Providing ventilation in the pool of a private house. How to ventilate the pool in a private house? Calculation of supply and exhaust ventilation in the pool

Any room in which the pool is located is quite specific, mainly due to the abundance of water vapor. As you know, moisture settles in the form of condensate on colder surfaces, as a result of which corrosion processes develop, fungus and decay appear. In addition, windows in this room fog up, and moisture settles on almost everything that is located there. To avoid such troubles, you will need high-quality ventilation of the pool. About what it is, why it is needed and how it is equipped, and will be discussed in today's article.

Why might swimming pools be ventilated?

Due to the special characteristics of the air and water in the room where the swimming pool is located, the moisture evaporates safely from the bowl, and prevent this process does not seem possible. Settling on different kind structural elements or simply interior items, moisture inevitably leads to their deterioration. However, if you correctly design and equip the ventilation system, it will effectively remove all air fumes to the street.

Another disadvantage of the abundance of water vapor in the room is that people who swim in the pool simply experience discomfort. Moreover, humid air adversely affects the respiratory system, as well as the psychological state of a person as a whole. And, finally, the third reason why ventilation is mandatory in this case is the inevitable damage to all electronic equipment in the pool. Tellingly, even ceiling lighting fixtures protected by glass come into disrepair.

To make the ventilation system more efficient, it is usually additionally equipped with air dryers. By the way, there are many ventilation systems themselves, but only two are the most popular among them:

with separation of outflow/inflow of air;
supply and exhaust (with the option of heat recovery).

Let's take a closer look at each of these options.

Option one. With air outlet/inlet separation

This kind of ventilation system is classified as separate, in this case the air enters and exits through separate system elements. If we talk about the cost, then the equipment for such ventilation is much cheaper (when compared with the option described in the next paragraph of the article), however, during further operation it will without fail will require a lot of expenses. In addition, the dimensions of the separate ventilation system are quite large, therefore, it is very inconvenient to use it (especially in small rooms).

Note! Forced ventilation basin has one very important distinguishing feature- fresh air in it is supplied to the room separately from the parallel outlet of air, which has had time to humidify, to the street.

We also note that such ventilation systems are often equipped at the stage of pool construction. The role of the main element in this case is the fan, which is mounted in the exhaust ducts.

Speaking specifically about the influx of fresh air, it is carried out through such devices:

a control unit designed to support the volume of supplied air and temperature conditions;
an air intake device, on which there is a valve that does not let cold street air into the room in cases where the system is turned off;
a fan with which air is pumped;
cleaning filter required to clean the incoming air;
a heating device with which this incoming air is heated.

For a more detailed acquaintance with this issue, we recommend that you watch the thematic video below.

Video - About ventilation in pools

Option two. Supply and exhaust (with heat recovery function)

If we talk about this type of exhaust ventilation system, then it functions in a single unit. Tellingly, such a system will require serious costs even during the purchase of all the equipment required for it, however, during further operation you will encounter a pleasant surprise - noticeable savings (much more than the option described above).

Let's get acquainted with the main advantages of using such systems.

First of all, it does not require too much space to install it. All the components necessary for the operation of the system are located in one block, therefore, the whole complex turns out to be very oversized when compared with ventilation, in which the elements are separated. An ideal option for pools, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is insignificant, which means that it is most often used in private country houses.
Another advantage is that during operation the system consumes not so much electricity, since it (as the name suggests) has a heat exchanger. Thanks to this device, you can save from 50 to 40 percent of electricity, since the supply air is heated by the exhaust gas, but it does not mix with it. In other words, the temperature regime in the room is kept at the same level only due to its thermal reserve. And this, in turn, reduces the required power of the motor used by about two or two and a half times.

As for the design of the supply exhaust system, then it includes the following important elements:

inlet air heater;
fan (still the same supply and exhaust);
thermal recuperator;
cleaning filter required to purify fresh air;
the last element is a double valve, which shuts off the cold air supply if the system is turned off.

We also note that the system described above, equipped with a heat recuperator, is quite often also equipped with the function of automatically adjusting temperature indicators, as well as the values of the amount of water vapor. Moreover, in addition, this pool ventilation can be equipped with devices that distribute heated air to other rooms; Another example of a "bonus" device is the dehumidifier.

What about automated ventilation systems?

Automatic systems are able to control the entire ventilation system, as well as adjust its functions. Below are the main points that perform automated systems.

Direct connection of the ventilation system with the so-called "smart home" system.
Maintaining temperature and humidity indicators of air at the required level, monitoring the performance of the ventilation system itself.
Ensuring protection (both the system as a whole and its individual components), preventing water from freezing in water heaters, reducing voltage, and so on.
Notification of all problems and emergencies that occur in the system.
Tracking the sequence of all operations that occur in the system.

As you can see, there are really a lot of functions, and therefore automated systems fully justify their inflated cost.

Regulatory requirements

Any ventilation system must be selected in accordance with certain indicators that must be observed in the premises where the pools are located. If you intend to ensure the safest and most comfortable conditions in the said room, you must adhere to certain numbers.

The maximum air humidity should be 65 percent.
The air exchange rate, in accordance with regulatory requirements, is 80 cubic meters per hour for each person who is in the room. Although when drawing up a project, as a rule, they are not based on this indicator, but on the calculated value.
The maximum difference between the temperature indicators of water and air should be no more than 20 degrees (and exclusively in favor of air).
The gas flow that exits the ventilation system must have a speed of no more than 20 meters per second. If the speed is greater, then drafts are formed that are felt by the skin.
Finally, the water temperature, in accordance with the same standards, should be less than 32 degrees Celsius.

We also note that the regulatory requirements allow for a difference between the volumes of outgoing / incoming air, but no more? total air exchange rate. Although in this case, you must also take into account the speed at which the gas flow moves. When designing, take into account the fact that the noise level in a given room is a maximum of 60 decibels.

Note! It is quite obvious that the natural ventilation system is unable to provide such indicators in the room, and therefore, if there is a pool, it (the room) must be equipped with forced ventilation.

Features of drafting a ventilation system

If you are drafting a ventilation system (regardless of what type it is planned), then you must take into account the functional parameters of the entire structure - this will ensure the specified conditions; also do not forget about the negative factors affecting structural elements. Perhaps the most important substance, without which no pool ventilation can do, is condensate. If it accumulates on the walls of the ventilation shaft, it will inevitably lead to corrosive processes, as well as equipment failure. To avoid this, it is necessary to insulate the shaft and install electrically heated valves. In addition, be sure to supplement the shaft with a tray into which accumulated moisture would drain.

Any ventilation system (whatever its size) must be able to operate at a lower capacity in order to save electricity in the event of a pool downtime. In turn, you must equip the system with a device of higher power, so that ventilation can successfully cope with everything in the presence of a large number of people in the pool. Of course, all these additions are not mandatory, but thanks to them, electricity is saved during continuous operation, but the efficiency of the entire system remains at the same level. This addition is especially relevant for country houses where the equipment is not used as often as, for example, in public swimming pools.

But the most important thing that you should consider during the design is the area of the room, the presence / absence of heating, air flow rates, as well as the air exchange rate. As for the supply and exhaust system, it can be considered universal, since it is able to solve all these problems at once. It includes various structural elements, including fans, filtration devices or, say, a heater. Because, in fact, she successfully copes with all tasks.

Note! The ventilation system of the pool should be equipped separately from the general house ventilation. Also note that in order to reduce the evaporation of moisture from the bowl, it can be curtained during downtime.

We develop a ventilation system project

As noted earlier, during the design of ventilation, an air humidity index of about 65 percent is taken into account, but in reality this indicator usually decreases by 15 or even 20 percent. The reason for this is extremely simple - the so-called tactile sensation of humidity. So, if the system is equipped correctly and provides the required humidity, then a feeling of discomfort and condensation can still be noticed. As a result, the functional characteristics of the system are adjusted. The phenomena described above then disappear, but the humidity at the same time no longer meets the regulatory requirements.

When designing a project, also consider the air flow. There are many formulas and special tables that can help determine the required air exchange at the current temperature and area of the pool bowl.

Here are the main characteristics that should be taken into account during the calculations:

air temperature under the ceiling (due to the fact that warm air weighs less, and therefore always strives upwards);
the area of the water space;
the number of people visiting the pool at the same time (on average);
overall dimensions of bypass tracks;
air temperature indicator;
average outdoor temperature in summer/winter;
temperature indicator of water.

If you are designing the ventilation of the pool yourself, then without fail make the following calculations.

Determine how much heat comes from people, water in the thicket, sunlight, lighting fixtures and, in fact, the tracks.
Determine how much moisture comes from swimmers, paths and water.
Calculate the air exchange, taking into account the standard indicator.

In accordance with the standards of the German Society of Engineers, the latter indicator must be calculated from the water area, the total humidity indicator and the water temperature. In addition, one must take into account functional features premises. The calculation formula looks something like this (in kilograms per hour):

e*F*РВ-PL = W.

Let's take a look at what each indicator means:

F denotes the total water area in square meters;
PL is the vapor pressure in the case of given humidity/temperature values;
РВ is all the same steam pressure, that's only for given parameters of water in the bowl;
finally, e is the evaporation index, which determines the functional features of the design.

The last indicator depends on the type of pool. So, if the structure is covered with a film, then e will be 0.5; if it has water slides, then 35; if the water is static, then 5; if we are talking about a public pool, then about 20; finally, if the bowl is small and attended by an average number of people, then 15.

Note! It is obvious that the humidity in the street varies depending on the specific time of the year. Professionals recommend taking the average value (it is 9 grams per kilogram), since its change with each subsequent season is not too significant.

We also note that directly during the arrangement of the ventilation system, you must insulate and seal each of the air ducts without fail. The air flow must not be directed towards the water surface. If the pool ventilation is small, it can be installed between the base and suspended ceilings. Finally, the use of an air conditioner in a room where there is already ventilation is undesirable.

That's all, now you are aware of what ventilation is in such places, how to design and calculate it. Don't forget to watch another themed video. Good luck with your work!

Video - The device of the supply and exhaust ventilation system

Like other premises of a private house, the pool requires a normal microclimate in it. It should maintain acceptable humidity and temperature. Only when these two parameters are provided, further work can be carried out. Ventilation in the pool of a private house can be provided different ways. It implies taking into account some parameters of the external environment.

Existing norms of parameters

When creating ventilation in the pool of a private house, the following environmental factors must be taken into account:

air humidity not more than 65%;
air temperature, which will not differ from the water temperature in the pool by more than 2 °;
water temperature should not be higher than 32 °;
the speed of air movement should not be more than 0.2 m/s.

It is these parameters that are considered fundamental in the formation of a favorable microclimate for such a room as a pool. When designing a system, it is very important to take into account the difference between the volume of air entering and leaving the system.

This parameter will directly depend on what is the speed of air flows. Ventilation in the pool of a private house should be organized according to the forced principle. Natural air currents are not always enough for the microclimate to be truly favorable.

The noise level must not exceed the level established by law. Most often this value is 60 dB. When choosing machinery and equipment, it must be taken into account that it must have a sufficiently high performance.

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Project development: features

One of the most important stages in the organization of ventilation in the pool of a private house is its design. It is important to take into account all the nuances of the system. When designing, it is necessary to ensure not only effective air exchange between the internal and external environment, but also to exclude the formation of various harmful factors that can adversely affect the human body. One of these is the formation of condensate inside the mine. This can adversely affect its service life. That is why mines must be insulated without fail. And you can do it both from the inside and outside. Sometimes the system is supplemented with special heating valves. A prerequisite is the use of drip trays to collect condensate.

The pool of a private house is a place that is not always actively used by people. That is why at the design stage it is necessary to think over so that you can save electrical energy. Here everything is implemented quite simply. When the pool is frozen, it is not necessary to use the equipment at full capacity. It is best to purchase such devices that will allow air to circulate during non-working periods, but at a minimum level. When a person wants to actively use the pool, he can easily turn on all available equipment at maximum power. Highly convenient way saving electricity.

Modern supply and exhaust ventilation can solve several problems at once. It contains several main nodes. Be sure to include: fans, filters and a heater. You can use additional equipment. Such, for example, can be a recuperator. This device allows you to reduce consumption by approximately 1/4 electrical energy. Modern pools of private houses use water heating. It is usually placed around the entire perimeter of the bowl.

At the same time, the ventilation system of the pool of a private house is most often separated from the main one.

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Calculation of the ventilation system

It is very important to correctly calculate the ventilation system of the pool of a private house. This will create comfort and coziness in the room. The calculations take into account various parameters. A humidity level of 65% is allowed in this room. In some cases, this parameter has to be reduced to 50.

A swimming pool is a place where there is always an excess of moisture in the air. It's unavoidable. Even when the exhaust ventilation is organized correctly, you can not count on the fact that there will be no discomfort. Of course, a person will feel much better than when she is not there. With high humidity, condensation is observed on the walls of the room. This is an unfavorable factor that must be dealt with. It's all about the right calculations.

Analytical calculations can take a person quite far. However, this does not mean at all that people themselves cannot make all the necessary calculations. Everything is done extremely simply.

First you need to determine the air flow.
indoor water and air temperature;

features of the movement of air inside the room, this parameter can greatly affect the result;

the number of people who will swim in the pool at the same time.

The number of parameters is large. All of them must be taken into account in the design process. However, it is not necessary that one of them will not take a null value. Modern design offices have a huge amount of material that allows them to make calculations for the ventilation systems of swimming pools in private houses. These parameters are obtained through many years of experiments and analytical calculations. Based on this data, an approximate or exact parametric analysis is created. It is possible to make calculations on your own, but it is not always possible to obtain a reliable result. The help of specialists working in this direction can be useful.

Pool ventilation in a private house is a key element in creating and maintaining a comfortable microclimate. The room in which it is planned to install the pool is considered specialized, and requires a special approach to the equipment of the ventilation system in it. This is extremely necessary, first of all, due to the increased humidity of the air, which, in case of poor ventilation, can provoke the formation of mold, corrosive changes in construction and finishing materials, as well as the manifestation of an unpleasant odor.

Lack of ventilation - the norm or a problem

If there is no ventilation in the pool, then after a while the owner and others, being there, will begin to notice some deterioration in well-being. It would seem that everything should be the other way around, but headache, dizziness, and later, allergic reactions and asthma attacks are possible consequences of exposure to high humidity, lack of fresh air and exposure to the human respiratory system of growing fungi and mold.

How to solve the problem of high humidity in rooms with a pool

The room is equipped with a supply and exhaust ventilation system, mainly of a duct type. The calculation of air exchange in pools is made taking into account regulatory requirements and recommendations for designing pools in cottages (SNiP).

The main requirements are:

The supply and exhaust ventilation system in pools should be autonomous, that is, not connected with the residential part of the house.
The volume of air drawn in should be 5 times greater than the inflow of fresh air.

In addition, a heater and is usually built into the ventilation system of rooms with a pool. Only in conjunction with heating and air conditioning systems, such a room can be considered safe for health, with a comfortable microclimate for sports and outdoor activities.

The water temperature in it, according to Russian standards, should be within 30 -32 degrees. European standards are somewhat lower: 28 degrees.
The air temperature in the room with the pool should be 1 - 4 degrees higher than the water temperature.
Russian standards regulate the maximum humidity in this room at 64%, but as practice has shown, for comfortable well-being, air humidity should not exceed 45-55%.
The absence of drafts in a private house with a swimming pool and the presence of good air exchange.

The construction of ventilation for a house with a pool is a complex process, with a lot of precise calculations for each parameter separately. To do this, you need to know how much moisture the pool evaporates over a specific period of time, in order to determine the required volume of supply air based on the data obtained. If, in addition to the pool, you need to calculate ventilation and living quarters, we recommend that you refer to the article on.

Calculation of the amount of evaporated moisture

If we calculate the amount of moisture that enters the ambient air in 1 hour, then we can determine the volume of supply air and the required power of the dehumidifier for a particular room. This can be done by methods of calculating the pressure difference multiplied by the evaporation rate factor. But this method is rather complicated and requires extraordinary knowledge in physics.

We will not fill your head with difficult-to-pronounce terms that are used in calculations. The most important thing to know is: the planned temperature of water and air in the room, and its utilization factor. This is the changing value on which the amount of moisture evaporated by the pool directly depends. Other data can be found in special tables.

Ventilation in the pool - an example of the calculation. An indoor pool in a private house, as a rule, will have this coefficient equal to 0.5 - 1, while in the pool of an aqua park, with people actively swimming throughout the day, the coefficient will already be 25-30. The larger the area of water, the more intense the evaporation. And the presence of a wave from actively bathing people increases the area of \u200b\u200bcontact between water and air.

But do not worry too much about such difficulties. Based on the many years of experience of many companies in the design of ventilation, we can authoritatively state that for most pools in private homes this figure varies between 200 - 300 g / m2, subject to standard air and water temperatures, as well as indoor humidity. Now everything is simple: Knowing this value, it is multiplied by the area of the pool. As a result, we have the first part of the data for the construction of effective ventilation.

But we should not forget about the power of the supply air, which is necessary to maintain a comfortable level of humidity in the room. In order to get data on the inflow, you need to know several parameters:

The amount of evaporated moisture in the room.
Moisture content in the air (outdoors).
The specific density of air at the planned temperature in the pool room.

But humidity can be a problem, as it varies with seasons and weather conditions. Most of the companies involved in such calculations use an average moisture content of 9g/kg in the ambient air. Further, everything is calculated according to the formula: the amount of moisture evaporated by the pool is divided by the difference in the water content in the indoor and outdoor air, and multiplied by the air density. The resulting figure will be the key when choosing the power of the equipment and constructing ventilation in a private house with a swimming pool.

The ventilation in the pool, the calculation of which we have shown you, will be as effective as possible if professionals take care of obtaining and analyzing the data. Believe me, we told this solely so that you understand how it all happens, and what companies that design ventilation systems take money for. In fact, they use about a dozen different data, rather sophisticated equipment and expensive software, thanks to which the most accurate result is obtained.

Independent arrangement of the pool with supply and exhaust equipment

If you still decide to do the arrangement of ventilation for the pool with your own hands, then you need to know a few basic rules for air exchange in these rooms:

Hoods are best placed in the upper part of the room, as moist and warm air rises.
Use ventilation grilles that are large enough to ensure good recirculation air velocity.
Ventilation grills should not be located at the bottom of the pool. This placement may cause you discomfort.

In addition, when arranging ventilation for a pool in a cottage, it is necessary to deal with its components. First of all, it is a supply and exhaust fan of the required power for your premises. You will also need: a certain number of ducts of the required section for the removal and inflow of air, a filter for cleaning mechanical impurities. For high-quality operation of the ventilation system, you will need a double supply valve and a device such as a "recuperator" that will help you use thermal energy most efficiently.

And finally: If you listened to our advice and still gave your preference to duct supply and exhaust devices, then pay attention to the units manufactured under the Calorex and Dantherm brands. These are companies that produce the most advanced supply and exhaust ventilation devices with a built-in heat exchanger for pools of any size.

And remember that well-designed ventilation will save you from a lot of health problems, high energy costs, and will enable you to fully active rest in your own pool long years. Contact the experts!

At the majority of the Real Estate Units, supply and exhaust ventilation primarily performs the task of ensuring efficient air exchange. For the normal well-being of people, timely and constant displacement of exhaust air and the supply of fresh air from outside is necessary. air masses rich in oxygen. Ventilation of pools has its own specifics. In addition to organizing air exchange, it allows you to maintain an optimal level of humidity. Evaporation constantly occurs from the surface of the water. If these vapors are not removed, the air humidity will exceed the maximum allowable value. This can cause poor health of bathing people and eventually lead to the destruction of building structures, the formation of fungal, mold colonies.

Construction options

The problem of reducing the moisture content in the air is solved in various ways. The basic element is supply and exhaust ventilation. If it does not cope with this task effectively enough, dehumidifiers are additionally installed - wall-mounted, channel or mobile. In addition, in some cases, in addition to installing additional equipment apply technological solutions(for example, the use of recuperation).

Basic schemes:

Supply and exhaust ventilation without dehumidifier

The exhaust ventilation circuit is located in the upper part of the room above the pool thicket. The incoming air circuit moves down, closer to the water surface, to the places where people are located.

The main advantage of this scheme is low investment in the system. However, in most situations, a ventilation system without a dehumidifier is ineffective. Most often, this scheme is used in small buildings in terms of area and height.

Supply and exhaust ventilation circuits + autonomous dehumidifier

Through the supply ventilation circuit, the air from the street enters more dehydrated than indoors. As a rule, it is equipped with a heater. It warms up the air winter time to a comfortable temperature.

Exhaust ventilation for the pool helps to remove air flows with a high percentage of humidity. In addition, a dehumidifier with a constantly functioning fan is installed separately. If the level of water vapor in the air exceeds the set allowable value, the dryer compressor is switched on.

Advantages of the method:

Low cost for equipment and installation
Ease of maintenance
Lack of specialized equipment and special technologies that require special knowledge, ease of operation

Main disadvantages:

Low efficiency due to lack of recuperation
The need to configure two subsystems at once

Supply circuit (with mixing chamber) and exhaust ventilation of the pool + autonomously functioning dehumidifier

In this case, ventilation machine, working only for inflow, is equipped with a mixing chamber. This allows you to mix the air masses removed from the room with fresh air coming from the street and increases the intensity of the flow movement. This approach allows to achieve a more uniform distribution of air masses. Exhaust ventilation is the same as in the previous scheme.

Advantages:

Ensures intense airflow and rapid reduction of humidity levels
Relatively low cost of implementation.

The disadvantages of this scheme are the same as those of a system without a mixing chamber.

Ventilation of the pool using a duct dryer with air admixture and an exhaust circuit

In this scheme, an autonomous dehumidifier is not used. There is also no air handling unit in its classic version.

The outside air moves through the duct unit, which includes a dehumidifier, a heater, a fan and a mixing chamber. The removed air masses, as in the schemes discussed above, are displaced through the exhaust ventilation unit.

Advantages:

There is no autonomous dehumidifier, which often spoils appearance premises
Convenient system management, which is carried out from a single remote control
Virtually silent operation

Flaws:

Relatively high electricity consumption;
No recovery

Ventilation in the pool when using a PES with a dehumidifier

According to this scheme, the supply and exhaust circuits, as well as the dehumidifier, are functionally and structurally combined into a common system.

An evaporator is installed on the exhaust section. Its purpose is to dry the air.

In the mixing chamber, the external oxygen-enriched air stream is mixed with the air dried by the evaporator.

After passing through the mixing chamber, the air is heated by the dehumidifier condenser and heater, after which it enters the room.

Advantages:

Economical electricity consumption
Convenient adjustment of system parameters, the ability to balance the speeds of supply and exhaust fans
Availability of a common unit for pool ventilation

The only drawback is the lack of recovery.

Air handling unit with dehumidifier and heat exchanger

This option is functionally similar to the previous scheme, but with the addition of an additional element - a recuperator. It heats the air coming in from the outside with the help of the thermal energy of the exhaust air masses from the room. At the same time, the supply and exhaust air flows themselves do not mix with each other. There is only a transfer of heat from one to another.

Advantages:

Availability of an additional source of thermal energy without any additional costs. As a result, an increase energy efficiency systems
Convenient management
balance
High energy efficiency
Balance of incoming and displaced flows

Optional equipment

In addition, depending on climatic conditions area ventilation for the pool can be supplemented with various equipment.

In areas of continental Siberia and the Far North, there are long periods with daytime temperatures at minus 20-25 degrees C. In this case, an additional high-power heater is used.

In areas with a hot climate (in our country it is south Krasnodar Territory, Astrakhan region, and in especially warm seasons - other regions of southern Russia), on the contrary, units can be installed to reduce the air temperature. These can be special air conditioners or condensing units. In addition, refrigeration dryers with a remote condenser are installed.

Ways to reduce humidity

Based on the scheme used and the types of ventilation equipment installed, high humidity can be reduced in one of two ways or by using a combination of them.

Condensation

This process occurs when dehumidifiers are running in the bathing area. Air enters the dryer. In it, due to the temperature difference, excess moisture condenses, dried and heated air masses come back into the room.

The dehumidifiers are equipped with humidity sensors. When the air humidity exceeds the maximum allowable level, the dryer compressor is switched on. The humidity indicator begins to decrease, and when it reaches its standard value, the unit turns off again.

Pool ventilation based on this method has a significant drawback. The air circulates inside the room and is not forced out. Therefore, there is no supply of oxygen-enriched air.

Assimilation

According to this principle, the supply and exhaust ventilation operates. The exhaust air saturated with water vapor is forced out of the pool. Instead, fresh air with a high oxygen content comes in from outside. In addition, assimilation contributes to the elimination of unpleasant odors that may accumulate in the pool. However, this method also has a drawback. It consists in the absence of a dehumidifier. In most cases, it needs to be installed, because in the summer when frequent rains the humidity of the incoming air can reach critical values.

Combined scheme

The most competent solution for reducing humidity above the water surface is a combination of the two methods presented above. Supply and exhaust ventilation with an installed dehumidifier provides an effective reduction of this parameter in the pool room, and at the same time organizes effective air exchange.

Pool ventilation modes

Setting the current parameters and modes is carried out at the stage of carrying out commissioning. In the future, the automation system itself sets them up - you just need to switch from one mode to another using the control panel.

In addition, the switching itself in many systems can be performed automatically when key parameters change - for example, depending on air humidity. With its increase, the ventilation of the pool works in a more intensive mode, with a decrease, the power of the equipment used, on the contrary, decreases.

There are three main modes of maintaining optimal temperature and humidity parameters in which ventilation for the pool can function.

Work mode

It is set by default when there are bathing people in the room. The amount of supply air corresponding to sanitary standards is supplied to the space above the water surface (when implementing the assimilation or combined method).

If a dehumidifier is installed, it works according to the design values.

Standby mode

Automatic controls turn off the ventilation units or put them into a standby state. There is no air flow - only the recirculation process takes place.

If the humidity of the air masses increases, then the ventilation for the pool starts to work in the operating mode. If unpleasant odors occur, the automation can be configured so that it turns on the supply of fresh air for a while for ventilation.

The standby mode of ventilation in the pool is switched on when people are not in the bathing room for a long time - at night, during business trips, while at work, at school, on vacation, etc.

Emergency mode

It is activated if the dehumidifier has a serious malfunction that leads to its failure. In this case, the supply, exhaust circuits or the combined PES (depending on the implemented scheme) are switched to work at the maximum possible power so that the assimilation of moisture compensates for the lack of condensation.

Required climatic parameters

Regardless of the chosen scheme, ventilation for swimming pools must provide the necessary climatic parameters. Among them:

Air and water temperature. It should be respectively 30 and 28 degrees C. Possible deviations: +/- 1 degree
Humidity level - not lower than 40%, but not higher than 65%. With the natural functioning of the pool, the corresponding indicator tends to the upper value and even exceeds it. The ventilation system compensates for this imbalance
Air exchange. The minimum allowable amount of fresh air supplied is 80-100 m3 per hour per person in the room
Balance of incoming and outgoing air. According to the norms of SNiP, the amount of displaced air masses should be 10-12% more than the volume of incoming air. Only in this case, humid air and possible unpleasant odors from the pool itself will not spread to the auxiliary premises
The frequency of exchange and the speed of movement of air masses. The minimum multiplicity in the pool is 6. In addition, it is necessary to ensure mobility (specific values depend on the operating conditions of the Facility), which will allow uniform air mixing and prevent the formation of condensate on building structures. Appropriate ventilation values for the indoor pool are determined at the drafting stage project documentation, performing calculations, drawing diagrams, plans, drawings

According to the requirements of Building Norms and Rules (SNiP-a), the air exchange in the pool room must be four times, that is, within an hour, all the air in the room is replaced four times.
Also, in the halls of pool baths with seats for spectators, the calculation of air exchange should be performed for two modes - with and without spectators. .

Air parameters

The ventilation system must maintain certain parameters of the air environment in the pool room:

Temperature. Not only the comfort of people depends on it, but also the rate of evaporation of moisture from the surface of the water. Therefore, the air temperature should be slightly (1-2 ° C) higher than the water temperature (if the water is warmer than the air, then the evaporation of moisture increases significantly). For private pools, the recommended air and water temperatures are 30°C and 28°C respectively. To heat the supply air to a predetermined temperature in inexpensive direct-flow systems, water or electric heaters are used. In supply and exhaust units, in order to save energy, in addition to the air heater, heat recuperators can be installed, usually based on plate heat exchangers and heat pumps (recuperators heat the supply air due to the heat of the exhaust air). If the outside air temperature can exceed the room temperature for a long time, a ventilation system with a cooling function must be used.
Humidity. This is one of the most important air parameters that affects the safety of the finishes and structural elements of the pool room. If for a long time the humidity of the air exceeds a safe level, the structural elements may become unusable - covered with rust and mold due to the formation of condensate. Therefore, during non-working hours, in order to reduce evaporation from the water surface, it is recommended to cover the surface of the pool with a film. Note that it is necessary to control and manage relative, and not absolute, humidity (moisture content). Relative humidity at a constant moisture content strongly depends on temperature, so a decrease in temperature by 1 ° C leads to an increase in humidity by 3.5%. Two methods are used to reduce air humidity:
- The assimilation of moisture by the outside air, that is, the supply of outside air into the room with low content moisture and removal of moist air from the room. This method works well in winter when the moisture content of the outside air is low. Summer in middle lane In Russia, assimilation of moisture by outdoor air is also possible, but it should be borne in mind that in hot and rainy weather, the moisture content of outdoor air may be higher than indoor air, and then this method will not work.
- Condensation drying on the surface of the evaporator. Air dehumidifiers for swimming pools work on this principle. The dehumidifier can be made as a separate unit or be built into the ventilation unit. Note that the name dryer for this unit is not entirely accurate. A more general name would be more correct: refrigerator or a refrigeration circuit, since this unit not only reduces the humidity of the air, but also transfers heat from the exhaust air to the supply air (heat pump), and when the refrigerant direction changes, it can cool the supply air.
Humidity in the pool room should be maintained at the level of 40-65%, while in the warm season more than high level humidity, since there are no cold surfaces in the room on which moisture can condense. Based on this, the recommended values of relative air humidity: up to 55% in summer, up to 45% in winter.
Amount of fresh air. The minimum volume of fresh air supplied is determined by sanitary standards (80 m³ / h per person) and the need to assimilate moisture from the air (in the absence of a dehumidifier). In summer, the volume of supplied air is usually higher than in winter, since the difference between the moisture content of indoor and outdoor air is lower during the warm period.
The ratio of supply and exhaust air. In the pool room, it is recommended to maintain a slight vacuum (the air flow rate of the exhaust system should be 10-15% higher than the supply one). This prevents the spread of humid air and odors from the pool to other rooms.
Air mobility. In contrast to residential premises, where ventilation can be switched off for some time, the pool room must be provided with constant air movement based on 6-fold air exchange. This is due to the fact that in still air, even at normal average humidity, stagnant zones form near cold surfaces, where the temperature drops below the dew point and condensation occurs. To avoid this, the air must be constantly mixed. In winter, assimilation of moisture usually does not require such an amount of outside air, therefore, to ensure the necessary mobility, a ventilation unit with a mixing chamber is used (it contains external and indoor air mixed in a predetermined proportion and fed into the room). We also note that when choosing the location of the air diffusers, it should be taken into account that the air flow should pass along cold surfaces (usually vertically along the windows), but at the same time there should be no drafts in the bathing area, since this not only creates discomfort for pool visitors, but also significantly enhances moisture evaporation.

You can read more about the parameters of the air environment and the rules for designing ventilation systems in the pool room in the already mentioned recommendations ABOK 7.5-2012.

Operating modes of the ventilation unit

In modern specialized air handling units with a digital automation system, all operating modes are configured once during commissioning. The user does not need to change anything in the system settings in the future: to control it, it will be enough for him to switch the operating and standby modes of operation (this can be done both from the remote control and using a conventional switch for these purposes).

If a ventilation unit with a simplified automation system or a model not designed for this purpose is used to ventilate the pool, then the user will have to independently control the fan speed and the operation mode of the heater, set the air humidity depending on the season, and change other settings. And such a ventilation system, due to suboptimal settings, most likely will not allow maintaining a comfortable microclimate with the lowest possible energy consumption.

Specialized models of air handling units for swimming pools operate in two main modes:

Work mode(may also be called Day mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates during the operation of the pool, when there are people in the room, while the predetermined amount of outside air is constantly supplied to the room (not below the sanitary standard). Dehumidification can be carried out both by the assimilation of moisture by the outside air, and by a combined method (assimilation + condensation dehumidification of the air). In the second case, the power consumption will be lower.
Standby mode(may also be called Night Mode). In this mode, the ventilation unit operates when there are no people in the room. Outside air is not supplied to the room, the ventilation unit operates in recirculation mode (this allows you to save energy without spending it on heating the outside air). At the same time, automation constantly monitors air humidity and, when it rises above a predetermined level, turns on the compressor of the refrigeration circuit for condensation dehumidification (if the ventilation unit has a dehumidifier), or supplies outside air to assimilate moisture (if there is no dehumidifier). The ventilation unit can have an adjustable ventilation mode in the Standby mode - once a day, fresh air is briefly supplied to the room so that unpleasant odors do not accumulate there.

Some models have emergency mode work. If a built-in or stand-alone dehumidifier malfunctions and the air humidity rises above a critical level, the outside air supply is increased to assimilate the moisture.

You can find more details about each mode of operation and equipment features in the documentation on the manufacturers' websites.

Recuperator

The recuperator (air-to-air heat exchanger) is a steel box through which counterflows of fresh outdoor and dirty exhaust air pass through channels separated by a thin steel sheet. There is an exchange of heat, due to which the cold outdoor air is slightly heated due to the outgoing polluted air.

The main function of the heat exchanger is to save heat, which is necessary for heating the supply air in winter. we take the air from the street cold. Heat savings by the recuperator is simply colossal, but it is effective only in pools with a water surface of more than 40m2.

To understand this, you need to refer to the modes of operation of the pool ventilation. The pool ventilation system is calculated for 4 operating modes:

Summer Winter.
Day/Night (or operation/idle)

Summer. In summer, the air outside is warm and humid, so it is supplied to the pool without heating, bypassing the heater and heat exchanger. The moisture content in outdoor air in summer is very high - 12.8 g/kg. Therefore, in order to remove moisture from the pool with already humid outdoor air, it is necessary to blow the pool room with a large volume of air, i.e. take not quality, but quantity.

Winter. The situation is reversed. The air outside is cold and needs to be heated to supply it to the pool, but the main thing is that it is very dry. Its moisture content is only 0.39 g/kg, i.e. 32 times drier than the air in summer, which means that the amount of such air to drain the pool is several times less. Thus, for dehumidification of air by ventilation in a pool with a water area of 25 m2, in summer you need about 3000 m3/h of air, and in winter - only 400 m3/h, which is 7.5 times less.

The air intake in winter simply reduces the speed. It is necessary to heat up only 400 m3/h, and the efficiency and payback of the heat exchanger comes at air volumes of more than 1000 m3/h. Such a volume of air for draining the pool in winter may be needed only if the water surface area is more than 40 m2.

It is worth thinking carefully and buying a pool heat exchanger only with plasticized plates. They will protect the heat exchanger from moisture. And the payback of the recuperator comes at least after 2 years of use.

If you really want to save heat in the ventilation system, provide shutters to close the pool water surface after hours. So you can reduce the moisture emission of the pool, and therefore reduce both the volume of air and the consumption of the ventilation system by 70%.

Air handling unit with bypass channel

Bypass channel or recirculation from the word "compass" - a circle. We simply mix the exhaust air with the supply air. Why? - You should ask me this question by phone if you order the design of a commercial pool with a water surface area of more than 80 m2.

Supply and exhaust units (separate)

In this case, we have the opportunity to more flexibly approach the placement of ventilation system equipment. We make separate supply and exhaust installations. They take up a lot less space than systems with a recuperator. May be located in different rooms, for example, in the attic, in the basement and even in false ceiling the pool itself. The supply unit, operating in 2 modes, supplies 3000m3/h in summer, and heats and supplies only 400m3/h in winter. The exhaust unit throws moist air outside, and the heating cable on the street grates protects them from the formation of icicles.

This is the simplest and most efficient scheme pool ventilation. Air dehumidification is a technologically very troublesome process. The air must first be cooled, then heated.
Why do we need this if moist air can simply be thrown out into the street? To heat 400 m3/h of air, only 7.5 kW of thermal energy from the boiler is needed (not to be confused with power consumption) and this is at -25 ° C outside.