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List of measurements of noise db of smoke exhausters of a coal-fired boiler house. Protection of residential buildings equipped with a roof boiler from noise and vibration

Russian Ministry of Health

Moscow

1. Developed by the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Suvorov G.A., Shkarinov L.N., Prokopenko L.V., Kravchenko O.K.), Moscow Research Institute of Hygiene. F.F. Erisman (Karagodina I.L., Smirnova T.G.).

2. Approved and put into effect by the Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia dated October 31, 1996 N 36.

3. Introduced instead of "Sanitary norms for permissible noise levels at workplaces" N 3223-85, "Sanitary norms for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development" N 3077-84, "Hygienic recommendations for establishing noise levels at workers places, taking into account the intensity and severity of labor "N 2411-81.

APPROVED
Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision
Russia dated October 31, 1996 N 36
Date of introduction since approval

1. Scope and general provisions

1.1. These sanitary norms establish the classification of noise; normalized parameters and maximum permissible noise levels at workplaces, permissible noise levels in the premises of residential, public buildings and in residential areas.

1.2. Sanitary standards are mandatory for all organizations and legal entities within the territory of Russian Federation regardless of the form of ownership, subordination and affiliation and individuals regardless of citizenship.

1.3. References and the requirements of sanitary standards must be taken into account in State standards and in all normative and technical documents regulating planning, design, technological, certification, operational requirements for production facilities, residential, public buildings, technological, engineering, sanitary equipment and machines, vehicles, household appliances.

1.4. Responsibility for fulfilling the requirements of the Sanitary Norms is assigned in the manner prescribed by law to the heads and officials of enterprises, institutions and organizations, as well as citizens.

1.5. Control over the implementation of the Sanitary Standards is carried out by the bodies and institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia in accordance with the Law of the RSFSR "On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population" dated April 19, 1991 and taking into account the requirements of the current sanitary rules and norms.

1.6. Measurement and hygienic assessment of noise, as well as preventive measures should be carried out in accordance with the guideline 2.2.4 / 2.1.8-96 "Hygienic assessment of the physical factors of the production and environment" (under approval).

1.7. With the approval of these sanitary standards, the “Sanitary standards for permissible noise levels at workplaces” N 3223-85, “Sanitary standards for permissible noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and on the territory of residential development” N 3077-84, “Hygienic recommendations for setting levels noise at workplaces, taking into account the intensity and severity of labor "N 2411-81.

2.1. Law of the RSFSR "On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population" dated 19.04.91.

2.2. Law of the Russian Federation "On Environmental Protection" dated 12/19/91.

2.3. Law of the Russian Federation "On Protection of Consumer Rights" dated 07.02.92.

2.4. Law of the Russian Federation "On certification of products and services" dated 10.06.93.

2.5. "Regulations on the procedure for the development, approval, publication, implementation of federal, republican and local sanitary rules, as well as on the procedure for the operation of all-Union sanitary rules on the territory of the RSFSR", approved by Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR of 01.07.91 N 375.

2.6. Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia "Regulations on the procedure for issuing hygienic certificates for products" dated 05.01.93 N 1.

3. Terms and definitions

3.1. Sound pressure is the variable component of air or gas pressure resulting from sound vibrations, Pa.

3.2. Equivalent / energy / sound level, LA.eq., dBA, intermittent noise - the sound level of constant broadband noise, which has the same RMS sound pressure as this intermittent noise for a certain period of time.

3.3. The maximum permissible level (MPL) of noise is the level of a factor that, during daily (except weekends) work, but not more than 40 hours a week during the entire working experience, should not cause diseases or deviations in the state of health detected modern methods research in the process of work or in the remote periods of life of the present and subsequent generations. Compliance with the noise limit does not exclude health problems in hypersensitive individuals.

3.4. The permissible noise level is the level that does not cause significant concern to a person and significant changes in the indicators of the functional state of noise-sensitive systems and analyzers.

3.5. Maximum sound level, LА.max., dBA - sound level corresponding to the maximum indicator of a measuring, direct-reading instrument (sound level meter) during visual reading, or the sound level value exceeded for 1% of the measurement time during registration by an automatic device.

4. Classification of noise affecting a person

4.1. According to the nature of the noise spectrum, there are:

  • broadband noise with a continuous spectrum more than 1 octave wide;
  • tonal noise, in the spectrum of which there are pronounced tones. The tonal nature of the noise for practical purposes is established by measuring in 1/3 octave frequency bands by exceeding the level in one band over the neighboring ones by at least 10 dB.

4.2. According to the temporal characteristics of noise, there are:

  • constant noise, the sound level of which during an 8-hour working day or during the measurement time in the premises of residential and public buildings, on the territory of residential development changes in time by no more than 5 dBA when measured on the time characteristic of the sound level meter “slowly”;
  • intermittent noise, the level of which during an 8-hour working day, a work shift or during measurements in the premises of residential and public buildings, on the territory of residential development changes over time by more than 5 dBA when measured on the time characteristic of the sound level meter "slowly".

4.3. Intermittent noises are divided into:

  • time-varying noise, the sound level of which changes continuously over time;
  • intermittent noise, the sound level of which changes stepwise (by 5 dBA or more), and the duration of the intervals during which the level remains constant is 1 s or more;
  • impulse noise consisting of one or more audio signals, each of less than 1 s duration, while the sound levels in dBAI and dBA, measured respectively on the “impulse” and “slow” time characteristics, differ by at least 7 dB.

5. Normalized parameters and maximum permissible noise levels at workplaces

5.1. Characteristics of constant noise in the workplace are the levels sound pressure in dB in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz, determined by the formula:

Where P is the root mean square value of sound pressure, Pa;
P0 is the initial value of the sound pressure in the air equal to 2 10-5Pa.

5.1.1. It is allowed to take as a characteristic of constant broadband noise at workplaces the sound level in dBA, measured on the “slow” time characteristic of the sound level meter, determined by the formula:

Where RA is the root mean square value of the sound pressure, taking into account the correction "A" of the sound level meter, Pa.

5.2. A characteristic of intermittent noise at workplaces is the equivalent (in terms of energy) sound level in dBA.

5.3. Maximum permissible sound levels and equivalent sound levels at workplaces, taking into account the intensity and severity of labor activity.

A quantitative assessment of the severity and intensity of the labor process should be carried out in accordance with Guideline 2.2.013-94 "Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity, intensity of the labor process."

6. Rated parameters and permissible noise levels in the premises of residential, public buildings and residential areas

6.1. Normalized constant noise parameters are sound pressure levels L, dB, in octave bands with geometric mean frequencies: 31.5; 63; 125; 250; 500; 1000; 2000; 4000; 8000 Hz. For an approximate assessment, it is allowed to use sound levels LA, dBA.

6.2. The normalized parameters of intermittent noise are equivalent (in terms of energy) sound levels LAeq, dBA, and maximum sound levels LAmax, dBA.

Evaluation of non-permanent noise for compliance with permissible levels should be carried out simultaneously on the equivalent and maximum sound levels. Exceeding one of the indicators should be considered as non-compliance with these sanitary standards.

6.3. Permissible values ​​of sound pressure levels in octave frequency bands, equivalent and maximum sound levels of penetrating noise in the premises of residential and public buildings and noise in residential areas.

Bibliography

  • Guideline 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.000-95 "Hygienic assessment of the physical factors of the production and environment."
  • Guideline 2.2.013-94 "Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, severity, intensity of the labor process."
  • Suvorov G. A., Denisov E. I., Shkarinov L. N. Hygienic regulation of industrial noise and vibrations. — M.: Medicine, 1984. — 240 p.
  • Suvorov G. A., Prokopenko L. V., Yakimova L. D. Noise and health (environmental and hygienic problems). - M: Soyuz, 1996. - 150 p.
  • Permissible levels of noise, vibration and sound insulation requirements in residential and public buildings. MGSN 2.04.97 (Moscow city building codes). - M., 1997. - 37 p.

Sound insulation of a boiler room. In this publication, we will consider the causes of increased noise and vibration levels from gas boilers and boiler rooms, as well as ways to eliminate them in order to achieve standard indicators and the level of comfort of residents.

Installation of autonomous modular gas boilers on roofs apartment buildings is gaining popularity among developers. The advantages of such a boiler house are obvious. Among them

    No need to erect a separate building for boiler room equipment

    Reduction of heat losses by 20% due to the small number of heating mains in comparison with heating from the central heating network

    Savings on the installation of communications from the coolant to the consumer

    No need for forced ventilation

    The possibility of full automation of the system with a minimum of staff

One of the disadvantages of a rooftop boiler is vibrations from the boiler and pumps. As a rule, they are the result of shortcomings in the design, construction and installation of boiler room equipment. Therefore, the responsibility for eliminating the increased noise level and soundproofing the boiler room lies with the developer or housing management company.

The noise from the boiler house is low-frequency and is transmitted through the structural elements of the building directly from the source and through communications. Its intensity in a room equipped for a boiler room is 85-90dB. Noise insulation of a rooftop boiler room is justified if it is produced from the source side, and not in the apartment. Soundproofing the ceiling and walls in an apartment with such noise is expensive and ineffective.

Causes of increased noise level in the rooftop boiler room.

    Insufficient thickness and massiveness of the base on which the boiler room equipment stands. This leads to the penetration of airborne noise into the apartments through the floor slab and the technical floor.

    Lack of proper vibration isolation of the boiler. At the same time, vibrations are transmitted to ceilings and walls, which radiate sound into apartments.

    Rigid fastening of pipelines, communications and their supports is also a source of structural noise. Normally, pipes should pass through building envelopes in an elastic sleeve, surrounded by a layer of sound-absorbing material.

    Insufficient thickness of the pipeline, as a design error, leading to high water velocity and the creation of an increased level of hydrodynamic noise.

Soundproofing of the rooftop boiler room. List of events.

    Installation of vibration isolating supports under the equipment of the boiler room. The calculation of materials for vibration isolation is made taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe support and the weight of the equipment;

    Elimination of "hard links" in the places of fastening of pipeline supports with the help of material silomer, thermosound insulation or installation of vibration fasteners on studs fixing communications;

    In the absence of elastic sleeves, the expansion of the pipeline passage through bearing structures, wrapping with elastic material (k-flex, vibrostack, etc.) and heat-resistant layer (basalt cardboard);

    Wrapping the pipeline with a material that reduces heat loss and has sound insulation properties: , Texound 2ft AL;

    Additional sound insulation of enclosing structures of the roof boiler room;

    Installation of rubber compensators to reduce the transmission of vibrations through the pipeline;

    Installation of silencers in the exhaust gas duct;

    Installation of noise-absorbing materials based on basalt (Stopsound BP) or fiberglass (Acustiline fiber) allows you to reduce background noise in the boiler room by 3-5dB.

SOUND INSULATION OF A BOILER IN A WOODEN HOUSE.

building code rules and fire safety dictate the installation of the boiler in a special room equipped with a separate entrance. As a rule, it is located in the basement or basement. With this arrangement, complaints about an increased noise level from the boiler are rare.

A boiler installed on the same floor with living rooms, which has high noise levels with complete silence in country house may cause inconvenience to residents. Therefore, the soundproofing of the boiler may be relevant.

The reasons for the increased noise level can be similar to those of a rooftop boiler, but on a smaller scale. They also include

    Features of the design of the outer box of the boiler. In most models of boilers, the burner and fan are closed with a separate damper, which reduces the noise produced by the burner. If the only soundproofing protection is the plastic box of the boiler, the noise from the burner can be noticeable.

    Noisy fan from the manufacturer.

    Unbalance of the fan, dirt sticking due to dust from outside and neglect of maintenance measures.

    Air entering the heating system.

    Incorrect gas burner setting.

    Rigid system for fastening the boiler and outlet pipes.

The soundproofing of the boiler begins with identifying the causes of the increased noise level and is associated with the work of the gas service employees serving it or the company involved in soundproofing the premises.

If the operation of the boiler and the system is adjusted, then

    We mount the boiler on a vibration-isolated platform on mounts with a force meter

    We install rubber compensators in the places where the pipes exit from the boiler body

    We purchase a noise-protective casing for the boiler

    We make additional soundproofing of the walls of the boiler room

    To reduce background noise in the boiler room

Welcome to the Comfort Zone!

V.B. Tupov
Moscow Power Engineering Institute ( Technical University)

ANNOTATION

The original MPEI developments on noise reduction from the power equipment of thermal power plants and boiler houses are considered. Examples of noise reduction from the most intense noise sources are given, namely from steam emissions, combined-cycle plants, draft machines, hot water boilers, transformers and cooling towers, taking into account the requirements and specifics of their operation at energy facilities. The test results of silencers are given. The given data allow us to recommend MPEI mufflers for wide use at the country's energy facilities.

1. INTRODUCTION

Solutions of environmental issues in the operation of power equipment are a priority. Noise is one of the important contributors to polluting environment, the reduction of the negative impact of which on the environment is required by the laws "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" and "On the Protection of the Environment", and sanitary standards SN 2.2.4 / 2.1.8.562-96 establish permissible noise levels at workplaces and residential areas.

The operation of power equipment in the normal mode is associated with noise emission, which exceeds sanitary standards not only on the territory of power facilities, but also on the territory of the surrounding area. This is especially important for energy facilities located in large cities near residential areas. The use of combined cycle plants (CCGT) and gas turbine plants (GTP), as well as equipment of higher technical parameters, is associated with an increase in sound pressure levels in the surrounding area.

Some power equipment has tonal components in its emission spectrum. The round-the-clock cycle of operation of power equipment causes a special danger of noise exposure for the population at night.

In accordance with sanitary standards, sanitary protection zones (SPZ) of TPPs with an equivalent electric power of 600 MW and above, using coal and fuel oil as fuel, must have a SPZ of at least 1000 m, operating on gas and oil gas fuel - at least 500 m. CHPPs and district boiler houses with a thermal capacity of 200 Gcal and above, operating on coal and fuel oil, the SPZ is at least 500 m, and for those operating on gas and reserve oil fuel - at least 300 m.

Sanitary norms and rules establish minimum dimensions sanitary zone, and the actual dimensions may be larger. Excess of permissible norms from constantly operating equipment of thermal power plants (TPP) can reach for working areas - 25-32 dB; for territories of residential areas - 20-25 dB at a distance of 500 m from a powerful thermal power plant (TPP) and 15-20 dB at a distance of 100 m from a large district thermal plant (RTS) or quarterly thermal power plant (KTS). Therefore, the problem of reducing the noise impact from energy facilities is relevant, and in the near future its importance will increase.

2. EXPERIENCE IN REDUCING NOISE FROM POWER EQUIPMENT

2.1. Main areas of work

The excess of sanitary standards in the surrounding area is formed, as a rule, by a group of sources, the development of noise reduction measures, which are given great attention both abroad and in our country. Works on noise suppression of power equipment of such companies as Industrial acoustic company (IAC), BB-Acustic, Gerb and others are known abroad, and in our country, the developments of YuzhVTI, NPO CKTI, ORGRES, VZPI (Open University), NIISF, VNIAM, etc. . .

Since 1982, the Moscow Power Engineering Institute (Technical University) has also been carrying out a set of works to solve this problem. Here for last years new effective mufflers for the most intense noise sources from:

steam emissions;

combined-cycle plants;

draft machines (smoke exhausters and draft fans);

hot water boilers;

transformers;

cooling towers and other sources.

Below are examples of noise reduction from power equipment developed by MPEI. The work on their implementation has a high social significance, which consists in reducing the noise impact to sanitary standards for a large number of the population and personnel of energy facilities.

2.2. Examples of noise reduction from power equipment

Discharges of steam from power boilers into the atmosphere is the most intense, albeit short-term, source of noise both for the territory of the enterprise and for the surrounding area.

Acoustic measurements show that at a distance of 1 - 15 m from the steam emission of a power boiler, sound levels exceed not only the permissible, but also the maximum permissible sound level (110 dBA) by 6 - 28 dBA.

Therefore, the development of new efficient steam silencers is an urgent task. A steam emission silencer (MPEI silencer) was developed.

The steam silencer has various modifications depending on the required emission noise reduction and steam characteristics.

Currently, MPEI steam silencers have been introduced at a number of power facilities: Saransk Thermal Power Plant No. 2 (CHP-2) of JSC Territorial Generating Company-6, OKG-180 boiler of JSC Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, CHPP-9, CHPP-11 of JSC " Mosenergo. Steam flow rates through silencers ranged from 154 t/h at Saransk CHPP-2 to 16 t/h at CHPP-7 of OAO Mosenergo.

MEI mufflers were installed on the exhaust pipelines after the CHP of boilers st. No. 1, 2 of CHPP-7 of the CHPP-12 branch of OAO Mosenergo. The efficiency of this noise suppressor, obtained from the measurement results, was 1.3 - 32.8 dB in the entire spectrum of normalized octave bands with geometric mean frequencies from 31.5 to 8000 Hz.

On the boilers No. 4, 5 CHPP-9 JSC "Mosenergo" several MEI mufflers were introduced at the steam discharge after the main safety valves (MPV). The tests carried out here showed that the acoustic efficiency was 16.6 - 40.6 dB in the entire spectrum of normalized octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5 - 8000 Hz, and in terms of sound level - 38.3 dBA.

MPEI mufflers, in comparison with foreign and other domestic analogues, have high specific characteristics, which allow achieving the maximum acoustic effect with a minimum muffler weight and maximum steam flow through the muffler.

MPEI steam silencers can be used to reduce the noise of discharges of superheated and wet steam, natural gas, etc. into the atmosphere. The experience of using MPEI steam silencers showed the necessary acoustic efficiency and reliability of silencers at various facilities.

When developing noise suppression measures for gas turbines, the main attention was paid to the development of silencers for gas paths.

According to the recommendations of the MPEI, the designs of silencers for the gas paths of waste heat boilers of the following brands were made: KUV-69.8-150 manufactured by JSC Dorogobuzhkotlomash for GTPP Severny Settlement, P-132 manufactured by JSC Podolsky Machine-Building Plant (JSC PMZ) for Kirishskaya GRES, P-111 manufactured by JSC "PMZ" for CHPP-9 of JSC "Mosenergo", a waste heat boiler under the license of the company "Nooter / Eriksen" for the power unit CCGT-220 of Ufimskaya CHPP-5, KGT-45 / 4.0- 430-13 / 0.53-240 for the Novy Urengoy Gas Chemical Complex (GCC).

For the GTU-CHP "Severny Settlement" a set of works was carried out to reduce the noise of gas paths.

The Severny Settlement GTU-CHPP contains a double-hull CHP unit designed by OAO Dorogobuzhkotlomash, which is installed after two FT-8.3 gas turbines from Pratt & Whitney Power Systems. Evacuation flue gases from KU is carried out through one chimney.

Conducted acoustic calculations showed that in order to comply with sanitary standards in a residential area at a distance of 300 m from the chimney mouth, it is necessary to reduce noise in the range from 7.8 dB to 27.3 dB at geometric mean frequencies of 63-8000 Hz.

The dissipative lamellar noise silencer developed by MPEI to reduce the exhaust noise of gas turbine units with CU is located in two metal ducts of noise attenuation of the CU with dimensions of 6000x6054x5638 mm above the convective packs in front of the confusers.

Kirishskaya GRES is currently implementing a CCGT-800 combined-cycle unit with a P-132 horizontal unit and a SGT5-400F gas turbine (Siemens).

The calculations performed showed that the required reduction in the noise level from the gas turbine exhaust tract is 12.6 dBA to ensure a sound level of 95 dBA at 1 m from the mouth of the chimney.

To reduce noise in the gas paths of the KU P-132 of the Kirishskaya GRES, a cylindrical muffler was developed, which is located in the chimney with an internal diameter of 8000 mm.

The muffler consists of four cylindrical elements placed evenly in the chimney, while the relative flow area of ​​the muffler is 60%.

The calculated efficiency of the silencer is 4.0-25.5 dB in the range of octave bands with geometric mean frequencies of 31.5 - 4000 Hz, which corresponds to an acoustic efficiency in terms of sound level of 20 dBA.

The use of silencers to reduce noise from smoke exhausters using the example of Mosenergo's CHPP-26 in horizontal sections is given in.

In 2009, to reduce the noise of the gas path behind the centrifugal smoke exhausters D-21.5x2 of the TGM-84 boiler st. No. 4 of CHPP-9, a plate noise silencer was installed on a straight vertical section of the boiler flue behind the smoke exhausters in front of the entrance to the chimney at the level of 23.63 m.

The lamellar silencer for the flue of the TGM CHP-9 boiler is a two-stage design.

Each stage of the muffler consists of five plates 200 mm thick and 2500 mm long, placed evenly in the flue with dimensions 3750x2150 mm. The distance between the plates is 550 mm, the distance between the outer plates and the flue wall is 275 mm. With this arrangement of plates, the relative flow area is 73.3%. The length of one silencer stage without fairings is 2500 mm, the distance between the stages of the silencer is 2000 mm, inside the plates there is a non-combustible, non-hygroscopic sound-absorbing material, which is protected from blowing by glass fabric and perforated sheet metal. The muffler has an aerodynamic resistance of about 130 Pa. The weight of the silencer structure is about 2.7 tons. According to the test results, the acoustic efficiency of the silencer is 22-24 dB at geometric mean frequencies of 1000-8000 Hz.

An example of a comprehensive study of noise suppression measures is the MPEI's development to reduce noise from smoke exhausters at Mosenergo's HPP-1. Here, high demands were placed on the aerodynamic resistance of silencers, which had to be placed in the existing gas ducts of the station.

To reduce the noise of gas paths of boilers st. No. 6, 7 HPP-1 of the branch of JSC "Mosenergo" MPEI has developed a whole system of noise suppression. The noise suppression system consists of the following elements: a plate silencer, gas path turns lined with sound-absorbing material, a dividing sound-absorbing partition and a ramp. The presence of a separating sound-absorbing partition, a ramp and sound-absorbing lining of the turns of the boiler gas ducts, in addition to reducing noise levels, helps to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of the gas paths of power boilers st. No. 6, 7 as a result of eliminating the collision of flue gas flows at their junction, organizing smoother turns of flue gases in gas paths. Aerodynamic measurements showed that the total aerodynamic resistance of the gas paths of the boilers downstream of the smoke exhausters did not practically increase due to the installation of a noise suppression system. The total weight of the noise suppression system was about 2.23 tons.

The experience of reducing the noise level from the air intakes of the draft fans of boilers is given in. The article considers examples of reducing the noise of air intakes of boilers with mufflers designed by MPEI. Here are the mufflers for the air intake of the VDN-25x2K blower fan of the BKZ-420-140 NGM st. No. 10 CHPP-12 JSC "Mosenergo" and hot water boilers through underground mines (on the example of boilers

PTVM-120 RTS "South Butovo") and through the channels located in the wall of the boiler building (for example, boilers PTVM-30 RTS "Solntsevo"). The first two cases of air duct layout are quite typical for power and hot water boilers, and the feature of the third case is the absence of areas where a silencer can be installed and high air flow rates in the channels.

Measures were developed and implemented in 2009 to reduce noise with the help of sound-absorbing screens from four communication transformers of the brand TTs TN-63000/110 at CHPP-16 of OAO Mosenergo. Sound-absorbing screens are installed at a distance of 3 m from the transformers. The height of each sound-absorbing screen is 4.5 m, and the length varies from 8 to 11 m. The sound-absorbing screen consists of separate panels installed in special racks. Steel panels with sound-absorbing cladding are used as screen panels. The panel on the front side is closed with a corrugated metal sheet, and on the side of the transformers - with a perforated metal sheet with a perforation ratio of 25%. Inside the screen panels is a non-flammable, non-hygroscopic sound-absorbing material.

The test results showed that the sound pressure levels after installing the screen decreased at the control points to 10-12 dB.

At present, projects have been developed to reduce noise from cooling towers and transformers at CHPP-23 and from cooling towers at CHPP-16 of OAO Mosenergo using screens.

Active implementation of MPEI noise suppressors for hot water boilers continued. Over the past three years alone, silencers have been installed on boilers PTVM-50, PTVM-60, PTVM-100 and PTVM-120 at RTS Rublevo, Strogino, Kozhukhovo, Volkhonka-ZIL, Biryulyovo, Khimki -Khovrino, Krasny Stroitel, Chertanovo, Tushino-1, Tushino-2, Tushino-5, Novomoskovsk, Babushkinskaya-1, Babushkinskaya-2, Krasnaya Presnya ”, KTS-11, KTS-18, KTS-24 of Moscow, etc.

Tests of all installed silencers have shown high acoustic efficiency and reliability, which is confirmed by implementation certificates. More than 200 silencers are currently in operation.

The introduction of MPEI mufflers continues.

In 2009, an agreement was signed between MPEI and the Central Repair Plant (TsRMZ, Moscow) in the field of supply of integrated solutions to reduce noise impact from power equipment. This will make it possible to more widely implement MPEI developments at the country's energy facilities. CONCLUSION

The MPEI muffler complex designed to reduce noise from various power equipment has shown the necessary acoustic efficiency and takes into account the specifics of work at power facilities. Silencers have passed long-term operational approbation.

The reviewed experience of their application makes it possible to recommend MPEI mufflers for wide use at the country's energy facilities.

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21. Lomakin B.V., Tupov V.B. Experience in reducing noise in the area adjacent to CHPP-26 // Electric Stations. 2004. No. 3. pp. 30-32.

22. Tupov V.B., Krasnov V.I. Problems of noise reduction from energy facilities during expansion and modernization / / I specialized thematic exhibition "Ecology in the energy sector-2004": Sat. report Moscow, All-Russian Exhibition Center, October 26-29, 2004. M., 2004. S. 152-154.

23. Tupov V.B. Experience in reducing the noise of power plants / Ya1 All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation "Protection of the population from increased noise exposure", March 17-19, 2009 St. Petersburg., P. 190-199.

1. Architectural planning

Functional zoning of the territory of the settlement;

Rational planning of the territory of the residential area - the use of the screening effect of residential and public buildings located in close proximity to the noise source. At the same time, the internal layout of the building should ensure that the sleeping and other premises of the residential area of ​​the apartment are oriented to the silent side, and the premises in which the person stays for a short time - kitchens, bathrooms, stairwells;

Creation of conditions for the continuous movement of vehicles by organizing traffic without traffic lights (traffic interchanges at different levels, underground pedestrian crossings, allocation of one-way streets);

Creation of bypass roads for transit transport;

Landscaping of the residential area.

2. Technological

Modernization Vehicle(reduction of engine noise, running gear, etc.);

Using engineering screens - laying a motorway or railway in the recess, the creation of screen walls from various wall structures;

Reducing the penetration of noise through the window openings of residential and public buildings (the use of soundproofing materials - sealing gaskets made of sponge rubber in the window porches, installing windows with triple bindings).

3. Administrative and organizational

State supervision over the technical condition of vehicles (control of compliance with deadlines Maintenance mandatory regular technical inspections);

Monitoring the condition of the roadway.

TESTS

CHOOSE ALL CORRECT ANSWERS

1. WHEN SELECTING A LAND PLOT FOR DEVELOPING A SETTLEMENT, YOU SHOULD CONSIDER

1) terrain

3) the presence of water and green areas

4) the nature of the soil

5) population

2. BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PLANNING OF A SETTLEMENT

1) placement functional areas on the ground, taking into account the wind rose

2) the presence of functional zoning of the territory

3) ensuring a sufficient level of insolation of the territory

4) providing convenient ways of communication between separate parts of the city

5) the presence of a sufficient amount high-rise buildings

3. THE FOLLOWING ZONES ARE ALLOCATED ON THE CITY TERRITORY

1) residential

2) industrial

3) utility warehouse

4) central

5) suburban

4. TYPES OF PLANNING OF SETTLEMENTS

1) perimeter

2) lowercase

3) mixed

4) gossamer

5) free

5. THE FOLLOWING REQUIREMENTS FOR THE LOCATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL ZONE

1) take into account the wind rose

2) organize a sanitary protection zone

3) take into account the terrain

4) take into account the population

5) located below the city along the river

6. IN THE RESIDENTIAL ZONE PLACE

1) residential areas

2) trading warehouses

3) administrative center

4) car parks

5) forest park zone

7. THE MOST IMPORTANT HYGIENIC BASIS OF URBAN PLANNING IN OUR COUNTRY ARE

1) the state of the territory for the location of the settlement

2) limiting the growth of large and super-large cities

3) the possibility of landscaping

4) functional zoning of the city

5) use of natural and climatic factors

8. SUBURBAN ZONE IS NECESSARY FOR

1) placement industrial enterprises

2) recreation of the population

3) placement of objects public utilities

4) organization of the forest park zone

5) placement of transport nodes

9. The type of development of the settlement is determined

1) terrain

2) wind regime of the territory

3) population

4) the presence of green spaces

5) location highways

10. THE DISADVANTAGE OF THE PERIMETER DEVELOPMENT IS

1) the difficulty of providing good conditions insolation of dwellings

2) the complexity of organizing the ventilation of the territory

3) inconvenience to the population

4) difficulty with the organization of the inner territory of the microdistrict

5) inability to use in large cities

STANDARDS OF ANSWERS

1. 1), 2), 3), 4)

3. 1), 2), 3), 5)

7. 1), 3), 4), 5)

9. 1), 2), 4), 5)

HOME HYGIENE

According to WHO experts, a person spends more than 80% of his time in non-production premises. This suggests that the quality internal environment indoor environments, including the home environment, can affect human health. Hygienic requirements for housing are regulated by SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for living conditions in residential buildings and premises; SanPiN 2.2.1./2.1.1.2585-10, amend. and additional No. 1 to SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1278-03 Hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

NOISE LEVEL

Sound power is measured in decibels (dB) in the frequency range from 31.5 to 16000 Hz and in the middle of each frequency band, i.e. at frequencies 31.5; 63; 125; 250 Hz etc. A person perceives sound in the range from 63 to 800 Hz.

Sound power in dB is divided into levels A, B, C and D. The permissible norm of the general noise level is considered to be level A, which is closest to the human sensitivity range. To designate this characteristic, we most use the term "Sound pressure level".

NOISE SOURCE

A running engine is a source of mechanical noise originating in
gas distribution mechanism, fuel pump, etc., as well as appearing in the combustion chambers, as a result of vibration, air intake and fan operation, if installed. Generally, intake air and radiator noise is less than mechanical noise. Noise level data can be found in the Product Information Manual if required. Noise can be reduced by using a sound-absorbing coating. If the mechanical noise is attenuated to the level 5 mentioned in the Noise level section, attention should be paid to the air and fan noise.

An effective and relatively cheap way is to cover the engine with a casing. At a distance of 1 m from the housing, sound attenuation reaches 10 dB(A). Only specially designed housings are effective, so it is advisable to consult with experts regarding its parameters.

If there are certain requirements for noise outside the premises in which the units are located, the following conditions must be observed:

1) Building structure

The outer walls are made of double bricks with

voids.

Windows - double glazing with spacing

between panes 200 mm.

Doors - double doors with tambour or

single, with screen wall opposite

doorway.

2) Ventilation

Openings for fresh air intake and heated air exhaust must be equipped with noise barriers. These issues should be discussed by the Owner with the Manufacturer.

Screens should not reduce the cross section of the ducts, as this will increase the resistance on the fan. For larger engines requiring more air, screens need to be correspondingly larger and the building needs to be able to fit them properly.

3) Vibration isolation mounts

Mounting the units on anti-vibration mounts prevents the transmission of vibration to walls, other parts of the unit, etc. Vibration is often one of the causes of noise. (See anti-vibration mounts).

4) Exhaust damping

It allows attenuating noise by 30...35 dB(A) at a distance of 1 m from the outer wall of the room, provided that high-quality sound absorbers and exhaust silencers are used at the inlet and outlet.

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