in temperature and humidity.
2. Lay the next planks along the wall to the end of the row. The last board in the row will have to be cut to right size to fit in the remaining space. Don't forget to leave a gap.
3. Start the second row with the remaining trim of the last board from the first row. apply each board to the next, inserting the spike into the corresponding groove. To do this, the board to be laid is first held at an angle of 30º. Press forward and down so that the lock elements are connected. Next, with a rubber mallet, you need to tap on the sidewall of the extreme board so that the connection is strengthened.
4. By next rows stacked by analogy, to the last. Usually the boards of the last row need to be cut in width to fit the remaining space. In the gap between the wall and the last row of boards, do not forget to insert the wedges, providing a gap.
5. When the parquet installation is completed, all spacer wedges can be removed.
6. The last step is the installation of skirting boards that will also close the technological gaps along the walls.

Video of laying a parquet board with an adhesive method on plywood:

Laying a parquet board on a screed without plywood flooring is carried out in a similar way, but with an adhesive layer applied to the surface of the base. Once again, we recall that the base must be carefully prepared, leveled, and the screed primed. Only after that proceed with laying the parquet board on the glue.

This video will help you:

Laying panel (modular) parquet

Modular parquet is much easier and faster to install than piece parquet. The modules are assembled and firmly glued on a rigid base, they are not subject to deformation, like piece parquet.

But when stacking modules, even the smallest mistake will be very noticeable. For this reason, such material is very demanding on the preparation and alignment of the base, the impeccability of the laying process and the professionalism of the master.

Modular material is unpacked before laying. First, the elements are laid out on the floor without fixing to the base for the correct placement of the pattern, this will eliminate errors when mounting on glue.

Start laying from the corner farthest from the door and the longest wall. The glue is applied with a special notched trowel only on the part of the surface on which the coating will be mounted in the next 10 minutes.

The accuracy of the layout of the initial row affects the correct geometry of the pattern, because the following rows adjust to the first. Spacer wedges are inserted from the side of the wall, providing a uniform gap of 1 cm.

So the entire first row is laid on the adhesive surface, with padding for a good connection. You need to constantly monitor the evenness of the row and adjust if necessary. Upon completion of the row, adjusting to it, the subsequent rows are laid out similarly.

When laying, you need to make sure that the glue does not get into the tenon-groove system and onto the front surface of the parquet, and if it does, quickly clean it off using a parquet floor cleaner.

After installing the whole modules, after a short time for the glue to set, the laying of the trimmed modules around the perimeter, called the curb, begins. It starts from the corner farthest from the door. Cut the joints in the corners of the room carefully, without damaging the front side of the module.

Laying the trimmed elements is necessary in the same way as laying ordinary parquet. Do not forget about the technological gap near the walls, keep it even by inserting wedges or adjustable spacers (special spacers).

In the place where the pipe passes, etc. in the parquet modules, a cut is made with a small margin to ensure a gap of 1 cm.

At the end of laying, you need to clean the floor of dust and debris with a vacuum cleaner and treat the floor with a cleaner. Temporarily stop visiting the premises, one day after laying, remove the wedges and you can install the plinth around the entire perimeter. Skirting boards are attached to the wall, not to the parquet material.

Final stage

The technological process of installing parquet floors has enough features. But if you want to: study the materials for the preparatory work and ask how to lay the parquet, you can proceed. It is clear that the first time it will not be so easy. not so fast, but how pleasant the result, made by hand!

We hope that our step-by-step instruction helped me figure out how to put parquet board with your own hands, how to lay block parquet, how to lay herringbone parquet and much more. Good luck!

Laying parquet on plywood: