Secrets of stationery glue: what it is made of and why. The chemical composition and functional features of various types of glue What good glue stick

Clay has become a companion of human life for a very long time. The first glue, according to archaeologists, appeared 9.5 thousand years BC. It was made from various components of animal origin. Bones and tendons, fish scales and natural resins were the main components of the adhesive mass. Stationery glue has become the most common, as it is used by the population from young to old.

Making Glue

Brew from natural materials and animal waste our ancestors used until the 20th century.

When science began to develop rapidly, people's knowledge of the quality and properties of materials and substances expanded, and artificial components began to appear to create glue. The first who received a patent for the invented glue was the chemist Leo Baekeland. This happened in 1901. And in 1909, according to his patents, phenol-formaldehyde adhesives with electrical conductivity began to be mass-produced. Stationery glue appeared in the late thirties - early 40s of the last century.

Now high-tech equipment is used for the production of glue. The process is becoming more and more automated. On the modern factory can carry out the complete process, from the production of a bottle to the labeling of a bottle.

Modern market

Every year, the chemical industry produces more than 100 million packs of stationery adhesive.

Sales turnover at the end of the year is estimated at at least $10 million. Manufacturers say that the demand for stationery glue is not growing, but is at a stable level. The form in which the product is promoted is changing. There are new types of pencils, stickers and tapes with high adhesive characteristics. The highest quality products are produced by such countries: South Korea, Russia, Malaysia and Germany.

Appointment of glue

The main purpose of any adhesive is to connect two surfaces. All of them differ in their composition and purpose. They have a different smell, color, they are drying and non-drying. Stationery glue is used for gluing paper of various densities and cardboard. It can also be used for domestic purposes.

Characteristics of clerical glue:

• Drying out.
• Frost resistant.
• Transparent or white.
• May be liquid or solid.

The manufacturer must obtain a quality certificate for clerical glue. The composition is tested for toxicity and compliance with environmental requirements.

Types of stationery glue

Glue of a liquid type happens: silicate and clerical.

PVA glue is also well known to builders and furniture makers.

Options for using PVA glue.

• Used for
• Holds the carpet well to the floor.
• Reliable when attaching linoleum.
• Used for gluing facing tiles.
• It will be useful when gluing wallpaper.
• Add to primer and putty, to water-based paint.

PVA glue has gained popularity due to its non-toxicity, fire safety, high adhesive power and ease of use. They can glue paper, leather, glass, fabric, plastic, metal.

Stationery stores amaze with a wealth of choice. And if for experienced artists and creative people in general this is a virtue, then beginner craft lovers can really get confused. And even such a simple thing as stationery glue is found in a variety of forms from many manufacturers. Most often, parents whose children go to elementary school face difficulties in choosing glue. You need to choose a tool suitable for creating simple crafts. At the same time, it should be convenient to use, safe, dry quickly and securely fasten the elements.

Types of glue

Stationery glue is available in three main forms:

• pencil;
• silicate.

Silicate glue was popular in Soviet times - for lack of much choice. Now it is still found in stores, but it is not in the same demand. Now that it has become possible to compare it with other types, it has become clear that the silicate substance has many disadvantages.

• After drying, the applied layer of glue changes color (which makes it completely unsuitable for creative work).
• The hardened adhesive layer is very fragile.
• When using such a tool, you should not hesitate - the composition dries very quickly in air.
• In addition, when working with this species, care must be taken - there is a high risk of burns if the substance gets into the eyes.

PVA glue is more familiar to consumers. He is lightweight. It is also less toxic than its predecessor. Of course, when using, you also need to be careful, but you can not be afraid of such terrible consequences.

The glue stick is the most convenient to use - the child will definitely not get dirty while creating crafts. In addition, it dries very quickly. But this type of fastening of large elements is not as reliable as liquid substances.

Compound

Such differences in the properties and form of release certain types adhesives are explained by the difference in compositions.

Silicate glue, as its name implies, consists of aqueous solutions of various silicates. Silicate is silicic acid. Typically, glue is made from a combination of such an acid and sodium or potassium. Lithium is rarely used.

Stationery PVA glue has a completely different composition. It is made from polyvinyl acetate dissolved in water. It is a transparent substance that is odorless. To improve the quality of the adhesive, plasticizers are added to it.

There are two types of glue stick, which differ in composition:

• based on PVA, in which water acts as a humidifier;
• from polyvinylpyrrolidone. In this case, glycerin is used as a moisturizer.

Do not buy PVP glue for creativity. It belongs to professional products because of its frost resistance. For crafts, ordinary PVA is also suitable.

Specifications

To begin, consider General characteristics, which are applicable for all varieties of clerical glue:

• a large list of areas in which this tool can be used;
• fast drying;
• no pungent odor;
• economical consumption.

Let's take a closer look at the areas of application. Most often, stationery glue is used when working with paper. Therefore, it is most popular with office workers, schoolchildren and students.

But this tool is suitable and not only for simple gluing of sheets. You can’t do without it when creating applications from paper. In addition, this type of glue will help hold cardboard, wooden elements, small bulky items like beads and buttons together.

Characteristics of liquid glue:

• dries a little longer than its counterparts in sticks;
• fastens elements more reliably;
• more suitable for working with dense materials, since when applied, for example, to thin paper, it can deform it.

Characteristics of the glue stick:

• dries quickly;
• due to the application in a thin layer and consistency, it does not fix parts so reliably.

Manufacturers

Consider the most famous companies that produce stationery glue.

• attachment. This company does not skimp on the types of glue produced - the assortment includes silicate, and PVA, and a pencil. At the same time, the manufacturer recommends using silicate glue for gluing paper and cardboard, for decorative work. PVA glue, according to him, is also suitable for application to wood. The tool in the form of a pencil will cope with photographic paper.
• Kores. The assortment of glue of this company is much richer. There is also a classic glue stick. His distinguishing feature- setting time. It dries in thirty seconds. At the same time, the substance is easy to rinse and wash with water without additional cleaners. There are also unusual varieties of funds. For example, silicate glue with sparkles. Or a colored pencil that becomes transparent as it dries. A glue roller is also available.
• Erich Krause. All types of glue are also produced under this brand. Silicate, for example, is available both in regular packaging and in a convenient bottle with a roller applicator. PVA is also produced in the form of a roller. Pencil glue is ordinary, but there is also a “chameleon” that changes color.

Conclusion

Without clerical glue, it is difficult to imagine the life of office workers, students and schoolchildren. However, it is used not only for simple fastening of sheets of paper. With this tool, you can create real works of art. This glue will securely fix paper, cardboard, wood and beads.

There are three main varieties - silicate glue, PVA and pencil. The last two are the most popular.

The debate about what to use to increase the adhesion of the table in FDM printing will not die down soon, if at all. Not much has been written about this. Well, we will add a little. However, unlike many speakers, we will try not to give birth to another accordion "I liked it, I didn't like it", but let's go from the other side and answer why I like this glue, I don't like this one and how to choose a glue stick if the ones mentioned are not on sale.

Go...

Like many in the search for adhesion, we have tried a lot. There were hairsprays (Preles, Taft strong and super-strong fixation), adhesive tapes, various glasses (frosted and unmotivated, tempered and ordinary), eco-naset adhesives (analogous to polystyrene titanium, but water-based) and industrial 3M, which used to make tape. Yes, we, like many, read 3D-today and noticed that many printed on what remains after tearing off various self-adhesives. Tried to apply PVA glue. Thin and thick layer. Tried various apps. Including spatulas iron and rubber. bought PVA glue with a roller like a writing pen. But it wasn't all...

We decided to adopt the imported experience and began to look for where to buy this glue (there is no live photo):

This adhesive comes with Cubex printers, which do not have a heated bed in principle, but print (quite successfully) from ABS. But they do have a heat chamber. In Russia, it costs 1,500 rubles, and therefore we began to look for it abroad and, in connection with this, began to communicate with printers from the other side of the border.

So they pointed me in the right direction. According to them, the whole of Europe has been printing on UHU glue for a long time. Well, why are we worse? And we are worse because the glue sold there on every corner in Russia is in great short supply. I had to find out what this UHU is good for and look for its analogue here and in China.

As you already understood, UHU is a stationery glue stick for paper/fabric/cardboard, BUT based on PVP. We went shopping and started reading the labels on every glue stick we saw. The search was delayed because very, very many manufacturers do not write the composition. A pleasant discovery was a glue stick from OfficeSpace worth 20 rubles per 20 grams. No, it's not PVP. He is PVA! Bought. Its use confirmed that we are on the right track. Easy to apply. Printing is possible immediately after application. The layer is thin and the quality of the bottom of the model was taken off the glass. If you spread three or four layers, then you can not renew the coating before printing. Washes off easily warm water. Holds excellent and ABS and PLA. But we wanted UHU or similar and continued our search by trying "along the way" adhesives that we came across. And they were not few. What is left (all outsiders were given to colleagues):

As you noticed we found it! And UHU glue came to us for a test! This miracle glue costs more than 100 rubles! But already money was not a pity.

Here it is in all its glory:

I think it's clear that a lot of work has been done, but the results will be subjective. no tests yet. In the near future, this handsome man will come for 500 rubles:

and we will check whether our opinion coincides with the testimony of real tests.

To discuss the test plan. Divide working area printer on the area. We apply adhesives on them and print a strip 3x270 50 mm high from ABS. Let's see which one comes off first. We repeat the experiment without him in a similar way and identify the winner. If there is time, we will try the Olympic system. We declare the test as a qualification, divide the results into two parts and compare them in pairs. This kind of testing is time consuming. According to our calculations, the first round will take at least 6 hours, and there are many applicants. So, let's begin...

Berlingo red and ErichKrause blue will not participate in the tournament:

They didn't show themselves.

But the "brother" of the red Berlingo with a white label and, according to the manufacturer, with an improved formula will participate in the test:

White, although not specified anywhere, is based on PVP. Holds very tight. If you heat the table by more than 80 degrees, then it is very difficult to remove it from the table (and we stopped at the mirror). You have to soak in a bowl of water for half an hour.

UHU and the aforementioned Open Space will definitely participate, even though it is in a different league.

But the main favorite to win the competition with a specialized Japanese for us is Auchan glue for 50 rubles in the store of the same name:

We mainly use it. Berlingo white is characterized by high consumption. Although UHU allows you to work with a cold table (even with ABS), it also has a high flow rate and has an uncomfortable tube. Glue must constantly be driven back, and the lid must be screwed on. Uncomfortable.

Ashanovsky glue is deprived of all shortcomings. Works from 40 degrees. Very little expense. Holds tight. We assume that such results were achieved not only by using the PVP base, but also by adding acrylic resin to the composition, which is more than 20%. Like everything, it is easily washed off with warm water. Holds from one layer. In general, we are extremely satisfied with them and recommend them to everyone. Maybe before the tests we will find and evaluate Kalyaka-Malyaka and she will also take part in the tests. But we are sure that the color has nothing to do with it.

TOTAL (Conclusion if you want): If you want to print without additional difficulties and with a guaranteed result, then use a PVP-based glue stick to increase adhesion.

These adhesives include (according to the Internet): AMOS, VGR, Scholz (with green cap), Buromax (BM.4906, BM.4907, BM.4908, BM.4909), BIC, Donau, PILOT, Stanger, 3M ( Scotch brand, Cristal is especially good), UHU.

If you are used to PVA and want to make your life easier (according to the Internet): 4Office, Economix, Eagle, Skiper, Buromax (BM.4901, BM.4903, BM.4904, BM.4905), Scholz (with yellow cover) Leo. If you still want liquid PVA, then use it with the letter "M". He is the strongest.

All good prints. Wait for the test. he will definitely be.

What glue to choose for applique classes with children?

What do we have to choose from?

In the last millennium, starch paste was cooked for appliqué classes in kindergartens. But now you will not meet this - and thank God - it was a very inappropriate option. At the same time, I will also be glad that silicate glue has practically come out of use. Yes, silicate glue is considered "clerical", and for office work, it may be suitable. But not for children! Silicate glue is a strong, aggressive alkali, it’s even scary to think about getting such a substance into the eyes or mucous membranes.

Today, children glue pictures mainly with either PVA glue or glue-pencil. I vote with both hands for the glue stick.

Why not white glue? - they will tell me, - Great thing - we always use it!

But here the thing is that children and adults do it differently. A child gluing an application with PVA glue is a ready-made plot for Yeralash.

To begin with, liquid glue is usually packaged “for convenience” in bottles with a pipette on which the cap is screwed on. If there was spilled glue on the thread, then, as a rule, it hardens and the cover dries. The child first twists the cork with his hands, then clings to his teeth. In the end, badly bitten, the cork is removed.

But then it turns out that in the narrow channel of the pipette, the glue also froze and does not drip. Gotta clean it up. The most prudent children bring with them various “ramrods” from home, such as safety pins. And so, everyone glues the application, and the one who has PVA picks with the tip of a pin in the spout of the bottle. The first time it didn’t work out - the glue still doesn’t drip. The child again begins to drill with a pin, then takes it out and checks it by pressing hard on the bottle - that's when the glue spurts out. I won’t say that it’s definitely in the face, no, it usually just gets on your hands and spreads like a puddle on the table with the application. Prudent children even bring large napkins. Unforeseen ... wipe with a rag for the board.

Well, hands are washed, the table is wiped, half a lesson has passed, and you can get to work.

What is the pin doing in this photo? Like something - violates . Poking around in the spout of glue, we just threw it open on the table - all of a sudden we need more.

Glue flows out of the spout of the bottle in a relatively thin stream, but it is quite thick and lies in a roller. You need to spread it in a thin layer. How? Prudent children bring bristle brushes. Unforeseen - they pull out a squirrel brush from a set of paints, and then, having worked and, without washing off the glue, put the brush back. Others simply tear off a piece of paper and smear glue on it. The laziest stick simply, without smearing. I did just that. So what? - a bead of glue immediately came out from under the part.

Okay, the second part I will smear less and try to mask these smudges with it.

Nothing happened - glue also crawled out from under the second leaf.

To tell the truth, when it dries, it becomes (usually) transparent and hardly noticeable. But. But PVA is a water-soluble glue, and the paper warps from it. The sheet on which I pasted my application led. It will no longer be smooth and flat.

A completely different picture when working with glue stick.

However, I’ll start from afar - there are also many types of glues for pencils. There are domestic, there are Chinese, there are European.

Now dyed are in vogue. Yes! - a lilac color rod gives a lilac smear. Then this color disappears, but at first it looks very unaesthetic. Maybe this is intended to teach children to be careful, so that they can see with their own eyes where they smeared in vain, but this goal is contradicted by the low quality of this purple glue itself - it is smeared with lumps. In general, I do not advise you to buy such colored glues for children, no matter how cool they look.

Previously, I bought only domestic glue sticks and advocated only for them. But after one day she was forced to perform a large and hard work only with the use of German Erich Krause glue, and it turned out much better, stronger and better than I would have expected when working with other glues, I became a true adherent of German glue sticks.

What else to say in conclusion of the article about the implementation of applications by children? I remembered! Whatever glue you use, so as not to smear the table or apply glue to the part in weight, lay the paper. I use my own thermal pad. This small, easy-to-clean piece of plastic helps me out remarkably - glue does not get on the desktop.

Marina Novikova told you about what glue is best to use for making applications with children.

In the creation of handmade products, in the office and at the school desk, you cannot do without stationery glue. This substance holds paper together different types cardboard, photographic paper, creations with it self made decorated with ribbons, beads, buttons. Stationery glue is also used in everyday life, as some of its types can glue leather and wood. What is the composition of the adhesive specifications, and what forms it provides us modern industry- read on.

Glue and its types

Man discovered and used the adhesive substance already 11 thousand years ago. At first it was made from components of animal origin. Now there are effective formulations with artificial components. They are safe and can be used for children's creativity.

Stationery glue, although it has one main task - to glue objects - is presented on the market in several forms that differ in composition and appearance. What glue can be found on the counter today:

• liquid,
• spray,
• ribbon.

It is conditionally possible to divide stationery glue into liquid and solid. The liquid type includes PVA and. The solid comes in the form of a stick-on roller. Of the types of products that have recently appeared on the market, adhesive web tape should be distinguished. It is used in applications for gluing fabric and leather by heating with an iron. Aerosol adhesive spray is easy to use: it is easy to apply and evenly distributed over the paper.

Specifications

Stationery glue has many forms that differ in appearance, composition and application. However, you can identify the general technical characteristics of the substance:

• glue is of mineral origin,
• universal in its field of application (for any type of paper, cardboard, decorative elements),
• dries quickly
• does not emit unpleasant odors,
• economically spent
• frost-resistant.

The color of the substance varies from transparent to white and yellowish. When dry good glue becomes transparent. The differences are also in the rules of operation and storage periods.

Important! Although the manufacturer claims that eating any type of adhesive product will not cause harm to a person, you should still carefully protect the substance from small children, and explain the rules of use to those who start using it.

Compound

The name PVA universal glue stands for polyvinyl acetate. Water solution of this substance - and there is stationery glue. The composition also includes plasticizers and modifying additives. The consistency and color of the glue resembles liquid sour cream. PVA is found in three types of packaging: a regular tube, packaging with a dispenser cap or a special brush. The second and third species are stored longer.

Silicate glue is used much less often. It is potassium or sodium hemisilicates dissolved in water. It is based on liquid glass. The low popularity of this type is due to the fact that the glued paper begins to turn yellow over time, unlike PVA, which remains colorless.

Solid stationery adhesive is also made from polyvinyl acetate (PVA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). This type is more convenient than others: it cannot be shed. It is difficult to accidentally deform the paper with it: the pencil contains glycerin, which ensures the smooth sliding of the roller over the surface. However, this form is not universal: it is possible to glue paper, cardboard and some types of textiles with high quality. For working with wood and.

Spray adhesive allows you to work with paper, textiles, polystyrene, wood. The spray is easy to apply, does not leave stains, does not smell.

Advice! If you need to fix a spray-bonded work, you can do so within 12 hours.

Application

Adhesive mass, whether it is a bottle of liquid PVA or modern pencils and tapes, finds many applications both in everyday life and in creativity.

1. Its main task is gluing paper, cardboard. Resistant compositions are suitable for working with plastic, wood, decorative elements.
2. Indispensable glue for children's creativity: in kindergartens and primary schools the substance is necessary for creating applications, crafts - that is, for the realization of children's fantasies. You can glue not only paper, but also other items: buttons, beads, leaves and tree branches, fabric.
3. Handmade lovers also cannot do without an adhesive mass. The substance is used in such types of arts and crafts as scrapbooking, decoupage and papier-mâché.
4. In offices, it is especially convenient to use a glue stick for gluing documents.
5. PVA glue is also used in construction: for example, it is added to putty to improve the bonding of building materials.

Previously, glue was made from animal ingredients. It could be the bones and tendons of fish, fish scales. The composition of the glue included natural resins. Artificial components began to be included in the composition only at the beginning of the 20th century. The appearance of stationery glue, as we know it, dates back to the early 40s of the 20th century.

Is glue safe for children? When working with a substance, especially in liquid form, it is easy to get your fingers dirty. Glue washes off easily skin, without bringing him the slightest harm, since its chemical composition is absolutely safe. To prevent the glue from contacting the skin at all, you can use a pencil or spray.

Modern industry has done everything for the convenience of working with materials for the office, school and creativity. Choose a convenient form of stationery glue and do not worry about the quality result of working with paper.