Standard sizes of concrete wall slabs. Wall reinforced concrete panels

Wall reinforced concrete panels are widely used in modern construction, they are used in the construction of external walls of residential buildings, public and industrial buildings, as well as basement slabs.

Types of reinforced concrete wall panels

Reinforced concrete Wall panels subdivided into:

• bearing(perceiving vertical load from its own weight and other building structures - roofs, floor slabs, etc.)
• self-supporting(panels outer wall, perceiving the load only from their own weight and the weight of the panels located above)
• hinged(not intended to support building structures on them, with the exception of internal doors, windows, gates)

Bearing wall panels are more often used in the construction of residential buildings, and hinged - in the construction of administrative buildings.

Exterior wall panels are made from lightweight or heavy concrete, in recent times Expanded clay concrete wall panels are most widely used. Concrete panels are single-layer and multi-layer, with mineral wool or expanded polystyrene insulation, with an external protective and decorative layer, designed for both heated and unheated premises.

Marking of reinforced concrete products

For all reinforced concrete products without fail marked with indelible paint. It displays information about the technical side of the product and includes 3 groups of alphanumeric characters separated by a hyphen. So, the first group indicates the type of product, the second informs about the type of concrete, reinforcement and the bearing capacity of the panel. The third group describes special characteristics.

Advantages of reinforced concrete panels

Modern three-layer reinforced concrete panels consist of an inner layer of heavy concrete, a heat-insulating layer and an outer layer of architectural or ordinary heavy concrete, due to which they have a high load-bearing capacity. When using reinforced concrete panels for building a house, you can:

• reduce energy costs
• use various sizes and configurations of panels, which will help to realize the most interesting planning and architectural solutions
• use an effective mineral insulation
• minimize the cost of erecting buildings due to the speed of their construction

Our company also offers to buy prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panels, which are increasingly used in private construction. Made according to the type of constructor (each part is connected to neighboring elements in a special way), these panels form a solid and robust design that meets all safety requirements and long-term operation.

concrete fence panels

Concrete fences are gaining more and more popularity. We offer customers to buy concrete panels for the fence, using them for fencing industrial enterprises, warehouse, cottage or private house.

Wall exterior concrete and reinforced concrete panels have found the widest application in the construction of houses, as well as industrial and public facilities. Their appearance, more than 50 years ago, was a real breakthrough in construction and made it possible to reduce the period of building construction by several times.

Types of reinforced concrete panels

Reinforced concrete is a monolith of steel reinforcement and concrete. The interaction of these materials is very effective. Concrete stone reliably adheres to metal, protecting it well from rusting. These components complement each other in terms of resistance to different loads.

The resulting structures have significant strength, and only a high-tech tool can help in their processing. Recently, diamond drilling of holes in concrete has become in demand.

Note!
The volume of reinforced concrete products is mainly occupied by cheap raw materials - gravel, crushed stone, sand.
Therefore, their price is relatively low.

What varieties exist

Reinforced concrete products are divided into:

• prestressed products;
• analogues reinforced by the usual method.

By density (specific gravity) and brand of concrete:

• super heavy ones from 2.5 t/m³;
• heavy analogues, with a density of 1.8/2.5 t/m³;
• lungs, their specific gravity up to 1.8 t/m³;
• ultralight products, their density is 0.7 t/m³.

According to their structure, reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into:

• monolithic;
• hollow;
• made from one type of solution;
• made from different types of mixture.

Reinforced concrete products can be intended:

• for residential and public buildings;
• for production facilities;
• for engineering structures.

Production Methods

The production of panels is carried out at the factories of reinforced concrete products using different methods.

1. Bench technology is designed for the manufacture of large-sized products. The solution is poured into fixed molds. Special units: concrete pavers and vibrators, in turn, approach the stands and perform technological steps.
2. The cassette method is a modification of the previous method. The panels are produced in fixed cassettes, which consist of several steel compartments. A frame of reinforcement is placed in the mold, then it is filled with concrete. Heat treatment is carried out by contact, through the walls of the cassettes.

After heating, the walls of the molds are removed, and the panels are removed by an overhead crane. This method produces flat products: wall structures and analogues for ceilings.

1. With flow-aggregate technology, molds for products move along the chain from one mechanism to the next. Wet and heat treatment is carried out continuously.
2. With the vibro-rolling method, the entire production cycle takes place on a single installation of the in-line principle of operation (vibro-rolling mill). It is a conveyor consisting of rubber-protected steel.

Its tape moves through technological posts. They take place: installation of a frame made of reinforcement, concrete pouring, its compaction by vibration and heat treatment. The instruction recommends that this method be used to produce partition and ceiling panels, as well as external wall slabs made of lightweight concrete.

Technical requirements

For wall tiles state standards make the most stringent demands.

1. Accuracy of standard dimensions, as well as geometric shape.
2. Optimal design of joints and nodes.
3. The exact location of mortgages.
4. Compliance with the standard size and mass of reinforced concrete products with the capabilities of transport and lifting machines.

Note!
A house made of reinforced concrete panels should be constructed from products whose dimensions lie within the limits of deviations and tolerances.
They are determined by GOST No. 130/15.4/84.

1. The dimensions of the mortgages in them must comply with the standard values, the error should not exceed 0.5 cm.
2. Allowable axial displacement of mortgages is not more than 1 cm.
3. These elements should be flush with the plane of the panels or above it - no more than 0.3 cm.

More about wall tiles

Large wall slabs were designed to speed up the pace of construction. For example, a cottage made of reinforced concrete panels can be built in just 2 weeks.

Advantages of reinforced concrete products

The popularity of reinforced concrete panels in mass construction, in addition to the high pace of work, is also explained by their other advantages:

• high strength;
• good bearing capacity;
• acceptable level of thermal insulation;
• 100% fire resistant;
• resistance to temperature changes;
• durability of operation.

Types of panel construction

Panel construction can be frame and frameless.

It depends on which wall slabs are used: enclosing and bearing or only enclosing.

1. In frameless buildings, the load of the floors is carried by the wall panels themselves.
2. In frame analogues, the supporting functions are performed by frames. Wall plates are used for zoning, fencing, sound and heat insulation.

Factories produce panels for both external and internal walls.

1. According to the structure, external slabs are divided into three categories: single-layer, made from cellular or lightweight concrete and consisting of two or three layers. The latter are made of heavy types of concrete and heat insulator.
2. Outside, the structures are covered with facade ceramic tiles, decorative mortar, weather-resistant paints, etc. The inside of the boards is trimmed and prepared for finishing.
3. The height of wall reinforced concrete panels is equal to the height of one floor. Their width extends to 1/2 of the room (300/720 cm), the thickness can be 20/50 cm. The dimensions of reinforced concrete wall panels for partitions correspond to the dimensions of the premises. Their thickness is 3/16 cm.

Classification of wall slabs

There are different divisions of panels into categories, based on the underlying principle: typical features, purpose, structure, composition of the material.

Plate construction

Manufactured panels are divided into monolithic and composite analogues.

In turn, layered products can be solid or have layers of air.

1. Single-layer analogues are made of homogeneous concrete with low thermal conductivity. The thickness of their outer part is 2/4 cm. Inside, the plate is decorated with lining.
2. Two-layer plates have a continuous structure. Their bearing layer is made of reinforced concrete mortar. This is the inner part of the panel, which additionally plays the role of a vapor barrier. The outer heat-shielding layer is covered with a cement-sand mortar.
3. Reinforced concrete three-layer panels are made of two slabs interconnected by a welded reinforcement frame. A heater is laid between them.

According to the bearing capacity, wall slabs are divided into:

• self-supporting products;
• carrier analogues.
• hanging panels.

partition panels

1. These large-sized slabs have a floor height and a length of up to 600 cm. They are intended for the construction of prefabricated buildings.

Note!
For the production of partition panels, ordinary or gypsum concrete with high strength should be used.
The material must have good water resistance and frost resistance.

1. Such slabs are reinforced with iron wire mesh or rods made of thermally and mechanically resistant steel, class A / III, AT / IIIC. All steel parts of the product must be coated with anti-corrosion primer.

Single layer boards

1. For the production of single-layer wall panels, concrete is used, which has a homogeneous structure and high level thermal insulation. Most often it is a light (cellular) material.
2. The outer side of the slabs is covered with a layer of cladding, 2/4 cm thick, to protect them from atmospheric influences.
3. How to finish the interior, various plasters, tiles, etc. are used.

Two-layer panels

1. The two-layer variety of plates, as a rule, has a continuous structure. The first bearing layer is made of dense reinforced concrete. The other layer is insulating.
2. It is located on the outside and covered with a cement-sand mortar.
3. The carrier layer is located inside the premises and at the same time serves as a vapor barrier.

Three-layer type of products

Most of all, reinforced concrete three-layer wall panels are now in demand.

1. The basis of the three-layer plate is the outer bearing side, the inner panel is attached to it with reinforcement. Due to the gap between them, they decrease heat loss in the building.
2. Mineral wool, cement-based fiberboard, foam silicate, polyurethane can serve as a heat insulator in such products.
3. Three-layer slabs have standard sizes and vary in thickness. It is chosen by the designers based on the climate conditions of the area and the thermal parameters of the building.
4. This type of panels is made from a mixture of either heavy types of concrete with a class of at least B-12.5.
5. Reinforce products with welded meshes or bulk steel frames. All metal parts of the plates are protected with anti-corrosion primers.
6. The characteristics of three-layer panels for walls are determined by the standards of GOST No. 31310/2005 and GOST No. 13015/2003.
7. If it is necessary to process the slabs during their installation, cutting of reinforced concrete with diamond wheels is carried out.

Product dimensions

1. The main criterion for choosing wall plates with your own hands is their size. They must be specified in the design of the building, taking into account its structural schemes and floor plans.
2. The dimensions and thickness, the size and number of openings, the technical characteristics of the panels are determined based on the project.
3. Typical dimensions of slabs for residential buildings: height is one floor, width is one or two rooms. External panels have door and window openings. Plates for partitions are solid or have doorways.
4. Panels for industrial facilities have a length of 6 meters, 9 and 12.

Note!
The thickness of the wall slabs should be chosen based on the climate conditions in your area.
The thermal properties of the building materials used are also of great importance.
Manufacturers produce products with a thickness of 20/50 centimeters

Product labeling

Panels are marked with letters and numbers through a dash.

1. The first group indicates the type of plate and its dimensions: length, height (in decimeters), thickness (in centimeters).
2. The following fragment defines the class and type of concrete: L - light, T - heavy, R - cellular.
3. The third part reports on the additional qualities of the product.

For example:

• seismic resistance is more than 7 points - C;
• frost resistance below -40 degrees - M;
• permeability: especially low - O, reduced - P, normal - N.

This group of brands includes indications of the design properties of products:

• their form;
• end configuration;
• type and location of openings, if any;
• the shape of the strobe (if present) at the junctions of adjacent elements;
• type and location of rebar outlets and embeds;
• the presence of a reinforcing structure to reduce loads due to uneven foundation deformations.

Let's give an example of marking: PST 598-300-20.

• PST - three-layer wall panel;

598 cm - its length;

300 cm - its height;

20 cm is its width.

Conclusion

Reinforced concrete panels of fences, walls and ceilings are an integral part of modern mass construction. The use of new technologies, materials and design solutions in their manufacture makes it possible to optimize the construction of buildings.

If you get acquainted with the video in this article, you will get a lot more useful information.

Three-layer wall panels are used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings, cottages and industrial facilities.

They are manufactured in the factory from three plates, which are interconnected by a reinforcing cage.

Heat-saving material is placed in the free space. The release of such panels made it possible to speed up and optimize the construction process.

Consider the types of reinforced concrete slabs and their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, regulatory requirements for production.

Panel Features

Depending on the design features reinforced concrete wall panels are divided into types:

Depending on the resistance to stress, they are divided into:

The outer layer is made depending on the requirements for operational, protective, decorative properties.

It can be finished with concrete, tiles, natural stone, sprinkled with decorative gravel or painted with facade paint.

For the installation of walls and in heated housing construction, multilayer wall panels are used, the design of which includes: outer protective-finishing, heat-saving and bearing layers.

wall panel requirements

Wall panels used in construction must comply with the requirements of regulatory documents:

• strict compliance with sizes and geometric shapes;
• high rates of heat saving and sound insulation;
• high strength, low specific gravity;
• fire resistance;
• high-quality reinforcement, all intersections of the reinforcement must be fastened together by welding;
• quality of docking connections;
• resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences;
• economy.

High stability of reinforced concrete wall panels is ensured when they are connected to each other and to ceilings. Concrete concrete panels themselves are not sufficiently stable due to their shape: large length, width and small thickness.

Flaws

The disadvantages of reinforced concrete slabs include the fact that, due to the large weight and size, it is necessary to involve special equipment during the transportation and installation of blocks.

How to distinguish high-quality concrete products

Without special equipment, the quality of the concrete used in the manufacture cannot be determined. But there are a few tricks on how to visually try to establish the quality of a wall panel.

The brand of concrete can be determined by color:

The surface of the plate must be free of cracks, chips, and other defects. The reinforcement must not protrude from the concrete slab.

According to GOST, the hinges are made of metal with a thickness of more than 10 mm.

If you see that the hinges are made of thin metal, it can be assumed that they also saved on internal reinforcement.

If during the inspection at least one of the described shortcomings was revealed, it is better not to buy such wall panels. Having saved on material, you will lose on the fact that the building will last much less and will need to perform frequent repairs.

Panel marking

Reinforced concrete products must be marked with letters and numbers written through a dash.

The first group of characters indicates the purpose and dimensions designs. An example of marking PST 700-350-25, where the length is 700 cm, the width is 350 cm, the thickness is 25 cm.

The last part of the marking indicates additional parameters:

• resistance to seismic ground vibrations greater than 7 points is denoted by the letter C;
• the possibility of operation at temperatures lower than 40 degrees, the letter M;
• permeability: normal - N, reduced - P, very low - O.

The following parameters are also indicated in the marking:

1. Shape, end face configuration.
2. Location and dimensions of door and window openings.
3. type and location.
4. The presence and shape of strobes in the junctions of adjacent elements.

For construction, you need to purchase reinforced concrete slabs made according to all the requirements of the standards. In this case, housing construction will be reliable and warm. For more information about the installation of three-layer reinforced concrete structures, see this video:

The most optimal option for energy efficient construction is the use of three-layer reinforced concrete panels.

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

OUTDOOR WALL PANELS
CONCRETE AND REINFORCED CONCRETE
FOR RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC
BUILDINGS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

GOST 11024-84

USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

from 01.01.85

* Reissue (May 1986) with Amendment No. 1 approved in November 1985 (IUS 1-86).

Non-compliance with the standard is punishable by law

This standard applies to concrete and reinforced concrete panels made from lightweight concrete, autoclaved aerated concrete and heavy concrete and intended for the exterior walls of residential and public buildings. Panels intended for use in aggressive environments shall comply with the requirements of this standard and additional guidance. project documentation established taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.03.11-85. The panels are used in buildings taking into account the fire resistance limit of the wall and the limit of fire propagation along the wall in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 2.01.02-85, SNiP 2.08.01-85 and SNiP 2.08.02-85, depending on the required degree of fire resistance of the building. The use of single-layer panels made of autoclaved cellular concrete and two-layer panels with a heat-insulating layer of lightweight concrete of a large-pore structure is not allowed in the walls of the basement and technical underground. The standard does not apply to panels of interspecific use (strip cut for public and industrial buildings and single-row cut for public and auxiliary buildings of industrial enterprises) in terms of types, basic parameters, sizes and symbols of panels, as well as prestressed panels, solid two-layer panels with insulating layer of autoclaved cellular concrete, panels that are internal in composite exterior walls, and panels for walls of wet rooms. The terms used in the standard and their explanations are given in reference Appendix 1. (Changed edition, Rev. No. 1, 2).

1. CLASSIFICATION

2. TYPES, MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

Table 1

table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

1NS60 .29.35-75L

The same, panels of the 2NS type, 3590 mm long, 2865 mm high, 400 mm thick (size 2NS36.29.40), with an internal bearing layer of lightweight concrete of the M200 compressive strength grade:

2NS36 .29.40-200L

The same, panels of the 3NS type, 2990 mm long, 2865 mm high, 350 mm thick (size 3NS30.29.35), with an internal bearing layer of heavy concrete of the M200 compressive strength grade, intended for buildings with an estimated seismicity of 8 points, built in areas with an estimated winter outdoor temperature below minus 40°С:

3NS30 .29.35-200T-SM

The same, panels of type 1NTs 2990 mm long, 2300 mm high, 300 mm thick (size 1NTs30.23.30), made of lightweight concrete of M100 compressive strength grade:

1NC30 .23.30-100L

Note. It is allowed to accept designations of panel brands in accordance with the instructions of the working drawings of standard structures until they are revised. (Revised edition, Rev. No. 2).

3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

Table 6

Table 7

4. ACCEPTANCE RULES

5. CONTROL AND TEST METHODS

6. MARKING, STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION

ATTACHMENT 1

Reference

TERMS USED IN THIS STANDARD AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS

APPENDIX 2

Mandatory

Dry thermal conductivity of lightweight concrete

Concrete and various products made from it are an integral part of the modern construction industry. There are a huge number of brands and types of reinforced concrete, as well as a variety of types construction products out of him. For both industrial and civil engineering reinforced concrete wall panels are produced, which will be discussed in this article.

Reinforced concrete panels are elements of wall structures and they are manufactured at the factory from concrete reinforced with metal reinforcing cages or special meshes, and are characterized by high resistance to fire and strength. They are made from concrete different brands, and can be both external and external. Wall panels, external reinforced concrete and internal, can be produced using heat-insulating materials - an insulated version, and without which is most typical for internal elements of reinforced concrete wall structures.

Size

Reinforced concrete wall panels come in a variety of sizes. constructions, technical requirements and standard sizes are defined in GOST 11024-84 for internal and 12504-80 for external, as well as SNiPs, specifications, industry and local standards.

The dimensions of the slabs, the size and number of openings, as well as the required thickness of the layers, indicated in the plan and taking into account the floor layout and structural schemes of the building, are all determined in accordance with project documents customer and are the main parameters in their selection and purchase. Knowing this, offers to buy used precast wall panels do not cause a special response from buyers.

Available for mounting on steel or reinforced concrete frames, and can be used for the construction of both unheated and heated structures. They are issued for housing construction and can have dimensions of 6x1.2 and 12x1.8 meters. Wall panels for industrial buildings are produced in lengths of 6, 9 and 12 m. From lightweight concrete, for walls with separate window openings, special wall slabs are produced with a length of 3 and 1.5 meters, and for doorways, slabs of 1.48 and 2 are made .98 m

External structures can be fitted with door and glazed window blocks. Climatic conditions the region where the structure is being built, as well as the thermal characteristics of the materials used, determine the thickness of the reinforced concrete panels for walls, which can vary from 20 to 50 cm.

Main types

All reinforced concrete panels for walls are conditionally classified according to the parameters that determine their types:

1. Functional purpose of structures and buildings:

• for the construction of multi-storey buildings;
• constructions of the technical underground and basement floors;
• construction of attics.

2. Applied design solutions:

• composite;
• with a solid structure.

3. Number of main layers:

• single layer;
• two-layer;
• three-layer.

Panels for the construction of walls have a different structure, which is why they receive and transmit the loads placed on them in different ways, which gives reason to subdivide them into:

• hinged;
• bearing;
• self-supporting.

Features of multilayer panels

Reinforced concrete single-layer panels are made of such lightweight cellular concrete as gas and foam concrete, with aggregates such as, for example, agloporite, perlite, slag, expanded clay. The thickness of the outer protective outer layer ranges from 2 to 4 cm. Their inner surface, in most cases, is covered with decorative finishing cement, on which, in the future, finishing is carried out.

Two-layer panels are made in the form of two ribbed slabs of large-porous expanded clay concrete, on the inside of which such heaters as foam keralite, mineral wool boards, foam glass or foam concrete are fixed. The heat-insulating layer is placed inside the building and covered protective layer cement.

Three-layer - these are reinforced concrete ribbed wall panels, between which a heater is laid. The layers made of reinforced concrete are interconnected by reinforcing welded cages. The thickness of the inner layer of insulation is performed according to the heat engineering calculation.

How much are?

Despite high demand, this construction material is not very expensive. Today, manufacturers sell reinforced concrete wall panels starting from 3,500 rubles / m 2 for the simplest single-layer and from 5,000 rubles / m 2 for three-layer ones.

Marking

On any reinforced concrete product, including panels produced by the manufacturer and meeting the requirements of GOST, a marking containing all the information about the main characteristics of the product is affixed with indelible paint. It consists of three groups of alphanumeric characters and a hyphen separating them.

In the first group, the type of product is determined, in our case PS - wall panel. The second group indicates the type of concrete, the class of reinforcement, load bearing capacity, for example, I am cellular concrete. The third group reveals the special properties of concrete products that correspond to the special conditions of their use, for example, the index "H" indicates the bottom, and "B" indicates the top.

The table shows the currently accepted markings:

Reinforced concrete panels for the construction of walls are in constant demand, which is due both to the high speed of erection of structures and the not very high labor intensity of construction, and the possibility of almost year-round construction. In addition, such performance characteristics of these products as high load-bearing capacity, durability and good heat capacity also contribute to the popularity of this material among builders.