Projects of houses made of aerated concrete with a gable roof. Roofs of one-story houses - the soul and face of the house

Modern house With gable roof- the most popular type of low-rise country dwelling. It is easy to build, practical to operate, suitable for harsh climate. The slope does not allow snow and rainwater to linger on the slopes, increases the shelf life of the coating. Compared to cottages equipped flat roofs, gable design can significantly reduce the cost of heat and waterproofing.

"COUNTRY SEASON" offers finished projects houses with gable roofs. On the site you can see photos, find out preliminary prices and request a calculation of the cost of future construction.

Types of gable roofs

The standard roof consists of two inclined planes, which are bounded by triangular gables. Roof options:

• symmetrical - the slopes are the same in area, characterized by an equal angle of inclination;
• with an attic - houses with gable sloping roofs, in the attic of which you can equip living rooms;
• asymmetric - a roof whose inclined surfaces have a different area and slope.

Despite big choice various types roofs, their variation, uniqueness and originality, it is gable roofs that are invariably very popular. She has simple design, good stability regardless of weather conditions and climatic specifics of the region where the house is located. truss system such a roof, like any other, has a number of installation aspects, which we will study.

Subtypes

A gable (gable) roof consists of two oblique orthogonal surfaces - slopes. They are placed at a certain angle to the walls of a private house, due to which they provide a drain of snow, rain and melt water.

A roof with different slope angles is not a symmetrical roof, which emphasizes the originality and individuality of the building owner. Externally, this roof is attractive, but not practical, because the attic room under this roof is inconvenient to operate.

Broken gable - is used when the owner has an urgent need to build a living space (attic) in the attic. This type of roof will have an increased amount of attic space, which means it is convenient to equip a living room there, protected from external factors.

Gable symmetrical - simple, unpretentious, but at the same time the favorite of the majority. At the base of such a roof is an isosceles triangle.

First of all, it is necessary to take into account the angle of inclination of the roof, which depends on climatic conditions architectural features of the building. In southern regions with strong winds, more gentle slopes are used so that the wind load is minimal. In the snowy and northern regions of the country, a gable roof is installed with steeper slope angles so that snow does not linger on the roof.

In general, the angle of inclination of the slopes can vary from 5 to 90 degrees. The best option 30-45 degrees, since this range is the most cost-effective, the amount of materials used is minimal, and the load is evenly distributed. The disadvantage will be hidden in the fact that it is difficult to build an attic under such a roof, in most cases the attic remains a cold building, it is impossible to live in it.

If it is planned that the attic will be adapted to the attic, then you need to use a gable sloping roof (sloping top, steep slope below). Under such a roof, there will be much more space, which means that it will be possible to equip a living room here. However, one must be prepared for difficulties, since the design of the truss system will change, it will become more difficult to construct.

Types of truss systems

The truss systems of gable roofs have differences in the supporting bases, in general, they distinguish layered and hanging structure rafters. You can also highlight the third - a combined version that contains both truss systems.

Hanging rafters are used in houses, the distance between the rafters, which is less than 6 meters, and layered rafters are used where there is a load-bearing middle wall or columnar supports.

The bearing elements of a gable roof are the Mauerlat (a bar placed under the rafter leg to distribute the load) and the rafter system (racks, rafter legs, crossbars, struts and struts, which were made of iron, reinforced concrete or wood).

Installation of rafters

Before installing the rafters, you need to fix the power plates with anchor bolts, attaching them to the longitudinal walls of the house. After that, you need to select the section of the rafter legs, which depends directly on the length of the legs, the distance between them at the installation stage. It is necessary to choose the optimal, rational distance so that the amount of insulation waste is minimal.

Procedure for installing rafters:

• It is necessary to make a template for collecting a truss truss. For a template, it is enough to take two boards (the length of one of them should be similar to the length of the rafter leg), which are connected with 1 nail on one side.
• This design is laid with free edges on the supports where the rafter legs will rest. The angle that turned out and will be the angle of inclination, which is fixed with nails and a cross bar.
• Now we are making a second template for mounting cuts on the rafters, it is best to make it from plywood.
• The rafters receive mounting cuts, after which they are connected at an angle of inclination of the slope. The resulting triangle is a truss truss. The structure is placed on the roof and fastened with a Mauerlat.
• It is necessary to install 2 extreme gables of the truss, which are supported by struts, so that they are installed and used correctly.
• It is necessary to pull the cord between the trusses, indicating the place where the ridge will be installed, and also with the help of it the level of the intermediate rafters will be determined.
• After that, a number of trusses are raised and installed, which should be located at a distance of at least 60 centimeters from one another.
• If the roof structure turns out to be too large, then it must be strengthened with a crossbar, support or struts.
• The ridge beam must be installed on special supports, after which a series of rafters (short, diagonal and intermediate) must be attached to it.

Calculations

The correctness of the calculations depends on how many years the roof can last, whether it will be of high quality and reliable protection at home from external factors affecting it. If roof structure has a complex shape, then you need to involve a professional, since the calculation itself will not work. For a gable roof, you can make calculations yourself using the basic rules and formulas.

In general, it would be better to involve a professional who can check the calculations and their correctness. The specialist will give advice and correct the calculations in case of their error. First you need to decide on the angle of the slopes and choose the roofing.

Then you need to take into account the wind and snow loads, calculate them. A roof with an angle of up to 25 degrees has a coefficient of transition from snow to the roof - 1. For a roof of 25-65 degrees - 0.7. Snow load for Russian regions varies from 80 to 330 kg/m^2. That is, with a load on a horizontal plane of 150 kg / m ^ 2 with a roof at an angle of 45 degrees, the load on the roof will be - 150 * 0.7 = 105 kg / m ^ 2.

You also need to calculate the wind load and the constant load in the form of the weight of the roof (insulation, waterproofing, lathing, coating material, etc.). Ultimately, the total load is considered, including both permanent and temporary. Based on the final data, choose the section of the rafter legs, their proximity to each other.

Houses, like people, have their own soul and face, which reflects their inner way. And most of all it affects the roofs. They are the first to catch the eye, therefore they are the hallmark of the house and its owners. If the roof is well-groomed and elegant, made with love, it means that peace and prosperity reign in the house, and its inhabitants live in comfort and coziness. Roofs for small houses, thanks to newfangled trends and modern technologies, have become real masterpieces of design art.

Features of one-story buildings

Before talking about the roofs of one-story houses and their arrangement, let's find out the essence and peculiarity of low buildings. IN last years the construction of low-rise cottages is becoming the most popular option for private housing construction, due to many advantages:

Video: projects of small private houses

Roof options for one-story houses and their device

Based on the features low-rise buildings, respectively, and roofs are selected for them. They should be light so as not to weigh down the shallow foundation. Uncomplicated in form - complex broken structures will not fit into the architectural appearance of a low house, unless it is a roof with an attic.

Under one roof there is a one-story house with an attic and two garages

But at the same time, roofs must be beautiful, stylish, durable and, most importantly, perform their functions perfectly:

• protect the house from bad weather;
• withstand snow and wind loads;
• withstand sudden temperature changes, solar radiation, chemical attack and combustion.

The structure of the roofs of one-story buildings does not differ from the structure of the roofs of high-rise private houses. They also consist of two blocks:

• bearing part - truss system;
• building envelope - roofing.

These component roof links are dependent on each other. If the rafter system is installed with violations, then it is unlikely that it will be possible to lay the covering material correctly. And this is fraught with big problems, up to failure. load-bearing structure. And vice versa - with poor installation of roofing, the use of low-quality materials, at least roof leaks are inevitable. Which will entail dampness in the under-roof space, rotting of the rafters, the appearance of mold, fungus, etc. That is, repairs are inevitable and it will result in a considerable amount.

For one-story buildings, conventional gable roofs are preferable - the most reliable due to their design, since they have only two planes and one joint. However, many developers are not satisfied with the simplicity of the forms. I want something special, original even for a small house. And here architects came to the rescue. They brought stylish elements to the structure of roofs for one-story houses, making them worthy of admiration.

Powerful rafter legs are extended far beyond the wall and rest against a monolithic fence, the ramp also serves as a canopy for a large terrace

The basis of any roof is the truss system. It is individual for each form and has its own design features. It will be much easier to choose a suitable roof frame if you have an idea in advance what types of load-bearing roof systems are used in the construction of one-story houses. Especially when they plan to build a roof on their own.

Shed roofs

Roofs with one slope are simple and economical designs. They attract with the ease and speed of construction, as well as the minimum consumption of building materials. If earlier such roofs were the lot of outbuildings, garages, verandas, today they can often be seen above residential buildings lovers of modernity, minimalism and high-tech.

Shed roofing can give expressive dynamics to the architecture of high-tech houses

Despite the simplicity of the upper structure of buildings, there are many more options for arranging such roofs than it seems. This may be a classic rafter system - the rafter legs rest on two opposite walls of the building, different in height, through the Mauerlat. The support can also be a concrete reinforced belt, arranged in advance during the construction of walls or the upper rows of log (wooden) boxes.

The truss system for a shed roof has several device options

An interesting system is based on one side of the wall, and the other on the support in the form of beams. The upper parts of the rafters are attached to the load-bearing wall or through steel brackets to the wall itself, and the lower parts are attached to the beams. This is exactly what they do when they build sheds or extensions. Roofs can overlap the extension along with the main building, or they can look like separate roofs.

When constructing shed roofs of extensions and sheds, the upper parts of the rafters are attached to the wall

As a variation of this option, both sides of the rafter legs rest on the strapping of the beams.

In another version of the construction of the truss system, both sides of the rafter legs rest on the strapping of the installed beams.

With walls of the same height for the construction of a shed roof, one wall is built up. But it will be faster and more reliable to use in this case construction trusses made of wood or metal, factory-made or made independently.

The use of construction trusses greatly simplifies the construction of a pitched roof.

It should be noted another type of truss system, which is used in order to transfer the load from the walls to the floors. In this case, support posts are installed that support the rafters and rafter legs.

To reduce the bearing load on the walls of the house, support posts are used.

And the latest trend in architectural fashion for shed roofs of low-rise buildings - the truss system rests directly on the ground - a bright and bold design. Such a roof certainly will not go unnoticed.

Catchy design element one-story house became dynamic shed roof, which abuts the truss system against the ground

Video: do-it-yourself shed roof

If we talk about unusual pitched roofs, then there are:

• undulating forms of the roof;

  The roof of a one-story cottage has a non-trivial shape of a wave running ashore - this emphasizes the ultra-modern design style

• arcuate;

  Beautiful small house with arcuate wooden roof and spectacularly curved beams - an example of what can be done with wood as building material- no limits for imagination

• sawtooth structures - for those who are looking for a way to fill their home with warmth and light, as well as visually increase the interior space;

  Sawtooth shed roof - a great option to fill the house natural light and visually expand its interior space

• green shed roofs, especially relevant for buildings near highways or large industrial enterprises, because they not only look picturesque, but purify the air and absorb noise;

  A green shed roof will give an extra charge of vivacity, add vitality, increase stress resistance and improve heart function.

• roof-stairs for one-story long buildings;

  The house in the UK harmoniously blended into the surroundings, thanks to the naturalness of the forms and smooth tonal transitions of the color scheme.

• canopy roofs - very practical - the curvature of the slope can be bent, taking into account the climatic conditions of a particular area;

  The curvature of a shed roof canopy easily adapts to the weather conditions of any region and the architectural style of the house

• refracting roofs, passing into the facade.

  Shed roof refracting and passing to the facade - a stylish trend that came from Europe

Of course, so far, many of them look like exotic because of the unusual ultra-modern shape. But time will pass, new shed structures will appear, more unusual, and the current ones will decorate private houses with might and main.

Video: unusual roofs of private houses - ideas for construction

gable roofs

Despite the mass of options, gable roofs for low houses remain the most popular, because:

• such designs look expressive and neat;

  A special highlight is the external chimney inherent in Victorian-style houses

• have a clear and uncomplicated truss system;

  The gable roof truss system is simple and easy to install

• they are distinguished by simplicity and frugality in arrangement, as well as reliability in operation;
• provide good ventilation, uniform heating of the attic space and rapid melting snow, which is especially valuable for buildings in the northern regions;
• make it possible to use any materials and, if desired, equip the under-roof space with respect to the angle of inclination into a utility room or into a full-fledged residential attic.

  A one-story cottage with an attic and a multi-level gable roof looks impressive and soundly

In addition, gable truss systems are quite diverse, due to which the forms of gable roofs sometimes turn out to be simply fantastic.

Amazing and marvelous in shape of the roof are obtained thanks to unusual options rafter system devices

Photo gallery: houses with gable roofs - a fairy tale in reality

The gable hip roof of a one-story cottage is decorated with various stylish elements. Modern execution has created a charming Tudor one-story house with a gable roof. A thatched roof can be given any, even the most intricate and fantastic look. The Japanese often create original, witty, sometimes bizarre forms of houses and roofs that captivate with simplicity and intricacy. Distinctive feature English houses with an attic - a large slope of the roof slopes and several asymmetrically located gables

The nuances of one-story houses with a gable roof:

• the arrangement of the under-roof space affects the height of the truss system, which requires reinforcement of the rafters, which means an increase in the cost of construction;

  Under a gable roof, you can equip a residential or non-residential attic

• the slope angle of the slopes depends on the size of the house itself and also affects the height of the structure;
• the presence of gable windows complicates the structure of the roof and increases the cost of its construction;
• when installing the roof, special care is needed in the calculation of roofing units - chimneys and ventilation shafts.

  The arrangement of the gable roof truss system has various options

Video: original house design with a roof

Four-pitched roofs

Roofs with four slopes are characterized by increased reliability. They are durable and resist the wind very well.

A one-story house with a four-slope roof and a large open veranda is distinguished by its stability and original appearance.

Four-pitched roofs are made in the form of:

• tent construction, where all 4 slopes are combined at one point;

  The hipped roof is suitable for houses in the form of a square or a regular polygon

• and hip (semi-hip), consisting of two slopes in the form of a trapezoid and two triangular, connected by a ridge beam.

  An interesting idea for modern country house- asymmetric hipped roof reed in tandem with a grooved wooden front

Hipped four-slope roofs are economical in consumption wall materials due to the absence of tongs (gables). However, they have a complex support system and problems with fitting roof decks. Hip roofs look the most successful, especially on one-story houses, large in area. Such structures give the buildings solidity. In addition, hip roofs are more profitable than hip roofs in terms of use. roofing materials. Their only drawback, as well as half-hinged structures, is the complexity of roofing.

The truss systems of a four-pitched roof are more complicated than those of a gable roof

When choosing a four-pitched version, you need to pay attention to such a factor as the slope of the roof. The angle of inclination of the slopes allows you to freely remove precipitation from the roof, therefore it is a significant criterion for the aesthetic appearance of the roof, its safety and strength. Its permissible value is from 15 to 65 ° and depends on:

1. From the climate of a particular area. If the house is located in a region with heavy rainfall and snow, then it is advisable to make a roof slope of 45 °. A smaller roof slope is suitable for houses located in dry areas. A sloping roof with a slope angle of up to 30 ° is suitable for areas with frequent gusty winds.
2. From covering material. For roll coatings, the slope angle is provided in the range of 5–25 °, piece - at least 15 °, and overall roofing materials such as metal tiles and slate are laid on roofs with a slope of 25 ° or more.
3. From availability attic room. Here, it is especially necessary to accurately calculate the angle of inclination so as not to underestimate the usable area and, conversely, not to overestimate it and get unused space under the ridge. Optimal Angle inclination 38–45°. With a slope of less than 30 °, it is better to make an attic.

An increase in the angle of inclination of the roof means an increase in the length of the rafters and the area of ​​the rafter system. That is, a greater consumption of materials and more expensive construction.

Video: finished four-pitched roof - overview

Chalet roofs

Distinctive properties of chalet designs - high reliability, use exclusively natural materials and large sizes.

Chalet roofs feature large overhangs

You need to understand right away that such a roof cannot be cheap. This is a wide gable structure, most often wooden, with large overhangs, powerful rafters and roof beams, protruding 1.5–3 m beyond the surface of the walls. In addition, it is gently sloping, with a wide opening angle and a small distance to the ground. As a result, the drain under such a roof is not mounted. Thanks to this structure, she showed herself perfectly in the most extreme conditions.

Attract attention massive wooden beams supporting the roof - the design looks unusual and tempting

Advantages of a chalet roof:

Although the roof of the chalet looks impressive and heavy, it does not create much strong pressure to the foundation.

Therefore, this design is well suited to low-rise buildings with a shallow base and it is easy to make it on your own. It is only necessary to observe the traditional size of the slopes. The easiest way to arrange a chalet:

1. Attach a strapping to the ends of the beams, which will hold the bottom row of roofing.

   The rafters are taken out far beyond the walls - this is the peculiarity of chalet-style roofs

2. Consoles are installed on the side walls. They perform a supporting function and, moreover, decorative.

   For chalet-style roofs, powerful consoles are installed along the perimeter of the side walls to support the rafters.

The architectural feature of the house in the style of a chalet is a roof that hangs heavily over the walls, which gives the appearance of the house an extraordinary beauty.

Chalet style is a brand that has passed through time and won the hearts of many today's homeowners.

Video: chalet-style houses and roofs

hip roof

The key features of hip roofs are the presence of dormer and dormers. They provide natural ventilation of the under-roof space and high level illumination. However, you need to understand that with equal house sizes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe hip structure will be larger than the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe gable roof - construction will cost more, but the result is much more effective than the gable version.

If we compare the varieties of roofs of one-story houses, then buildings with hip roof among the first - even small-sized houses under a hip roof look much more expensive and more effective than a gable version

The most common options for hip roofs:

• half-hipped (Dutch) construction - built on the principle of a broken attic, with the only difference being that the lower half-hipped roof has 4 slopes;

  The hip roof may have hanging or layered rafters.

  Advantages of a hip roof:

  • has a rigid structure, therefore its deformation is unlikely;
  • resists gusty winds well;
  • large eaves protect the foundation and walls from flooding and are often used as canopies over terraces;
  • visually makes the facade of the attic house lower.

  Disadvantages of the hip design:

  • complexity and high cost;
  • reduction of the attic space, which is especially inconvenient if you want to equip the attic;
  • auditory and skylights, on the one hand, provide additional lighting, and on the other hand, with insufficient tightness, they are able to pass moisture.

  The hip roof for one-story houses has become a kind of standard, especially in the steppe, forest-steppe zones and hilly areas with an abundance of strong winds.

  Sometimes the design with a bay window is deliberately increased to the second floor, but the roof of the extension with a hip roof of the house is not broken.

  This version of the roof will cost a lot, but it will last for decades, perfectly protecting the house from natural negatives.

  Video: metal hip roof

  Multi-gable roofs

  In recent years, multi-gable structures crowning one-story buildings have become increasingly common. The difference between such roofs is the complexity of their construction, which entails decent financial costs, but houses with multi-gable roofs look graceful and eccentric.

  Among the variety of roofs, the multi-gable roof is considered the most complex and expensive design, but this does not stop those who want to decorate their home with a graceful impressive roof.

  Any configurations and sizes of buildings are suitable for the multi-gable option, however, it is easier to build such roofs on rectangular and square buildings.

  Video: rooftops

  Multi-gable roofs are made not only to protect the building from bad weather, but also for their beauty, original catchy design. Often, such structures are used as part of combined complex roofs, for example, they are installed in attics to get additional lighting.

  Such a roof requires a lot of effort and effort, but it will decorate it very much. a private house, will make it stunningly attractive in appearance

  Multi-gable roofs are gable or multi-pitched with various slopes. The latter create a cruciform shape on the surface of the house.

  Advantages of multi-gable roofs:

  • strength, reliability and long term services;
  • volume and beauty due to increased design potentials;
  • additional living space, well lit and ventilated.

  The disadvantages include:

  
  

  Before creating a multi-gable roof, you should initially calculate your own financial capabilities, since this design is the most expensive.

  Video: house roof device - what you need to know

  It is impossible to predict in advance which type of roof will suit a particular house, just as there is no universal project. Developers put forward their own requirements, desires and preferences. We can only say that when designing a roof yourself, look at all the options. Consider the nuances in order to choose a solid, aesthetic and stylish roof in proportion to your capabilities.

Roof installation is a complex multi-stage process. In order to independently assemble and install the truss system, it is necessary to carefully study the methods of connecting the elements, calculate the length of the rafters and the slope angle, and select the appropriate materials. If you do not have the necessary experience, take on complex structures not worth it. The best option for a residential building small size- do-it-yourself gable roof.

A standard roof of this type consists of the following elements:

Mauerlat is a beam laid on top of the walls along the perimeter of the building. It is fixed with threaded steel rods immured into the wall or anchor bolts. The beam must be made of coniferous wood and have a square section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. Mauerlat takes on the load from the rafters and transfers it to the outer walls.

rafter legs- these are long boards with a section of 50x150 mm or 100x150 mm. They are attached to each other at an angle and give the roof a triangular shape. The design of their two rafter legs is called a truss. The number of farms depends on the length of the house and the type of roofing. The minimum distance between them is 60 cm, the maximum is 120 cm. When calculating the pitch of the rafter legs, one should take into account not only the weight of the coating, but also the wind load, as well as the amount of snow in the winter.

Is located in highest point roofs and most often is a longitudinal bar connecting both slopes. From below, the timber is supported by vertical racks, and the ends of the rafters are attached to the sides. Sometimes the ridge consists of two boards, which are nailed to the top of the rafters on both sides and connected at a certain angle.

Racks - vertical bars with a section of 100x100 mm, located inside each farm and serving to transfer the load from the ridge run to the load-bearing walls inside the house.

The struts are made from timber scraps and set at an angle between the uprights and the rafters. Struts strengthen the side faces of the farm, increases load bearing capacity designs.

Puff - a beam connecting the lower parts of the rafters, the base of the truss triangle. Together with struts, such a beam serves to strengthen the truss, increases its resistance to loads.

Lying is a long bar with a section of 100x100 mm, laid along the central load-bearing wall, on which vertical racks rest. Lying is used when installing layered rafters, when the run between the outer walls is more than 10 m.

The crate is a board or timber stuffed on the rafters. The crate is solid and with gaps, depending on the type of roof. It is always attached perpendicular to the direction of the rafters, most often horizontally.

If there is no more than 10 m between the outer walls and there is no load-bearing wall in the middle, arrange hanging rafter system. With such a system, the upper ends of adjacent rafters are sawn at an angle and connected to each other with nails, excluding the installation of racks and ridge timber. The lower ends of the rafter legs rest on the outer walls. Due to the lack of racks, the attic space can be used to equip the attic. Very often, floor beams perform the function of puffs. To strengthen the structure, it is recommended to install the upper puff at a distance of 50 cm from the ridge.

In the presence of a central supporting wall, the arrangement is more justified layered truss system. A bed is laid on the wall, support posts are attached to it, and a ridge beam is nailed to the posts. This installation method is quite economical and easier to perform. If the ceilings in the interior are designed at different levels, the racks are replaced brick wall dividing the attic into two halves.

The installation process of the roof includes several stages: fastening the Mauerlat to the walls, assembling the truss trusses, installing the rafters on the floors, installing the ridge, fastening the batten. All wooden elements before assembly are carefully treated with any antiseptic composition and dried in the air.

For work you will need:

• timber 100x10 mm and 150x150 mm;
• boards 50x150 mm;
• boards 30 mm thick for lathing;
• ruberoid;
• metal studs;
• jigsaw and hacksaw;
• hammer;
• nails and screws;
• square and building level.

IN wooden houses Mauerlat functions are performed by logs of the last row, which greatly simplifies the workflow. To install the rafters, it is enough to cut on inside logs grooves of the appropriate size.

IN brick houses or buildings from blocks, the installation of the Mauerlat is as follows:

Mauerlat bars should form a regular rectangle and be in the same horizontal plane. This will facilitate further installation of the roof and provide the structure with the necessary stability. In conclusion, markings are made on the bars for the rafters and grooves are cut along the thickness of the bar.

When choosing a hanging truss system, it is necessary to assemble the trusses on the ground, and then install them above the floors. First you need to draw up a drawing and calculate the length of the rafter legs and the angle of their connection. Typically, the roof slope is 35-40 degrees, but in open, heavily ventilated areas, it is reduced to 15-20 degrees. To find out at what angle to connect the rafters, you should multiply the angle of the roof by 2.

Knowing the length of the run between the outer walls and the angle of connection of the rafters, you can calculate the length of the rafter legs. Most often, it is 4-6 m, taking into account the cornice overhang 50-60 cm wide.

The upper ends of the rafters can be fastened in several ways: overlap, butt and "in the paw", that is, with cut grooves. For fixing use metal pads or bolts. Next, the lower and upper puffs are mounted, and then the finished trusses are lifted up and installed above the ceilings.

The extreme trusses are attached first: with the help of a plumb line, the rafters are set vertically, the length of the overhang is adjusted and attached to the Mauerlat with bolts or steel plates. So that during the installation process the farm does not move, it is strengthened with temporary jibs from a bar. After installing the extreme rafters, the rest are exposed, keeping the same distance between them. When all the trusses are fixed, they take a board with a section of 50x150 mm, the length of which is 20-30 cm longer than the length of the eaves, and nail it along the upper edge of the slope. Do the same on the other side of the roof.

The first option: on the rafter leg, at the place of contact with the Mauerlat, a rectangular groove is cut out 1/3 of the beam width. Stepping back from the top of the box 15 cm, a steel crutch is driven into the wall. The rafter is leveled, the grooves are aligned, then a wire clamp is thrown on top and the beam is pulled close to the wall. The ends of the wire are securely fixed on the crutch. The lower edges of the rafters are carefully cut with a circular saw, leaving an overhang of 50 cm.

The second option: the upper rows of walls are laid out with a stepped brick cornice, and the mauerlat is placed flush with the inner surface of the wall and a groove is cut in it for the rafter. The edge of the rafter leg is cut at the level of the upper corner of the eaves. This method is simpler than the others, but the overhang is too narrow.

Third option: ceiling beams are released over the edge outer wall by 40-50 cm, and truss trusses are installed on beams. The ends of the rafter legs are cut at an angle and rest against the beams, fixing with metal plates and bolts. This method allows you to slightly increase the width of the attic.

The device of layered rafters

1 shows the cutting of the struts of the rafters into a bed laid on intermediate supports, and in Fig. 2 - supporting the rafter leg on the Mauerlat

The procedure for installing a layered truss system:

When the main elements are fixed, the surface of the rafters is treated with flame retardants. Now you can start making the crate.

A beam of 50x50 mm is suitable for the crate, as well as boards with a thickness of 3-4 cm and a width of 12 cm or more. Waterproofing material is usually laid under the crate to protect the truss system from getting wet. The waterproofing film is laid in horizontal stripes from the eaves to the roof ridge. The material spreads with an overlap of 10-15 cm, after which the joints are fastened with adhesive tape. The bottom edges of the film must completely cover the ends of the rafters.

It is necessary to leave a ventilation gap between the boards and the film, so first wooden slats 3-4 cm thick are stuffed onto the film, placing them along the rafters.

The next stage is the sheathing of the truss system with boards; they are stuffed perpendicular to the rails, starting from the roof eaves. The step of the lathing is affected not only by the type of roofing, but also by the angle of inclination of the slopes: the larger the angle, the greater the distance between the boards.

After the installation of the battens is completed, they begin to sheath the gables and overhangs. You can close the gables with boards, plastic panels, clapboard, waterproof plywood or corrugated board - it all depends on financial capabilities and personal preferences. Sheathing is attached to the side of the rafters, nails or self-tapping screws are used as fasteners. Overhangs are also hemmed various materials from wood to siding.

Video - Do-it-yourself gable roof

On a variety of buildings you can see a roof with two slopes. It is by no means chosen just like that - it is a relatively simple and comfortable way to build a roof, reliable and beautiful in appearance. But there are many subtleties that both builders and customers should take into account when creating it.

Advantages and disadvantages

The stability of the walls and the strength of the foundation, the elegance of the design of the designers can bring joy only in one case - when it “does not drip” from above. Technologists and engineers have put in a lot of effort, invented many roofing options. But in terms of the ratio of pluses and minuses, one of the first places is still a classic pair of skates. These are two surfaces placed at an angle and having fulcrum on load-bearing walls. The use of a gable roof is equally good for a shopping pavilion, and for a country cottage, and for an ordinary canopy over a car or an entrance to a house.

From such a roof, rainfall almost instantly flows down. Snow does not linger on it. And even the wind will not be able to expose the underlying parts of the roofing pie of cabins, sheds, utility blocks.

Below there can be a comfortable attic or even a full-fledged residential attic with large rooms. Consumers can choose different designs, modify the length of the slopes and the steepness of each of them.

Country buildings are supplied with gable roofs most often not only because of their resistance to weather conditions and comfort. The anti-vandal properties of such structures also favorably distinguish them from others. Disadvantages are found only during the construction of attics. Be sure to equip dormers and strengthen the rafters. But even taking into account these problems, it is still this particular format that can be considered a universal type of roof.

Varieties

It is important to understand that a gable roof is not something single and monolithic; in fact, a number of subspecies are hidden under this name.

• Traditional symmetrical design(the base is an isosceles triangle, the slope is exactly 45 degrees). It perfectly tolerates the pressure of snow and rain flows, but cannot be used for the attic.

• broken type increases the efficiency of attic space use. From above, the slopes are relatively gentle, and below they are sharply inclined. The inevitable consequence of this choice is the complication of the truss system.

• Roof without symmetry(such a “dvuhskatka” makes it possible to make only an attic limited in area). The main motive for choosing is an extremely unusual appearance.

• Asymmetric multi-level(with different slopes) roof - in it the ridge is moved away from the center. The roof can serve as a canopy for a veranda or even a terrace located near the house.

Most of the structures used in practice have inclination angles of at least 11 and not more than 45 degrees, because they are the most practical. In dry and warm climates, you can make the most flat roof.

If the frequency of precipitation and their intensity are very high, then a steeper roof will have to be built. But again, she has her weak point - increased susceptibility to wind pressure.

The equipment of different slopes not only increases the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe attic or attic, but also allows you to make their walls as straight as possible.

Asymmetry, if it is thought out properly and implemented technically competently, can become an attractive design solution. It has long been noted that the difference in the parameters of the slopes increases the snow and wind resistance of the house. The pressure on the walls, rafters and foundation is somewhat less than usual. And on asymmetric roofs they work much more efficiently solar panels. There is only one minus - the design and work will have to be entrusted to professionals.

Many gable roofs are equipped with dormer windows, which increase the attractiveness of the design. The image of the house as a whole becomes more cheerful, the building acquires unique features. In a gable roof, windows in the shape of a quadrangle are often placed, although the number of shapes simply cannot be counted. Dormer windows are designed to replace doors for access to the roof during repair, finishing and emergency work, in case of emergency.

A gable roof with short and long slopes requires the most careful measurement of all parameters and calculation of the necessary properties of the system. The required accuracy is able to provide a hydraulic level.

A roof with three pediments is equipped mainly on houses made in the form of a square or rectangle. When equipping the attic, a separate roof is placed on it, and you can choose any type you like, including a broken one. For your information: the presence of three gables allows for enhanced lighting of the attic floor.

Quite a lot of roofs are made with a ledge - this element helps to organize peaks, canopies and cornices. A roof with a valley is equipped in cases where it is necessary to ensure that the slopes that form a negative angle are connected to each other.

Such roofs can be made:

• in the form of a cross;

• in the shape of the letter T;

• in the shape of the letter G.

Preparing a roof plan involves assessing its top view, while all dormer and dormer windows, points of attachment of surfaces are necessarily taken into account. Reflect in terms of roofs over terraces and verandas, for each surface and detail you need to paint the size. The general plan is divided into elementary figures, it must indicate where the main premises and extensions will be located. Only if this condition is observed can it be guaranteed that all nodes, valleys, ledges will ideally fulfill their tasks. If the size of the runs changes, the angle at which the valley leans is also adjusted.

Where such parts are located, the connected slopes are covered with an inextricable crate. When laying out the waterproofing, it is recommended to place it in two layers, and then attach the valley to the screws. When the joints of the part are in a horizontal plane, the run is at least 10 cm, and ideally 30 cm. If the slope has only a slight angle of inclination, it is advisable to use an additional layer of waterproofing. A valley with a self-expanding sealant is placed under the metal tile.

A gable roof with a bay window may well be inexpensive and quite beautiful. This element is placed on a reinforcing belt; to make it, one of the rows of bricks or blocks is usually not placed during construction. The belt will not only support the rafter beams, but also strengthen the wall, reduce pressure on the window lintels. The formwork can be made from an old board, and a welded mesh with 5x5 cm cells is used for the reinforcement itself.

The off-center shape is often chosen due to the increased energy efficiency. This valuable property is harmoniously combined with external attractiveness. Architects go for a variety of tricks, especially popular original performances were in the middle of the last century. The most radical experiments, of course, did not justify themselves, but solutions in which one slope is directed to the south, and a different angle or length from it - to the north. It is important not to forget in this kind of search that no one has canceled the careful calculation of wind and snow loads, the determination of the composition of the premises.

The overall level of efficiency of the dwelling, if done correctly, is much higher than that of an ordinary house covered with a typical gable roof. Accurate calculations of the architects showed that it is worth introducing one angle steeper than 45 degrees, as the unused area in the house will be drastically reduced.

The original step is an imitation of the roof of the old Russian tower. Moreover, it is much easier for modern builders than for their predecessors several centuries ago. Mathematics and effective computational programs come to the rescue, allowing you to calculate the parameters as accurately as possible.

Under a pitched roof, it is much more pleasant to put an attic than under a regular one. A semi-dark nook almost at the very ridge brings joy to few people, especially since sharply inclined slopes and sharp corners located inside and outside do not contribute to visual comfort. Instead of being led by designers who creatively play with a simple type of gable roof, it would be more correct to solve the problem radically. Roofing material with cut corners helps to cover those places where it is not possible to put full sheets or rolls.

A popular variety of gable roofs is the gabled form; it would be more accurate to say that this is an assembly of several roofs, each of which covers individual parts of the house and is mechanically connected to others. The advantage of this solution is that it allows you to create both dormers and balconies. “Tongs” in the terminology of roofers is, of course, not a metal tool with sharp grasping edges, but pediments. The radical complication of the rafter system is justified by external aesthetic appeal. To imagine how it all looks, you need to look at any image of an ancient castle.

A gable roof can be not only steep, but also gentle. The increased steepness of the slope strengthens the structure and makes its sophisticated reinforcement less relevant. The need for lumber is reduced, and therefore the overall costs rise. But if in a particular area there is a high probability of storms and hurricanes, just strong winds, it is better to choose a more flattened option. At the same time, completely flat roof(angle of inclination of 10 degrees or less) is also impractical - caring for it, removing snow often becomes a painful task.

It is important to consider that when choosing heavy finishing materials(corrugated board and metal tiles) it is not recommended to make an angle steeper than 45 degrees. Then the usual fastening will be unable to prevent them from slipping quickly along the diagonal slopes. And you need to strengthen the fasteners, put additional elements. As a result, unnecessary expenses will appear - and this is not one, and not even two thousand rubles (if we also take into account the work, complicated design).

Saving on the construction of a completely sloping roof will not work either - under it you will have to create a particularly strong rafter system.

Device

When the required level of steepness of the roof is estimated, it is necessary to deal with its main elements. And paramount attention should be paid to such a detail as the Mauerlat. With this word, builders call a stable structure laid out along the perimeter of the walls and serving to fix the rafters. Mauerlat provides a uniform to the limit layout of the loads created by the roof overhang. It also prevents various mechanical influences from tearing the roofing system from the walls.

The protective characteristics of the Mauerlat are especially important when it comes to counteracting gusts of wind. Some craftsmen and even architects consider it acceptable to build roofs without this element, with direct attachment of rafters to the ceiling beams. But the simplicity of such a design turns into the fact that 100% of the load is collected monolithically on the rafter supports. If everything is done correctly, these impulses are dispersed over a much larger area.

Mauerlat can be made from:

• I-beam;

• channel;

• coniferous timber.

The standard section of the beam in such cases is 80x180, 100x100, 100x150, 150x150 or 200x200 mm. It is very easy to use, you just need to put a beam under the legs of the rafters.

When assessing the quality of wooden raw materials, knots that make up 2/3 of the thickness of the tree or more cannot be ignored. Such defects threaten not only the release of resin to the outside, but the weakening of the resistance to stretching.

Gable roof over lightweight frame house, which will not have to endure unnecessarily heavy loads, can be placed on the Mauerlat from connected boards. Some developers add steel pipes attached to the ends of the base piece. The structures used should have a maximum section that allows them to be passed through the rafter holes. Increased strength is no less important, it is even better to lay it with a margin. And you should not take pipes if you are not sure that they are made of high-quality steel.

The attachment of the Mauerlat to the wall is carried out in strict accordance with the technology worked out for decades. It is extremely rare to refuse a reinforced belt. And even if the building itself is strong, stable, it is still necessary. When there are walls of aerated concrete below, it is worth spending time laying out bricks or pouring plain concrete. These materials are less fragile and will avoid damage to the main part of the wall.

The size of the sealing belt is selected individually, taking into account the level of loads, including variables. But its width is always equal to at least the load-bearing walls.

A cornice (cornice overhang) must be present on any roof, and a gable roof is no exception. The purpose of such an element is to block water, which, during precipitation, tends to penetrate into the space under the roof. Importantly, the cornice is one of the finishing elements, and when it is hemmed, the internal components of the rafters are hidden.

The frame (box) for the construction of the cornice is made of a flat board that does not contain even single traces of bark and knots. An alternative to the eaves is the use of extension rafters filly. You also need to think about how to close the gables by at least 50 cm.

For your information: internal organization the cornice on the slope and on the pediment has little in common. If there is no desire to delve into such subtleties, it is better to seek help from professionals.

Unlined overhangs have found their main use in the process of working on a hip roof; hemmed type is most often used in combination with a hip roof with two slopes. The shortened format is compatible with absolutely any kind of roof structures.

The visor also has an exit beyond the main contour. Such a solution will reliably cover the wall and the plinth from precipitation. It is easy for people to hide there too: even if it rains like a stormy wall, it is always dry and comfortable under the part of the roof that is pushed forward.

The calculations of architects and engineers show that even a 150 cm extension allows the wall to remain dry, regardless of the intensity and duration of the downpour. But this is not the limit: technical capabilities modern builders allow you to build canopies twice as much. Such structures are used mainly as terrace organizers. On the hottest and hottest day, the overhang casts a shadow that protects the plants from the heat. Do not try to make such long visors yourself, there is too much responsibility.

The structure of a gable roof in the section cannot be considered thoroughly studied., if not to mention the inclined elements of the truss system. The slope has struts, firmly attached to vertically placed racks. Rafter boards cross section less than 5 cm is not recommended, and the width of the material is determined by its length. When calculating each part, attention is paid to how high the risk of its deflection under the action of a standard load is. An insulated gable roof implies such an arrangement of rafter legs, which requires a minimum number of cuts on the heat-insulating material.

materials

Despite the presence of a wide range of roofing materials, a considerable part of developers unconditionally trust profiled sheet structures. No wonder: it is he who combines those two qualities that many centuries have painfully tried to join - high strength and aesthetic perfection. Russians especially value corrugated board for its resistance to snow and ice, for minimal accumulation of solid precipitation on the surface. In addition, the choice of blocks of two dissimilar colors will help to increase the design characteristics of a roof from a profiled sheet.

It should be noted that even rapidly rolling down raindrops still produce a fair amount of noise. So that those living in the house do not feel like inhabitants of a giant drum at such moments, they will have to shell out a certain amount for the purchase of sound insulation. When the clouds leave and the sun peeps out, another problem appears - strong heating. To sunbathe, you need to take a lining made of soft fabric with you and walk everywhere in shoes. And if the profiled sheet is damaged, corrosion will spread inside at an amazing rate.

A typical sheet fastening involves screwing it to the substrate with 7 - 8 self-tapping screws. These fasteners are placed in a checkerboard style, so the roof structure is held stronger. It is forbidden to use nails to attach corrugated board, otherwise, at the first strong wind, it will go flying. The skates are pressed with self-tapping screws to the tops of the corrugations every 3.5 - 4 cm. The ends must be covered with wind strips, screwing the same screws in 50 cm increments.

Important: you will have to work very carefully with a gable roof, this is an extremely dangerous type of repair. Even if the steepness of the slopes is small, and the weather forecast indicates complete calm, you cannot climb up without a safety belt tied to stable parts of buildings. All manipulations with the profiled sheet are carried out exclusively with gloves, you can not press it against yourself or others.

It is forbidden:

• throw off damaged sheets from above, even warning about it (expansion is unpredictable);
• leave the tool unattended;

• touch the profiled sheet and perform any work with it without overalls and goggles;
• bend sheets.

A gable roof made of polycarbonate is equipped almost exclusively over greenhouses and other minor buildings. But even this circumstance and the high transparency of polycarbonate does not give the right to take its installation lightly! The advantages of such a coating are ease of machining and excellent strength, a variety of design elements. The absolute exclusion of corrosion and bacterial contamination will also please. For installation, you will have to take self-tapping screws of a special type, which are able to compensate for the intense thermal expansion of polycarbonate.

The monolithic appearance of the coating with a thickness of 1.2 cm or more is recognized as anti-vandal: a blow of a large hammer with great force does not leave visible damage. Resistance to snow and wind will also be a tangible plus.

The cellular variety cannot boast of such mechanical parameters, but it is much lighter. The truss frame under both types of polycarbonate is created mainly from wood.

Honeycomb sheets are used for arched and dome structures, and if you need to make an arch of a significant radius, you will have to additionally set:

• supports;
• struts;
• profile stiffeners.

Direct polycarbonate roofs are built over open terraces, gazebos and small garden houses. The rafters under them are made of boards 4 cm thick. Wood treatment with an antiseptic composition and fire retardants is mandatory. But coloring in one way or another is left to the discretion of the homeowners themselves.

Much more often than from polycarbonate, roofs are built from wooden beams. The most popular sizes of its blocks are 5, 8, 7-meter options. It is logical to use similar structures on houses that are generally made of timber - this will provide perfect combination. It must be remembered that the high mechanical stability of such a material does not mean that it is permissible to load it with excess mass. Therefore, the first step in calculating the structure is to find out what the level of overloads can be. The side bars are pulled together on the top row - due to this, the pressure from the rafters is reduced.

The screed will have to be made with details of 15x10 cm. Siding is also used in the decoration of gable roofs (more precisely, their gables). As the main finishing material metal profile is actively used. When choosing it, you need to check the ratio of the width of the lower shelves and the ridge (if the ridge is smaller, the water flow will be more active). You should also evaluate how correctly the side gutters are set, whether they are broken. Another important point is marking: the profile for walls and fences is unsuitable for riding.

When working with a gable roof, it is imperative to use additional elements.

When metal tiles are used, they solve three main tasks at once:

• formation of a single whole instead of disparate blocks;
• prevention of penetration of moisture and foreign substances into the gaps of profile sheets;
• improvement of the decorative qualities of the coating.

The most important detail of a modern tiled roof is the ridge batten., which provides docking of slopes directed at an angle to each other. If there is no such bar, they are in different planes and there is a gap through which precipitation and wind can penetrate. On a metal tile, skates are most often placed in the form of a semicircle with a radius of 7-12.5 cm. A more universal solution is the use of a trapezoidal or figured design. In the last two cases, it is possible to take out the wing by 15-30 cm, focusing on the shape of the roof and the slope of the slopes; the skate itself has a length of 200 cm in any configuration.

In addition to the ridge, other details will be needed to help complete the construction of the upper roof assembly. Plank caps (flat, conical or in the form of a tent) are used exclusively for semicircular skates. With their help, visiting the under-roof space by birds is blocked, it is possible to avoid its clogging.

The sealing underlay under the metal tile helps to ensure that the profile is pressed particularly tightly against the roof base. Thanks to this, both rattling sounds and the penetration of water into the under-roof space are excluded.

On a broken gable roof, valley planks placed in negative angles are required. They will take precipitation flowing from closely spaced slopes and send it to the drain. The inner bar is placed under a metal tile or other profile sheet. The outer one is placed on an already formed roof, and this detail must be elegant in appearance - otherwise it will not fulfill its function. The end or wind bar usually looks like a profile sheet bent in length; it joins the ends of the gable nodes.

The drip and cornice strip are closely interconnected and act as additional parts of the drain system. The junction planks provide a connection between the roof covering and the elements protruding beyond its contour. Even if there are no chimneys, there will definitely be antennas, intersections with walls, and so on. In Russian conditions, it will not be possible to do without snow retainers. Saving on any component of the roof turns into serious losses.

A metal roof with lightning protection is the only feasible option in practice. Protection against lightning strikes is achieved by using special receivers of lightning discharges, made using pin or cable technology. It is advisable to consult with specialists in order to ensure the reliability of the electrical contact of the roof throughout its entire length. The rafter system as a whole and each wooden fragment individually is always treated with refractory reagents. The cost of such treatment is relatively low, while it allows you to minimize the likelihood of a roof fire.

Often create gable roofs from profile pipe.

For the most part, such elements are canopies over:

• car parking place;
• outdoor recreation and barbecue area;
• swimming pool;
• terrace.

The pipe allows you to create an impeccably strong frame, and a profiled sheet or polycarbonate is already mounted on it. As a working platform, it is recommended to choose a flat area of ​​\u200b\u200bground. Covering this area with concrete or tiles will improve decorative qualities, and placement on an elevated site will help get rid of problems with drainage.

The cross section of the profile pipe is determined by how significant the structure is being formed. If you take a profile of 6x6 cm, it will already be difficult to hold canopies wider than 4 m and longer than 6 m. It is not at all necessary to choose round pipes for columns - if the parts are connected at right angles, square blocks will be even more practical. In addition to bolts and welding, clamps and threads can be used for mechanical binding of parts. Self-coloring is no worse than branded, but 30-40% cheaper.

Some home craftsmen and even professionals believe that the roof of the attic is most likely to be sheathed with clapboard. The advantages of this material are its environmental safety, comfortable price and excellent appearance.

Cedar wood has a great visual texture, in addition, it is also the most beneficial for health.

The pine massif is strong and reliable, somewhat cheaper than cedar blanks.

You should also consider pine, oak, spruce or larch - each of these options has its own advantages.

Dimensions

The calculation of the height of the roof is very important, and if you make a mistake in determining the dimensions of the ridge, you may encounter problems when using it.

Whether the roof will be low or large depends on many subtleties and nuances:

• climatic parameters of the area;
• organization of an attic under a roof or its absence;
• type of flooring material.

The heavier the coating being created, the steeper should be its installation. When the size of a single element decreases, the skate rises higher. But we must not forget that raising the skate inevitably entails costs, and the amount of costs is growing rapidly. A residential attic or an actively operated attic, according to sanitary standards, cannot be less than 150 cm in height and 120 cm in length. An exception is made only for structures that are very complex in composition.