Received advance payment from buyer. Receipt of payment from the buyer: advance

In accounting, an advance is considered to be a full or partial prepayment for a concluded transaction. How advances are reflected in accounting, what transactions are formed upon receipt of an advance from the buyer, as well as transactions on advances issued, we will consider further.

Often an advance is confused with a deposit. Both the advance and the deposit have the same function - prepayment for a product or service, partial or complete. There is no clear definition in the legislation to separate these concepts, but according to established practice, an advance payment is considered an advance payment, for the transfer of which there was no separate agreement to the contract:

Advances issued

An advance payment issued is an advance payment to the supplier against future deliveries, work or services performed. The transfer of an advance for the supplier does not mean obtaining an economic benefit, since the supplier, for various reasons, may not fulfill its obligations under the contract: not to ship the goods, not to provide the service. In this case, the advance payment is returned to the buyer's account if it was transferred through a bank, or to the cashier's office - if received in cash.

In general, there is no obligation to return the deposit from the supplier.

To account for VAT on advances in the chart of accounts, there is a subaccount on account 76, most often its code is 76.AB.

The buyer can accept VAT deduction only if the following conditions are met:

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• Presence of an advance payment condition in the contract;
• Documents confirming the transfer of the advance payment;
• The supply of goods (services, etc.) is intended for use in VATable activities;
• Availability of an SF supplier with a dedicated tax.

The buyer does not have the right to accept VAT for deduction if all of the above conditions are not met. Acceptance of VAT deductibility is not an obligation, but the right of the organization-buyer.

If the organization decides to use the VAT deduction from the advance issued, then after the provision of the service and the closing of this advance, it will be obliged to restore this VAT to the budget.

Example

Suppose Altavista LLC transfers an advance payment of 23,600 rubles to the D&D company. (including VAT). Then Altavista LLC receives from this supplier goods in the amount of 23,600 rubles.

The rate and amount of input VAT are indicated on the supplier's invoice.

Advances issued - transactions

Advances received

When an organization sells goods, works or services, the buyer can transfer an advance payment until the moment of sale.

According to requirements tax code, the seller is obliged to charge VAT on the advance payment received. VAT is calculated using the formula:

VAT on advance payment received = Sales amount *18/100

Example

Consider the previous example from the point of view of the selling organization, that is, the D&D company. VAT is charged from the advance payment at the time of its receipt, the refund of the amount of such VAT to the budget occurs at the end of the tax period - quarter.

VAT on sales is charged at the time of shipment, that is, at the time of creation of the sales transaction Dt 62 - Kt 90.1.

Advances received - postings

The accountant of the D&D company, upon receiving an advance from the buyer, makes the following entries:

Advances received and paid in the balance sheet

When forming balance sheet outstanding balances on advances received and issued are reflected in accounts payable (line 1520) and accounts receivable (line 1230). At the same time, the amounts of these advances and prepayments are taken together with VAT. VAT on advances (account 76 (advance payments)) falls into the lines of other current assets (1260) and other current liabilities (1550).

We considered general issues synthetic and analytical accounting of cash transactions. We present the main cash register transactions in our material.

Cash receipts at the cash desk: postings

Account 50 “Cashier” is an active account, so the receipt Money to the cash desk of the organization is reflected in the debit of this account.

The simplest operation at the cash desk is the withdrawal of cash by check from the current account. This operation generates both cash register and current account posting. So, if received at the cash desk from a current account, the posting on account 50 will be as follows:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 51 "Settlement accounts"

Accounting for cash (receipt postings) for the most typical situations:

• return to the cash desk of the advance issued earlier to the supplier:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors"

• receipt of cash from customers:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 62 "Settlements with buyers and customers"

Posting at the cash desk for retail revenue or, what is the same, posting revenue to the cash desk (posting), it can also be directly with account 90 “Sales”, because there is no need to keep records of settlements with retail buyers on account 62, because. payment and shipment is made simultaneously:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 90

• received a cash loan at the cash desk:

Debit of account 50 - Credit of account 66 “Settlements on short-term loans and borrowings”, 67 “Settlements on long-term loans and borrowings”

• if the balance of the accountable amount is returned to the cashier, the posting will be as follows:

Debit of account 50 - Credit of account 71 "Settlements with accountable persons"

• compensation for material damage by an employee of the organization:

Debit of account 50 - Credit of account 73 "Settlements with personnel for other operations"

• the funds of the founders were made to the accounts of the contribution to the authorized capital:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 75 "Settlements with the founders"

• cash surplus identified as a result of inventory:

Debit account 50 - Credit account 91 "Other income and expenses"

Departure from the cash register: accounting entries

Cash transactions at the disposal of cash from the cash desk of the organization can be represented by the following master records reflected in the table.

Organizations use account 50 Cash if they use cash in their activities. The account is the most important if the organization's revenue is cash (trade and service enterprises).

If the company does not have cash proceeds, account 50 Cashier is also used for mutual settlements in cash. For example, salaries to employees are not transferred to cards, but are issued in cash, accountable funds are issued in hand, loans, dividends, and so on are issued in cash.

Account 50 Cashier is active. In the balance sheet it is reflected in the Asset: in section II. Non-current assets, in the line "Cash and cash equivalents".

Instruction 50 count

Instructions for using the chart of accounts accounting financial and economic activities of organizations in accordance with order dated October 31, 2000 N 94n

Account 50 "Cashier" is intended to summarize information on the availability and movement of funds at the cash desks of the organization.

To account 50 "Cashier" sub-accounts can be opened:

50-1 "Cashier of the organization",

50-2 "Operating cash desk",

50-3 "Money documents", etc.

On a subaccount 50-1 "Cashier of the organization" cash in the organization's cash register. When an organization performs cash transactions with foreign currency, then corresponding sub-accounts must be opened for account 50 "Cashier" for separate accounting of the movement of each cash foreign currency.

On a subaccount 50-2 "Operating cash desk" the presence and movement of funds at the cash desks of commodity offices (marinas) and operational sites, stopping points, river crossings, ships, ticket and baggage offices of ports (marinas), stations, ticket storage cash desks, cash desks of post offices, etc. are taken into account. It is opened by organizations (in particular, organizations of transport and communications) if necessary.

On a subaccount 50-3 postage stamps, stamps state duty, promissory notes, paid air tickets and other monetary documents. Monetary documents are recorded on account 50 "Cashier" in the amount actual costs for purchase. Analytical accounting of monetary documents is carried out by their types.

By debit account 50 "Cashier" reflects the receipt of funds and monetary documents at the cash desk of the organization.

By loan account 50 "Cashier" reflects the payment of funds and the issuance of monetary documents from the cash desk of the organization.

Typical postings on account 50

By account debit

By account credit

Sometimes situations arise that after posting the document "Receipt of goods and services" or "Sale", discrepancies in payment are detected. You can see these differences in balance sheet. It is located in the menu item "Reports" section "Standard reports". Select "Turnover and balance sheet for the account."

In the "Period" field, enter from what date to what date you want to generate a report. In the "Account" field, select 62 - "Settlements with buyers and customers." Press the “Generate” button and look at which counterparty what discrepancies are:

Let's say a discrepancy was revealed for some client in the report - his payment was not taken into account in the system for one of the documents. You can remove this discrepancy with the document “Receipt of funds to the current account”. To do this, we will find the “Bank and cash desk” item in the menu, then the “Bank” section and go to the “Bank statements” journal.

All receipts of money to the settlement account of the organization can be done automatically through the connected "Client Bank".

On the this moment Let's consider filling out the document "Receipt to the current account" manually. Press the "Accept" button.

"Type of operation" - select from the list Payment from the buyer.

"Payer" - a client for which payment is not taken into account.

The fields "Agreement", "VAT rate" and "VAT amount" are filled in automatically after selecting the counterparty, based on the entered data.

"Invoice for payment" in this case, you do not need to fill out.

"Article DDS" is also filled in automatically on the basis of the contract.

"Purpose of payment" - must be indicated.

“Accounting account” - for such operations we indicate 51, if the currency receipt is 52.

"Incoming number" and "Incoming date" are the number and date of the payment order, which was generated by the Client-bank of the counterparty.

"Settlement account" - 62.01 (with buyers and customers)

"Account of advances" - 62.02

“Debt repayment” is a very important point, it determines the method of debt repayment, depending on the type chosen. There are three types in total: automatically, according to the document and not repaid.

Let's look at everything in turn. If you select "Debt repayment" automatically and post the document, then posting Dt 51 - Kt 62.01 is formed - the system distributed the amount to one document.

Let's say you need to make a payment from the buyer more than unaccounted for in the report for this counterparty. Then two postings Dt 51 - Kt 62.01 are formed with distribution into two documents:

This distribution can be seen in the balance sheet, if you click the "Show settings" button in the report and tick the "Documents of settlements with counterparties" checkbox. Click "Generate".

We see that the distribution of the amount over two documents is also displayed.

Now consider the second type of debt repayment - according to the document. We select from the list the document on which we will hang the debt. For this method of repayment, the “Document” item located below becomes active. When pressed, a window appears in the interface of which you can select the desired document.

The third type of debt repayment is not to repay. In this case, the entire amount will be credited to the advance account. The wiring Dt 51 - Kt 62.02 will be formed:

And now let's consider another option: "Payment from the buyer" based on the invoice that we issued to the client. We go to the magazine "Accounts to buyers".

We find the necessary account in the list and through the button "Create on the basis" select from the list "Receipt to the current account":

Absolutely the same document is formed as previously considered, but already completely filled out. Specify the date of receipt, "Incoming number" and "Incoming date" of the payment order. Nothing else needs to be entered or changed. It remains only to carry out:

In the same way, you can create a "Payment from the buyer" based on the "Sales". To do this, go to the journal "Implementation (acts, invoices)", find the required document in the list, also click "Create based on" and select "Receipt to the current account" from the drop-down list:

You don't need to change anything here either. We're just doing it.

Recorded proceeds from the sale of fixed assets, intangible assets, materials (not the main activity)

VAT accrued on sold assets (not core activity)

Received payment from the buyer to the current account

Postings for accounting advances received (account 62.2)

If the buyer pays for the goods in advance and transfers the advance, then to account for settlements with buyers, in this case, subaccount 2 “advance received” is opened on account 62.

VAT is charged on received advances.

The accrued amount of VAT from the advance received is restored, then a posting is made to offset the advance.

Example 1. Reflection of settlements with buyers in a general manner

Kalina LLC entered into an agreement with the buyer for the supply of goods and materials in the amount of 50,000 rubles, VAT 7,627 rubles. The cost of goods is 23,000 rubles. The contract provides that the buyer pays for goods and materials after shipment.

Wiring:

Example2. Accounting for advances received on account 62

Kalina LLC entered into an agreement with the buyer in the amount of 60,000 rubles, VAT 9,153 rubles. The contract provides for an advance payment.

Wiring:

Example 3 on account 62 "Accounting for settlements with buyers and customers"

Kalina LLC received an advance payment from the buyer for the shipment of goods in the amount of 250,000 rubles. A week later, Kalina LLC shipped another part of the goods in the amount of 47,200 rubles. (including VAT 7200 rubles)

Wiring:

Example 4

Kalina LLC sold goods through an online store. The organization entered into an agreement with the bank, on the basis of which the remuneration is 1.5% of the amount of receipts and the amount of proceeds minus remuneration is transferred to the current account.

The buyer paid for the goods bank card in the amount of RUB 50,000.00, incl. VAT 18% - RUB 7,627.12 After receiving the money, Kalina LLC ships the paid goods to the buyer.

Wiring:

Example 5

The buyer using Yandex. Wallet" paid for goods in the amount of 95,000.00 rubles, incl. VAT 18% - RUB 14,491.53

The money was first credited to the "electronic wallet" of the seller, and then transferred to the bank account minus the commission.

The bank commission is 3.5% of the transfer amount - 3,325.00 rubles.

The next day the goods were shipped to the buyer.

Wiring: