Design and research work in biology Topic: “Development of a plant from a seed. abstract

Explanatory note.

Changes in Russian education and transformations in society require a new approach to the learning process from the school teacher. AT modern conditions life is not enough just to possess a set of knowledge, skills and abilities, you must be able to acquire them in an increasing volume, be able to apply them in real life, a real situation.

In today's dynamically developing information society, what is really needed is not so much knowledge as the ability to acquire it and the ability to apply independently acquired knowledge in all kinds of situations.

The formation of educational and cognitive activity is one of the main factors of learning that stimulates the development of younger students.

The project method is a joint activity of a teacher and students aimed at finding a solution to a problem, a problem situation.

The ratio of the problem and the practical implementation of the results of its solution or consideration makes the project method so attractive for the education system.

Project and research activities make it possible to form on their basis the educational and cognitive activity of students, since structurally these types of activities are similar.

Student design is the process of working on an educational project, the process of achieving the intended result in the form of a specific “product” (project).

Student design is becoming a popular form of organizing the creative activity of students in educational institutions of various levels. In favor of its use, teachers find numerous and varied arguments. Student design gains notoriety as universal remedy solutions to various educational problems.

Including younger students in the project, you can form the following skills in them:

Determine the purpose of the activity, plan it, perform actions and operations;

correlate the result of the activity and its purpose;

control your actions.

Perform mental operations that are part of the project activity.

Conduct observations.

To put simple experiments, to build simple models of objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.

The implementation of the project is carried out with the aim of educating children, their civic position, their social orientation and adaptation in society, self-affirmation.

Project topics need to be clearly defined. The subject material must be built in an appropriate logical sequence, the educational and cognitive activity of younger students should be designed so that it reflects the logic of scientific and cognitive activity.

Working on projects, students get acquainted with the diversity of the world around them, get ideas about its structure, ways to gain knowledge about it, learn to independently extract information, systematize and generalize it; responsibility for their activities, respectful and equal interaction with partners is formed.

Such work prepares younger students for a deeper study of the foundations of science. Therefore, an important task is to equip students with methods scientific knowledge. Most importantly, the teacher must convey to each student that they will learn to do independent research and do the work that scientists do. Training should be based on independent activity, reproducing the main points inherent in research and project activities. This requires an individual approach. I start teaching this type of activity from the first grade. I rely on a group of children and parents interested in preparing projects. The result of the work are various competitions. I use project technology in the classroom. It develops universal learning activities.

The competition of research projects “I am a young researcher” has become a tradition in our school. project activities in primary school I consider it relevant, because today, instead of assimilating ready-made knowledge, skills and abilities, it is necessary to develop the personality of the child, his creative abilities, independent thinking and a sense of personal responsibility. In my opinion, exactly project activity allows students to acquire knowledge, helps to connect them with real life. The method of the educational project contributes to the formation of key competencies of students, preparing them for real life conditions. Brings the process of education and upbringing out of the walls of the school into the outside world.

I want to bring to your attention the design and research work of a 1st grade student on the topic: “ Amazing near. Growing exotic fruits at home.

Municipal budgetary educational institution"Secondary school No. 33 with in-depth study of individual subjects" of the Aircraft Building District of Kazan

Research project "Germination Conditions and the Importance of Seeds". The work was completed by: 6th grade student Khabibulina Irina Supervisor: teacher of biology at MKOU Pobedinsky school Balukova Galina Pavlovna

Growing plants from seeds is a very exciting process. Observing all phases of plant development from seed germination to the appearance of the first flowers or fruits is the magic of nature in action. It takes a lot of time and patience before it grows complete plant. Plant growth usually begins with the germination of the most important reproductive organ, the seed. Only seeds with a living embryo can germinate and give rise to a new plant. Seeds with dead embryos lose their germination.

The relevance of the study of the topic lies in the fact that this work will be useful to all those who want to plant and grow plants; made visual aids can be further used in biology lessons. Hypothesis: we assume whether wheat seeds will germinate without water, air, heat. The purpose of the study is to develop the skills of independent research activities on the topic "Germination conditions and the meaning of seeds" and the application of knowledge in practical life situations. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: To study the structural features of the seeds of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants; Select the object of study; Investigate the condition of seed germination; Note the effect of changing conditions on seed germination; To form the ability to properly sow seeds; Learn to apply the received material in practice (in everyday life); Collect collections of seeds of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants and methods of their distribution; Study the literature on this issue.

The structure of the seed and its role in the life of the plant Consider the structure of the seed of a monocot plant using the example of wheat

Seeds of dicotyledonous plants consider the example of a bean seed

Laboratory work "Studying the structure of seeds of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants"

Germination is the transition of seeds from a dormant state to the growth of an embryo and the development of a seedling from it. Stages of seed germination

Seed germination conditions Water Air Soil depth Temperature

Practical part Object of research I chose wheat as the object of research. Wheat seeds are easy to study, they are easy to grow, and they produce numerous fruits that can be eaten.

Conditions for seed germination. For the experiment, I took 6 plastic cups, in each I placed an equal amount of wheat seeds. I poured some water into the first glass, left the second dry.

In the third she poured water to the brim, in the fourth she moistened the seeds a little.

I added a little water to the fifth glass and left it warm, and placed the sixth glass in the freezer. I kept watching for a week. Result: experience showed that the seeds germinated in glasses where the seeds were slightly damp (1), where there was an incomplete glass of water (2) and which was warm (5). Conclusions: seeds need water, air, heat to germinate.

An experience. Sowing wheat seeds at different depths. For the experiment, wheat seeds were sown at different depths. The first layer is 10 cm The second layer is 6 cm The third layer is 3 cm.

For 15 days, she monitored the germination of wheat seeds. Results: after 5 days shoots appeared: from a depth of 3 cm, after 8 days 6 cm and after 12 days from a depth of 10 cm. centimeters. Wheat after 20 days of sowing.

Distribution and value of seeds. Seeds of flowering plants play an important role for the plant organism. With the help of seeds, plants reproduce and spread. Collections of seeds dispersed by wind, animals and humans.

The value of seeds. Sunflower seeds are used for human consumption

Sunflower seeds contain fat. If you crush a sunflower seed, a greasy spot will remain on a sheet of white paper. Obtained from sunflower seeds food product sunflower oil. Flour is obtained from wheat, and bread, confectionery, noodles, etc. are baked from flour.

Treat for beloved Beam. Compound feed is obtained from wheat and used for animal and bird feed.

Decorative jewelry Beads from persimmon seeds Bracelet from bean seeds and rose hips

Conclusion I have done research on the factors that affect seed germination. Seeds absorb water to renew physiological processes associated with germination. Germination of seeds is impossible without the presence of air, due to the fact that the seeds breathe. For successful germination, a favorable temperature is necessary, because. if the seeds have enough water and air, but not enough heat, they will not germinate. Of particular importance, when sowing seeds, is the time and depth of seed placement. Plant seeds vary in size and weight. Seed size determines the method and depth of sowing. The larger the seed, the easier it overcomes the mechanical resistance of the soil and will be able to germinate from a greater depth. Seeds with a living embryo are capable of germinating and giving rise to a new plant only. Conducting a study on seed germination, I fulfilled all the goals and objectives, expanded my horizons in the field of seed structure and its relationship with environment and in the biology classroom she left visual aids on the diversity and methods of seed dispersal.

References and Internet resources Binas A.V., Mash R.D. and others. Biological experiment at school. - M .: Education, 1990. Influence external factors for seed germination. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://gorsun.org.ru/lib/children/researcher09/sprouting/01/ Ponomareva I.N., Kornilova O.A., Kuchmenko V.S. Biology: Plants. bacteria. Mushrooms. Lichens: Textbook for Grade 6 Students educational institutions. - M.: Ventana-Graf, 2016. The amazing world of plants. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.valleyflora.ru/3.html Seed germination conditions. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://beaplanet.ru/vsyo_o_semenah/usloviya_prorastaniya_semyan.html

Growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home. I managed to grow tropical plants at home. The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or donated to friends and relatives.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary school No. 6"

Research work

Growing tropical plants at home

Completed by: Tkachenko Alexandra

Grade 9

Head: Nemirovich Natalia Nikolaevna

biology teacher

Sergiev Posad

2018

1. Introduction

2. Main body

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Biology of avocado

2.1.2 Useful properties of avocado

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. biology mango

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?

2.3. pomelo

2.3.1. Biology pomelo

3. Practical part

3.1. Growing avocados

3.2. Mango cultivation

3.3. Growing pomelo

Conclusion

Literature

Introduction

A rare apartment does without greenery, but not many people decide to take on the cultivation of tropical plants at home. Unpretentious bushes are usually settled on the windowsills, which can be watered from time to time and only occasionally fertilized.Houseplants look wonderful in the interior of houses and apartments, have a positive effect on well-being, refresh the atmosphere, please the eye and soothe. In a flower shop, of course, the heart stops in front of the shelves with lush foliage, beautiful flowers and outlandish names, but with the mind everyone understands that these are museum exhibits, nothing more, and such miracles are simply not capable of growing in an apartment, because they come from the tropics.But sometimes you want something original, unusual, rare, something that could surprise guests and be proud of. This is about exotic plants that can be grown in room conditions. Avocado, pomelo, pomegranate, pineapple, bonsai, cypress, jasmine and many other wonderful plants can decorate your home. In my work, I will tell you how I grew tropical plants in room conditions.

Purpose of work: Creating a favorable climate in the rooms for tropical plants.

Tasks:

• Learn to recognize indoor plants and care for them;
• Develop aesthetic perception in interior design;
• Improve artistic taste.
• To develop cognitive interest in students by introducing them to search and design creative work.

Expected results:

• Be able to identify indoor plants;
• Be able to grow tropical plants from seeds;
• Know how to care for indoor plants;
• Be able to perform planting techniques, take care of plants;

2. Main body

2.1. Avocado

2.1.1. Biology of avocado

The history of the use of avocados dates back at least 7 thousand years, but they began to actively cultivate it in the middle of the 18th century, however, the fruit quickly spread around the planet. Avocado came to Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, and nowadays it is bred in 50 countries of the world.

Avocados can be pear-shaped, oval or spherical, up to 10 cm long and weighing up to 1.5 kg. In total, more than 200 varieties of this fruit grow in the world, only a few species are sold in Russia. Most of us folks don't even think about it. But the type of avocado depends on its fat content, texture and taste.

Avocado ("alligator pear") - a type of evergreen fruit plants from the genus Perseus of the Laurel family. The shape of an avocado can be ovoid, more often pear-shaped. A ripe avocado has a green or dark green color, tender oily pulp and a stone inside. Avocados ripen after harvest. Unripe avocado fruits are delivered for export and to stores, which ripen during the period of transportation and sale of the fruit.

Avocados are native to central Mexico. Avocados are now grown in many tropical and Mediterranean countries due to their commercial viability.

The taste of an unripe avocado is reminiscent of that of a pumpkin or an unripe pear, the flesh is firm and the skin is hard. But a ripe avocado has a delicate pulp with a taste of mashed greens and butter with a subtle nutty aftertaste, and when pressed, a hollow remains on the peel.

A ripe avocado, or rather its flesh is subject to enzymatic browning, it turns brown rather quickly as a result of contact with air. To prevent this, after peeling the avocado, sprinkle the flesh with lemon juice.

This exotic fruit has a rich composition, including vitamins and minerals.

2.1.2. Useful properties of avocado.

Avocado has a lot useful properties. First of all, avocados are valued for their ability to suppress and destroy cancer cells without harming healthy cells. Thus, avocados can prevent breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.

Avocados contain more carotenoids, lutein, than any other fruit we eat. Lutein protects against molecular degeneration and cataracts, which are age-related eye diseases.

Avocados are high in beta-sitosterol, a compound that helps lower blood cholesterol levels. In support of this, a study was conducted in which 45 volunteers participated, who had to eat one avocado after a meal for a week. As a result of the study, excellent results were achieved, cholesterol levels decreased by an average of 17%, and this was only in one week.

One cup of mashed avocado pulp contains 23% of the recommended daily intake of folic acid, and regular consumption of it, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of a stroke attack and the development of other cardiovascular diseases.

Regular consumption of avocado strengthens the immune system, relieves fatigue and irritability. Avocado has a tonic effect, increasing physical endurance and activity, resistance to stress.

The benefits of avocados bring to our health a lot, but the harm that it can have is rather small. Avocado can cause harm to health only in case of individual intolerance. And yet, you should not try “on the tooth” the stone and leaves of avocados, as they contain toxic substances that can cause allergies or digestive problems.

Today, avocados are used in many salads and sauces. This fruit is loved all over the world. But few people know about its beneficial properties, which, by the way, are not few!

Avocado is rich nutrients and at the same time very high in calories. It contains 245 calories per 100 grams of product. However, it does not contain harmful fats and sugar, so it is actively included in the diet.

The composition of avocados includes components that prevent the formation of cholesterol in the blood and break down the already accumulated. So for those who like to eat a sandwich with tea for breakfast, I advise you to replace the butter and cheese with the pulp of a ripe avocado with olive oil and a little salt.

Avocados hold the record for vitamin E content, so in winter, when the skin is a little dry and the lips are chapped, avocados are especially useful!

Believe it or not, avocado contributes to the anti-aging protection of cells and stimulates their oxygen enrichment. It includes natural hormones and other biologically active substances that have a rejuvenating effect on the human body.

The beneficial properties of avocados were also used by manufacturers cosmetics. Avocado is an excellent source of glutathione, an important antioxidant that plays an important role in preventing aging, which is why avocado extract is included in the anti-aging cream. It is also used in moisturizing and cleansing creams for the skin, as well as sunscreens, lipsticks, bath oils, conditioners andvitamin hair mask .

Avocado oil has the most high level penetration into the skin and has an excellent softening and soothing effect on it.

2.2 Mango

2.2.1. Biology of mango.

The mango (Indian mango tree) is an evergreen tree native to India where it is now, like Pakistan, considered the national plant. Under natural growing conditions, depending on age and variety, its height can reach from ten to forty-five meters, and the crown diameter is from five to twenty. Delicious mango fruits are called "fruits of the gods".

The fruit of the mango tree has an oblong and rounded shape, slightly compressed from the sides. The shiny skin of the fruit is quite smooth and dense to the touch. If the fruit is not ripe, then the peel of the fruit is green.

To date, a huge number of varieties of mangoes are known, the fruits of which have a different weight and color of a dense, smooth skin. Average weight fruit ranges from two hundred grams to one kilogram. The color can be white, greenish yellow, bright green, yellowish orange, red, black.

Depending on the variety, the shape of the fruit may be ovoid or spherical. They have juicy, fibrous flesh that is yellow or orange in color. When ripe, it has a sweet taste with a slight sourness. The aroma of fruits varies, it can resemble peach, apricot, rose, melon, pineapple, lemon. When cutting the fruit, inside it is impossible not to notice a large bone, which has a flat shape and a fleecy surface. The size of the seed (pit) is also quite impressive. In length, it can be from five to ten centimeters, and in weight up to fifty grams.

Mango is an exotic fruit for the northern latitudes, and therefore few residents of temperate climates know about the benefits of the fruit itself, how to use it correctly and what to be afraid of. Mangoes are grown in Southeast Asia, and India is the undisputed leader in this matter. It is in this country that about 70% of plantings of various crops that are purposefully grown by man are mango trees. It is difficult to say what happened in the beginning: at first, mango became a symbol of India and its national fruit, and therefore it is grown so much or vice versa, at first they began to grow it, and only then it became a symbol of India. Of course, one thing - it was India that became the birthplace of mango trees, the fruits of which in this country can be found in any grocery store, not to mention supermarkets.

There are many types of mangoes. According to some sources, there are about 400 of them. So, they are trying to mythologize the fruit itself even more, giving it a direct relationship to something Indian. It is believed that there are exactly as many varieties of mango fruits as there are dialects in India itself.

Experts count from 800 to 1500 varieties of this fruit. But it should be noted that no more than fifty, or rather, 35 fruits of this wonderful fruit are suitable for consumption. A few centuries before our era, itinerant Buddhist monks introduced the inhabitants and merchants of East Asia to mangoes, and the Persians exported this fruit to East Africa.

Thus, mango has been known for more than 2.5 millennia, but, as we see, interest in it has not decreased over time, and in India itself it is used by both aristocrats and the poor. And so we should take a closer look at it.

2.2.2. Mango fruit. Benefit.

There is no doubt that the fruit itself is very beneficial for health. Otherwise, it would not have been used with such persistence for more than 2.5 millennia, and the Americans would not have tried to bring it out more than 100 years ago in their latitudes.

Hundreds of peoples and thousands of generations cannot be wrong, which means that it makes sense to consider in more detail what all these people found in it so valuable, to whose wisdom we sometimes so often appeal.

The ancients noticed a long time ago that the use of the fruits of the mango tree prolongs life and warns the body against many diseases. Leaving for distant northwestern countries, traders stayed on the road for a long time, and noted a decline in strength and shaky health, which were observed due to the absence of these fruits in the daily diet.

Later, scientists found that mango has a whole complex useful substances and vitamins, its use has a preventive effect on a person, preventing the most serious diseases.

Regular consumption of mango leads to the fact that the blood vessels are strengthened, cholesterol is removed from the blood, and the heart muscle is strengthened, and its work is greatly improved.

The substances that this fruit contains also perform a hematopoietic function. It is these properties of the fruit that make it possible to avoid cardiovascular diseases, which today affect 15-17% of the inhabitants of countries in the post-Soviet space.

A comprehensive study by American and Australian scientists of the beneficial properties of mango showed that daily consumption of this fruit relieves atherosclerosis, leads to normal blood sugar levels, which helps prevent the onset of a disease such as diabetes. In addition, the substances of this fruit reduce allergic and inflammatory processes in the body, improve brain function.

The huge content of vitamin A in mango has a stimulating effect on improving human visual functions, eliminates dryness of the cornea, helps to cope with diseases such as night blindness, and prevents cataracts and other eye diseases.

In addition to vitamin A, the fruit contains vitamins such as C, D and, of course, B vitamins. In addition to vitamins, mango contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. According to the composition of mineral substances, it is similar to an apple, and therefore has all the same consequences as when eating apples.

An English proverb says that by eating an apple a day, you save on doctors. This is fully true in relation to mango, the use of which strengthens the immune system, protects against acute respiratory infections, infections and colds.

2.2.3. Mango fruit. Harm.

Excess is always bad. Everywhere and in everything. This fully applies to the use of the fruits of the mango tree. If you lean heavily on the use of these fruits, then the first thing that can be felt very quickly is an upset bowel.

Eating more than 2 fruits a day, you can feel a stabbing pain in the abdomen, as well as irritation of the throat mucosa. Further, an allergic reaction to the fruit itself may follow.

A rash may well occur throughout the body, which clearly indicates an excessive ingestion of mangoes into the body. Despite the fact that, unlike many exotic fruits, mango does not require any adaptation period, nevertheless, it is worth remembering that it was brought from afar, which means that there are some restrictions in its use.

You can not use mango and those people who suffer diabetes. The fact is that the fruit contains a lot of sugars, such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, xylose and others. This means that despite all the preventive effect of eating the fruit of the mango tree, diabetics will have to refuse it.

2.2.4. How to eat mango fruit?

Every time you encounter a new type of food, you involuntarily wonder what to do with it. Mango is no exception. Faced for the first time with this fruit, they try to peel it, which, as described above, is not suitable for consumption, and eat it like an apple.

There are no contraindications to such use. The only disadvantage of such use is the huge risk that all hands will be in mango juice up to the elbow, and it will definitely fall on clothes. And this juice is displayed very badly, and you run the risk of parting with spoiled clothes forever. And if the process of eating mango takes place somewhere at a party, then you risk ruining the evening for yourself and your hosts.

To avoid such embarrassment, it is necessary to eat mangoes in more accurate ways. To do this, an incision is made along the entire length of the fruit on both sides, thus cutting off all the pulp from the fruit bone.

In the hands there will be two halves of the fruit, which can be turned out with the pulp out, cutting it into small squares on the peel, which are very convenient to eat without being at risk of getting dirty.

2.3. pomelo

2.3.1. Biology pomelo

The first mention of the use of pomelo dates back to 100 BC. The records are preserved in Chinese manuscripts. The homeland of the pomelo is considered to be Malaysia, the southeastern part of Asia, the islands of Fiji and Tongo. Pomelo is considered a symbol of well-being and prosperity, so in China this fruit is usually given on the eve of the Chinese New Year. For offerings to the gods and rituals, the fruit is used in Thailand. The pomelo was brought to European countries by a British navigator in the 14th century. To date, pomelo is cultivated on an export scale in China, Japan, Vietnam, Taiwan, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Israel and Tahiti.

Pomelo ) are the citrus fruits of the evergreen tree of the same name. Pomelo is a relative of tangerines, oranges and grapefruit. By the way, this is not a variety of grapefruit, but an independent species. In size, it is much larger than the citrus fruits known to us. The taste is also somewhat different. Homeland pomelo or pomeplius is the south of China and the equatorial islands Pacific Ocean. In particular, it is quite common in the Cook Islands. In the 15th century, pomeplius came to Europe, spread to Barbados, to the islands of the Caribbean. Now quietly growing in Taiwan, southern Japan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Tahiti, California, and even Israel. Since this fruit was brought to Europe by the English navigator Sheddock, in some places the name after his name was assigned to it, it is called that - sheddog. At home in China, this fruit is especially popular. The Chinese consider this fruit a kind of symbol of prosperity and give it to New Year so that prosperity and good luck come to the house. Maybe that's why the Chinese kept these fruits a secret from strangers for so long. Pomelo trees are quite tall, sometimes reaching a height of 8-10 meters. The branches have large glossy leaves and many internal spines, some varieties without spines. Pamela blooms with large white flowers, the fruits grow either singly or in 6-8 pieces in close proximity to each other. The fruits are large, ranging in size from two to three kilograms, sometimes up to 10 kg are found. The peel is dense yellow-green. Under the peel are large slices and large seeds. The aroma is quite pleasant, like all citrus fruits. Pamela, although outwardly reminiscent of a grapefruit or an orange, is much larger in size, and the taste is also not at all the same, less sweet with a slight pleasant bitterness. The peel of the fruit is quite thick, and the slices are large, separated by hard white partitions, bitter in taste. The color of a ripe pomelo can vary from light green to yellow-pink. The pink color usually acquires only one side, which during ripening was turned to the sun. The fruit is the champion among citrus fruits. Its diameter can be 30 cm, and its weight can reach 10 kg. The taste of pomelo is very close tograpefruit , however, the flesh is not as juicy and, when peeled, the inner membranes are more easily separated from the edible part.

2.3.2. Useful and healing properties.

Pomelo contains a wide range of vitamins (, , IN 1 , IN 2 , B5), minerals ( calcium , potassium , iron , phosphorus , sodium ), fiber, essential oils and organic acids. Nutritionists consider this product to be useful and recommend its use while following a diet. This is due to the ability of pomelo to accelerate metabolic processes, which in turn leads to the burning of body fat and weight loss.

The high content of vitamin C in pomelo increases the body's resistance, helps fight viruses and bacteria, especially in the autumn-spring period. It is also used to reduce pressure, prevent the formation of blood clots in the vessels and tumors of various etymologies.

This fruit is very juicy, perfectly quenches thirst and hunger. Very rich essential oils, antioxidants and ascorbic acid. At home, pomelo is widely used in the treatment colds. Pamela juice is rich in flavonoids, which reduce the action of free radicals that cause aging of cells, and also has antiseptic properties and the ability to strengthen the immune system. Seed extract is successfully used in the treatment of infectious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, in the treatment of eczema, fungal infections, psoriasis. The pulp of the fruit has a beneficial effect on digestive system, it absorbs toxins, improves the breakdown of protein and fats, cleanses the liver, pancreas and intestines. In fact, pomelo is a natural antibiotic. It is successfully used for the prevention of the body with low hemoglobin, with atherosclerosis, with high blood sugar, with hypertensive heart disease. Pomelo improves vision at night. The use of pamela in nutrition increases hemoglobin. Local healers use pamela to prevent the development of cancerous tumors. To do this, use the peel, which contains a large number of bioflavonoids that can stop the development cancer cells. It is especially effective for the treatment of breast cancer in women. What it looks like from a scientific point of view is not yet known, but there are very, very many positive examples.

1. Practical part

Growing tropical plants at home is easy. Everyone can do it, even those who have no experience in gardening. It is necessary to choose a plant and follow the method of growing it. Well, I chose avocados and mangoes, watched them, watered them, measured them. Now I have wonderful plants on my windowsill that continue to grow and delight me every day. Now I will tell you how to plant and care for them.

3.1. Growing avocados

3.1.1. Experience Description

1. Pull out the bone. Carefully cut the avocado so as not to damage the stone located in the center of the fruit. Make an incision 1.2 cm deep around the fruit, then unscrew the two halves in different directions. Carefully remove the bone and set aside.

2.Clean the bone. Rinse the bone carefully warm water, removing the remnants of the pulp with your hands. Do not use soap, and try not to damage the brown shell, otherwise the stone may deteriorate and not germinate.

3. Insert the toothpicks into the bone. Holding the pit with the pointed end up, insert four toothpicks into the middle of the pit, about 5mm deep, evenly spaced. Thus, the bone can be half immersed in water in a glass, without complete immersion.

4.Fill a glass or other container with water. Pour water up to the brim into a small narrow container (preferably glass). The stone should fit in this container without problems, but if the container is too wide, the toothpicks will not reach the edges and the stone will fall into the water.

5. Place the bone with inserted toothpicks on the edges of the container. The toothpicks should rest on the edge of the container, leaving the bone half submerged in the water. Make sure the sharp end of the pit is pointing up and the blunt end is in the water, otherwise the pit will not sprout.

6.Wait for germination. Place the container of avocados in a secluded area near a window or other well-lit area. Over time, roots and sprouts will appear.

3.1.2. Plant development observation. Avocado.

3.2. Mango cultivation

3.2.1. Experience Description

1. We extract the bone from a ripe fruit. To do this, cut it in half, take out the bone and clean it from the remnants of the pulp.

2. If the fruit is well ripened, perhaps the bone in it has already opened. Otherwise, you will need to open it yourself with a knife. This is done so that the sprout easily and freely penetrates the ground and quickly begins to develop. Remove the seed from the shell carefully so as not to damage it. If the bone is very dense and it is impossible to split it, leave it to ripen. To do this, wrap the bone with a wet napkin and place in a warm place. Do not forget to periodically add water so that the napkin always remains moist. It can take up to two weeks for a seed to germinate.

3. Pour drainage from pebbles into the bottom of the pot with a layer of 2 cm. Fill the pot with soil. Dig a hole in the center up to 3 cm deep, pour warm water and place the seed in the ground with the sharp end down so that a quarter of it remains above the ground. This part does not need to be covered. If you correctly position the seed, then its root will be at the bottom, and ¼ of its part on the surface. Now carefully water the planting.

4. We build a mini-greenhouse over the pot. To do this, cut plastic bottle and put the top with a lid on the pot. Now put the pot in a warm, well-lit place and wait for seedlings. Open the cap on the bottle periodically to allow air to enter. The bottle can be replaced with cling film stretched over the surface of the pot.

5. The first shoots appear after about 3-4 weeks. During this time, remember to maintain moderate humidity and provide stable high temperature(not lower than 22–25 С°).

6. Young shoots need light, warmth and moisture. In addition to regular watering, spray the seedling.

7. A grown, strengthened seedling is planted in a more spacious pot filled with fertile soil.

3.2.2. Plant development observation. Mango.

3.3. Growing pomelo.

3.3.1. Experience Description

1. In order to grow a pamela fruit in your home, you first need to acquire seeds. To do this, you should buy fresh fruit in the store. For planting, it is worth choosing only the largest seeds-seeds and leaving them to dry for a while in the air.

2. Then you should take a saucer (or other shallow container) and cover its bottom with a napkin or cotton wool soaked in water. Then you need to put the seeds in a warm place, regularly wetting the napkin.

3. When the seeds of the fruit germinate, it will be necessary to prepare another container for the further cultivation of the crop tree. The bottom of the tank is recommended to be laid with drainage.

4. Pamela grows well at home in a regular soil mixture, which can be purchased at any flower shop. Pomelo seeds are planted in holes about 1.5-2 cm deep. In this case, the roots should be directed down.

Conclusion.

My work has confirmed that tropical plants can be grown at home.I managed to grow tropical plants at home.The results of my work can find practical application: grown flowering plants can be used for classroom gardening, school recreation or donated to friends and relatives.

In conclusion, I want to say that growing exotic plants in our latitudes is an interesting and rewarding activity. Most indoor plants - natives of the equatorial latitudes feel great on the southern windowsills of the northern countries, bloom and bear fruit. The main thing is to provide them with proper and regular care, a lot of light, heat and moisture, as in their native climate, and then you can recreate a small tropical garden in your home.

Literature:

1. Plant care. 300 questions and answers by I. Krupichev, 2004.

2. Avadyaeva E.N. Houseplants, Moscow "Olma-PRESS" 2001
3. Nosov A. medicinal plants, Moscow, 1999
4. Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky, Moscow "Enlightenment" 2010
5. Serpukhova V.I. "Indoor plants", M., 1991
6. Stepura A. “Indoor plants. Practical encyclopedia”, Mir knigi publishing house, Moscow, 2004

Internet resources:

Project name: "The development of a plant from a seed"

Objective of the project: to trace how new plants grow from seeds, to find out by experience what conditions are necessary for seed germination.

Project objectives:

• Prepare the necessary equipment for the project
• Individually create conditions for the germination of plants for each project participant.
• Self-sprout the selected plant from the seed
• Record your observations in a diary
• draw conclusions about this project.

Activities:

• search engine- work with literature and Internet resources about various plants
• creative- development of interest and broadening the horizons of students
• research– observation of grown plants

Object of study: seeds of cucumbers, tomatoes, beans, wheat.

Subject of study: plant growth conditions

Practical output of the project: creation of a collective project

Relevance

The world of plants is amazing and diverse. Every attentive observer and thoughtful researcher can discover something new in it.

In the lessons of "Biology" we got acquainted with the development of plants from seeds. This was the basis for the creation of our project. In our class, several students expressed a desire to grow their own plant and observe its development, and the rest observed the control process of seed germination and plant cultivation in the class.

The research work is divided into two parts: theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, we studied the issues of seed germination and processed the necessary information. In the practical part, experimental research methods were used, based on the results of which we made the appropriate conclusions.

Hypothesis

Among a wide variety of plants, all seeds need the same conditions for germination. Therefore, we assumed that the seeds of beans, cucumber, tomato, wheat, beans can be germinated at home. For the purity of the experiment, we used various material for planting: sawdust, soil, peat tablets and hydrogel.

Before the start of the study, a hypothesis: if one of the conditions is excluded, then the seeds will not germinate.

Project Implementation Plan

• Specify the conditions for seed germination. Stages of seed germination.
• To find out effective methods germinating seeds at home.
• Watch the development of sprouts.
• Monitor compliance with the conditions.
• Keep an observation diary.
• Acquire new knowledge.
• Get the end result.
• Make a conclusion.

Expected results

It is assumed that as a result of the work a project will be created.

Grade 5 students will show interest and take an active part in the search for materials about plants in order to further design the project, expand their horizons, and gain experience in the field of crop production.

The implementation of the project will solve the problems of educating an active life position children, the formation of a sense of responsibility.

The purpose of my work- grow an avocado plant at home.

project product will be an avocado plant.

To achieve this goal, I need to solve the following tasks:

1. Collect material on the topic.
2. Analyze the collected information.
3. Collect and prepare seeds for sowing.
4. Germinate and plant seeds.
5. Observe and record plant growth.

Methods:

1. Search for information on the Internet, in the library.
2. Study and analysis of literature.
3. observation, comparison.
4. Agricultural practices for growing avocados.

Conclusions:

1. After studying the literature on growing avocados at home, I learned that it is more efficient to propagate avocados (Avocado) can vegetatively or by vaccination.
2. Therefore, I grow two more plants to obtain material on these propagation methods.
3. Work on the formation of an avocado plant will continue.

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