Vitamin A poisoning and its side effects. Overdose of vitamins of groups: A B6 C E in adults and children - symptoms and consequences Overdose of vitamin B6 consequences

Excessive amount of most taken inside water-soluble vitamins(B6, C, PP) is easily eliminated in the urine, however, with their regular massive overdose, disorders potentially indicating intoxication have been observed. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are stored in tissues, so an excess of them is much more likely to lead to negative consequences. Antidotes for vitamin overdoses are not known.

a) The clinical picture of vitamin A poisoning. A 28-year-old woman ingested 1.3 million IU of vitamin A as a cure for sunburn. She developed nausea, vomiting, severe headache and blurred vision. Physical examination revealed papilledema.

Symptoms gradually regressed in the next 3 days. On the fourth day, peeling of the skin began, which lasted 2 weeks. The patient recovered.

man in age 62 took orally 8 ml of a veterinary preparation containing vitamin A at a concentration of 500,000 IU / ml. Symptoms developed included nausea, severe headache, and blurred vision. On the third day the peeling of the skin began. The patient made a full recovery.

- Chronic vitamin A poisoning. The lowest intoxicating oral doses have been reported in people with drug-induced liver dysfunction, viral hepatitis or protein-calorie malnutrition.

Particularly vulnerable groups include children who have experienced adverse effects after ingesting as little as 1500 IU/kg per day, and pregnant women who have given birth to children with defects when taking about 25,000 IU of vitamin A daily.
Symptoms of acute and chronic intoxication with this vitamin are given below.

Symptoms of acute vitamin A toxicity:
a) Children:
- Anorexia
- Bulging fontanelles
- Drowsiness
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Irritability
- Vomit

b) adults:
- Stomach ache
- Anorexia
- Blurred vision
- Drowsiness
- Headache
- Hypercalcemia
- Irritability
- Muscle weakness
- Nausea, vomiting
- Peripheral neuritis
- peeling skin

Symptoms of chronic vitamin A toxicity:

a) Children: alopecia, anorexia, bone pain and tenderness with pressure, bulging fontanelles, craniotabes, cracking of the corners of the lips, hepatomegaly, hyperostosis, premature epiphyseal closure, photophobia, itching, benign intracranial hypertension, skin peeling, skin erythema.

b) adults: alopecia, anemia, anorexia, ataxia, bone pain, bone anomalies, brittle nails, cheilitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, diplopia, dry mucous membranes, dysuria, edema, increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure, epistaxis, exanthema, facial dermatitis, increased fatigue, fever, headache, hepatomegaly, hepatotoxicity, hyperostosis, insomnia, irritability, menstrual abnormalities, muscle pain and stiffness, nausea, negative nitrogen balance, neurological abnormalities, papilledema, petechiae, polydipsia, pruritus, benign intracranial hypertension, skin desquamation, skin erythema, skin rash, scaly skin, splenomegaly, vomiting, weight loss.

b) Pregnancy and vitamin A intake. The relationship between vitamin A proper (retinol or retinyl esters) and human teratogenesis is unclear. The Teratological Society recommends the following.

1. Women of reproductive age should be informed that excessive intake of vitamin A shortly before and during pregnancy is potentially harmful to the unborn child (bioaccumulation of vitamin A during chronic consumption of high doses is also a danger).

2. Manufacturers of vitamin A (retinol or retinyl esters) are required to limit the maximum amount per dosage unit to 5000 and 8000 IU (1500 and 2400 micrograms of retinol) and indicate its source.

3. The label of products containing (retinol or retinyl esters) must state that consumption of excess during pregnancy may be harmful to the fetus and that women of childbearing age should consult a physician before taking such products. Doses below 10,000 IU appear to be non-teratogenic.

in) Treatment of vitamin A poisoning. All vitamin A preparations must be discontinued. The treatment regimen for hypervitaminosis A used by the Maryland Poison Control Center oral intake doses of at least 12,000 IU/kg involve cleansing the digestive tract with ipecac syrup.

This amount corresponds to the consumption of 180,000 IU by a child weighing 15 kg or 840,000 IU by an adult weighing 70 kg.

The effect of vitamin b6 has long been noticed in many chemical reactions. Pyridoxine is involved in protein and fat metabolism. If it is not there, then stones form in the glasses. Enzyme B6 is considered a diuretic.
This enzyme is female, as it has a beneficial effect on their hormonal background. Thanks to the B6 enzyme, menstruation is easier.

Almost all pregnant women need this enzyme. Pyridoxine prevents the risk of formation oncological diseases. Enzyme B6 has a positive effect on the condition of hair and skin, suspends the aging process. Pyridoxine is often added to various home remedies.

This enzyme is involved in the synthesis of serotonin, hemoglobin and amino acids. As a result, the functionality of the nervous system returns to normal. The level of potassium and sodium is controlled. The work of cholesterol is normalized. Statistics say that almost all people need the B6 enzyme.

Symptoms of overabundance and lack of enzyme

Not only an excess, but also a lack of pyridoxine is dangerous for humans. This can lead to the development of many diseases. Plus, in the human body there are problems with the absorption of protein. This provokes the appearance of diseases that develop into a chronic condition.

Also, a deficiency of pyridoxine leads to a violation of the sodium-potassium balance. This is very bad, as water accumulates in the body, which leads to swelling. With a lack of B6 enzyme, you can feel the general fatigue of the body. The person suffers from insomnia.

In some cases, aggression may appear due to the active work of adrenaline. There is another problem that arises from a lack of pyridoxine. Glucose levels fall and sugar levels rise.
An overdose of the B6 enzyme in nature is extremely rare, since the enzyme is able to be excreted from the body on its own.

But if this did happen, you can recognize an excess of a vitamin by some symptoms. These include: numbness of the upper and lower extremities and nervous breakdown. When the B6 enzyme is out of the body, all symptoms will disappear.

Necessary need for pyridoxine

The daily need for pyridoxine depends on the age category of the patient and gender. Typically, the daily dose is directly proportional to protein intake. Adults are recommended to take up to 2.5 mg per day, children from 0.3 to 1.6 mg, and pregnant women up to 6 mg. But you should not focus on the table, it is better to consult a doctor, since the daily dose is individually prescribed for everyone.

It is desirable to carry out the reception in conjunction with the enzymes B2 and B5. It is very important to take supplements with potassium and magnesium. They allow pyroxidine to be safely absorbed and produce hydrochloric acid.

How does pyridoxine interact with other enzymes?

Assimilation becomes impossible if the intake of the B6 enzyme is carried out together with the use of antidepressants and oral contraceptives. In addition, this situation is exacerbated by the use of alcoholic beverages and smoking.

Lack of pyridoxine is provoked by Penicillamine, Kuprimin, and tuberculosis treatment. If you are injecting the B6 enzyme, do not combine it with the B1 and B12 vitamin complex. Otherwise, they will crowd out each other. B6 can be very dangerous.

Healthy foods

Sources of pyridoxine are divided into products of plant and animal origin. A large dose of this enzyme is found in yeast and liver. Also, vitamin B6 is present in unrefined grains and cereals, potatoes, legumes, bananas and nuts, as well as cabbage.

The dairy group includes: liver, meat products, dairy products, kidneys, eggs and fish. It is extremely important to find the necessary source of the substance and save it, since a lot of pyridoxine is lost during the processing.

Some useful tips:

Frozen vegetables and fruits can retain about 60% of vitamin B6, and White bread contains only a fifth of this enzyme.
Please note that when rice and potatoes are cooked, the B6 component is reduced by 90%.
Preservation is able to save only a third of vitamin B6.

Try to change your usual diet or sit on. Include foods rich in component B6 in the menu. In order to save useful material Wrap potatoes in foil before baking. And it is better to add bran to the dough for baking.

Pyridoxine can be found in many medicinal plants. In large quantities, vitamin B6 is found in alfalfa, oat straw and plantain.

Why do athletes take pyridoxine?

The most important thing that is required in sports is the active work of the muscles. For them building material is a protein. Muscle activity is impossible without the B6 enzyme. Thanks to this enzyme, they are saturated with oxygen.

Pyridoxine is involved in the formation of blood, which carries oxygen throughout human body. Vitamin B6 is important for people involved in strength exercises. If used incorrectly, proteins will damage the kidneys rather than promote muscle growth.

Who Should Be Safe From Taking B6 Enzyme?

Studies have shown that vitamin B6 is generally very well tolerated by both men and women. In rare cases, allergic reactions may occur in the form of a rash on the skin.

With extreme caution, pyridoxine is prescribed to people with:

Ulcer of the stomach and 12 duodenal ulcer;
liver failure;
ischemic heart disease.

When injecting the drug, you can not combine it with cyanocobalamin and thiamine. Each person should clearly understand that taking any drug should be carried out under the strict supervision of a doctor.

What is hypervitaminosis and what causes it

Hypervitaminosis is a condition in which there is an excess amount of substances in the body. This leads to various violations and failures. Doctors associate an excess of vitamins in the body with poisoning.

Recent times more patients diagnosed with hypervitaminosis. The reason for this is the availability of vitamin preparations in pharmacies. Many believe that if you take a lot of vitamins, the body will become healthier and stronger. These substances are especially abused by women in pursuit of beauty and young mothers who want to strengthen the immunity of their children.

An overabundance of vitamins can happen for the following reasons:

• misapplication injections with vitamins;
• abuse of vitamin complexes;
• malnutrition;
• the presence of chronic diseases.

What is the danger of an overabundance of vitamins

Not everyone is aware of the dangers of an overdose of vitamins and continue to take large doses of substances.

Vitamins are divided into two groups:

• fat-soluble ( , , , );
• water-soluble (, group B).

Hypervitaminosis with fat-soluble vitamins occurs more often, as they tend to accumulate in the body. And water-soluble vitamins are quickly excreted, so getting an overdose of them is harder.

Hypervitaminosis can be of two types:

• Spicy. It is observed with a single dose of a large dose of a vitamin.
• Chronic. A condition when large doses of a vitamin enter the body for a long time. Accumulating in the body, the substance poisons a person. Symptoms may not appear for a long time or be mild.

Treatment of an excess of vitamins is carried out under the strict supervision of a physician. The definition of the degree of danger and the symptoms of hypervitaminosis depend on which vitamin is overabundant.

There are common signs that indicate poisoning:

• headache;
• weakness;
• nausea and vomiting;
• disorders in the gastrointestinal tract;
• dizziness;
• chills and trembling;
• swelling;
• dehydration.

If these symptoms appear, you should stop taking the medicines and seek medical advice. medical care.

Chronic vitamin poisoning is less intense and may not make itself felt for several months. Therefore, the diagnosis of such conditions is difficult. In such cases, you can not do without a study of blood and urine.

With hypervitaminosis, only a doctor can correctly prescribe treatment. He will tell you the names of drugs and what diet to follow to relieve the symptoms of hypervitaminosis.

Too much vitamin A

The dosage and duration of taking vitamins must be agreed with the doctor in order to avoid the occurrence of overdoses.

Vitamins are essential for the normal functioning of the body. But their excess can harm a person. Taking vitamin supplements should be discussed with your doctor. The specialist will be able to correctly determine which substances a person needs and prescribe the correct doses.

What threatens an overabundance of vitamins can be seen in the video below.

The B vitamins are considered essential for normal functioning nervous system and general metabolism. Modern people such trace elements are needed in an increased volume, since emotional and mental stress increases every year. But, despite all the usefulness of these substances, an overdose of B vitamins is quite dangerous, especially when it comes to B3, B6 or B12. With an excess of vitamins of this group, severe intoxication of the body occurs, which is manifested by allergic reactions, malfunctions of the liver and other organs.

Reasons for an overdose

There are a lot of products that contain vitamin B in pharmacy chains, they dissolve well in water, are easily broken down and quickly excreted from the body. These components take part in all metabolic processes, promote the growth of children and increase the formation of enzymes. The need for vitamins of this group increases dramatically with infectious diseases, burns and intoxication. To quickly restore a weakened body, you need to consume food rich in B vitamins, or take vitamin complexes. An overdose of vitamin B6 and other drugs in this group is possible in such cases:

• in case of non-compliance with the dosage, which is indicated in the annotation to the medicinal product;
• with accidental or special use of large doses of vitamin preparations;
• If, while taking a vitamin complex, food is consumed that is rich in B vitamins.

In addition, the symptoms of an overdose of vitamins b6 or b12 appear with individual intolerance to these drugs. And in this case, even the usual therapeutic doses are enough.

There can be no excess of B vitamins that come with food. These substances are absorbed in the right amount, and the rest is excreted naturally in the urine.

Forms of overdose

In medicine, two forms of hypervitaminosis are divided by vitamins B2, B6, B12 and other drugs of this vitamin group:

1. Acute form - occurs with the simultaneous high consumption of vitamin b6 or a complex of vitamins of this group. Symptoms are similar to acute poisoning food products or medicines.
2. Chronic form - observed with prolonged overdose. Signs of intoxication are not so pronounced.

Moderate consumption of any vitamins is only beneficial to the human body. There are cases when B vitamins are vital to regularly consume in large volumes.

Vitamin preparations, in which group B is present, help to cope well with motion sickness in transport.

Overdose symptoms

When consumed in large doses of synthetic B vitamins, poisoning is observed, which is manifested by specific symptoms:

• Noticeably increased overexcitation - increased pulse and heart rate.
• There is a migraine and persistent dizziness.
• On the skin rashes are noticeable, on palpation, soreness of the affected areas is felt.
• The person suffers from insomnia.
• Dyspeptic symptoms are manifested - stomach pain, bloating, nausea and vomiting.
• In especially severe cases, cramps in the legs are observed.

If the overdose is prolonged, then urolithiasis of the kidneys develops. Irreversible processes occur in the liver cells, and ulcers can form in the stomach and intestines.

Not all B vitamins cause health problems. Basically, the symptoms of severe poisoning are observed with an overdose of vitamin B6, and with an excess of B5, dehydration begins.

With hypervitaminosis, vitamin B1 steadily increases arterial pressure, liver function is disrupted and atherosclerosis develops. An overdose of vitamin B12 is manifested by allergies, and in severe overdose, anaphylactic shock is possible.

Emergency care for overdose

Vitamin drug poisoning is most common in young children, when parents inadvertently leave the medicine package in a conspicuous place, and the baby tries attractive balls. If a child or an adult swallowed a lot of vitamins at a time, then the algorithm of actions should be as follows:

1. They call an ambulance.
2. Provide the victim with a sufficient volume of drinking, it is best to give plain drinking water.
3. If an adult or child over 3 years of age is affected, gastric lavage should be performed. To do this, they give a few glasses of water or a weak solution of potassium permanganate to drink, and then press on the base of the tongue to provoke artificial vomiting.
4. Give the patient any adsorbent that is at hand.

The doctor must be sure to show the packaging of the drug that the child has taken. This will facilitate the diagnosis and speed up the appointment of the correct treatment.

If a person is in a semi-conscious state, it is strictly forbidden for him to do gastric lavage at home! This procedure can not be done without a doctor and children under 3 years old, who quickly become dehydrated due to their low body weight.

Treatment

Treat victims with an acute form of overdose in a hospital setting. The treatment protocol upon admission to the intensive care unit looks like this:

• They take a series of tests to find out which organs are most affected.
• Carry out detoxification.
• Symptomatic treatment is prescribed, which includes drugs to maintain the function of the kidneys, liver and heart.
• With severe neurological disorders, mild sedative medications may be prescribed.

Rehabilitation after poisoning with vitamin preparations usually lasts up to three months. But with proper treatment, there are no health consequences. For some time, pain in the stomach and liver may disturb, but then these phenomena pass without a trace.

How to prevent poisoning

To avoid overdose, it is enough to observe the following precautions:

• Keep medications in a special first-aid kit, which is closed with a key.
• Do not exceed the therapeutic dosage of vitamin preparations.
• Together with artificial vitamin preparations, do not eat too much food that contains these elements.
• When prescribing medications, draw the attention of the attending physician to special sensitivity to a particular component.

Vitamins play a big role in human health. With the help of these irreplaceable elements, the immune system is supported, the work of organs is regulated and general exchange substances. But everything should be in moderation. With excessive consumption of vitamin preparations, there can be life-threatening conditions that will require the attention of a doctor.

Vitamin poisoning can occur in a variety of situations. Most often, this situation can occur with improper and uneven consumption of various vitamin preparations.

Many people, often in winter, experiencing their “lack” or the so-called signs of beriberi, feeling tired, drowsy and apathetic, start taking vitamins and their complexes without following the instructions and without doctor’s supervision. Children can get poisoned by them if they are accidentally consumed.

Excess vitamins are dangerous to health

Vitamins. Benefit and harm

These substances perform the most important functions in the body, without them a person acquires various diseases that can lead to death. Obviously, their benefits are undeniable.

They increase resistance to many infections and strengthen the immune system, improve the condition of the skin, hair, nails, participate in hematopoietic reactions, promote the development of muscle and nervous tissue, participate in all types of metabolism - this is just a small list. useful properties these substances. Despite this, they can also harm a person - an excess of these substances in the body, expired vitamins are dangerous for the body.

synthetic vitamins. Benefit and harm

Since it is not always possible to fully obtain vitamins from food, synthetic vitamins have been created. These are pharmaceutical preparations, biologically active food supplements, which are designed to supplement and sometimes create a vitamin diet in the amount that the body needs. The substances in such complexes are compatible with each other and are all in one tablet at once, and their compatibility is safe for humans.

The benefit of such additives remains an open question. Their use does not in any way guarantee complete replacement biocomplexes coming with food, but is only an auxiliary element.

If a person's diet is for some reason poor or lacks certain foods, such as those containing vitamin C, then synthetic supplements can fill this gap. Also, synthetic additives will be useful for certain diseases (gastrointestinal tract, infections) and conditions (difficult working conditions, postoperative period).

Symptoms of hypervitaminosis

And the harm of synthetic vitamins is already obvious. This has been scientifically proven. For example, natural vitamin A has 2 large subunits and 4 small subunits. Pharmacists, on the other hand, produce only one big one - and nothing else. The same situation with synthetic E - its structure does not correspond to natural.

And this is not all "incomplete" substitutes. In addition, regular and uncontrolled use of synthetic drugs can cause serious problems– in both adults and children. For example, a glut of vitamin C can cause atherosclerosis, a glut of vitamin A in smokers can cause heart disease. An overdose of vitamin A and E can increase the risk of bowel cancer by 30%.

Thus, the benefits and harms of synthetic vitamins are ambiguous. Treat them with care, like real medicines. They should be taken only as directed and under the supervision of a doctor, and in no case should they be carried away at the first symptoms of "fatigue". And How medicines cannot be combined with alcohol, because vitamins and alcohol are incompatible things.

Expired vitamins. What are dangerous?

Expired vitamins are just as dangerous as any expired medication. But we know that synthetic complexes are drugs in one way or another. Therefore, it is not recommended to tempt fate and take an expired remedy. If you see that the drugs are expired, it is better to dispose of them and purchase new ones in order to avoid poisoning and consequences.

An overabundance of vitamins

There is a myth among the population that an excess of vitamins in the body is impossible: the body needs what it needs, and they, as we know, are irreplaceable. However, this is erroneous. All vitamins are divided into water-soluble and fat-soluble. If some substances from the group of water-soluble are excreted from the body, then fat-soluble ones accumulate and lead to such a phenomenon as hypervitaminosis.

Signs of too much vitamin C

What is hypervitaminosis? Hypervitaminosis is an acute reaction of the body during intoxication with one or more vitamins. Hypervitaminosis occurs for a number of reasons.

Hypervitaminosis causes are of several types:

1. Acute - it occurs if a person has used one or more substances in a large dose at a time. The symptoms of this type of condition are similar to those of acute etching.
2. Chronic - develops when the use of large doses is constant. The symptoms of this variety are not as acute as those of the first type.

Vitamin overdose symptoms: fatigue, apathy, gastrointestinal disorders, headache.

Vitamin overdose. Symptoms

This disease can disrupt the functioning of many important parts of the body. For example, an overdose of vitamin D and its group causes malfunctions of the central nervous system, the formation of kidney stones, and also contributes to the destruction of bones.

Excessive intake of vitamin E has an adverse effect on the processes in the gastrointestinal tract, causes heart failure, reduces immunity, and leads to general weakness of the body.

Too much vitamin A

Vitamin A overdose, characterized by nausea, coagulopathy. Also, this option hypervitaminosis can cause disturbances in the liver and increase blood pressure. A large number of it in the body is especially dangerous for women, because it can provoke various pathologies of the fetus.

An overdose of B2 is characterized by impaired functioning of the liver, heart, photophobia often appears. An overdose of vitamin B6 is the cause of pain in the nerves of the arms and legs, disorders of the peripheral nervous system. Symptoms of hypervitaminosis B9 are cramps in the calf muscles, a violation of the kidneys. An overdose of B12 is characterized by allergies, congestion in the lungs, and thrombosis.

Excessive intake of vitamin C can cause insomnia, anxiety, and kidney problems. In large doses, it is also contraindicated in pregnant women, diabetics, and people suffering from cataracts and thrombophlebitis. An overdose of vitamins during pregnancy, the same C, leads to pathologies in the fetus.

Beyond the visible negative impact, hypervitaminosis contributes to increased loss of other substances and minerals by the body.

Treating Too Much Vitamin D

Experts are convinced that this problem can be avoided if you properly compose your daily diet. The body will receive the right amount of substances only as a result of proper, balanced nutrition. Also, when taking special medical complexes, medical supervision is necessary.

Help with hypervitaminosis

First of all, it is necessary to find out which substance is in excess. Signs of an increased content of these substances will be visible to both the patient and the doctor. If it is chronic hypervitaminosis, it is urgent to stop the consumption of excess substance of the complex, consult a doctor for guidance and recommendations.

Hypervitaminosis. Treatment

The main thing in the treatment of this disease is to remove the substance from the body. As mentioned above, in some types, for example, with vitamin A hypervitaminosis, it is enough to stop taking the drug or reduce the amount of products containing it.

Before treating hypervitaminosis, it is necessary to conduct a blood test. This will help in the correction of nutrition and in the preparation of a treatment plan.

Causes of hypervitaminosis D

Symptoms of acute vitamin poisoning in people of all ages is an indication for hospitalization. The treatment of such patients consists in detoxification therapy (gastric lavage, prescription of drugs), elimination of disturbances in the balance of substances.

If a person has taken an excessive dose of the drug once, it is necessary to wash the upper gastrointestinal tract with a probe in order to eliminate the dangerous substance. If vitamins are taken for a long time, and symptoms of intoxication appear, it is recommended to carry out infusion therapy using 400 ml of rheopolyglucin, which is administered intravenously, saline sodium chloride 0.9% at a dose of up to 2 liters also intravenously. In children, the required volume of such solutions is determined using calculations per 1 kg of the child's weight.

If, against the background of general intoxication, symptoms of neurotoxicosis are detected, treatment consists in dehydration therapy with furosemide (0.5 mg per kg of body weight intravenously daily).

Hypervitaminosis. Effects

With prolonged hypervitaminosis D, consequences are possible in the form of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, insomnia, seizures; depression develops, hypertensive crises appear, progressive weight loss, headaches. Also, increased fragility of bones and chronic kidney stones are possible. In this condition, an increased content of calcium in the blood leads to its deposition in various organs, and especially in the kidneys, which is the cause of kidney failure.

Prevention of childhood hypervitaminosis

An excess of vitamin E leads to constant general weakness of the body, disrupts the absorption of other vitamins, and can even cause hypervitaminosis A and D-type.

An overdose of vitamin C has serious consequences. It can cause various fetal pathologies in pregnant women, and in newborns there are signs of beriberi; possible miscarriage. From an excess of this substance, scurvy develops.

An excess of group B components entails frequent thrombosis, a chronic disorder in nervous system, loss of sensation in the extremities.

Birth defects resulting from vitamin A intoxication are incurable. For disorders resulting from an overabundance of this type already in adulthood, the prognosis is generally favorable.

Video

Watch an informative film from which you will learn a lot useful information about the dangers of excess vitamins.