Aups: decryption. automatic fire alarm installation: installation and maintenance

Fire alarm - aggregate technical means, designed to detect a fire, process, transmit a fire notice in a given form, special information and (or) issue commands to turn on automatic fire extinguishing installations and turn on executive installations of smoke protection systems, technological and engineering equipment and other fire protection devices.

Warning and evacuation management system - a set of organizational measures and technical means designed to timely inform people about the occurrence of a fire, the need to evacuate, ways and sequence of evacuation.

fire detector - a technical tool designed to generate a fire signal.

Fire alarm - a technical device designed to alert people about a fire.

Automatic fire alarm system.

The automatic fire alarm system (hereinafter APS) is divided into three main types:

Analog APS is able to determine the source of fire by the name of the fire alarm loop, which can contain up to several dozen fire detectors. This is a disadvantage of this system, since it is impossible to determine with great accuracy the immediate location of the fire. The advantage of this system is the low cost of equipment and system elements, ease of implementation commissioning as well as low maintenance costs. This type of alarm system is suitable for buildings with a small area and buildings with a small number of protected rooms.

Address threshold APS- uses addressing at the level of individual blocks (modules) of APS, which are installed close to the protected zones and interconnected by a two-wire line. Due to this, there is a reduction in the cost of cable products and the cost of implementation installation work. The advantage of this system is the definition of the service area by one APS loop with an individual address in the system.

Addressable analog APS- a system that provides the ability to adjust the operation of the system as a whole, depending on the characteristics of the object. The system is capable of high precision indicate the source of fire in the building and collect and process data on the state of the object and system. These systems use detectors that are capable of providing information about the parameters that the detector controls and about its status in this moment, such as smoke, dust, temperature, in real time. The advantages of this system include all the advantages of the APS threshold system, but with higher rates. The disadvantage of this system is the cost of the system components, but their number can be reduced by up to two times compared to analog systems. This system suitable for buildings with a large area and number of storeys, as well as for a complex of buildings.

Addressable radio channel APS- a system that, in essence and functions, is an analog addressable APS, the only difference is that the detectors communicate with the control panel via radio channel lines. Suitable for buildings where installation cable channels on ceilings and walls are unacceptable, such as churches, museums and buildings of architectural and historical value.

Types of fire detectors

By way of actuation fire detectors (hereinafter PI) are divided into automatic and manual.

By type of controlled sign of fire automatic PIs are divided into the following types :

thermal - fire detector responding to a certain temperature value and (or) its rate of increase.

smoke - fire detector that reacts to particles of solid or liquid products of combustion and (or) pyrolysis in the atmosphere

flame - automatic fire detector that responds to electromagnetic radiation from a flame or a smoldering hearth.

.

gas - fire detector that reacts to gases released during smoldering or burning materials

combined - a fire detector that responds to two or more fire factors.

.

According to the configuration of the measuring zone smoke PI subdivided into:

point - fire detector reacting to fire factors in a compact area.

linear - fire detector responding to fire factors in an extended, linear zone.

According to the configuration of the measuring zone, thermal PI subdivided into:

toche real – fire engineth detector reacting to fire factors in a compact area.

many spectacles - then automatic detectors, sensesthe elements of which are a set of point sensors of discretetno located along the line.

lineare - (thermal cable)

Choice of fire detectors

The choice of fire detectors is carried out depending on the type and purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load (see Table 1).

Table 1

The choice of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load

Warning and evacuation control system in case of fire (SOUE).

The main purpose of the warning system is to warn people in the building about a fire or other emergency, as well as coordination of their actions during the evacuation. SOUE is a set of organizational measures and technical means designed to solve these problems.

Depending on the method of notification, the division of the building into warning zones and other characteristics, the SOUE is divided into 5 types.

Table number 2

Characteristic various types SOUE

Notes:

1 "+" - required; "*" - allowed; "-" - not required.

Thus, according to table No. 2:

1st type SOUE includes obligatory sirens (tinted signals), and also allows the use of light flashing annunciators and the "EXIT" display.

2nd type SOUE includes obligatory sirens (tinted signals) and the "EXIT" board, and also allows the use of light flashing annunciators andevacuation fire safety signs indicating the direction of movement.

3rd type SOUE transmission of special texts) and the board "EXIT",fire safety evacuation signs indicating the direction of movement, division of the building into fire warning zones, Feedback fire warning zones with a fire control room, and also allows the use of a siren (tinted signals), light flashing annunciators.

4th type of SOUE includes necessarily voice annunciators (transmission of special texts), board "EXIT",fire safety evacuation signs indicating the direction of movement, division of the building into fire warning zones, feedback of fire warning zones with the fire control room,and also allows the use of a siren (tinted signals), light flashing annunciators,light annunciators indicating the direction of movement of people, with a changing semantic meaning, the possibility of implementing several options for evacuation from each fire warning zone.

5th type of SOUE includes necessarily voice annunciators (transmission of special texts), board "EXIT",division of the building into fire warning zones, feedback of fire warning zones with the fire control room, the possibility of implementing several options for evacuation from each fire warning zone, coordinated control from one fire control room of all building systems related to ensuring the safety of people in case of fire,and also allows the use of a siren (tinted signals),evacuation fire safety signs indicating the direction of movement,flashing lights,light annunciators indicating the direction of movement of people, with a changing semantic meaning.

a B C)

d) e)

Figure 1 "Fire alarms"

a) - sound annunciator; b) - board "EXIT"; c) - light (light-sound) annunciator; d) - voice annunciator; e) -fire safety evacuation sign indicating the direction of travel.

large industrial or civilian objects are obliged to take care of the safety of people and property located on their territory. It should be understood that in the event of a fire, fire extinguishers alone may not be enough if the fire covers a large area.

Often the source of fire is located deep in the building or is inaccessible to fire escapes, which increases the time required to extinguish the fire and reduces the chances of people present in the building for a successful outcome.

To date, the forefront automatic fire alarm installations (AUPS), which warn of a fire in the building and start automatic fire extinguishing systems.

The principle and algorithm of the AUPS

Modern alarm systems are a complex, high-tech solution to ensure the fire safety of facilities. Despite the fact that the AUPS is not directly involved in the process of extinguishing a fire, its functions are to warn people about a fire and create conditions for their safe evacuation.

The alarm sequence is as follows:

1. Locate the source of fire or smoke.
2. Notify the employee on duty and declare a general alarm in the building.
3. Take steps to safely evacuate people.
4. Start the fire extinguishing system if open fire is detected.

At objects of different purposes and sizes, a specific type of AUPS is installed - from the simplest sound alarm to the organization of global solutions: zoning of the territory of the facility with the arrangement of separate signaling systems for each block, and others.

What does an automatic fire alarm system consist of?

Although the APS is designed individually for each facility, the following components are invariably present in the system:

1. Reception and control point or PPC. The central element of any alarm system, which receives signals from sensors that detect fire factors, and, based on the information received, coordinates the further work of the APS.
2. Control panel - wall panel, which visually displays the operation of the sensors. This device also allows remote control of the fire extinguishing system.
3. Fire detectors (PI). Their role is in capturing fire factors, generating an alarm signal and transmitting it to the control panel. Depending on the type of recognized event, PIs are:
   • smoke;
   • thermal;
   • flame;
   • combined.
4. Alarm devices. Form a signal of a certain type:
   • speech;
   • light;
   • sound;
   • combined, -

to inform people about the fire.

1. Additional power supply. Provides operation of the system when the centralized power supply is turned off. The transition from main power to autonomous power occurs automatically.
2. Cables or fire alarm loops (SHPS) that combine the AUPS into one.

At facilities where, according to the project, it is advisable to install a wireless AUPS, additionally install routers (routers) and repeaters (repeaters serve to amplify the router signal in hard-to-reach and remote areas).

Types of AUPS

Since all objects where it is required to install an alarm system differ in purpose, size, fire hazard, number of people present and other parameters, the AUPS will not be the same for them.

There are 3 main types of fire alarm installations:

The structure of the threshold, non-address signaling is radial, i.e. the loops with detectors diverge from the control panel in a circle.

It is usually used in small areas and low fire risk objects, for example, in residential buildings, since the system cannot accurately determine the location of the triggered detector.

The topology of the system location is ring.

It is used at general purpose facilities with the same type of premises, such as:

1. Threshold fire alarm. The simplest for today in the performance of AUPS. The control panel determines the magnitude of the current in the loop, on the basis of which it is possible to recognize only two events: fire or normal. Also, the “attention” and “fault” modes are configured in order to receive service messages about a false alarm of the detector or its failure.
2. Address-threshold AUPS. The main difference between such a system and the previous one is the ability to determine the exact location of a triggered detector. Accordingly, each PI is connected to the control panel using an individual cable, and can indicate such states as: normal, fire, attention, malfunction, dustiness (maintenance required), break, test, disabled, disarmed, armed. The receiving device cyclically checks the status of all detectors.
   • offices;
   • shopping centers;
   • medical institutions;
   • educational organizations.
3. Address-analogue system. The most progressive type of AUPS to date. In this system, the fire decision is made not by the PI, but by the PPK. Thus, the control panel has more complex structure while simultaneously performing a number of important functions:
   • continuous polling of PI;
   • analysis of the received data;
   • comparing information with predetermined threshold values;
   • making a decision about the state of the facility.

The system configuration can be ring. In this case, even in the event of a line break, it will break up into 2 independent loops, and will fully retain its performance.

In addressable analog AUPS, the percentage of false system starts is significantly reduced. Another advantage is the ability to accurately determine the location of the fire.

The arrangement of such a system is justified at large facilities, complexes that include several buildings:

• shopping and entertainment complexes;
• industrial facilities;
• business centers;
• hotel complexes;
• unique buildings and structures.

Advantages of addressable analog AUPS

On the basis of addressable analog systems, it is possible to build the most efficient and functional automatic fire alarm systems even at the most complex facilities. To do this, use multi-criteria fire detectors that can respond to several fire factors at once: smoke, gas, heat. This allows you to detect a fire at the earliest stages and overcome the fire with minimal losses.

The use of high-quality combined PIs is the minimization of the number of false positives of the system, since the sensor does not respond to interference factors other than fire - steam, dust, aerosols, tobacco or theater smoke.

Modern addressable analog systems have another advantage - they are able to carry out long-term monitoring of parameters. Over a long period of time, the AUPS remembers the average level of values, on the basis of which the system itself subsequently compensates for deviations of the boundary point that occur due to changes in external conditions.

Features of installation and the need for maintenance of AUPS

Before installing detectors and other AUPS components, the entire system must be designed. Engineers of specialized companies licensed to conduct similar works and experience in their implementation.

When installing AUPS, it is necessary to take into account its connection with other systems, communications and electrical equipment in the building - elevators, ventilation, SOUE, access control, fire extinguishing, security alarm and others.

As for the maintenance of the fire alarm, work in this direction is necessary to maintain the system's operability, keep it in good condition and ensure the required level of facility security.

According to current fire safety regulations, many warehouse and industrial buildings, office buildings and various institutions must be protected with aupt. Therefore, a detailed decoding of the aupt is required. These are automatic fire extinguishing installations that are triggered when the fire exceeds the standard values ​​in the protected area. Automatic settings perform functions. They can be activated automatically or manually.

Automatic installation of water fire extinguishing in a warehouse

Any objects can be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations when personnel are located in protected objects or it is impossible to eliminate the fire using primary means.

AUPT should ensure the achievement of the following goals:

• elimination of fire at the facility before the appearance of critical indicators of fire resistance of structures;
• elimination of fire at the facility before the appearance of critical indicators of fire hazards;
• elimination of fire at the facility before the risk of destruction appears technological equipment;
• elimination of fire at the facility before causing maximum damage to property.

The type of fire extinguishing composition, the method of its supply and the type of AUPT are established based on the space-planning decisions of the object, the type of combustible material and characteristics environment. Often, ignition can occur in hard-to-reach areas for the delivery of foam and dispersed fire extinguishing compositions, which are supplied using stationary installations with the appearance of "shadow" areas. Therefore, stationary installations provide only localization of the source of ignition. There is also other equipment designed to localize a fire (these are automatic fireproof doors and shutters, water curtains, etc.). Therefore, it is additionally recommended to use in the elimination of localized fires for the operational areas of the fire department.

Varieties of aupt

Many of us are wondering: what is the aupt system? There are many varieties of automatic fire extinguishing installations. These include gas, powder and water AUPT.

The use of a certain type of equipment depends on the volume or area of ​​​​the room, the type of fire load, the type of protected devices, the possibility of replenishing, using and storing fire extinguishing composition.

Water installations

The extinguishing agent used is water, which may include additives. Often used in surface fire suppression in hotels, department stores, warehouses, etc. The main advantage of such systems is safety for humans. Effective way extinguishing a fire is considered to be extinguishing with water because of its reliability, safety and low cost.

According to the type of sprinklers, installations are sprinkler and deluge. But all systems have many disadvantages:

• significant consumption of water for extinguishing;
• the need to create capital facilities (reservoirs for reserve water storage, drainage and pumping stations, drainage, water supply);
• risk of damage material values and premises at the bay;
• expensive maintenance and complex equipment regulations;
• the need for electricity.

There are no such shortcomings in fire extinguishing with water mist, when the fire is eliminated by drops with a diameter of up to 100 microns. In conventional fire installations, the droplet diameter during fire extinguishing is 0.4-2 mm, where 30% is spent on extinguishing, and the rest is spilled. And when using finely atomized water, the source of ignition is reliably extinguished at a low cost of the fire extinguishing composition for 10-60 s.

sprinkler installations

They are a pipeline system filled with a fire extinguishing solution. They are equipped with special nozzles (sprinklers), which are opened at the beginning of a fire and supply a fire extinguishing agent. Extinguishing a fire with such installations begins regardless of the presence of people in the room.

Sprinkler fire extinguishing in office premises

The design is a pipeline network with sprinklers installed under the floors of the premises (restaurant, warehouses, trading floors etc.), where the nozzles are opened at elevated temperatures. On large areas, sprinkler installations are divided into sections, each of which is serviced by an individual control and alarm valve.

Deluge installations

These are automated water fire extinguishing systems installed at high fire hazard facilities. The design of the equipment consists of a supply pipe with water or aqueous solution, deluge sprinklers and valves. The system can be activated by a dry, wet sprinkler system or fire alarm. Deluge installations are designed to protect the most explosive and fire hazardous places where fire spreads rapidly (facilities for the production and storage of flammable substances, nuclear and hydroelectric power stations, paint booths, etc.). Also, the equipment can be used as deluge curtains that cut off the fire-extinguishing composition of rooms with fire from other objects (openings and atriums in shopping and hotel complexes).

Foam AUPT

Foam automatic installations are mainly intended for extinguishing combustible and quickly flammable compounds in containers, oil products that are outside or inside buildings.

Foam fire extinguishing in the conditions of fire hazardous production

Foam-type deluge equipment is used in the protection of local areas of objects, transformers, electrical appliances. Drencher and sprinkler installations of foam and water extinguishing have a similar device and purpose. A feature of the foam-type AUPT is the presence of a container with a foaming agent and dosing devices with separate storage of the ingredients of the fire extinguishing composition.

Powder Plants

They are used in the automatic detection of a fire, transmit information about it to the operator, localize and extinguish the fire.

The principle of operation of the installations is as follows: a finely dispersed powder composition is fed into the combustion area. There are the following fire extinguishing methods: local by volume, volumetric and local by area.

According to fire safety standards, powder extinguishing installations are designed to equip administrative, public, warehouse and industrial facilities, electrical and technological installations. The powder has a minimal effect on protected materials and equipment.

Local fire extinguishing by means of a powder installation

Equipment according to the control method is divided into:

• autonomous installations that perform their functions of detecting fires and supplying an extinguishing agent, regardless of external sources management and nutrition;
• automatic installations that detect a fire from a signal that enters the start of the AUPPT;
• installations with manual start. The signal to start the AUPT is carried out manually from the fire station.

For the storage of fire extinguishing composition, equipment with powder fire extinguishing can be of a modular type and centralized storage.

Gas installations

They are used in detecting fires in the area under study, they are notified of a fire and supply fire extinguishing gas. Installations with gas extinguishing can perform their functions in any area of ​​the room. Compared to other types of extinguishing, corrosion does not appear on the protected equipment, and the consequences of their use are eliminated by ventilation. Also, gas aupts are resistant to low and high temperatures.

Gas automatic fire extinguishing installations can be used in warehouses, in rooms with computers, for television, switching and technological equipment, in gas pumping stations, sea vessels, oil loading complexes, in explosive environments, archives, money storages.

The advantages of gas installations include safety for the ozone layer and humans, extinguishing the entire volume of the room, the absence of a greenhouse effect and pressure drops, the absence of toxic and corrosive components, prompt extinguishing, budgetary refueling of cylinders, etc.

The operation of gas fire extinguishing installations is based on a decrease in the concentration of oxygen when a non-combustible gas is added to the reaction area.

Using liquefied gases, they are released from a cylinder with a reduced temperature. Gas AUPT create a protective environment in a specific volume. Volumetric or locally volumetric fire extinguishing is carried out when the room is filled with a certain volume of fire extinguishing composition. But such installations will be ineffective in eliminating the ignition of materials that burn without air, smolder or are prone to spontaneous combustion (grass flour, cotton, sawdust), powders of potassium, sodium, titanium, magnesium, etc.

In accordance with the approved Safety Rules, approved by the government decree and the "Model Rules of the UPA", automatic fire extinguishing installations should be regularly examined, serviceability monitored, breakdowns eliminated and its constituent materials and components regularly upgraded.

Maintenance of fire extinguishing installations

In each company with AUPT, a person is appointed by the manager who is responsible for performing the maintenance of the installation. Such a person must be trained and have a certificate.

The AUPT service includes the following operations:

• monitoring the technical condition and ensuring the correct operation of the system;
• carrying out test launches of the system in accordance with the operating instructions and the Rules;
• fixation of all indicators and characteristics identified during trial runs in inspection reports and special journals;
• organization of extraordinary inspections and launches after unscheduled and current repair, logging data. Control of the quality and volume of the fire extinguishing agent used;
• determination of the limit state of installations through tests, checks, inspections;
• development of measures related to the modernization and improvement of the AUPT;
• documentation and verification with the participation of the fire inspector.

Requirements for automatic fire extinguishing installations

In accordance with the regulations, all parts and assemblies of installations must have a certain color:

• green - pipes filled with water and in full readiness;
• red - locking fire mechanisms, manual start buttons;
• blue - pipes filled with air, in a state of readiness;
• brown - pipes with carbon dioxide and nitrogen.

After the refurbishment, before operation, the installation is tested in standby mode for 3 days. The station must be closed, emergency lighting in working order.

In rooms with AUPT there should be an instruction for operating personnel describing clear and detailed information about actions to be taken in case of fire or erroneous start-up of equipment.

The composition of automatic fire extinguishing installations includes tanks and cylinders that must be filled. If a decrease in pressure or mass of tanks and cylinders by 10% is detected, then they are recharged or recharged.

Fires often break out in crowded places. Fire-hazardous situations are tried to be prevented in advance, however, this is not always possible. Sometimes you have to fight a fire that has already started. For these purposes, a special notification system is provided. In this article, we will look at what is AUPS. Deciphering this abbreviation is quite simple. How does she sound? The automatic installation of a fire alarm is the AUPS, in this article we will take a closer look at the principle of its operation.

What it is?

Any fire alarm system is necessary for a timely response to a fire that has arisen. These installations successfully detect the location of the fire and, using the algorithm of actions laid down by the program, respond to this incident. These are the functions carried out by AUPS (the decoding of the abbreviation was presented earlier).

purpose

These complexes collect and process the data obtained in the course of work on the main parameters and output a certain signal about a fire that has begun to a security post or to a central control room. After that, certain actions are already being taken to evacuate people and prevent a fire.

In this way, automatic installation fire alarm, the same AUPS, is a combination individual elements structures, each of which has its own purpose and performs certain functions in the system.

Legal Framework

Like any measure to ensure safety among the population, the installation of AUPS devices is controlled by relevant documents. These systems must be installed where a fire can cause death or injury to the population.

It is regulated federal laws No. 69-FZ of December 21, 1994 "On fire safety" and No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 " Technical regulation on fire safety requirements.

If, during the inspection by fire authorities, it turns out that this equipment was not put into operation, then the perpetrators are responsible for this in the form of material losses or suspension of the operation of the enterprise, up to its complete closure.

Component systems

Now let's consider what the AUPS consists of (the decoding of the abbreviation was presented earlier).

Each system, no matter what size it is and what area it is designed for, consists of the following components:

• detectors are sensors that detect certain changes in environmental conditions (smoke, temperature rise, etc.);
• control panel - this device collects and processes information received from sensors;
• annunciators - these devices act on a person's auditory or visual analyzer and inform him that a fire has started and it is necessary to evacuate (sirens, scoreboards, lamps, etc.).

In addition to the above, the systems use devices that provide centralized control and management. For small businesses, this is a regular control panel with a limited number of commands.

In large enterprises, a more complex control system is used. For this, personal computers can be used, on which system control programs are installed.

Fire alarm detectors

What are they? One of the main components fire system alert is a fire detector. It is from this device that the type of the entire AUPS depends. They differ from each other in several ways, depending on:

• principle of detection;
• method of information transfer;
• tracking type of controlled parameter.

Fire detectors are also divided into groups, taking into account their sensitivity to certain factors of a fire. Allocate:

1. Smoke detectors- the most popular sensors. They react to the smoke that often accompanies a fire. That is why this type of sensors is the most efficient and fast. They are often installed indoors. These sensors are relatively inexpensive, but their operation can be disturbed even by dust in the room. Also, they do not react to black smoke, which is formed when rubber is burned.
2. respond to changes in temperature and to the rate of these changes. Typically, in such sensors, the sensitivity threshold is 70-72 o. However, such sensors do not make sense in rooms with high ceilings or in hot shops.
3. Flame detectors triggered when an open flame or a smoldering hearth is detected. They are used where thermal and smoke sensors are impractical to use. These may be open areas or oil and gas enterprises. gas industry. They are considered the most expensive, but incandescent lamps, solar radiation, welding or simple lightning can disrupt their work.
4. Combined detectors. These fire detection tools affect several parameters at once, which increases their effectiveness. For example, they can react to smoke and temperature rise.

Installation types

To date, there are 3 types of AUPS (the decoding of the abbreviation was presented earlier):

• Threshold fire alarm serves to ensure fire safety in residential premises and at objects with an average and low probability of a fire. This system is based on loops to which sensors are connected. If one sensor detects a fire, the entire loop will be triggered, which can control up to 30 sensors.
• Address-polling AUPS. The essence of its work is to periodically poll the sensors, which allows you not to wait for a change in its state. This is done from the control panel. Thus, it is possible to periodically check the operability of the AUPS and troubleshoot in a timely manner. This type of system is used to ensure fire safety in offices, shops, medical and educational institutions.
• Address-analogue AUPS. The optimal and most effective form of fire safety. The principle of operation is that the main thing here is the control panel, which performs many complex functions. This system does everything itself, thereby reducing the time required to find the source of ignition.

The principle of operation of the device

In the operation of each such device, there is a certain set of actions, the implementation of which is aimed at activating the warning and evacuation system, determining the location of the fire and engaging other components of the system.

Initially, after detecting a fire source, the system informs about the presence of a fire hazard situation. It can be sound, light-sound or voice announcement. His choice depends on how many floors in the building, what is the area of ​​​​the premises and the height of the ceilings. That is, the optimal warning system is selected.

The next action of the system is to unlock all devices that may interfere with the evacuation of people. As for the elevators in the building, they cannot be used in such a situation. A fire can damage the elevator's functioning system, and you will simply find yourself in a smoke trap. Therefore, all elevators go to the first floor and turn off until the fire is eliminated.

After the system has given instructions for evacuation, fire extinguishing and smoke removal systems are connected after a certain period of time. Depending on the purpose of the building, the system can use gas, powder, water or water-foam filling to prevent fire.

Smoke exhaust systems often work in conjunction with AUPS and, in the presence of a fire alarm, they automatically remove smoke and combustion products through the ventilation, preventing them from getting into the way of evacuation of people.

fire alarm requirements

According to the norms and rules, fire safety systems must comply with a number of mandatory requirements, the functionality of the system and its operation if necessary depend on this:

1. The system must operate around the clock in order to detect the occurrence of a fire at any time of the day or night, and at an early stage.
2. Efficiently determine the location of the fire source.
3. There should be no failures in the operation of devices and false positives.
4. The information must be interpreted and presented to the control panel in a concise and understandable manner.
5. The operation of the system must not be interrupted due to a power failure. To do this, the system must be backed up.

Mounting and installation

It is worth paying your attention to the fact that people's lives depend on the operation of the fire alarm system. Therefore, the installation of AUPS must be carried out by a specialist. Even if it seems to you that there is nothing complicated in this, entrust this matter to a professional.

Before installing the system, all its elements must be checked for operability. After that, the AUPS equipment receives a certificate indicating that it complies with fire safety standards.

Installation of equipment is carried out in accordance with the project and all related requirements. Also, the installed device must be licensed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations. All this will help to avoid further problems during inspections by fire authorities.

After the installation of the system, all its mechanisms are adjusted. A specialist installs a program that allows you to control the AUPS.

The last stage of installation is the technical examination and commissioning of the system.

Maintenance

For continuous monitoring of the system, scheduled checks are provided. During these checks, it is necessary to provide the concluded contract for Maintenance AUPS with an organization licensed to do so.

System maintenance should be carried out at least once a month. During this, all data is entered into a special log, with which you can evaluate the entire dynamics of the operation of the equipment and draw a conclusion about its technical condition.

Such frequent checks are necessary to ensure reliable operation of the system. In addition, good design and quality installation also affect the efficiency of the system. Therefore, the issues of installation and maintenance of AUPS must be approached very scrupulously, because the lives of many people can depend on it.

Each person whose job responsibilities, one way or another, are related to the safety of citizens, must understand the basic concepts and terms relating to fire safety.

In particular, such a concept as APS. The decoding of the abbreviation has a specific meaning - automatic fire alarm.

The main task of the APS is to warn of an incipient fire with the simultaneous activation of fire extinguishing installations. Sensors, cable, control panel are the technical means by which the task is carried out.

APS is installed in rooms of various types. Its installation is strictly required in all official organizations and premises with a high fire hazard. The main requirements for an automatic fire safety system are to detect and promptly notify of a fire in time.

Advantages and disadvantages of APS

Automatic fire alarm system on early stage ignition is activated as quickly as possible. This makes it possible to quickly remove citizens from a dangerous room, as well as save items of material value.

The APS system, as a rule, is installed complete with a video surveillance device - a security and fire alarm (OPS), which creates additional reliability of protecting the premises from a serious fire.

1. Thanks to automation, the percentage of false positives is extremely low.
2. Quick start of automatic fire extinguishing after receiving a fire signal.
3. Control devices built into the APS are indispensable in emergency situations.
4. Almost instant detection of the fire point thanks to the well-thought-out arrangement of the detectors.
5. The microcontrollers that the equipment is equipped with have a high degree reliability.
6. Built-in blocking system, triggered in the event of a short circuit.
7. Ease of use of APS.

The disadvantages of automatic fire alarms (APS) include the complexity of installation, as well as the high cost of the necessary equipment.

Types of APS

There are several types of automatic fire alarms based on the signal generation method.

Each of them has its own task and distinctive characteristics.

Threshold (non-addressed) APS

A rather complex electronic device, which is a number of sensors combined into one loop. When one sensor is triggered, the entire loop is activated.

Threshold APS is well suited for installation in small areas with a low fire risk.

It has its advantages:

• simple installation;
• ease of maintenance;
• inexpensive equipment;
• can be combined with devices from other manufacturers.

Significant disadvantages of the threshold type of fire alarm:

1. insufficient information content;
2. late detection of the exact location of the fire;
3. frequent false positives;
4. the need for in large numbers cables and other materials for installation;
5. lack of control over the performance of sensors.

Address polling APS

Consists of individual modules connected by two cables. The system has a ring structure. The address-interrogation fire system is installed near the protected areas.

Her virtues:

• determination of the place of ignition by one sensor;
• the ability to control the working state of the detector;
• maximum awareness of the risk of fire;
• compliance with the price and quality of the system.

The control panel continuously interrogates special sensors connected to the cable routes. Information is transmitted from the sensors to the control panel.

The obtained values ​​are evaluated simultaneously by several key indicators. The location of the source of ignition is determined extremely accurately. This fire system is optimal for large facilities and several connected buildings.

System advantages:

1. the minimum number of false inclusions;
2. high accuracy of finding the place of ignition;
3. maximum control of the health of the sensors.

The disadvantages include expensive equipment, as well as the complexity of installation and commissioning.

Addressable radio channel APS

The type of system is similar in its parameters and functions to the analog addressable. The main difference lies in the communication system of fire detectors with the control point - radio channel lines.

This warning system is required at facilities without the possibility of cabling.

Types of APS

Automatic fire extinguishing systems include automatic fire extinguishing installation AUTP. The device is triggered in situations where the standard values ​​in the protected area are exceeded. Activation of settings can be manual or automatic.

AUTP can be equipped with various objects, especially where it is impossible to extinguish the fire with primary means. Types of automatic extinguishing systems depend on the type of substance used in extinguishing the fire:

• Gas - a system using gas that displaces oxygen from the combustion zone, extinguishing the fire, or creates a reaction with combustion products, slowing down the process.
• Foam (water-foam) - the system must be provided with the necessary supply of pressurized water. Oil refineries, warehouses for storing petroleum products are equipped with such an installation.
• Powder - a system using a special powder on a fire. Suitable for rooms with equipment under electrical voltage.
• Aerosol - an autonomous system that does not require additional equipment or technical means. It is easy to install, harmless to humans.

Automatic installations of the fire safety system are equipped with special sensors (fire detectors).

The following types of sensors are used:

1. Smoke (point and linear) - the most common, notify the presence of smoke in the room. They are highly effective at a high degree of smoke.
2. Thermal - based on fixing changes in the temperature value of the environment.
3. Flames - a special sensor detects changes in infrared radiation. These devices are installed in rooms with a high risk of flame formation with a small amount of smoke.
4. Combined - simultaneously react to the appearance of smoke and temperature changes in the room.

The type of APS is selected for a specific protected area or building, taking into account a detailed analysis of the object.

What is the difference between APS and conventional PS?

The definition of a conventional fire alarm is called a "manual call point". This is a simple sensor in the form of a button, protected by a special screen from unplanned pressing. The principle of operation is simple: having detected a fire, the person responsible for the fire brigade signals about it by pressing a button. Hand sensors in without fail installed at the facility with APS.

The APS is designed in such a way that there is no need for human participation at the stage of monitoring a possible fire - this is done by the system itself. The presence of firefighters becomes necessary after receiving a signal that a fire has begun.

Automation of the fire protection process makes it reliable, independent of the human factor. Most modern automatic fire alarm installations - AUPS themselves include special devices for extinguishing a fire in the event of a danger.

The installation of an automatic fire system of any type and kind should begin with the design. At this stage, the description and parameters of the protected premises, the technical parameters of the equipment are taken into account, as well as the rules and norms of fire safety are prescribed.

After inspection and marking of the structure, zones with the maximum fire hazard are identified. Design drawings are carried out by a qualified engineer.

Before starting the installation of automatic PS:

• choose the type of sensors;
• create a project for the installation of APS;
• the system's offline time is calculated;
• stretch cable routes;
• determine the most dangerous zones in terms of ignition.

Installation is carried out taking into account the properties of the materials of the fire system and the installation of equipment for the power supply of the fire alarm system.

Fire alarm systems are installed by various companies that draw up a project, purchase materials, maintain the fire system, and obtain a license from fire safety organizations. Usually, installation takes no more than one month.

Installation is carried out in stages:

1. laying a cable;
2. install low-voltage networks;
3. mount and connect touch sensors;
4. install the control panel;
5. connect uninterrupted power supply;
6. test the APS in the on state.

Conclusion

Automated warning systems are used to protect against fires in rooms, buildings and open facilities. In each specific case, one or another type of fire system is installed depending on the area and volume of the protected object.

In a room where several detectors are enough, as a rule, a threshold system is installed. For large objects - addressable or addressable analog substation. There are automatic systems that combine two types of fire alarms.

There are specially established fire safety regulations for the installation of fire alarm systems that must be followed in order to avoid negative consequences.

Video: Addressable fire alarm system "Varta-Address"