Assembling a pitched roof. Four-pitched roof - how to assemble the structure yourself

Do-it-yourself hipped roof: drawings and photos below.

How a pitched roof is installed

Installation of lathing, vapor barrier, waterproofing

The arrangement of different layers of a hipped roof requires careful attention to each stage of work.

Each stacked layer has its own function, all layers together form a single system which provides protection for the structure.

Laying the crate

Sheathing - a wooden structure consisting of bars located across the rafter legs. The optimal section of the lathing bars is 50x50 mm.

Before installation, the boards of the battens require treatment with antiseptic agents..

The crate is mounted either in a continuous layer or in steps of 100-150 mm (depending on the external coating).

Fasten the crate with nails.

Lathing installation

Vapor barrier installation

A vapor barrier film is installed in order to to prevent moisture from entering the thermal insulation layer. The vapor barrier film is attached to the boards of the crate with an overlapping stapler. Places of overlap are sealed with adhesive tape.

In this case, it is necessary to ensure that the film fits snugly against the boards. In places where pipes or windows are installed, rubber or polyurethane adhesive tapes can be used.

CAREFULLY!

The vapor barrier material should not go around the boards of the battens in order to prevent the formation of places for the accumulation of water.

Water vapor has a high penetrating power, so installation of vapor barrier is a very important stage of work.

Vapor barrier installation

Installation of waterproofing

After installing the insulation, waterproofing is laid. Waterproofing does not allow moisture accumulated in the under-roof space to enter the roofing pie. As well as thermal insulation film, waterproofing is overlapped and the joints are glued.

It is especially important to correctly lay the film in the ridge part.. The ridge area is most prone to accumulation of condensate vapors.

The importance of each stage of roofing installation hip roof it is impossible to underestimate and even more so to refuse the installation of any element.

Installation of waterproofing

Hip roofs are considered the strongest and most durable. They were installed more than a hundred years ago, and such designs have proven to be reliable and durable.

Despite the complexity of the design, you can install it yourself, the main thing is to carry out each stage of work step by step in a clear sequence and choose high-quality, reliable material, because the roof should protect the house for more than a dozen years.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to build a hip roof with your own hands:

In contact with

When building your own home, a lot of responsibility falls on your shoulders. You have to deal with a bunch of issues and participate in the construction process. After all, a reliable roof over your head will provide a comfortable life.

Difficulties always attract a person. After all, it is not in vain that they say: “We are not looking for easy ways.” This is what happens in construction. The four-pitched roof has a complex shape, giving the building a special look. This architecture attracts many. This type is especially popular in the construction country houses. On the cottage a good option would be to build a hipped roof.

In this article

View

The location on different sides of 4 slopes gives your home a solid look. Often, the slopes have a different shape: a pair of them is obtained in the form of a triangle and plays the role of a pediment, and some are shaped like a trapezoid.

Difficulties with a hipped roof during calculations and installation scare away many who wish, but if you do not doubt your abilities, then you can safely build it.

Design Benefits

hipped roof Do-it-yourself has the following advantages:

the absence of gables makes the roof more durable and resistant to gusts of wind. This type of roof is suitable for areas with windy weather conditions;
the presence of 4 slopes more effectively copes with the removal of melt and rain water, as well as snow;
the attic space becomes more spacious, which is ideal for the location of the attic;
the construction of a 4-pitched roof will cost no more than other types.

Types

When making a hipped roof with your own hands, you can distinguish several of its subspecies:

hip - is a classic option. It has 2 triangular hips and 2 slopes in the shape of a trapezoid;
half-hip - has slightly shortened slopes. Perfectly used for the attic;
tent - executed in the form of a pyramid. Ideal for a square building.

Project

Before proceeding directly to construction, it is necessary to create a roof project in order not to make mistakes in the future. How to build a roof? It will help in this case step by step instructions. Having familiarized ourselves with the design of the house, proceed to the following:

we calculate the angle of inclination of the slopes, based on indicators such as wind load, precipitation in your area, type roofing material. In areas with strong gusts of wind, it is advisable to make the angle of inclination less than 30 degrees, thus, the windage will decrease. In areas that are constantly flooded with precipitation, the desired roof angle is not lower than 65 degrees to prevent the accumulation of snow and water. In areas with a more or less stable climate, a roof from 40 to 50 degrees is perfect. For each type of material, the manufacturer indicates the lowest operating angle;
we calculate the height of the ridge using a series of simple geometry formulas.

Rafter system design

The truss system of the hipped roof forms the roof frame. It is made up of the following elements:

mauerlat - a beam located along the perimeter of the walls and distributing the load on them. The four-pitched roof has 4 beams. If the house is wooden, then the blocks of the upper crowns will be the Mauerlat. AT brick house a concrete belt is created over the walls, into which special studs are embedded. Then the Mauerlat is attached to them;
the ridge beam, or run, is above all elements. The upper part of the rafters is attached to it. At a 4-pitched roof, it is less than the length of the house;
rafter legs - boards that create the geometry of the slopes. Their cross section is 50 x 150 mm. A four-pitched roof uses 3 types of rafters: slanting, ordinary, outdoor. Installation of ordinary rafter legs is carried out on slopes in the form of a trapezoid. Sloping rafters are made from a more durable material, since the load on them is greater. The upper part of the slats rests on the ridge run, and the lower part rests on the angle of the Mauerlat. The hip is formed by outdoor rafters. They focus on the diagonal rafter legs and the support beam;

bed - a bar that lays a supporting wall located inside the building. Functionally, the bed transfers the weight and distributes it to the foundation;
vertical supports - racks, mounting takes place on a bed. They are a support for the middle of the rafters and run;
rafter leg, or brace. The angle of its installation is 45 degrees to the rafter. The emphasis is on the rack. It is used so that the rafters do not sag, to transfer part of the weight to the bearing wall;
sprengel is used to support the rafters. This is a vertical support, similar to a rack. Sprengel farms are used most often;
puff, or bolt, - bars of a horizontal position that grab the rafter pairs in the upper and lower parts;
filly - boards that extend the rafters and protect the walls from dampness, forming a roof overhang.

Installation procedure

A four-pitched roof begins with the installation of a Mauerlat, which we lay along the perimeter of the walls. Its cross section is 150 x 150 mm. When placing it is necessary to control its level. The beam should be located 5-7 cm from the edge of the wall. Fastening is carried out on pre-walled studs. Nuts are screwed on top. Such a beam will connect the design of the rafters and the walls of the house into a single whole.

To install racks, you need a bed and floor beams. The size of the beam of such elements is 100 x 200 mm. Installation of supports is carried out vertically with fastening with plates or a corner. When using a hip roof, the racks are placed in 1 row, and a run is attached on top. The hipped roof involves the placement of supports diagonally. Equal distances are laid off from the corner. Thus, a rectangle is obtained on which the runs are laid. We fix everything with the help of a corner.

Roof truss installation

The next step is to make rafter templates. We install side rafters on them. A thin board is suitable for blanking. We apply it to the run and mark it washed down. With the second end, which is located at the Mauerlat, we also note washed down. We make the required number of rafters using a template. After choosing the mounting step, we make the installation. The step can be from 60 cm to 1 m. We make the connection with self-tapping screws.

The angle of inclination of the slope is determined rafters. They are arranged diagonally for additional load. Often double boards are used for them. We also make cuts according to the template. The upper part of the rafters is connected with a crossbar to give strength.

The hipped roof connects the rafters near the ridge using puffs. Installation occurs at an angle of 90 degrees. Wire clamps connect to walls.

We fasten the sprigs to the diagonal rafters. Their length can be varied, but they must be parallel to each other. Ordinary and outdoor rafters together form side slopes.

The four-pitched roof with their own hands came to an end. The last step is its insulation with basalt wool or expanded polystyrene. We lay the material between the rafters. A layer of waterproofing will protect from moisture. The crate directly depends on the type of roof material.

In this video, you can learn more about the construction and design of a four-pitched hip roof:

A four-pitched roof, also called a hip roof, is the most popular in the construction of individual housing in most European countries. Except, perhaps, Scandinavia, which has a similar climate and building traditions with central and northern Russia. Varangians, as well as East Slavs, preferred to build from solid wood and arrange simple gable roofs. In our time of comprehensive globalization, all branches of human activity, including architecture and construction, are subject to. hip roof country house now fell in love with the inhabitants of the CIS countries and has become an integral part of the landscape of our villages and small towns.

We note the pros and cons of a hipped roof in comparison with the more common and structurally simple gable roof.

Benefits of a hip roof:

A properly designed and assembled hip roof due to the absence of vertical end walls (pediments or gables) has low airflow resistance. Respectively, the best way resists hurricane winds and is less prone to destruction of the roof in places of cornice overhangs (it does not have gables).
The four-pitched roof, due to the angular ribs converging to the ridge support beam, has a rigid structure and is not subject to any serious deformations.
The hip roof allows you to build large overhangs on all four sides of the building, thereby protecting the facades from precipitation.
A hipped roof makes a house with an attic visually lower. This is important when a building needs to be built into an existing one-story building without disturbing the balance and character of the building.
The hip roof is beautiful. Although not everyone agrees with this.

Four-slope roof of a two-story country house. Large overhangs well protect the walls from rain and snow

Hip roof disadvantages:

Another option for installing full-fledged windows into the roof.

Varieties of a hipped roof

The classic roof with four slopes assumes straight rafters without fractures, corner ribs start from the ridge, all overhangs are at the same height.
The main type of hipped roof. Two end sides have the shape of a triangle, the other two are trapezoids. Large overhangs protect the facade well from precipitation, and you can safely walk around the house in the rain.
A hipped roof is a type of hipped roof in which all the ribs converge at one central point.
A hipped roof is more suitable for a square house plan.
The Danish hip roof is a type of four-pitched roof with gables located in the upper part of the short slopes.
Diagram of the truss system of a Danish hipped roof. A small tong at the top of the short slope is used for ventilation or lighting.
Full vertical windows can be built into the Danish roof.
vertical windows
Another type of complex Danish hip roof with two slopes at the short end.
This type of roof is called Dutch.
A half-hip roof (also called a gabled half-hip roof) is actually a type of gable roof, since all the rafter legs resting on the mauerlat are installed on the long side and parallel to each other.
A broken hipped roof is also called a mansard hip roof. It is more difficult to manufacture, but allows you to allocate a large area for living quarters.
The broken shape of the roof makes it possible to use the attic space more rationally, but it is more expensive
Sloping hipped roof distinguishing feature traditional architecture of China, Japan and Korea. Only they make a break in the wrong direction to which we are accustomed.
The hip roof can be not only hipped, various combinations of different types of structures are possible.
A combined type of roof, where a hip and gable structure is combined.

This roof is hipped, but there are many more slopes than four. But the principle by which the truss system is assembled is the same as that of a simple four-pitched one.

Design features of the truss system

Consider how to make a hipped roof on your own, while ensuring its reliability and strength. We choose a simple design with a central support.

Since only part of the rafters in the central sector of the long side are full length and converge in the ridge area, not the entire rafter system can be tightened with puffs - in the hip area they will not work as they do in a gable roof. In addition, often in the struggle for height attic floor the mauerlat is located much higher than the plane of the floor and beams (puffs). Therefore, we will proceed from the fact that in our case, the truss system of a hipped roof will not use puffs as a structural element. The main load in the center of the roof will be carried by a beam located in the ridge zone: it will be supported by slanting and ordinary full-sized rafter legs.

Standard hipped roof construction with support in the ridge area

The ridge support beam must be supported by racks. In order to perceive a fairly solid load from them, ideally, there should be an internal load-bearing wall below. If there is none, the floor beams must be strong enough to support the weight of the central part of the roof. If the first floor is covered with precast concrete floor slabs, their bearing capacity, as a rule, is enough and the support of the rack can be placed on the slabs through a horizontal wooden beam.

The support does not have to be located in the ridge area. Racks can be placed on the sides of the ridge, that is, there can be two or more support zones located along the ridge.

The photo shows that the skate does not rest on the racks.

The ridge is supported on both sides along the ridge on the racks. In this case, the racks directly support the rafters, the beam was not used. Each rafter beam has its own stand. Pretty solid solution.

A four-pitched roof over a small building can be mounted without racks

With small spans (up to 4 meters), you can do without racks. However, if possible, at least in the areas of intersection of the ridge with the braids, it is worth placing one puff and a rack each.

A small structure is covered without the use of racks or puffs

The truss system of a hipped roof is almost identical to the hip hip roof. Only instead of a ridge beam it is recommended to install a central support. Or arrange a closed support contour of beams and racks.

Variants of the rafter system of the hipped roof. In the diagram on the left, the corner rafter (slope) rests on the truss, a similar solution can be used for all types of hip roofs.

The sequence of installation of a hipped roof

First of all, as in all types of roofs, a Mauerlat is mounted. For frame houses this is the top harness wall panel, for log cabins - the upper crown. As a Mauerlat, a wooden beam with a cross section of 10x10 cm or more is used, more often at least 10x15 or 15x15 cm. It is necessary to strive to ensure that it is solid along the entire length. The fastening of the beam must be given special attention. For a stone wall, the ideal solution would be a reinforced concrete monolithic belt in the support area of \u200b\u200bthe Mauerlat with embedded parts pre-mounted in it (threaded studs from M12 and above). If this is not possible, you will have to fix the studs with metal expansion dowels in the masonry.

Mauerlat fastening scheme in masonry

Mauerlat connections along the length should not be made end-to-end, but in an overlay, with multiple connection points. The corners must be securely connected with metal plates, corners, brackets.

The layout of the Mauerlat on the wall. Pay attention to the junction of elements and the connection of corners. On the right, the installation of a beam on a monolithic belt is shown.

The next step is the installation of racks and the installation of the supporting ridge or side beams parallel to it. For racks, as a rule, a beam of 10x10-10x15 cm is chosen, for a beam of a higher section: 8x16, 10x20 and more. The optimal ratio of width to height is 1 / 1.5-1 / 2, then the beam twists less when it dries. The same rule is true for the rafter beam.

The rack and support beam in this case are parallel to the ridge

In frame-panel houses, support beams are often not used, only racks with a rafter pitch are installed. In any case, a beam is placed on the skate, only of a smaller section. You can use an ordinary truss element. The skate is supported on temporary racks, which are then removed. The ridge serves as a guide element for mounting the entire structure.

Racks are installed in frame house. After installing the rafters, they are cut at the desired height.

Such a support contour is placed under a hipped roof, it replaces the central support

In the third place, they put corner (sloping) rafters. The loads on them are higher and the cross section should be higher. Although sometimes they prefer to first put the privates of full length, and only then mount the braids. This is unprincipled.

Hip roof truss system wooden frame. In this case, they did without any racks at all, instead they pulled the upper part of the rafters with double horizontal ties. It is better to mount the rafters on the wall of the log house on sliding supports.

First, racks and a ridge beam are mounted. The next step is the rafters, ordinary ones are placed. Corner (sloping) rafters are mounted from a bar of the same section as the rest. It is not right. The load on it is much higher and the cross section should be more powerful.

Sliding supports - the best solution for attaching rafters to the wall for a log house

Then the remaining rafter legs are mounted, including shortened ones. The rafters themselves must be solid, in extreme cases, it is necessary to install linings at least 1.5 meters long at the joint and fix them on both sides at several points. Connections of wooden elements can be made by overlapping, using overhead metal plates. In the areas where the rafters are supported on the Mauerlat and beams, support cuts should be made and strong metal elements should be used.

This is how the rafters are attached to the mauerlat and beams

In accordance with the table, you can roughly determine the cross section wooden beam for rafter legs.

For the corner rafter, the value obtained must be increased by at least 1.5 times

The rafter system is ready. Now you need to choose the type of roof and start building a suitable base for it: solid flooring or battens, if necessary, counter-battens and wind protection.

A do-it-yourself four-slope roof is quite a feasible task, at least for a house that is not difficult in terms of plan. General principles for all types of hip roofs: the mauerlat must be well fixed and connected at the corners, you need to start from the ridge, the racks need a good foundation. It is necessary to ensure reliable support of the roof with a large span and to monitor the reliability of all connections.

The fixation of the elements will be better when using special modern metal fasteners for wood, and it will be easier to work. Of course, you must have at least basic carpentry skills. It helps a lot to have a power tool: a drill, a circular saw or a chainsaw. You also need to stock up hand tool: saws, chisels, hammers. Need measuring devices: joiner's level, plumb line, tape measure, cord.

Friends, we hope that this information will be really interesting and useful for you! People who started the construction of any structure should have an idea of what is needed for what, what parts the structure consists of, what materials they will need and how much this or that material costs. Before starting construction, you need to develop a building plan and indicate all the parameters. Consider one of the important details of the structure and it will be a hipped roof and its truss system.

Hip roof construction

There are several types of roofs, the most aesthetic and durable is the hipped roof.

Such a roof will withstand strong winds, snowfalls and heavy rains. A four-pitched roof may not be complicated in design and has some elements.

It differs from four-sided gable roof external data and design. By design, the four-pitched one is somewhat more complicated, but for small buildings you can build it yourself.

standard roof has trapezoidal slopes and triangular slopes.

Half hip- two trapezoidal slopes, two cut hips. This design makes it possible to equip attic attic with large windows.

It differs from the hip roof.

The complex four-slope has windows, valleys.

The construction of this roof can only be done by professionals, or take a project with material calculations.

The four-pitched roof includes the same details as, but due to some complexity of the design, it is necessary to build additional details frame.

Details of the pitched roof:

- this is a beam placed on the upper part of the main walls;

lying down- these are support bars that are located inside and laid on load-bearing walls;

- these are diagonal, oblique or side bars;

Sprengels and racks- these are supports that support the rafter structure;

Run or ridge beam- this is a horizontal support for rafters located on top of the roof;

Crossbars and puffs- these are horizontal parts that connect the side rafters;

Narozhniki- parts that are placed on diagonal rafters;

Wind beams and struts- these are struts that increase the strength of the roof;

filly- these are boards that form the desired roof overhang.

It depends on the design of the roof, which details can be used during construction, for example, cornices over windows or a porch, sheathing.

Before starting construction, it is necessary to calculate the amount of raw materials, it will also be determined what the size and shape of the roof will be, then make a drawing.

Construction technology.

To distribute the load of the truss system and external factors, Mauerlat and beds are laid on the main walls.

For them, a bar with a section of 100 × 150 mm or 150 × 120 mm is used, in some cases reinforced concrete beams are laid.

Installation of truss group and lathing

On an ordinary hip roof, the side rafters are placed in the same way as those sent on a gable roof.

To the ridge beam in the place where the extreme stand is located, a board is applied with a width identical to the width of the rafter board (150 mm) and a template is made on it.

The distance between the rafters should be from 0.5 to 1.5 m.

Diagonal rafters are made from two connected boards, so they carry an increased load. The blank for diagonal rafters is performed in the above way.

Cuts on boards for diagonal rafters must be made at an angle of 45 degrees to the plane of the board, since they rest on the Mauerlat angle from below and on the rack from above. The spans between the diagonal rafters on the hip slopes are filled with sprigs.

We make a crate

The roofs of private houses, having four, and not one or two slopes, are a much more serious design. It is no more difficult to assemble it than a gable one, but the four-slope roof of the truss system has more advantages. High quality roofing is provided by the strength of such a system. In the photo do-it-yourself hipped roof

Features of the roof of four slopes

The main advantage is the absence of tongs and gables. The unconventional design of the truss system allows the roof to endure strong winds without consequences, minimize possible damage in the places of eaves overhangs over time, and the absence of a gable is a saving on building materials and labor costs.
The ends of the rafters, which intersect with each other and are mounted on the ridge beam, give the structure rigidity, prevent its deformation under the weight of precipitation, roof building materials or equipment mounted on the roof.
The design and arrangement of the hip roof suggests the possibility of arranging cornice overhangs around the perimeter of the entire house, protecting the facade from atmospheric influences and temperature changes.
In the scheme of architectural conformity, a hipped roof when a veranda or attic is attached to the house makes the building more resistant to unevenly distributed loads.
The aesthetics of the roof has been proven by practice and time - such structures have been used since the years when people learned to build shelters for themselves, which then turned into strong and beautiful houses.

How the truss system of a hipped roof will be constructed depends on the type of blood - tent or hip. Therefore, it is worth considering in more detail these varieties, their features and device.
Photo hip roof device

hip roof

The hip-type roof (see photo above) is an assembly of two trapezoidal or triangular wooden knots. These elements are fastened together by the planes of the upper surfaces, and the edges of the triangles are overlapped by ridge slopes.

A roofing pie is mounted on the truss frame of the hip roof, consisting of several layers: a waterproofing agent, a heat insulator, a ventilation layer of building materials and a finishing decorative and protective coating(see video). According to the type of fastening, the hip roof system is divided into hanging and layered types. The layered scheme of the four-pitched roof truss system is more economical, easier to install and design.
Rafter system drawings

With a hip roof slope ≤ 35°, it is mandatory to install auxiliary support beams to strengthen the long span with rafters of the layered type. Additional supports protect the house from atmospheric moisture, strong winds and temperature changes.

The rafters of the sloping structure - a beam mounted diagonally, one end rests against the Mauerlat, the other - is attached to the next pair. Since the rafters are very large when unfolded, they must be securely fixed on the roof. Also, the rafters play the role of a support for the sprigs.
Trapezoidal wooden assemblies for roof slopes.
Narozhniki - designs small size from rafter beams of short length, they are fixed on rafters of a sloping type. If the width of the walls of the house is ≥ 4.5 m, then the structure is connected into a block of several elements, so that later they can be made into a single roof.
Struts, crossbars and racks serve to minimize the size and use of sprockets. The use of these elements allows you to assemble the roof with little or no additional reinforcement.
The beds serve as supports for racks and struts, with their lower end resting against brick supports on the inner wall end or adjusted to size with linings of wooden bars.
The run is a beam laid parallel to the lower support beam. Serves to ensure the strength of the truss structure.
Sprengels increase rigidity in all directions. Sprengel should have the same cross section as the rafters, and they are attached along the length of the span.

Scheme of a hipped roof

hipped roof

A tent-type roof can be built from triangular wooden structures. It will not be easy for a non-specialist to cope with the construction of such a roof, since here it is important to strictly observe all dimensions and dimensions in order to achieve complete symmetry of the hipped roof. But thanks to such a roof, your house will withstand the wind of any strength, even a hurricane. A homemade roof, the truss system of which is made in the form of a tent, perfectly protects housing from the penetration of cold and moisture even into the attic or attic space.

By design, the drawings of the hip and hip rafter systems are similar, since they consist of the same nodes and elements. The difference is only in the length of the rafters and mounting options. Hanging or layered rafters also work well in a tent structure, but it is very difficult for an amateur to fix the hanging elements on their own - the help of a professional will be required. A hip roof is often built over areas without internal ceilings, partitions and walls, and beams for supports are laid on load-bearing walls. Layered parts are cheaper and easier to manufacture, but require an internal load-bearing wall and/or concrete columns to work with.

Before starting work with any wood products, they must be treated with antiseptic and flame retardant agents.
Wood for any elements must be well dried in natural conditions. The moisture content of the material must be ≤ 22%.
Mauerlat is made from a bar with a square section of 150 mm or a rectangular section of 150 x 100 mm.
The rafters must be ≥ 50 mm long and ≥ 150 mm wide.
For all products, one type of wood is used, and preferably coniferous.
To make a large number of crossbars, racks and purlins with one cut angle, a pre-prepared template is used.

In the hip rafter system, a support is first made in the form of a Mauerlat. Not only the strength of the structure, but also the aesthetics of the entire roof depends on its even device, so the support beams must be laid strictly horizontally. The alignment of the Mauerlat can be facilitated by pouring a small grillage (formwork) around the entire perimeter of the walls of the house. See the video below for more on this.

For fastening the grillage, reinforcing pins driven into or inserted into the wall are used. Through the holes in these rods, the Mauerlat is fastened with threaded connections to the walls and the grillage.

How to assemble and mount the hip roof system on site:

Upper planes load-bearing walls houses must be opened before installation with waterproofing agents - mastic, bitumen, tar. A roofing material is laid on top of the waterproofing layer.
The support beam, from which the Mauerlat will be assembled, is mounted on pins in the walls, attracted by nuts and washers. When installing the Mauerlat, you need to constantly check its horizontalness with a level.
Next, the central support is installed - racks with a ridge will be attached to it. The support beam is laid either on the side beams of the Mauerlat, or on the surface of the internal load-bearing walls.
Vertical beams are installed for the main support of the ridge. Ridge supports do not need to be fixed rigidly immediately - only after the rafter system is fully assembled. Rigidity can be given with steel corners, wooden spacers or metal studs.
In order for the roof to be perfectly symmetrical, the rafters of the triangular hip structures are supported on the Mauerlat in the calculated places. Marking for each of them must be done in advance so that the beam does not fall on the mounting rod. Intermediate beams are needed to connect the ridge to the walls.
Next, slanting rafters are installed, which will connect each corner of the house with the end of the ridge beam.

A distance of ≥ 50 cm is maintained between the overhang and the wall. If the site is selected in a region with strong winds, then this distance is doubled. In this way, the roof and walls are protected from precipitation, which can blow in and moisten the surface up to the foundation.

Now you can attach ordinary rafters to connect the Mauerlat to the ridge. The distance between the rafters is calculated based on the overall dimensions of the roof and the length of the intermediate rafters. Some roofing building materials need to be laid on a frequently installed crate, so general recommendations there are no distances. Ordinary rafters in the standard solution are installed in the groove after 0.4-0.5 m, and the attachment point can also be reinforced with nails or steel overhead plates.
If the roof has a small angle of inclination, then the rafters need to be reinforced with trusses due to the additional snow pressure in winter.
To strengthen the upper end of the sloping bars, a truss truss is mounted. It consists of two struts coming out of the same point.
The last step in the construction of the truss system is the crate. The material for the frame of the crate is selected based on the roofing material. Most often, these are square slats with a section of 5 cm, and if the crate is solid, then boards or five-layer plywood can be used.