Effect of E450 on the body. List of dangerous and safe food e-codes E 450 food additive

In the manufacture of food products, many enterprises use food additives. And this is no accident. They allow you to keep the presentation for a long time, enhance the aroma, give more saturated color, improve some product quality.

Food supplement E 450: what is it?

Such an additive refers to stabilizers. Substances of this type are inorganic compounds that allow you to maintain the structure of the product for a long time. When using stabilizers, goods remain fresh and ready to eat for more than one week. At the same time, the products do not become viscous and slippery over time. They last longer on store shelves.

This component is obtained by oxidizing a solution of sodium pyrophosphate. The process is carried out using hydrochloric acid. As a result of oxidation, liquid is removed from the solution. At the same time, the resulting substance retains moisture well. Food additive E 450 is found in most foods.

Areas of use

E 450 additives are used in the manufacture of many products. AT Food Industry this substance is added to canned meat, cheese and dairy products, some confectionery, juices and minced meat.

The properties of this component allow it to be used as an antioxidant and degreaser. Therefore, pyrophosphate E 450 is often used in the production of household chemicals, preparations intended for the destruction harmful insects. This substance prevents the ignition of building combustible materials. E 450 is used in the production of anti-corrosion compounds and various paints.

Features of the substance

Dangerous or not food supplement E 450? If we consider the substance from the point of view of chemistry, then these are esters, as well as salts of pyrophosphoric acid. The component is designated by the following formula: H 4 R 2 O 7.

Similar substances are used as stabilizers. In addition, pyrophosphates can be used as water-retaining agents, baking powder, complexing agents, emulsifiers, and acidity regulators. Under the microscope, additive E 450 appears as a powder with a crystalline structure or as white granules.

In the meat processing industry, pyrophosphate is used to increase the volume of muscle fibers. Because of this, the mass finished products is getting bigger. Additive E 450 is added to all semi-finished meat products. This is not prohibited according to GOST R55054-2012.

What is it used for?

In addition to increasing the mass of muscle fibers, food supplement E 450 is used in industry for:

imparting uniform color to products;
consistency improvement;
freezing of oxidative natural processes;
increasing the shelf life of food products;
improving the taste properties of products.

These qualities of the supplement explain its popularity. E 450 has special chemical properties. Potassium and sodium pyrophosphates bind various elements together, forming a single consistency. In addition, the substances are able to inhibit the growth of bacteria, as well as keep food fresh for a long period.

Is it dangerous?

Pyrophosphates are on the list of permitted food additives in Russia and Ukraine, as well as in some EU countries. An exception is dimagnesium pyrophosphate: E 450 VIII. In European countries, this substance has not been used for a long time. However, in our country it is not prohibited. All salts and esters of pyrophosphoric acid have a third degree of harmfulness. This suggests that substances can harm the body.

The use of additive E 450 in small quantities may not cause damage. However, each person's reaction is individual. Pyrophosphates can lead to the development of allergic reactions, poor digestion, increased blood pressure, and can also reduce the level of digestibility of useful components from food.

Therefore, it is important to exercise caution when buying and using products that contain such a stabilizer.

Calcium and fluoride imbalance

Is the food additive E 450 harmful? In the food industry in the US and the European Union, this compound is prohibited. However, in Russia this preservative is actively used. The E 450 marking can be found on almost every food package. Regular use of such a substance can adversely affect human health.

First of all, it is manifested by an imbalance of calcium and fluorine. Because of this, serious diseases develop. An excess of fluoride leads to problems with the absorption of calcium. The concentration of one substance in the blood is constantly increasing, and the second is decreasing. Calcium is simply flushed out of the body. This leads to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The most common is osteoporosis. With such an ailment, the bones lose their stability and strength, become brittle. Therapy of the disease is to follow a strict diet and nutrition rules. At the same time, an increased intake of calcium and vitamin D is recommended.

This imbalance affects the cardiovascular system. A lack of calcium causes relaxation of the heart muscle and its rhythmic contraction. In addition, the substance is necessary for the formation of insulin.

Formation of cholesterol plaques

The negative impact on the body of the food additive E 450 has been proven for a long time. The constant use of products that contain this stabilizer causes the formation of cholesterol plaques in the lumen of blood vessels. Recently, studies have been carried out that have proven that pyrophosphates are carcinogenic substances. In other words, such additives cause the development of malignant tumors.

What products contain the most

To reduce the consumption of the E 450 supplement, you need to know which foods contain it most often. In the meat industry, it is added to many semi-finished products. These are sausages, sausages, a variety of dumplings, sausages, minced meat and all kinds of delicacy cuts.

The dairy industry does not do without this additive. She is very popular here. E 450 can be found in some dairy products, as well as processed cheeses. Often this component is found in the composition of cheap low-quality cottage cheese.

Unfortunately, many bakery manufacturers have begun to add pyrophosphates to their products. This allows you to make the goods heavier, while reducing the consumption of flour and other baking components. Therefore, do not be surprised if the bread does not go stale for a whole week.

Food additive E 450 is added to many popular and common food products: popsicles and chocolate ice cream, quick-frozen potatoes, carbonated drinks, liquors, crab sticks, butter, dry cereals, herbal teas, soups and broths fast food, sweet buns, syrups and so on.

How to avoid problems

It is even difficult to imagine the food industry without the E 450 stabilizer. After all, consumers want to see products on store shelves that have a sufficient shelf life. After all, this allows you to stock up for the future.

Despite its widespread use, the E 450 stabilizer remains dangerous additive. Excessive use of it threatens the occurrence of many serious illnesses which are very difficult to cure. To reduce health risks, it is recommended to reduce the amount of processed meats in the diet. It is better to use natural poultry, beef and pork.

It is also not recommended to frequently purchase processed and sausage cheeses. As for bakery products, it is better to buy them from trusted manufacturers who do not add chemical components to their products.

general characteristics

E450 is a combination of salts and esters of pyrophosphate acid. Appearance the additive resembles small granules or powder of a crystalline structure. May be white or colorless. There is sourness in the taste.

To obtain the substance, hydrogen orthophosphate is dehydrated with the participation of orthophosphoric acid. Materials for the production of E450 can be potassium and sodium hydroxides, as well as calcium oxide and hydroxide.

Purpose

Pyrophosphates are classified as emulsifiers. They are also assigned the role of a stabilizer, water-retaining agent, baking powder, acidity regulator, complexing agent. The substance increases the volume of the finished product, provides a uniform texture, stabilizes the color, preserves the taste, stops oxidation.

Impact on the human body: benefits and harms

The use of pyrophosphates in moderation is not harmful to health, except in cases of individual intolerance to the substance. High doses of E450 can cause negative consequences.

Pyrophosphates perform only technological functions. The substance does not have a positive effect on the body.

The additive can cause allergic reactions, both mild and severe. side effects applications cosmetics with E450, there may be skin rashes and irritation of the mucous membranes. Some medical studies have shown that the regular use of pyrophosphate provokes the development of cancer. The composition of the additive products should not exceed 70 mg/kg.

Consequences of excessive use of the substance:

imbalance of phosphorus and calcium;
indigestion;
a sharp increase in pressure;
joint diseases;
an increase in the amount of bad cholesterol;
failures in the absorption of phosphorus, calcium and iron (as a result, the condition of bone tissue and teeth deteriorates, osteoporosis develops, kidney stones occur).

Usage

The food industry most often uses sodium pyrophosphates. They are usually added to meat and fish products. The substance retains moisture, increases the yield of the finished product, makes it more juicy, improves the structure and slows down the oxidation process.

Products containing E450:

minced meat, sausages, canned food;
sausages, sausages;
dumplings, cold cuts;
processed cheeses;
confectionery flour products;
milk;
ice cream, fruit ice;
soft drinks;
sauces;
protein shakes for sports.

The additive is used in cosmetology. As an ingredient in toothpastes, it helps prevent plaque. E450 is also used for the manufacture of antibacterial detergents.

It is necessary to control the rationing of products that contain this additive.

Table - The rate of content of the food additive E450 in products according to SanPiN 2.3.2.1293-03 dated 05/26/2008

food product	Maximum level of E450 content in products, g/kg
Milk sterilized
Concentrated milk with solids content less than 28%
Concentrated milk with a dry matter content of more than 28%
Powdered and skimmed milk
Cream pasteurized and sterilized
Whipped cream and their analogues based on vegetable fat
Young cheeses
Processed cheeses and their analogues
Milk-based drinks chocolate and barley
Sour cream butter
Sandwich margarines
Ice cream (except cream and milk), popsicles
Desserts, including milk-based (ice cream)
Desserts, powdered dry mixes
Fruit products, glazed fruits
Potato processing products, including frozen, chilled and dried
Potatoes, pre-fried, frozen
Bakery and flour confectionery
Sugar confectionery
Powdered sugar

Dry mixes based on flour with the addition of sugar, baking powder for baking muffins, cakes, pancakes, etc.
Pasta
Whipped batter, fermented batter, beaten egg mix for omelets, batter breading
Cereal products produced by extrusion technology, dry breakfasts
Specialty Foods
Meat products
Raw fish and fillets
Frozen shellfish products
Minced fish "surimi"
Fish and shrimp paste
Frozen minced fish and products from it
Canned shellfish
Dry egg products (melange, protein, yolk)

Soups and broths (concentrates)
Clouding agents for beverages
Specialized drinks for athletes, artificially mineralized soft drinks
Vegetable protein drinks
Alcoholic beverages
Cider (apple and pear)
Tea and herbal teas dry, instant
Salt and salt substitutes
Flavored syrups (decorative coatings) for milkshakes, ice cream, syrups for fritters, pancakes, Easter cakes
Glazes for meat and vegetable products
Biologically active food supplements	According to TI
Biscuits and crackers for healthy children of the first year of life and up to three years

Legislation

Pyrophosphates are used in most countries, including Russia and Ukraine. In Europe, a ban on the use of magnesium pyrophosphate has long been imposed.

Russian legislation regulates the use of E450 in food products on the basis of SanPin 2.3.2.1293-03 dated May 26, 2008:

clause 3.2.6 of the Hygienic Regulations for the Use of Acids, Bases and Salts;
clause 3.6.56 of the Hygienic Regulations for the Use of Consistency Stabilizers, Emulsifiers, Thickeners, Texturizers and Binding Agents;
clause 3.7.15 of the Hygienic Regulations for the Use of Flour and Bread Improvers;
Clause 4.3.11 of the Hygienic Regulations for the Use of Food Additives for the Production of Complementary Foods for Healthy Children of the First Year of Life and for the Nutrition of Children from One to Three Years of Age.

The use of E450 is provided for by GOST R 55054-2012 "Food additives. E450 pyrophosphates. General specifications."

It is difficult to find a product that does not include the food additive E 450. Appetizing pieces of sausage without fatty smudges, elastic cheese, soft confectionery fudge - all this gastronomic splendor is created using synthetic substances based on pyrophosphoric acid.

The additive has antimicrobial activity. This does not make it safe for human health.

In 2014 was put into operation GOST R 55054-2012 prescribing the name - E 450 pyrophosphates, as well as the technical conditions for its use in the food industry.

The index "E" indicates the product code in European system classification.

An international synonym is Pyrophosphates (or Diphosphates).

The product combines several substances similar in structure and technological functions:

2-substituted sodium pyrophosphate (E 450i), synonyms: disodium pyrophosphate, sodium dihydropyrophosphate (international name Disodium diphosphate); formula Na 2 H 2 P 2 O 7;
3-substituted sodium pyrophosphate (ii), synonyms: trisodium pyrophosphate, sodium monohydropyrophosphate, (Trisodium diphosphate), formula Na 3 HP 2 O 7;
4-substituted sodium pyrophosphate (iii), synonyms: tetrasodium pyrophosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, (Tetrasodium diphosphate); formula Na 4 P 2 O 7 ;
2-substituted potassium pyrophosphate (iv), synonyms: dipotassium pyrophosphate, potassium dihydropyrophosphate, (Dipotassium diphosphate); formula K 2 P 2 O 7 ;
4-substituted potassium pyrophosphate (v), synonyms: tetrapotassium pyrophosphate, tetrapotassium diphosphate, (Tetrapotassium diphosphate); formula K 4 P 2 O 7 ;
calcium pyrophosphate 2-substituted (vii), synonyms: dicalcium pyrophosphate, calcium dihydropyrophosphate, dicalcium pyrophosphate, (Dicalcium diphosphate), formula CaH 2 P 2 O 7;
calcium pyrophosphate 4-substituted (vi), synonyms: calcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, calcium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, (Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate), formula Ca 2 P 2 O 7.

AT German the product is designated as Dinatriumdihydrogendiphosphat, in French - diphosphate de disodium.

Substance type

Additive E 450 is sodium, potassium and calcium salts of pyrophosphoric acid. Pyrophosphates according to the main technological function are included in the group. In practice, the additive is used as a baking powder, water-retaining agent, acidity regulator.

For the production of food pyrophosphates, sodium and potassium hydroxides, calcium oxide and hydroxide are used (GOST 10678, grade A).

The product is obtained by dehydration of hydroorthophosphate with the appropriate acid.

Properties

Index	Standard values
Color	colorless or white
Compound	pyrophosphoric acid, salts
Appearance	granules, crystalline powder of fine or medium fraction
Smell	missing
Solubility	pyrophosphates of sodium and potassium are readily soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol; calcium pyrophosphates are insoluble in water, good solubility in hydrochloric, nitric acids
The content of the main substance	90–95% (after drying); content of phosphorus oxide (P2O5) from 42 to 64.5%
Taste	sourish
Density	not determined
Other	pH 3.7–4.4 (1% solution)

Package

Food pyrophosphates are packed in polyethylene film bags (thickness from 0.08 mm). To ensure tightness, the bags are welded, less often tied with twine made from natural fibers.

The outer packaging is:

three-layer paper bags;
synthetic fiber grocery bags;
cardboard or plastic drums.

Application

Pyrophosphates are mainly used in the production of household chemicals: the substances are part of most antibacterial detergents.

In food production, I mainly use sodium pyrophosphates. The leading consumers of the additive are the meat and fish processing industries. The substance is necessary for the production of minced meat (permitted rate is not more than 0.3% of the total mass), canned food, sausages. It is added during the heat treatment of the product to swell proteins. This helps to retain moisture, improve structure, increase juiciness and increase the yield of the finished product. Pyrophosphates can play a role, as they slow down the oxidative processes of fats, extend the shelf life.

Depending on the technological task set, the E 450 additive can act as:

emulsifying salt in the production of young and processed cheeses (9 g/kg) to prevent delamination of the emulsion, wrinkling of the product;
water-retaining agent (3 g/kg) in confectionery flour and sugar products, concentrated syrups: retains a given consistency, prevents drying, slows down the crystallization of sucrose;
texturizer in vegetable-based cream, sandwich spreads, dairy desserts, sauces, batter to obtain a homogenized mass (up to 5 g/kg); dry mixes and concentrates, milk, baking and egg powders (up to 10g/kg);
acidity regulator in soft drinks (artificially mineralized, flavored), fruit products, dry teas (including herbal ones), berry ice cream;
flour improver in pasta and bread products to improve dough structure;
turbidity stabilizer in chocolate and barley milk drinks to prevent particle settling, to prevent liquid stratification.

Additive E 450 is included in the production of frozen potatoes: the additive protects the product from browning, helps to preserve the structure during cooking.

Pyrophosphates as an emulsifier are part of protein shakes for sports nutrition(20 g/kg).

In the Codex Alimentarius, the additive is allowed by the standards for meat and fish products, processed cheeses, dry broths, frozen vegetables (from 1 to 9 g / kg).

Pyrophosphates with limited allowance (70 mg/kg) are approved for use in all countries.

The cosmetic industry uses food additive E 450 as a buffer. Commonly used in toothpastes to prevent plaque formation.

Benefit and harm

A synthetic additive does not have a beneficial effect on human health.

Independent experts (Kedr group) classify pyrophosphates as substances that provoke the development oncological diseases.

Official structures recognize the additive E 450 as safe (class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007), but emphasize the need to comply with the allowable norm.

The advice is good, but it is difficult to follow: the percentage of chemicals added is not indicated on the packages. The consumer can only rely on the integrity of the producers.

High concentration pyrophosphates can cause a number of negative effects:

violation of the digestive tract;
joint diseases (for example, pyrophosphate arthropathy caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in the tissues);
imbalance of macro- and microelements, which leads to the development of osteoporosis and other ailments;
an increase in the level of LDL-cholesterol (“bad”), this can cause the formation of vascular plaques, disrupt blood supply, and provoke a stroke.

As part of cosmetics, the additive E 450 can cause an allergic rash, irritation of the mucous membranes.

Main manufacturers

The world leader in the production of pyrophosphates is the Belgian company Prayon S.A.

Food supplement E 450 is produced by:

OAO REATEKS, created on the basis of the Pilot Plant. L. A. Kostandova (Moscow);
the Nord Plus company, which is part of the NORD group (St. Petersburg);
Gebex 24 Unternehmergesellschaft (haftungsbeschraenkt), Germany;
Langfang Huinuo Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., China.

Food pyrophosphates are not as harmless as it seems at first glance. It is important to prevent their accumulation in the body. To do this, it is enough to exclude sausages, low-calorie fats and broth concentrates from the daily diet.

The modern food industry almost always uses various additives in order to preserve the presentation of products. Food additive E450 is a bright representative of the class of stabilizers obtained by oxidizing a solution of sodium pyrophosphate. It can also be a leavening agent, acidity regulator, emulsifier and leavening agent.

What is the secret of success

Stabilizer E450 is a white crystalline powder/granules. Thanks to a special chemical composition the following goals of the manufacturer are achieved:

Disinfection. The growth of bacteria and microorganisms is suppressed, which is the main reason for maintaining the freshness of the product for a rather long period.
Ensuring a uniform structure and color, improving the consistency of the product by binding dissimilar elements together.
Suspension of natural oxidative reactions.
Extended shelf life.
Maintaining the taste of products.
Increasing the size of muscle fibers and the final weight of the finished product.

According to experts, the use of stabilizers in products is justified only if they are used in moderation. The absence of such substances makes the product less presentable and attractive to the modern consumer.

Areas of use

The indicated properties of the E450 additive determine its wide application in various industries:

Meat processing and dairy industry. With great success, this substance is widely added to semi-finished meat products (sausage, sausages, sausages, minced meat), cheese and dairy products. This is officially permitted by GOST R55054-2012. Almost always, E450 can be found in low-quality cheap cottage cheese.
Baking, confectionery. Potassium pyrophosphate is specially added to bread to increase its mass, which leads to savings on flour and other ingredients for baking. Therefore, it is not surprising that sometimes bread products do not go stale for a whole week.
Chemical sphere. E450 is used for the manufacture of detergents, preparations against pests and insects due to its disinfecting qualities.
Construction and technical area. Manufacturers add this stabilizer to paints and drilling compounds as an auxiliary component against corrosion.

Impact on the human body

Unlike Russia, the food additive E450 is prohibited for use in the countries of the European Union and America. Therefore, in our country, this marking "flaunts" in the composition of a huge number of packaged products.

With constant ingestion, this substance has an extremely Negative influence on human health. In this case, the following organs and systems suffer:

The musculoskeletal system. The maximum allowable level of fluorine rises, which leads to poor absorption and leaching of calcium from the body. Osteoporosis occurs: the bones become weak and brittle. There is a high risk of fractures. The treatment is very complex and lengthy: you need to follow a strict diet, eat right, take large doses of calcium and vitamin D, and become physically active.
Heart and blood vessels.
Atherosclerosis.

There is also a high risk of oncological diseases, since E450 is a carcinogen. Physicians have established the maximum allowable daily dose of this substance, which is highly undesirable to exceed. It is 70 ml/kg daily.

Video about food supplements

In order to eliminate the high health risks of the E450 additive, you should reduce the volume of purchased meat products and start purchasing poultry and natural meat. It is recommended to limit the purchase of processed cheese products, and buy only trusted brands of bread.

Almost every modern product contains a variety of food additives, while the full degree of harm to human health is unknown to many consumers. Many manufacturers do not provide reliable information about the composition of their products, or mask the names of harmful additives with synonyms, and only an experienced and attentive consumer can figure out what's what.

To date, the most common additives in the food industry are sodium acid and potassium pyrophosphates - most often this type of additive can be found in the meat industry.

In the composition of products, pyrophosphates can be indicated in the form of a formula - E450. Let's try to figure out in more detail what pyrophosphates are, how they affect the human body, what is the maximum daily rate additives, etc.

Scope of pyrophosphates

Pyrophosphates (when viewed from the side of chemistry) are esters and salts of pyrophosphoric acid (which has the formula H4P2O7). In the manufacturing process of a variety of products, they are used as stabilizers, or leavening agents, acidity regulators, moisture retainers, complexing agents and emulsifiers. If you look at E450 under a microscope, you can see small powdery crystals (granules) of white color.

The main purpose of these chemical compounds in the meat industry is to add volume to muscle fibers, therefore, the product increases in mass. This additive is always added to the composition of meat products and sausage products, since there is a special permission of the state type GOST R55054-2012 for this.

The use of pyrophosphates in the meat industry

In addition to the fact that after the use of additives, the mass of the product at the outlet increases, esters and salts of pyrophosphoric acid in the production of semi-finished meat products are also used for the following purpose:

saturate the product with a uniform and appetizing color;
improve and bring to uniformity the consistency;
stop the oxidation process;
extend the shelf life of the finished semi-finished product and preserve all its taste qualities.

The popularity of the food additive E450 is easy to explain, as it has special chemical properties. With the help of potassium and sodium pyrophosphates, it is possible to achieve an excellent homogeneous consistency of the product with a minimum number of pathogenic bacteria (they prevent the development of bacteria), and also help to keep the product fresh for a long period of time.

In addition to the fact that E450 is used in the food manufacturing process, pyrophosphates are actively used for the production of insect repellents, detergents (they perfectly eliminate and prevent the reproduction of pathogenic organisms).

Yes, it’s quite difficult to do without a moderate addition of E450, since manufacturers need to maintain the presentability and freshness of products that fall on store shelves for as long as possible, otherwise the products would deteriorate instantly, which, of course, is unprofitable for manufacturers, and products are not for consumers. would be able to reach.

Classification of pyrophosphates

To date, the food industry uses eight varieties of pyrophosphates, which have their own personal marking from I to VIII - it is indicated in close proximity to the E450 formula. List of food grade pyrophosphates:

disodium;
trisodium (acid pyrophosphate);
tetrasodium;
dipotassium;
tetrapotassium pyrophosphate;
dicalcium;
calcium;
dimagnesium.

Body reaction

This food additive is in the group of permitted additives among the EU countries, in Ukraine and Russia. But there are exceptions. In Europe, dimagnesium pyrophosphate has not been used for a long time, but in our country it can still be used, and therefore manufacturers actively use it. All esters and salts of pyrophosphoric acid are chemical elements of the third degree of harmfulness, in other words, their harmlessness to the human body is in doubt.

The use of E450 in small doses will not harm the body, but it is worth considering the individuality of each organism - the reaction to this supplement can vary significantly. According to the results of numerous studies and practical exercises, it has been proven that these chemical elements can provoke the appearance of a variety of allergic reactions (including severe forms), a sharp increase in pressure, and can also disrupt the work digestive system, the process of assimilation of nutrients and nutrients.

Regular addition to the diet of foods containing E450, even in insignificant amounts, entails impaired absorption, and. Consequently, these elements will be retained in the kidneys, and, as a result, will lead to the formation of stones, and in addition, the absence of phosphorus, iron and calcium will adversely affect the condition of the teeth and bone tissues.

According to the results of numerous medical studies, it became known that regular use of E450 can provoke the manifestation of cancerous tumors, as well as unbalance species in the body.

During the shopping period, you need to carefully study the packaging, and pay attention to the content of the E450 additive - its safe rate is seventy milligrams per kilogram of the product.

Areas of use

The record holders for the use of this additive in the production are meat processing enterprises: the additive is used in the production of cold cuts, minced meat, sausages, sausages, sausages, etc.

Pyrophosphates in without fail are part of some dairy products, especially in the composition. Often E450 can be seen on the label of low-quality cheap.

Sometimes these inorganic additives can be found in baby food and in the composition of toothpastes - such products should be avoided as much as possible.

Some unscrupulous manufacturers have begun to add pyrophosphates to (for weight). It is for this reason that some types of bakery products do not go stale for weeks.