Reason is undoubtedly the highest. Reason is undoubtedly the highest ability, but it is acquired only by victory over passions (N

Chapter 265

N.V. Gogol speaks of three states of mind (Selected passages from correspondence with friends, "A Christian goes forward" in a letter to Shch ... ... vu, M., "Russian Book", 1992, "Spiritual Prose") mind, reason and wisdom.
“Mind is not the highest ability in us. His position is no more than a police one: he can only put in order and put in place everything that we already have. He himself will not move forward until all other abilities move in us, from which he becomes wiser ... He is incomparably more dependent on mental states: as soon as passion rages, he suddenly acts blindly and stupidly; If the soul is calm and no passion boils, he himself clears up and acts wisely. Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired in no other way than by victory over the passions. Only those people who did not neglect their inner education had it in themselves. But the mind does not give a person the full opportunity to strive forward. There is still a higher ability; its name is wisdom, and Christ alone can give it to us. It is not given to any of us at birth, none of us is natural, but is the work of the highest heavenly grace. One who already has both a mind and a mind can receive wisdom in no other way than by praying for it day and night, asking God for it day and night, elevating his soul to dove-like innocence and cleaning everything inside himself to the greatest possible purity, so that to accept this heavenly guest who is afraid of dwellings where the mental economy has not come into order and there is no complete agreement in everything. If she enters the house, then heavenly life begins for a person, and he comprehends all the wonderful sweetness of being a disciple. Everything becomes a teacher for him; the whole world is his teacher; the least of men can be his teacher. From the simplest advice he will draw the wisdom of advice; the most stupid object will become its wise side towards him, and the whole universe will stand before him, like one open book of learning.
It was possible for Gogol to divide the instrument of the human ability to think the mind into three of its states quite accurately. I agreed with Gogol in 1996 almost completely, and now (2016-08-13) I will add that my, albeit partial, but still agreement was due to the state of my consciousness at that time (the level of Faith). Now I will add something that Gogol lacks and that makes significant adjustments to the understanding of the role of the mind in cultivating a person in a person. I will add to the mind, reason and wisdom with which Gogol operates, another CONSCIOUSNESS, which, in principle, exists separately from the mind, and its role is so great that not knowing about its existence is like not knowing about the elephant in your china shop (in the Soul ), which is able both to break all the dishes, which often happens if CONSCIOUSNESS is a negative sign, and to put all of it in its place with a sensitive tip of the trunk, which can happen if CONSCIOUSNESS positive sign. Since there is no knowledge of consciousness, Gogol has to ascribe to the Mind all the functions of CONSCIOUSNESS. In 1996, I also did not have a clear separation of mind and CONSCIOUSNESS, just as there was no clear division of the ability to feel into feelings and passions. All these divisions are not at the level of the Faith. It is due to the absence of clear dividing lines that the Higher Ones have been and are misleading even the most intelligent people.
I repeat that it is absolutely necessary to separate, firstly, feeling from passion: up to 50% of the development of feelings are just feelings, completely controlled, after 50% - these are passions, not controlled. Than managed or not managed? The mind has the ability to fight and fights with feeling, because there is a requirement of all institutions, including higher ones, to fight. The mind struggles with varying degrees of success until the moment when the feelings reach a value of 50 in their development, passing into what is called passions. People also struggle with passions, since from above the requirement to fight is not removed, but here the struggle, if in general, becomes only an appearance of struggle, since passion is clearly stronger than what was previously controlled (partially) by feeling, that is, stronger than the mind, which is on the verge of the transition of feeling into passion develops into reason and, accordingly, is born at the transitional line of CONSCIOUSNESS of a given level (negative value).
I also divide CONSCIOUSNESS into three states. CONSCIOUSNESS, born of the mind, is consciousness of the first order. CONSCIOUSNESS, born of the mind, is consciousness of the second order. The CONSCIOUSNESS born of wisdom is the consciousness of the third order. The real power is in CONSCIOUSNESS, and not in the instruments of its birth - the mind, reason or wisdom. CONSCIOUSNESS - an elephant that is born by a developed mind, one might say, on its own (mind) head, since Consciousness is not dependent on feelings (mind, unlike CONSCIOUSNESS, is not just dependent, but acts in the interests of feelings, mainly, although, on the other side, fights them).
The mind is like a clerk in a china shop that belongs to the senses (the owner). The tools for the birth of CONSCIOUSNESS have their own power (the orderer has a certain independence), but this is the power given to the tools to fight (from the background) with feeling. A person has no CONSCIOUSNESS at the very beginning in the Soul, except for (abstract) consciousness from base 0: it is born by a mind that can give birth when it becomes an adult. A baby elephant in a china shop is born, I repeat, when the clerk gains a certain strength. Then (after birth) the baby elephant grows quite quickly, because his nature is so (elephant). The power of CONSCIOUSNESS becomes noticeable only at the level of reason, and then only partially, its power is better noticed at the level of wisdom. In the state of wisdom, CONSCIOUSNESS has the power to subdue feelings and passions so that they, like sleepy snakes, have almost no effect on human behavior. In the film “The Hot Sun of the Desert”, the old people on the mound are blown off their hats by the shock wave of the explosion: they were blown away - they continue to sit quietly in their place. Such is the power of the wise CONSCIOUSNESS that neither feelings nor passions have the opportunity to jump up from their place.
Almost exactly, Gogol says that at the first stage of the relationship between the mind and the feeling, the mind has only the function of a policeman: it monitors the feelings, sometimes prompting them that, for example, it is not good to do this: you can dream, but it is undesirable to do. Gogol also correctly says that the decision to act depends on the mind, but a person does not act as the mind has decided, but as the feelings need, since the owner of a china shop can listen to the clerk, but only listen. This state of the relationship between the mind and feelings corresponds to the pagan level of development, when it was necessary to teach a person to feel and feelings, respectively, the will was given to prevail over the mind (only the sub-plane of the mind worked, Figure 51, 2-3). At the second stage in the development of the mind-reason and feelings relationship, Gogol speaks of victory over passions, while noting that only a few have managed to achieve victory over passions. To clarify, at the second stage, a certain semblance of victory is only observed, since the CONSCIOUSNESS of a person at the level of the mind increases its Power by the constant struggle of the mind with feelings and, thanks to this Power, gets the opportunity to restrain feelings. However, containment is not victory. Planes on aircraft carriers are also held back so that the engine accelerates properly and the plane immediately soars into the sky almost from a standstill. I will cite as an example again the same Father Sergius in Leo Tolstoy, who restrained himself for a year in monasticism, and then attacked his bare chest with fury. Tolstoy, with regard to the passions in man, understood this somewhat deeper than Gogol.
How Gogol and Tolstoy communicated with God, we do not know, because they themselves do not tell anything about it. Apparently, they had a minimum of specific communications. God communicates with people in such a way that usually no one can say anything about this communication. I tell everything because the Higher Consciousness that guides me is not God, who led Gogol and Tolstoy. And the God of Gogol and Tolstoy is the old Master of being, who created this world and kept people in it in the same way as an old magician keeps the audience, who does not spread his secrets. Therefore, it can be said that, out of all these squabbles between the mind and feelings, it is quite natural for Gogol to enter the arena of the state of the Mind, called reason, when a person can only pray to the Lord to give him wisdom. God, meaning the old Master of being, indeed, according to Gogol, can give a person such a state of mind (WISDOM), when feelings or passions will not be masters of a person’s actions. And when God gives this state, a person can, observing himself, think how good it is that passions no longer own him, but - all this will be in him from God, and not born by him. In the first book, I describe this state of mine, when I didn’t want anything at all in the south and I was delighted with this state, because all this was accompanied by euphoria.
Artificially, God can mold anything out of a person. But then it will not be a person, but a biorobot. So far, all people are in the state of biorobots, because in the old limits of being under the old Master, no one, even such smart and reasonable people as Gogol and Tolstoy, were able to make a person out of themselves. Such a state of Soul is artificially communicated to Alexander I that he leaves his reign and sets off on a journey as a wandering monk. Who else could do this? This is an exception to the rule that proves the rule. Leo Tolstoy, also not without the help of God, renounced count privileges through simplification. Theoretically, everything was so right with Tolstoy that even the Tolstoyan movement appeared. However, later this word began to be ironically called the image of a certain rapprochement between the upper class and the common people. Let me remind you that Tolstoy, in accordance with the theory of simplification or heeding the voice from above, opposed the publication of his old works, but did not refuse them. Gogol in general completely abandoned all his works: he was ashamed of them when he saw this "trifle" on the shelves of his friends. He stopped writing, but he needed to do something. And he began to write the second volume of "Dead Souls", believing that with his new spiritual vision for life, he would get something exactly what God requires from a person. However, he did not succeed. I understand why, but he did not understand and continued to grind out what his consciousness had not yet reached. I repeat, he did not succeed because there was no knowledge in his mind about the separation between feelings and passions and between the mind and CONSCIOUSNESS, which ultimately leads to a prayerful appeal to God, that is, to the rejection of self-birth.
The reason for Gogol's failure in his work on the second volume of Dead Souls (after the turning point) is the confusion of two genres, or, in other words, the confusion of two levels of understanding of reality. It is impossible to write a work of art, as Dead Souls was, by means of spiritual prose. "Confession" Leo Tolstoy writes in a completely different language, like Gogol - his "Spiritual Prose". I have my spiritual books, starting with My Way to God, this is an exploration of myself, not some fictional hero. No matter how good Oscar Wilde's "The Picture of Dorian Gray" is, it is a work of art, because the author collects his observations on the human personality in a fictional character that can be sculpted as the author wants: to add something for the red word. Hoffmann’s “Little Tsakhes” seems to be a cast from the nature of German society of that time, but the author resorts to increasing one and decreasing the other, which is allowed and welcomed in a work of art, for a number of reasons (one of which is so that ). Even cooler is the hypertrophy in Swift's work in Gulliver's Travels, where a person enters the country of the Lilliputians and looks like a giant there.
Spiritual prose (for a writer) or a diary (for a person) are frank thoughts about everything around a person, in the light of researching oneself, who you are, why you are, why you are. Within the old world, this research, due to the incomplete knowledge of the technology of human birth, thus becomes a mockery of this birth. In Tolstoyanism with its simplification, everything seems to be fine (theoretically), but this is only part of the path, which becomes a mockery of the path itself and the person who took up the tug, not knowing that this tug is pulled in the opposite direction by the system of blocks. Tolstoy pulled and pulled for a very long time (1828-1910) - and pulled out the devil knows what. Gogol (1809-1852) dies at the age of forty, when, according to our technology, a person must enter the period of comprehension of the lessons. He began his period of reflection in 1840, when he was thirty-one years old: as if he was rapidly going through what Tolstoy, on the contrary, would drag on for a long time. Comprehended (1840-52) twelve years, almost as long as it takes technology (Figure 36) to comprehend the lessons: it takes seven years plus seven for the maturity of the mind.
Quote from the Preface to the publication of Gogol's "Spiritual Prose", which came to me from Misha A. (p. 4), "Russian Book" 1992:
In the summer of 1840, he experienced an illness, but rather not of the body, but of the soul. Experiencing severe bouts of "nervous breakdown" and "painful melancholy" and not hoping for recovery, he even wrote a spiritual testament. According to S.T. Aksakov, Gogol had “visions” about which he told N.P. Botkin (brother of critic V.P. Botkin). Then followed the "resurrection", "miraculous healing", and Gogol believed that his life "is necessary and will not be useless." A new path opened up for him. “From here,” writes S.T. Aksakov, - Gogol's constant striving for self-improvement begins. spiritual man and the predominance of the religious direction, which later reached, in my opinion, such a high mood, which is no longer compatible with the bodily shell of a person.
Incompatibility with the body shell is an accurate diagnosis of the state of the Soul, which, with its consciousness, has broken away from the earth, but the body still lives and with its physical consciousness, oriented towards earthly life, tears the Soul between heaven and earth.
Gogol began to write spiritual prose when he already had the name of a luminary in the literary world. “Sending the first notebook of the manuscript to Pletnev in St. Petersburg at the end of July 1846, Gogol demanded: “All your affairs aside, and start printing this book called “Selected passages from correspondence with friends.” Gogol is so confident of success that he advises Pletnev to stockpile paper for the second edition. It is quite obvious to him that only this work of his makes sense and is head and shoulders above all his previous works. Something similar happened to me when I published my first spiritual book. It seemed that not only did I suddenly begin to understand everything spiritually, but when people read, they will immediately understand that the meaning of life can only be in the spiritual path and everyone will unanimously begin to realize this spiritual path.
However, not universal recognition awaited Gogol after the publication of this book. Arrows of criticism flew at him from all sides. Gogol, having soared to the pinnacle of success with his Dead Souls and The Government Inspector, is no longer able to calmly treat criticism, which clearly does not understand what he is talking about in his new work. Gogol is very painfully experiencing criticism. The higher the peak taken, the more painful it is for the Soul of a person from the arrows of criticism.
“P.A. Vyazemsky, not without wit, wrote to S.P. Shevyrev in March 1847: “... our critics look at Gogol as a master would look at a serf who in his house took the place of a storyteller and amusement and suddenly ran away from home and took the vows of a monk.”
“In the disputes, the main trend quickly emerged - the rejection of the book. It was unconditionally condemned not only by Westerners (Herzen, Granovsky, Botkin, Annenkov), but also those close to Gogol - for example, the Aksakovs. The apotheosis was an article by Belinsky from Salzbrunn, in which the critic claimed that Gogol betrayed his talent and beliefs that the book was written with the aim of becoming a tutor to the son of the heir to the throne; in the language of the book, he saw the fall of talent and unequivocally alluded to Gogol's madness.
And so this period of Gogol's life and work remained for posterity the period of the "gone roof" of the brilliant satirist. During Gogol's lifetime, the belief spread that Gogol had gone mad, and it persisted until the last days of the writer's life. I.S. Turgenev, who visited Gogol with Shchepkin in October 1851, recalled that they “went to him as to an extraordinary, brilliant man who had something in his head ... All of Moscow was of such an opinion.” “Once again, the words of the Apostle Paul were confirmed: “A natural person does not accept what is from the Spirit of God, because he considers it foolishness; and cannot understand, because this must be judged spiritually” (1 Cor. 2:14).
It was much easier for me in this respect, because I had almost no fame and none of the authorities of this world knew me. Only one of the familiar writers said that my roof went crazy, and immediately added that I am now like Nostradamus or what? Others, except for Chert's guide Aleksey M., thought the same, but did not speak directly. A century and a half has passed since the time of Gogol, and besides, the nineties were a spiritual boom in Russia. Many of the roof went and who in which direction it went, no one could say. Only the old earthly masters of the world knew for sure that it is bad when the roof goes, and it is better not to accept such writers who have a roof, just in case, in the Union. And it’s good that they didn’t accept me, because they would immediately start building an author who, in their opinion, is not entirely reasonable, as everyone who is not lazy built Gogol. As a result, Gogol wrote to Aksakov S.T. in 1847 on this subject: "Yes, the book defeated me, but it was the will of God."
Gogol admits defeat from the height of his physical consciousness, which turned out to be too exalted to diminish. If, say, he had the wisdom to understand that the reaction of the world to his book is a regularity, then he would not consider the rejection of the book a defeat. If he had the wisdom, as he himself said above, to accept everything that happens as learning, then he would consider rejection just another lesson.

The mind gives a person unlimited possibilities. This natural gift must be cultivated and constantly developed - only in this case it will become a powerful weapon against the passions that overwhelm us.

Feelings that prevail over reason often lead to mistakes, sometimes irreparable. But the feelings that arise in the soul are difficult to manage, almost everyone knows about it. That is why a person is characterized by stupid and inexplicable actions.

It seems to me that feelings should be in harmony with reason. Relying only on emotions, you can do a lot of trouble. At the same time, a cold mind leading through life, excluding feelings and desires, will never make a person truly happy.

You can consider this problem on the example of "Poor Lisa" by Nikolai Karamzin. Each of the heroes of the story was guided in his actions by what had a greater impact on him.

Erast was characterized by base passions: he lost his own estate at cards, but at some point reason prevailed over passions and suggested to the hero a simple way out of a difficult situation. He could remedy the situation by marrying a rich widow. An unseemly act, but quite logical in his situation. Pure calculation deprived him of the main joy of life - love, but for the sake of his position in society, Erast is ready for such a sacrifice.

Liza, on the contrary, completely surrendered to the power of her heartfelt feelings. Under their pressure, the mind was simply not able to give advice to the young peasant woman.

The girl completely forgot about social inequality with her lover, and she rejected the party that was beneficial for herself without regrets. But in the end, feelings for Erast drove the heroine to suicide, although Lisa was attached to her old mother with all her heart. As a result, none of the heroes of the story became happy. Lisa died, her mother's heart groans with grief, and Erast will consider himself a murderer until the end of his days ... Despite pragmatism, the young man is endowed with a conscience - this is also an important feeling.

As a result, we can state that only agreement between reason and spiritual passions can help a person in difficult times. If you are guided only by reason or emotions alone, there is a high probability of a fatal error.

Updated: 2016-12-04

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Useful material on the topic

LIST OF EXAMPLE TOPICS: Internal conflict: feelings vs. reason. 2. "Reason is given to man in order to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone, people live by feelings" (Erich Maria Remarque). 3. "Without a deep moral feeling, a person cannot have either love or honor" (V. G. Belinsky). 4. "Love is a delightful deception to which a person agrees of his own free will" (A. S. Pushkin). 5. There are feelings that replenish and obscure the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movements of feelings "(M. Prishvin). 6. One should entrust the whole life to the mind alone, as a wise guardian" (Pythagoras). one.

7. "Reason is, undoubtedly, the highest ability, but it is acquired only by victory over passions" (NV Gogol). 8. "The mind cannot comprehend the needs of the heart" (Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues). 9. "Reason and feelings are two forces that equally need each other, they are dead and insignificant without the other" (V. G. Belinsky). 10. "An enlightened mind ennobles moral feelings: the head must educate the heart" (Schiller). 11. If we assume that human life can be controlled by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed" (L. N. Tolstoy).

12. You can be the master of your actions, but in feelings we are not free. (Gustave Flaubert). 13. It is not necessary to give hope to people for mutual feelings, if there are none at all. 14. Do I need to throw out the feeling out? 15. When we are ready to succumb to the dictates of feelings, Shyness always prevents us from admitting it. Know how to recognize behind the coldness of words The excitement of the soul and heart is a gentle call. (Molière) 16. If reason reigned in the world, nothing would happen in it. 17. How terrible can the mind be if it does not serve man (Sophocles). 18. Should reason obey science? 19. Reason - a happy gift of a person or his curse? 20. Do rational and moral always coincide? 21. Reason is a burning glass, which, when ignited, remains cold itself (Rene Descartes). 22. In an unreasonable age, the mind, set free, is destructive for its owner (George Savile Halifax).

LOGIC OF REASONING: 1. Feelings prevail. What does it lead to? Could the tragedy have been avoided? 2. Reason prevails. What does it lead to? Could the tragedy have been avoided? 3. Or feelings, or reason. What is dangerous? Is it possible to achieve harmony? 4. Harmony. What does it lead to? Is it possible to achieve perfection in this world?

EXAMPLE WORKS I. S. Turgenev "Asya", "Fathers and Sons" I. Bunin "Dark Alleys", "Sunstroke", "Light Breath", "Mr. from S. -F" M. A. Bulgakov "Master and Margarita" N. M. Karamzin "Poor Lisa" A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" M. Yu. Tolstoy "War and Peace" F. M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment" M. Gorky "At the Bottom" M. Sholokhov "Quiet Flows the Don" A. I. Solzhenitsyn "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" V. Rasputin "Live and Remember" A I. Kuprin "Garnet Bracelet", "Olesya"

Quotes

1. Internal conflict: feelings versus reason.
2. EM. Remarque: “Reason is given to man in order to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone. People live by feelings.
3. Belinsky: "Without a deep moral feeling, a person cannot have either love or honor."
4. A.S. Pushkin: "Love is a delightful deception to which a person agrees of his own free will"
5. MM. Prishvin: “There are feelings that replenish and obscure the mind, but there is a mind that cools the movement of feelings.”
6. Pythagoras: "To mind alone, as a wise guardian, one should entrust all life"
7. Gogol: “Reason is, undoubtedly, the highest ability, but it is acquired only as a victory over passions”
8. "The mind cannot comprehend the needs of the heart" Luc Vauvenargues.
9. Belinsky: “Reason and feeling are two forces that equally need each other”
10. Schiller: “An enlightened mind ennobles moral feelings; The head must educate the heart. “Does the sun shine for me today so that I think about yesterday?”
11. Leo Tolstoy "War and Peace": "If we assume that human life will be controlled only by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed."

ESSAY

I want to live in order to think and suffer.

A.S. Pushkin

Mind and feelings. Can they possess a person at the same time or are they mutually exclusive concepts? Is it true that in a fit of feelings a person commits both vile deeds and great discoveries that drive evolution and progress? What is a dispassionate mind capable of, a cold calculation? The search for answers to these questions has occupied the best minds of mankind since life appeared. And this dispute - which is more important: reason or feeling - has been going on since antiquity, and each person has his own answer. "People live by feelings." - Remarque claims, but immediately adds that in order to realize this, reason is needed.

(THIS IS GUIDING QUESTIONS)

The search for answers to these questions occupies the best minds of mankind. On the pages of the world fiction the problem of the influence of feelings and reason on a person is raised very often. So, for example, in Leo Tolstoy's epic novel "War and Peace" two types of heroes appear before the reader. These are impetuous Natasha Rostova, sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, fearless Nikolai Rostov. On the other hand, arrogant and prudent Helen Kuragina, her brother is callous Anatole. Many conflicts in the novel come precisely from an overabundance of feelings of the characters, whose ups and downs are very interesting to watch. A vivid example of how a rush of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha's betrayal. After all, for her, funny and young, it is incredibly long to wait a year for a wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky. Could she subordinate her unexpectedly flared feelings for Anatole to the voice of reason? Here in front of us, indeed, a real drama is unfolding in the soul of the heroine. She faces a difficult choice: to leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole, or not to succumb to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made. Only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot condemn the girl, knowing her impatient nature and thirst for love. Natasha's impulse was dictated by feelings. She later regretted her action when she analyzed it.

(MAN-1arg LIVES WITH FEELINGS)

It was the feeling of sublime and boundless love that allowed the heroine of M. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" to reunite with her beloved. The heroine, without hesitation for a second, gives her soul to the devil and goes with him to the ball, where murderers and hangmen are attached to her knee. Rejecting a measured, secure life in a luxurious mansion with loving husband, she rushes into an adventurous adventure with evil spirits. Here is a vivid example of how a person, having chosen a feeling, created his happiness. (COUNTER ARGUMENT)

Thus, the statement of E. M. Remarque is absolutely true: guided only by reason, a person can live, but it will be a colorless, dull and joyless life. Only feelings give life indescribably bright colors leaving inexpressibly filled memories. As the great classic L.N. Tolstoy said: “If we assume that human life will be controlled only by reason, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed.” (Author A. Tretyakova)

More citaly

If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will be false. Titus Lucretius Kar

Man is a receptive, feeling, intelligent and reasonable being, striving for self-preservation and happiness. Paul Henri-Holbach

In the nature of rational beings lies the ability to feel their imperfections; that is why nature has given us modesty, that is, a sense of shame in front of these imperfections. Charles Louis Montesquieu

All knowledge originates from the mind and proceeds from the senses. Francesco Patrici

At twenty, feeling reigns, at thirty - talent, at forty - reason. Baltasar Gracian y Morales

Let each one try to think and speak rationally, but refrain from trying to convince others of the infallibility of his tastes and feelings: this is too difficult an undertaking. Jean de La Bruyère

Everyone's eyes will darken if he, standing at the edge of the abyss, looks into its depths. This is not fear, but a natural feeling beyond the control of reason. Lucius Annaeus Seneca

To understand what is just, to feel what is beautiful, to desire what is good - this is the chain of intelligent life. August Platen

What are the hallmarks of the truly human in man? Mind, will and heart. The perfect man has the power of thought, the power of will and the power of feeling. The power of thinking is the light of knowledge, the power of will is the energy of character, the power of feeling is love. Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach

The opposition of Reason and Sensibility is a very interesting one to argue. It is logical to start a composition of this type with a definition of the concepts of reason and feelings. Such a beginning will allow not to deviate from the topic and find signs of reason and feelings in those heroes who will be chosen for argumentation.

Good for definitions dictionary D.N. Ushakov.

"Intelligence- the ability to think logically, comprehending the meaning ( meaning for oneself, someone or something) and the connection of phenomena, to understand the laws of development of the world, society and consciously find appropriate ways to transform them. || Consciousness of something, views, as a result of a certain worldview.

"The senses- the ability to perceive external impressions, to feel, to experience something. sight, hearing, smell, touch, taste. || A state in which a person is able to be aware of his surroundings, owns his spiritual and mental abilities. || The inner, mental state of a person, that which is included in the content of his mental life "It can be simpler:" Feelings are the attitudes of a person experienced in various forms to objects and phenomena of reality. Human life unbearable (and boring, it will be possible to add if the essay is written according to "Eugene Onegin") without worry. Emotional saturation requires not only positive feelings, but also feelings associated with suffering.

Dictionary D.N. Ushakov can also be useful to the writer from the position that each definition is supported by a quotation from a literary work.

The essay can be decorated with the disclosure of the concept through a quote or a philosophical or religious teaching. For Mind and Feelings, the following can be suggested:

“I wanted to understand,” God sighed, “whether the mind itself can develop a conscience. I put only a spark of reason into you. But it did not develop a conscience. a mind not washed by conscience becomes malignant. That's how you appeared. You are an unsuccessful project of man." (Fazil Iskander "Dream of God and the Devil")

"Reason is the ability to create principles." (I. Kant).

"The brain is taking the reins because the soul has retired." (O. Spengler)

"A person needs to experience strong feelings in order to develop noble qualities that would expand the circle of his life." (O. de Balzac)

"There are feelings that replenish and obscure the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of feelings." M. Prishvin

In the essay, it can be assumed that the common between the mind and feelings is that they determine the actions of a person. And then you can talk about the importance, sincerity, correctness of human actions performed on the basis of reason and the basis of feelings. The topic is interesting because you can think about what is more important - the mind or feelings, what is needed for their development.

World literature provides the richest material for reasoning on the theme of feelings and reason. When viewed in chronological order, this is

J. Austin "Sense and Sensibility" (Eleanor's mind and Marianne's feelings);

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" (Onegin's mind and Tatyana's feelings),

A. de Saint-Exupery "The Little Prince" (everything in the Prince - both mind and feelings);

A. and B. Strugatsky "Roadside Picnic" (work and relationships by Redrick Shewhart);

F. Iskander "Dream of God and the Devil" (see quote above);

J. Moyes "Me Before You" (Will's mind and Louise's feelings).

1. Internal conflict: feelings vs. reason
2. "Reason is given to man in order to understand: it is impossible to live by reason alone, people live by feelings." Erich Maria Remarque
3. "Without a deep moral feeling, a person cannot have either love or honor." V. G. Belinsky
4. "Love is a delightful deception to which a person agrees of his own free will." A. S. Pushkin
5. "There are feelings that replenish and obscure the Mind, but there is a Mind that cools the movement of feelings." I. Prishvin
6. "To reason alone, as a wise guardian, one should entrust all life." Pythagoras
7. "Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired only by victory over passions." N. V. Gogol
8. "The mind cannot comprehend the needs of the heart." Vauvenarg
9. "Reason and feeling are two forces equally in need of each other." V. G. Belinsky
10. "An enlightened Mind ennobles moral feelings; the head must educate the heart." F. Schiller
11. "If we assume that human life can control the mind, then the very possibility of life will be destroyed." L. N. Tolstoy

Bibliography:
1. L. N. Tolstoy. War and Peace. After the ball. Death of Ivan Ilyich
2. I. S. Turgenev. Fathers and Sons.
3. N. Karamzin. Poor Lisa
4. M. A. Bulgakov. The Master and Margarita. Notes of a young doctor. dog's heart
5. V. Hugo. Outcasts. Cathedral of Notre Dame
6. D. Fowles. Collector. Magus
7. F. M. Dostoevsky. Crime and Punishment. Moron. Meek
8. M. Aldanov. Key. Escape. Cave.
9. V. Zheleznikov. Scarecrow
10. A. Aleksin. Mad Evdokia. My brother plays the clarinet
11. A. I. Kuprin. Olesya. Garnet bracelet
12. A. Ostrovsky. Thunderstorm. Dowry

Reason is the ability to create principles.
Immanuel Kant

If reason reigned in the world, nothing would happen in it.

Man is a rational being, but this does not apply to humanity.
Raymond Aron

The will of Fate is such that rationality is inherent in all creatures.
Empedocles of Agrigentum

Explore everything, let your mind come first; let him lead you.
Pythagoras of Samos

How terrible can the mind be if it does not serve man.
Sophocles

How good it is when human well-being is based on the laws of reason™
Pythagoras of Samos

Reason is the faculty which gives us the principles of a priori knowledge.
Immanuel Kant

Reason itself cannot be theoretical without being practical: no intelligence is possible in a person if there is not some practical ability in him ...
Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Faith in reason is not only faith in our reason, but also - and even more than that - faith in the reason of others.
Karl Raimund Popper

We can say that we have a mind, as well as a language, to communicate with other people.
Karl Raimund Popper

Prejudice is the gravest crime of the intellect.
Imre Lakatos

The intellectual element is not such a significant chance in the struggle of life as to be always decisive.
Wilhelm Windelband

To be in the fetters of the contemplation of time - such, I am afraid, is the hereditary sin of the intellect.
Wilhelm Windelband

The advantage of man is reason.
Edmund Husserl

One has a clearer head, the other less.
Ernst Simon Bloch

The mind is not its own master, it is always dependent on
those real conditions in which its activity is manifested.
Hans Georg Gadamer

It is he who stubbornly clings to his plans that will first of all feel the impotence of his mind.
Hans Georg Gadamer

The brain takes the reins because the soul has retired.
Oswald Spengler

Reason is given to us in order to “bring to reason” the unreasonable.
Jurgen Habermas

The mind tortures and cannot but try new ups and downs, and, however, each such upsurge is inevitably accompanied by a fall.
Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov

Reason knows only things; for it there is nothing living, i.e., non-material.
Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov

Mind is not a fire-breathing Dragon at all. Without rage and without joy, indifferently and, as it were, lifelessly, he mortifies and decomposes every desire and ridicules every goal.
Lev Karsavin

A reasonable person is most easily reproached for heartlessness and lack of spirituality.
Frantisek Lid

Reason is the ability to get out of adverse circumstances.
Frantisek Lid

It is Reason that includes such abstract monsters as Duty, Duty, Morality, Truth and their more concrete predecessors, the gods, who were used to intimidate man and limit his free and happy development.
Paul Carl Feyerabend

Our minds get confused when we try to measure the depth of the world below us.
Pierre Teilhard de Chardin

The human race would be in danger and would soon be plunged into despair if it shied away from the beautiful dangers of the intellect and reason.
Jacques Maritain

Today reason must fight against the irrational deification of wild and instinctive forces that threaten to destroy all civilization.
Jacques Maritain

Reason must obey science.
Gaston Bashlar

What would reason be without cause for reason?
Gaston Bashlar

The answers of reason were believed without even noticing that they pretend to be divine authority, imitating revelation.
Georges Bataille

Only reason has the power to destroy what it has done, to overthrow what it has erected.
Georges Bataille

The intellect, which seeks to reduce itself to logical formalism, destroys itself.
Emmanuelle Mounier

The irrational is always clerical. It exaggerates to overwhelm. Reason is unquestionable, it doesn't distort, it doesn't adapt, it doesn't mystify: it's just limited and useless.
Emmanuelle Mounier

The first task of the mind is to reduce the unknown to the known.
Emmanuelle Mounier

The mind cannot remain passive when faced with the technological and economic conditions associated with the natural environment.
Kyud Levi-Strauss

The role of the intellectual is not to tell others what to do.
Paul Michel Foucault

The light of reason is on the part of those who seek to remove the blinders from their eyes.
Pierre Bourdieu

Intelligence is a certain form of balance.
Jean Piaget

The human mind is limited, but the human mind, that is, the mind of mankind, is unlimited.

Reason is given to man so that he lives rationally, and not only so that he sees that he lives unreasonably.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

... Reason and feeling are two forces that equally need each other, dead and insignificant one without the other.
Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky

Reason is an incomparably higher ability, but it is acquired only by victory over the passions.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol

A different Russian mind is much more excellent than overseas; but since it does not yet have as much respect and approval as a foreign mind, it often becomes dumber because of it.
Nikolay Ivanovich Novikov

The mind shows a person not only appearance, beauty and goodness of each object, but also provides it with a real use of it.
Kozma Prutkov

Your own mind is the only oracle heaven has given you
and you are not responsible for the correctness, but for the honesty of the decision.
Thomas Jefferson

Man can discover God only with the help of his mind. Take away the mind and man will be unable to understand anything; then it won't matter to whom to read the Bible - a horse or a man.
Thomas Paine (Peng)

The fanatic's mind is like the pupil of the eye - the brighter the light poured on it, the more it narrows.
Oliver Wendell Holmes

The battlefield where the mind fights is more terrible than the battlefield where people die; it is more difficult to cultivate than arable land.
Honore de Balzac

You can give in to force, but meekly submit only to reason.
Louis Auguste Blanqui

The human mind has three keys that open everything: a number, a letter, a note. Know, think, dream. Everything is in it.
Victor Marie Hugo

Reason is a happy gift of man and his curse.
Erich Fromm

The goal of all activity of the intellect is the transformation of some "miracle" into something comprehended ...
Albert Einstein

A mind that is not organized by an idea is not yet the force that enters life creatively.
Maksim Gorky

We must understand that the mind is our luminary. There is nothing more wonderful than the human brain, nothing more amazing than the process of thinking, nothing more precious,
than the results of scientific research.
Maksim Gorky

The mind was created in the world of regular phenomena and for it, but for the world of miracles there are enough holy fools and hysterics.
Kliment Arkadyevich Timiryazev

Each creature has organs that indicate its place in the world. For man, this organ is the mind.
If your mind does not show you your place in the world and your destination, then know that it is not the bad structure of the world, not your mind, that is to blame for this, but the false direction that you gave it.
There are many bad things in the world, but there is no worse bad mind. The first is bad - a bad mind.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

First of all, you need to believe in reason.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Reason is the pointer to the path of life.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Reasonable and moral always coincide.
Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy

Reason is the offspring of Rhythm.
Ambros Bierce

The first business of reason is to distinguish between true and false.
Albert Camus

It is natural for the mind to reflect, to be aware, that is, to connect causes and effects, to give an answer to the question “why”, to reveal the accidental, to discover the regular, to establish the consistency of new properties with new conditions, to find beginnings and ends in the chain of what is happening.
Jean Henri Fabre

Reason, even if it is oppressed and neglected, in the end always prevails, for it is impossible to live without it.
Anatole France

Our mind grabs at individual successive measures and does not catch the whole melody.
Alfred Adler

Only that intellect can we call reason which contains the feeling of community and which is thereby oriented towards the service of the common good.
Alfred Adler

The mind can be compared to the force of gravity, the weakest of natural forces, but, in the end, creates the Sun and star systems.
Alfred North Whitehead

The fact that the mind fails too often is no legitimate reason for the hysterical conclusion that it never reaches its goal.
Alfred North Whitehead

If there were no reason, we would be overwhelmed by sensuality. That's what the mind is to curb its absurdities.
William Shakespeare

The mind is a burning glass that, when ignited, remains cold itself.
Rene Descartes

Reason without prudence is double madness.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales

A wise man benefits more from enemies than a fool from friends.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales

After all, no one can believe anyone and nothing and nothing without conviction; and in general it is impossible to explain anything to anyone without the help of reason and intellect.
Andrzej Vinovaty

To wish, without the help of the mind, to understand the truth and defend it is the same absurdity as to wish to see and distinguish colors without eyes or closing them, to hear without ears or shutting them up, to grab or throw projectiles without a hand.
Andrzej Vinovaty

Everyone complains about their memory, but no one complains about their mind.
François de La Rochefoucauld

The most bizarre recklessness is usually the product of the most refined mind.
François de La Rochefoucauld

Who hasn't lost their mind at least once in their life?
Molière

Reason does not govern love.
Molière

The dictates of the mind are much more powerful than the orders of any master: disobedience to the latter makes a person unhappy, disobedience to the former makes a fool.
Blaise Pascal

Two extremes: cross out the mind, recognize only the mind.
Blaise Pascal

Nothing is more in harmony with reason than its distrust of itself.
Blaise Pascal

In an unreasonable age, the mind, set free, is destructive for its owner.
George Savile Halifax

The greatest use of our mind is to guess what others think of us. To guess partially is dangerous; completely - alas, sadly.
George Savile Halifax

There is nothing more repulsive to us than reason when it is not on our side.
George Savile Halifax

We are the freer the more we act according to reason, and the more we are enslaved the more we succumb to passions.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

It is not easy to convince people to use reason instead of eyes.
Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle

The mind has a natural power ... It is resisted, but this resistance is its victory; wait a little more
and the person will be forced to return to it.
Charles Louis Montesquieu

The triumph of reason lies in getting along with people who do not have it.
Voltaire

Pave the way to the mind of a person through his heart.
Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield

The most essential and noblest of all that we have is reason.
Gabriel Bonnot de Mably

Of all the faculties of man, reason, which is the union of all others, is the most difficult to develop and the last to develop.
Jean Jacques Rousseau

Our mind is perceptive rather than consistent, and embraces more than it can comprehend.
Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues

In the grip of craft and gullibility, the voice of reason suffocates.
Edmund Burke

It takes a lot of courage to use your own mind.
Edmund Burke

Our reason sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.
Nicola Sebastian Chamfort

Teaching reason and being reasonable are two very different things.
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg

Reason, with the help of science, penetrates the secrets of matter, indicates where the truth is. Science and experience are only means, only ways of collecting materials for the mind.
Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov

An intelligent person can always find an exercise.
Ekaterina II Alekseevna

A living person, devoid of reason, is more terrible than a dead one.
Charles Dickens

Intelligence! When will your so long immaturity end!
William Hazlitt

Reason is the sum of our best feelings.
Percy Bysshe Shelley

There is as much difference between reason and reason as there is between a book. recipes and pie.
Carl Ludwig Berne

Whom God wants to destroy, he first deprives him of reason.
Sophocles

Whom Jupiter wants to destroy, he deprives him of reason.
Euripides

To reason alone, as a wise guardian, should be entrusted with all life.
Pythagoras of Samos

The essence of the matter is not in the fullness of knowledge, but in the fullness of understanding.
Democritus

... Whoever is able to make [reasonable] decisions is reasonable in the general sense of the word.
Aristotle

A wise man does not pursue that which is pleasant, but that which relieves troubles.
Aristotle

It is better to be unhappy with reason than to be happy without reason.
Epicurus

I prefer restrained reasonableness to talkative stupidity.
Cicero Mark Tullius

Reason does not have to choose if the choice is between truth and fiction.
Cicero Mark Tullius

This being, which we call man, is one of so many kinds of living beings that has received reason and the ability to think, while all other beings are deprived of this.
Cicero Mark Tullius

Keep your sanity in difficult circumstances.
Horace (Quintus Horace Flaccus)

Meditation teaches mortals reason.
Publilius Sir

The spirit is subdued by reason and tries to be defeated.
Persia Flakk Avl

A noble origin is a blessing, but it is the blessing of the ancestors. Wealth is honorable, but it is a matter of happiness. Fame is desirable but fickle. Beauty is beautiful, but transient. Health is valuable, but easily destroyed. Strength is enviable, but it is destroyed by old age and disease. Education is the only thing that is divine and immortal in us; and two things are the best in human nature: reason and speech.
Plutarch

If the testimony of the eyes were more powerful than the evidence of the mind, then the palm in wisdom would undoubtedly have to be awarded to the eagle.
Apuleius

Man has three paths to reason: the path of reflection is the noblest; the path of imitation is the easiest; path personal experience- the hardest way.
Confucius (Kung Tzu)

The feeble-minded expresses contempt for his neighbor; but a reasonable person is silent.

A reprimand has a stronger effect on a wise man than on a stupid one hundred blows.
Old Testament. Proverbs of Solomon

The prudent is restrained in his words, and the prudent is cold-blooded.
Old Testament. Proverbs of Solomon

The heart of the wise will consider the parable, and the attentive ear is the desire of the wise.
Old Testament. Sirach

Don't talk too much to the foolish, and don't go to the foolish.
Old Testament. Sirach

The greatest wealth is the mind.
Ali ibn Abi Talib

Only in the mind is happiness, trouble without it,
Only reason is wealth, need without it.
Ferdowsi

Let your mind guide you.
He will not let your soul go to harm.
Ferdowsi

They give wisdom to those who desire it, and the one who has acquired intelligence has already acquired many blessings.
As-Samarkandi

Not a single reasonable person will incur punishment and reproaches of people for the sake of satisfying passion and lust, will not neglect the truth for the sake of the transient and imaginary.
As-Samarkandi

Only reason elevated us: without its gifts
Would be better than a man the worst of lions.
As-Samarkandi

A reasonable person should choose the paths blazed by the greatest people and imitate the most worthy, so that if not to compare with them in valor, then at least be filled with its spirit.
Niccolo Machiavelli

A man's mind is stronger than his fists.
Francois Rabelais

Reason to fight with love is reckless.
To cope with a deity, a deity is needed.
Pierre de Ronsard

A reasonable person sets limits for himself even in good deeds.
Michel de Montaigne

Reason, entangled in passions, is of the same benefit to us as wings are to a bird with glued legs.
Pierre Charron