Children under the group about the Second World War. How to tell children about the war? Children about the Great Patriotic War

Hope Sasina
NOD "To preschoolers about the Great Patriotic War»

Synopsis of OD in the senior group

« Preschoolers about the Great Patriotic War»

Target: creating conditions for the formation of children's ideas about Great Patriotic War.

Tasks:

Build an understanding of how women and children have been involved in Great Patriotic War.

Contribute to the accumulation of knowledge about historical facts and phenomena.

To develop a cognitive interest in historical events, the ability to listen and draw conclusions.

Cultivate patriotism in elders preschoolers, a sense of pride in one's people, respect and gratitude for veterans Great Patriotic War.

Activities: perception fiction and folklore, communicative, musical, motor, game, visual.

Forms of organization: group, subgroup, individual.

Implementation forms: pronunciation of proverbs, reading poems, outdoor game, non-traditional drawing (crumpled paper, slide viewing.

Equipment: Photos, multimedia, model of the Eternal Flame, carnations, poster, with a painted bouquet, gouache, paper, bandages, caps, skittles, hoops, model of a military vehicle.

preliminary work: Conversations about Great Patriotic War, about Victory Day, about veterans. Looking at illustrations and photographs war. Learning proverbs and sayings, reading stories and poems. Listening to military songs. Drawing on a theme "Victory Day". Didactic and outdoor games on a military theme. Making eternal flame, war machine, carnations.

OD move

caregiver: In a few days our country will celebrate great holiday - Victory Day. When is it celebrated? What holiday is it? (children's answers)

caregiver: For 70 years we have been living in peace thanks to our WWII veterans. And who are the veterans? (children's answers)

Guys, do you want to go to that distant past in our car and see how everything happened? (children's answers) Then go (getting into the car).

caregiver: June 22, 1941 is one of the saddest dates in the history of Russia, a day that cannot be forgotten. On this distant summer day, people were doing their usual things. And no one suspected that pleasant chores, fervent games, and many lives would be crossed out by one terrible word - war(song "Sacred war» )

Suddenly, huge forces moved towards our motherland: tanks, infantry, aircraft, artillery. German planes bombed cities, airfields, railway stations, bombs fell on hospitals, residential buildings, kindergartens, schools.

The most important battle was the battle for Stalingrad. This battle was a turning point in war. From that day on, our troops only advanced, while the Nazis retreated.

During wars one of the best generals was Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. Where he commanded the front, the army always defeated the Nazis.

Both men and women went to the front (slide show).

What did the women do war? (children's answers)

Let's imagine that we are in that distant 1941. Nurse girls, soldier boys are wounded.

The game "Bandage the wounded".

caregiver: Let's keep going (getting into the car). Soviet troops showed miracles of heroism and stamina. Many cities heroically defended their freedom, defended our Motherland. After wars these cities were awarded the titles "hero cities". What hero cities do you know (Volgograd, Moscow, Tula, Oryol, Smolensk, Odessa, Sevastopol, Novorossiysk, Murmansk, Kyiv, Leningrad) war many proverbs and sayings were composed by the fighters. Let's remember them.

Children: Russian soldier knows no barriers.

The soldier's business is to fight bravely and skillfully.

Stand up for each other and win the fight.

Gain wisdom in learning, courage in battle.

Die from your native land - do not leave!

Where there is courage, there is victory.

Who trembles, he runs from the enemy.

caregiver: How could children help their parents? (children's answers)

The game "Carry the shells"

caregiver: War lasted four long years. Our valiant army not only drove the Germans from our land, but also liberated the peoples of other countries captured by Nazi Germany. Our soldiers reached Berlin, the capital of Germany. And there, on the main building, which was called the Reichstag, our red flag of Victory was hoisted. Horror and loss Great Patriotic War united all people in the struggle against fascism and therefore the joy of victory in 1945 swept not only Russia, but the whole world. It was a holiday of the whole people with tears in their eyes. Everyone rejoiced at the Victory and mourned the dead (slide show).

caregiver: The Great Patriotic War was the hardest of all wars. In this terrible war more than 20 million of our people died, including fellow countrymen from Saratov. The memory of the fallen heroes will forever remain in our hearts. To all those soldiers whose names remained unknown, monuments were erected throughout the country. In Moscow, such a monument is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. There is always an eternal flame burning (photo show).

Children: For the native country people

They gave their lives

We will never forget

Fallen in valiant combat.

Burn, candle, do not fade,

Don't let the darkness creep in.

Don't let the living forget all those

dead on war!

Quiet, guys, a moment of silence

Let's honor the memory of the heroes.

Who went to the front and did not return,

Let's remember in a century, in a year.

About those who will never come,

Let's remember.

moment of silence (metronome music)

Dance "About that spring"

caregiver: Guys, what did we talk about today? (children's answers) We will never forget those who burned in tanks, who rushed from the trenches under hurricane fire, who did not spare their lives and overcame everything. Not for the sake of awards and honors, but so that we can now live, study, work and be happy. Guys, how did people keep the memory of this terrible time in our city of Saratov? (children's answers)

caregiver: Guys, be sure to go to the Victory Parade. Do not forget to congratulate the veterans, thank them for today's peace on Earth. Do you want to give a gift to veterans? (children's answers) I propose to draw a bouquet of carnations.

Drawing a bouquet of carnations with crumpled paper (song "Victory Day")

Related publications:

The patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. It is necessary to restore this connection in order to.

The wall newspaper contains stories of children (Kholova Maryana, Nazarov Alexey and Maria, Selivanov Ivan, Fomina Albina) about their great-grandfathers who participated.

Every year the victorious May 1945 moves away from us. But this sacred day remains in the memory of generations as an example of stamina and courage.

No matter how much time has passed since the day of the Victory, the events of the forties of the twentieth century are still fresh in the memory of the people, and not the last role.

Synopsis of the NOD "Victory, Victory, Victory!" - dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Great Patriotic War. Eternal glory to the heroes who died in the war. Purpose: To intensify work on familiarizing older children preschool age with the history and feat of the people in the Great Patriotic War,.

Scenario of the holiday dedicated to the Day of Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. for children of senior preschool age "From the heroes of bygone times"

HOLIDAY SCENARIO

Equipment: phonograms, images of objects on paper, 4 boards (“bumps”), 2 envelopes with reports, 3 small soft balls, a large basket (to hit with balls), artificial flowers for dancing (daffodils, tulips, violets), a stand with photographs of WWII heroes , sweet prizes.

Event progress.

Children to the song “From the Heroes of Bygone Times” (music by E. Agranovich, lyrics by R. Khozak, film “Officers”) enter the hall.
Child. The spring distances are green,
Fireworks on a May evening
In honor of the soldiers who fell for their homeland,
In honor of the living, whose medals are burning.
Child. War veterans, veterans
There are few of you left...
Continents and countries remember you
For great valor in battle. (Elena Shalamonova "Veterans")
Leading. The Great Patriotic War began in the summer, on June 22, 1941. Until that day, people lived peacefully and did not suspect anything about the disaster that threatened them.
SONG "Summer" op. I. Belyakova, music. E. Chetverikova.
DANCE "Russian dance" Russian folk melody, arr. M. Rauchverger.
After the dance, the children stop and listen while standing.
The voice of Levitan sounds. Announcement of the beginning of the war.
Child. The war in the forty-first came,
The Nazis broke into the dawn.
And she tore fate
Five terrible bloody years.
Child. Burning bread and villages,

Cities collapsed.
The boundaries were left.
Hunger, devastation, trouble ... (Nina Karakozova "We will always remember")
SONG "Memory of War" op. M. Sadovsky, music. R. Boyko.
Leading. I know the war took millions
Lives to live and live.
And how many destitute orphans are left,
How many sons had to survive?

How many sleepless nights waiting
Did the wives of soldiers have a chance to spend?
How can we measure human suffering
What pain furious responded?

If it were possible to cure
The heart of a soldier in which fire
As if a fragment hurts and worries
The memory of the past war times.

It stays in memory forever.
A desperate woman's gaze
The son will never return to his mother,
Could there be a worse sentence!

Even the earth, as if dressed in mourning,
My heart was torn to pieces from grief.
And I didn’t want to live, but what can I do,
They had to bear such a share. (S. Kraskova “I know the war claimed millions”)

SONG "My great-grandfather" music. and sl. E. Lyzhova.

Leading. The Great Patriotic War continued for four long years. Everyone did their best to bring victory closer. Artillerymen, tankers, sailors, infantry and other types of troops fought at the front. And all of them, of course, were assisted by scouts. They learned about the plans of the enemy and transmitted their information to the headquarters. “A scout has a sharp eye, a cunning mind, excellent hearing and a hunting scent!” - says a Russian folk proverb. Now we'll see what kind of scouts you would make.
GAME "Be careful." Depicted on paper various items. After the teacher removes the drawing, the children take turns calling the military objects that were on the paper (tank, map, gun, soldier, submarine, cannon).
Leading. Well done! We have obtained the information. We need to transfer them to the headquarters as soon as possible. Our road passes through the swamp. I invite two willing to participate in our game.
GAME "walk through the swamp and deliver a message." Two children are given envelopes. They, rearranging the boards (“hummocks”), must move forward. Whoever delivers the envelopes to the headquarters faster, he receives a sweet prize.
Leading. An important role in the war was played by fighters - snipers. They risked their lives, sometimes for several days, tracked down the enemy and eliminated him. Now we will be snipers.
GAME "Snipers". Children take turns getting small balls into the baskets from a distance of 3-4 meters. Three attempts are given. The guys who hit the target receive a sweet prize.
Child. Who said that you have to give up songs in the war?
After the battle, the heart asks for music doubly. (Twardowski)
SONG "Katyusha" music. M. Blanter, sl. M. Isakovsky.

presenter. Here, on this stand, are photographs of our heroes, our acquaintances, relatives and friends. Those who fought, who risked their lives in the name of peace on Earth. (Show booth).
Child. happy morning-
A wonderful gift!
They reflected
Strikes at the front.
From the land, from the sea, from the sky
Driven off the enemy.
All the memory of the ancestors
Light, dear.

Child. Let for a minute
All speeches are silenced ...
And in memory of them
Candles are lit. (T. Lavrova "May 9")

presenter. A moment of silence is announced.
All present stand up. Recording is enabled. And Kirillov "A Minute of Silence".
Child."No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten" -
Burning inscription on a block of granite.

The wind plays with faded leaves.
And the wreaths fall asleep with cold snow.

But, like a fire, at the foot is a carnation.
Nobody is forgotten and nothing is forgotten. (A. Shamarin "No one is forgotten")

SONG "Eternal Flame" op. D. Chibisova (translated from Ukrainian by K. Lidina), music. A. Filippenko.

Child. In the festive sky peals
A roar is heard here and there.
Look guys
The fireworks are starting!

Like bright bouquets
Red yellow, blue-
In the sky for Victory Day
Blossomed for you and me! (Irina Zakharova "Salute")

DANCE "Waltz" S. Stempevsky (with flowers)

Child. Let wars disappear forever
So that the children of the whole Earth
We could sleep peacefully at home
Could dance and sing
To make the sun smile
Reflected in the bright windows
And shone over the earth
To all people
And we are with you! (M. Plyatskovsky "To make the sun smile")

SONG "Our Russia is beautiful!" music and sl. Z. Root.

Leading. I congratulate everyone on the Victory Day!
The music turns on - Soso Pavliashvili's song "May 9".

Synopsis of the integrated GCD “May 9 - Day Great Victory» for children of preparatory group for school.

Organizational and motivational stage

Main (operational) stage

Educator: Where and how can I find out information about the heroes of the war?
Children's answers: In books, newspapers, ask adults.
The teacher invites the children to divide into two subgroups (using the stars and St. George ribbons depicted on the badges) and learn about the heroes of the Second World War by looking at a photo album depicting the heroic deeds of Russian soldiers and studying information from newspapers.
Educator: What did you learn about the heroes of the Second World War?
Children: Heroes perform feats, save people, protect children.
Educator: What do you think, what is a "feat"?
Children: This is a brave, courageous, heroic, selfless, good deed.
Educator: On May 9, 1945, the Great Patriotic War ended, and that day became the brightest and most beloved holiday of the Victory Day of the Russian people!
A picture with the image of soldiers rejoicing in the Victory appears on the multimedia screen.
Educator: The Great Patriotic War was the most difficult of all wars. More than 20 million of our people died in this terrible war. Each of them had relatives and friends. The memory of the fallen heroes will forever remain in our hearts.
An image appears on the media screen eternal memory and mourn for fallen heroes.
Educator: All over the country there are monuments to famous and unknown heroes. Who accomplished the feat - all of them were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union.
An image of the monuments appears on the multimedia screen.
Educator: Many monuments have an eternal flame. There is a custom to honor the memory of the fallen heroes with a moment of silence. Let's bow our heads and honor the memory of the fallen heroes for the Motherland with a moment of silence.
An image of an eternal flame appears on the multimedia screen. The sound of a metronome is heard. The children and the teacher stand up and silently honor the memory of the dead.
Educator: Every year, now on May 9, parades are held on Red Square, fireworks are thundering, cadets, officers of military schools are walking. These are the grandchildren of those who fought in the Second World War.
A picture with the image of the Parade on Red Square appears on the multimedia screen. Fireworks are heard.
Educator: Veterans of the Great Patriotic War open the parade. What is on the chest of veterans?
Children: Orders and medals.
A photo of the veterans appears on the multimedia screen.
Educator: Very soon our country will celebrate a great holiday - Victory Day. This year, May 9 marks the 70th anniversary of the Great Victory.
A picture with the veteran's congratulations appears on the multimedia screen. Fireworks are heard.
Educator: Who do we congratulate on May 9th?
Children: Those who fought during the war.
Educator: How can you call in one word those who once fought, defended our country, worked in the rear?
Children: Veterans of the Great Patriotic War.
Educator: Every year there are fewer and fewer war veterans. Many of them have become very old and sick. Let's think about how we can congratulate the veterans?
A picture appears on the multimedia screen depicting children congratulating veterans.
Children: Give flowers, make a card, say congratulatory words, words of gratitude.
Educator: I propose to combine all the proposals into one common gift and make a congratulatory collage for the Veterans of the Great Patriotic War. What do you think we can depict on the collage?
A picture with the image of veterans' congratulations appears on the multimedia screen.
Children: Flowers, eternal flame, salute, star, photographs.
Teacher: With what materials?
The teacher demonstrates materials for the upcoming work on the easel. Demonstrates technological map № 1.
Children: felt-tip pens, plasticine, different colored paper (corrugated, self-adhesive), napkins, glue, colored sand, brushes.
Educator: Now let's see how we can use these materials.
The teacher discusses the activity algorithms with the children. Demonstrates flow chart No. 2.
Educator: Children, now think about what and how you would like to do, and with what materials?
Children choose their own type of activity and get to work. During productive activity L. Leshchenko's song "Victory Day" sounds (music by D. Tukhmanov, lyrics by V. Kharitonov).

Reflective - evaluative stage

Educator: Children, what did we talk about today?
Children: About the war, about WWII veterans.
Educator: Tell me, what holiday is approaching in May?
Children: Victory Day.
Educator: Who and how do we congratulate on this holiday?
Children: Veterans of the Great Patriotic War. We give flowers, say words of gratitude for a peaceful sky.
Teacher: What did you do for them?
Children: Congratulatory collage.
Educator: We have a beautiful, wonderful collage. Veterans will be pleased that we remember that difficult, great Victory. Let's invite guests to see our collage. Thank you for your help in preparing for the Great Holiday!
Used literature and Internet resources
The program "From birth to school" ed. N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva. - M.: Mosaic-Synthesis. 2013.
Aleshina N.V. Patriotic education of preschool children. - M .: UTs "Perspective", 2008.
Zhukovskaya R.I. "Motherland". - M.: Enlightenment, 1985.
Comprehensive classes on the program "From birth to school" ed. N. E. Veraksa, T. S. Komarova, M. A. Vasilyeva. Group preparatory to school / ed. comp. N.V. Lobodin. Ed. 2nd. Volgograd: Teacher, 2013.
Komarova T.S., Komarova I.I., Tulikov A.V. "Information and communication technologies in preschool education". - M.: Mosaic-Synthesis Publishing House. 2011.
Kazakova T.G. "Develop creativity in children." - M.: Enlightenment, 1985.
Konovalenko V.V., Konovalenko S.V. "Development of coherent speech". - M .: Publishing house GNOM and D, 2001.
Lykova I.A. "Visual activity in kindergarten." - M.: Karapuz Publishing House - Didactics. Creative Center Sphere. 2007.
Podrezova T.I. “Planning and abstracts of classes on the development of children's speech in a preschool educational institution. Patriotic education. - M .: Iris - press, 2007.

Work individually or in a small group (5-6 children). It is better to divide the training into three sessions ( 1. "On the battlefields" : At the forefront; decisive battle; Bombing, air raid, blockade; Honey. service. 2. "Heroes of hard times" Partisans; Children and war; Rear assistance; Victory Awards. 3. "Thunder of victory, resound!" Weapons of Victory; Things of war; Capture of Berlin; Victory parade.). After some time (2-3 weeks) it is advisable to repeat the show to consolidate the mastered material and control the quality of its development by children.

On the battlefields. The introductory lesson is devoted directly to the events on the fronts. Start with an introductory conversation: “Every country, every nation has its own holidays. Please remember what holidays we have ( New Year, March 8, Defender of the Fatherland Day). And what holiday do our people celebrate on May 9? (Victory Day). rulers since ancient times different countries sought to expand their territories and conquer other peoples. These rulers started wars that claimed the lives of many people. More than 70 years ago our Motherland was attacked by fascists, foreign invaders...” Explain why the war is called the Great Patriotic War. “Indeed, the war seized vast territories of our country, tens of millions of people took part in it, it lasted for four long years, participation in it demanded from our people an enormous strain of all physical and spiritual forces. It is called the Patriotic War because this war is just, aimed at protecting the Fatherland. The first lesson will give children an idea of ​​the enemy invasion, of the heroic deeds of our army during the war. We conclude the lesson with a story about those who saved the wounded, carried them out of the battlefield - military doctors.

Heroes of hard times.“Our VICTORY was forged not only at the front! Not only soldiers and officers fought for the freedom of our Motherland. Our entire vast country has risen to fight the enemy. Men and women, elderly people and children brought victory closer to our rear and fought behind enemy lines.” Review the cards. Tell us that the main motto of those difficult years was the words: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!". End the session with a talk about rewards.

Thunder of victory, resound! To defeat a strong enemy, it was necessary to arm our troops well. Tell the children about VICTORY weapons. Then consider the things of war. These silent participants and witnesses of historical events also helped bring the Victory closer. Finish the lesson with a story about the capture of Berlin and the Victory Parade.

Be sure to summarize:“Now you know that one of the most brutal and bloody wars in the history of Russia is called the Great Patriotic War. The victory of our Army and all our people is the main event in the history of Russia in the 20th century! Evil and cruel enemies received a worthy rebuff. Courageous and brave soldiers never lost their spirit, fought to the last, defending their Motherland, their home. We won because all the people of our country rose up to defend it. To remember the war and those who brought victory means to fight for peace. The war must not be forgotten. When a war is forgotten, the ancients said, a new one begins, because memory is the main enemy of war.

Extra work. Reading fiction: A. Mityachev “Why is the Army dear to everyone”, M. Jamil “Girls from Menzelinsk”, M. Svetlov “Soldier of the Soviet Army”, A. Likhanov “Borya Tsarikov”, S. Alekseev “For the sake of life on earth”, S. Alekseev "Stories about the Second World War", collections of stories "Children - Heroes of the Second World War", "Heroes of the Second World War", "Stories about the Second World War". "Malchish-Kibalchish" A.P. Gaidar, "Son of the Regiment" V.P. Kataeva, "My Dear Boys" L.A. Kassilya, "Girl from the city" L.F. Voronkova. Meetings and conversations with veterans. Conducting excursions to places of military glory, visiting museums, memorable memorials. Stories about members of your family who took part in the war.

CHILDREN AND WAR

Difficult, hungry and cold war years are often called military hard times - dashing, evil years. They were hard for all our people, but it was especially hard for the children. Many were left orphans - their fathers died in the war, others lost their parents during the bombing, the third lost not only their relatives, but also their home, the fourth ended up in the territory occupied by the enemies, the fifth were captured by the Germans. The children found themselves face to face with the cruel, merciless force of fascism. Many of them stood on a par with adults shoulder to shoulder in defense of their homeland.

Invite the children to think about what a “feat” is. It is always a bold, courageous act. And what is the name of the person who accomplished the feat? (Hero.) Read stories about the exploits of children who helped adults during the Great Patriotic War. They blew up trains and ammunition depots, worked as orderlies in hospitals, went to reconnaissance on a par with adults. Tell at least one story of your choice: Zina Portnova, Leni Golikov, Valya Kotik, Nadia Bogdanova, Marat Kazei, Lara Mikheenko, etc.

Open to the children one more page of the topic “Children and War” - the sons of the regiment ... Hungry and frozen, these boys were brought to headquarters dugouts. The commanders and soldiers fed them hot stew and patiently urged them to return home. But many of them had nowhere to return - the war took away their home, relatives. And the harsh commanders themselves or at the insistence of experienced soldiers surrendered, violating instructions. The grown-up sons of the regiment returned to peaceful life, having passed the difficult roads of the war. Over the years. Great Patriotic War hundreds young heroes were awarded military orders and medals.

Questions for consolidation. Who was especially hard during the war? What is the name of the person who accomplished the feat? Which child hero do you know? Who is the son of the regiment?

hard times, feat, hero, fearlessness, courage.

VICTORY AWARDS

During the Great Patriotic War, people who distinguished themselves in battle were awarded by the command - orders and medals. Orders and medals could be awarded for the fact that a soldier, being in a tank on fire, continued to perform a combat mission; for incapacitating at least two tanks or three enemy aircraft in combat; for the fact that the soldier was the first to break into the territory of the enemy and with personal courage helped the success of the common cause; captured an enemy officer. Among the awarded were many scouts who, on night campaigns, destroyed enemy warehouses with military equipment, obtained valuable information at the cost of their own lives, thereby saving the lives of many people. The best artists of the country of that time worked on the creation of orders and medals. With the help of symbols, they showed what exactly this or that medal was awarded to the owner.

For exploits on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, 11,603 soldiers were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, 104 of them received this title twice, and G.K. Zhukov, I.N. Kozhedub and A.I. Pokryshkin - three times. During the Great Patriotic War, 12 orders and 25 medals were established, which were awarded to Soviet soldiers, members of the partisan movement, underground workers, home front workers, and militias. In the relevant directory, you can find their names, find out for what merits they were awarded to the military.

Many orders and medals bear the names of famous commanders: Dmitry Donskoy, Alexander Nevsky, Alexander Suvorov and so on. Suggest to think why awards are named after these generals? Tell us that more than 7 million people were awarded orders and medals.

Questions for consolidation. What military awards do you know? Why did the command give people awards - orders and medals? And what awards do your older relatives have?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: award, award, symbol, order, medal, order bearer, hero.

BOMBING, AIRSTRICKS, BLOCKADE

Fascist planes bombed cities and ports, airfields and railway stations, bombs fell on pioneer camps, kindergartens, hospitals and residential buildings. Fire bombs often started fires. Civilians were on duty on the roofs of houses, extinguishing incendiary bombs in boxes of sand, during the bombing they hid in cellars, basements, and in the subway. Moscow, Leningrad and other cities of our country plunged into complete darkness at night. At that time, there was always a blackout on the windows, which hid the light of a sometimes burning candle or a kerosene lamp, the glass in the frames was glued with paper crosswise, because they could be broken by an explosive wave. The life of the people in those days was difficult and disturbing. There was no heat in the houses, food was given out on cards, because most of the food was sent to the front. Speaking about the blockade of Leningrad, tell us that the Nazis blocked the entrances to the city so that food could not be delivered there, and the inhabitants of the city were forced to starve. Blockade ration - 125 grams of bread from a mixture of sawdust and flour ... Tell us about the Road of Life, which alone connected Leningraders with the mainland. In winter, Lake Ladoga froze over, and now trucks drove across it. They brought food, medicines, ammunition for the troops to Leningrad. And people exhausted from hunger and cold were taken out of the city.

Air defense held back enemy attacks. When enemy planes appeared in the air, our artillery hit the enemy at a higher altitude. Guns that fired upwards at air targets were called anti-aircraft guns. "Anti-aircraft guns" defended the city from enemy air raids.

Questions for consolidation. How did civilians escape the fascist bombings? What is a blockade? What is a pack? How did air defense work?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: air raid, bombing, bomb, incendiary projectile, blackout, bomb shelter, anti-aircraft gun.

MEDICAL SERVICE

The wounded on the battlefields were helped by orderlies, nurses, paramedics and doctors. Nurses carried soldiers from the battlefield, bandaged them, sent them to hospitals. Each fighter and commander knew that in battle there was a “sister”, a fearless person who would not leave in trouble, would provide first aid, drag him to shelter, hide from the bombing. A medical battalion or a mobile military hospital was often located somewhere in a grove, where the cannonade of a nearby front could be heard. Under the canopy of a spacious canvas tent, there were tables shifted in one row, covered with oilcloth. In such tents, military doctors performed operations: they removed fragments, treated wounds. A special group of doctors was the staff of the ambulance trains. Under bombardment, they took out the seriously wounded to the rear of the country. In the rear military hospitals, nurses, paramedics and doctors nursed the wounded soldiers. Most of the doctors of that time were women, someone's mothers, sisters, daughters. The main burden of military everyday life fell on their shoulders, because almost the entire male population was at the forefront.

Talk about the types of injuries. Remember the heroic story of pilot A. Maresyev.

Each soldier must be able to help his comrade if he is wounded. Conduct a training game "Wound". A nurse girl with green paint in her hand. Two boy nurses, clasping their hands like a "high chair", seat the "wounded" on the "high chair". They bring him to the "medical unit", where the nurse smears the sore knee with brilliant green or iodine. Or the wounded lies on the mat, the orderlies run up to him in turn and bandage some part of the body with a bandage - a leg, an arm, a head.

Questions for consolidation. Who carried the wounded from the battlefield? Who operated on them? What is a medical battalion? What was the ambulance for?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: orderly, operation, injury, shrapnel, shell shock, paramedic, surgeon, military doctor, medical battalion, hospital, ambulance train, cannonade.

RESULTS

The Nazis boasted that they would celebrate the New Year in Moscow, but the Soviet troops managed to stop their advance. Our tankers, under a red banner, beat the Nazis on the ground. And the pilots, with red stars on the fuselages of the planes, beat the Nazis in the sky. And the sailors, in peakless caps and vests, beat the Nazis on the seas. And the gunners beat the perfidious fascists with well-aimed shots.

The most stubborn and decisive battle was at the beginning of the winter of 1941 near Moscow. Enemies stood at the gates of the capital. They were sure that they completely surrounded Moscow and brought it to its knees. The capital became a front-line city. At this time, the commander of our troops, General G. Zhukov, was developing a plan for the defense of Moscow. He foresaw everything so that the Germans could not break through to the capital and capture it. On the outskirts of the city, civilians dug barrage ditches, built fortifications - they were preparing to repulse the enemy. Pilots of the Red Army showed miracles of courage: they shot down and destroyed enemy planes. There were 30 kilometers to Moscow when our army, having gathered all its forces, went on the offensive and defeated the Nazis. Many divisions distinguished themselves in the battles near Moscow. The soldiers were not afraid of the terrifying "tigers" and "panthers", they fought to the death, fought in burning tanks, went to ram. The enemy suffered huge losses and retreated. Moscow survived.

And along Red Square, our soldiers, not German soldiers, marched solemnly. The victory near Moscow was the first heavy defeat of the fascist army, which had until then been reputed to be invincible.

Questions for consolidation. How did Moscow prepare for defense? Who commanded our troops?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: Forced march - marching (fast) movement of troops. Attack - a swift, offensive movement of troops. A raid is a surprise attack. Defense is a type of military action. Ramming - an attack on the enemy by striking with your aircraft, tank, ship.

PARTISANS

Consider the picture. Standing behind a tree old man(you can say, an old man), and next to him are young people, all of them with weapons. Look into their eyes, look at their intense looks. What does it say? They are from a partisan detachment, sitting in ambush, carefully looking at the road, waiting for the enemy. Soviet people, who found themselves in the territory occupied by the enemy, as well as soldiers and commanders who were surrounded, went into the forests, created partisan detachments and entered the fight against the Nazi invaders. They tried with all their might and means to help the Soviet troops fighting at the front. The partisans blew up bridges, damaged the enemy's telegraph and telephone communications, set fire to warehouses, pursued and destroyed enemies at every turn. fighting partisans inflicted enormous damage on enemy manpower and equipment. More than 1 million people participated in the partisan movement, the partisans disabled over 1 million enemy soldiers, blew up more than 20 thousand trains and 1600 bridges.

The game "Echelon derailed". Two teams are playing. The first team has "explosives", it must be "laid" under the enemy train. The task of the other team is to detect explosives and clear mines railway track. An adult observes the opposition and tells the children that they are dexterous, brave, fast, attentive.

Contest "Deliver the ammo". Parents and the child move with a ball sandwiched between their foreheads, they must run to the target and put the "cartridge" in the bag, and return back running. Pass the baton to another couple.

Questions for consolidation. Who are the partisans? How did the soldiers find themselves behind enemy lines? How did they help our troops? Why were the bridges blown up? What is sabotage?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: partisan, occupation, encirclement, sabotage, echelon, slope, bridge, explosion, communication (telegraph, telephone).

THINGS OF WAR

Consider binoculars, a soldier's bowler hat, a flask, a lighter, a tablet, etc. Talk about how these things have been applied in practice. Play situations where a flask, for example, saved the life of a fighter, and the lack of binoculars or a lighter prevented him from completing an important task. Perhaps old things are kept in your house - silent witnesses of historical events: a fragment that was pulled out of your great-grandfather's leg in the hospital, a military ID or a belt. Let the child admire these treasures, touch, examine from all sides.

Tell us about the front "triangles". Letters were written on pieces of paper most often with a pencil, because there was no ink or pen in the trenches. There used to be such chemical pencils, very similar to simple ones, but if the tip of the lead of the chemical pencil was wetted, then it began to write like ink. There was no table, no chair, no table lamp. Soldiers had to write letters on their knees, on a stump, in the wrong light homemade lamp or the moon. There were no envelopes and no return address in the war. In moments of calm, the written letter was folded into a “soldier's triangle”, the destination address was written, and instead of the return address, the field mail number. The military postman collected letters and sent them to the rear on passing transport. To receive such a "triangle" was a great happiness. But people were afraid of letters in envelopes from the front. Suggest thinking why? (The envelopes came with a funeral or a notice that someone was missing).

Teach the children how to fold the front triangle.

WEAPON OF VICTORY

To defeat a strong enemy, it was necessary to arm our troops well. Tell us about the military equipment and weapons of those years. The T-34 tank is the best among the tanks of those heroic years. High speed and excellent combat characteristics made it the most massive Soviet tank. He played a decisive role in the victory. And the armored personnel carriers were a good and reliable support for the infantry. They delivered shells to the battlefield. The wounded were taken out under continuous enemy fire. Not only tanks and armored personnel carriers took part in the battles. The artillery gun, which the soldiers affectionately called the "forty-five", became just as legendary. This anti-tank gun was also the most massive weapon of the war. Shortened guns were called howitzers, most often they were used in the capture of cities, to destroy enemy fortifications. They were lighter and more long-range, they were mounted on tracked vehicles, so they could maneuver well during the battle. At the very beginning of the war, Soviet designers created a combat missile - a rocket for the famous Katyusha mortar. "Katyusha" fired rockets at rail guides, and its firing range was 8 km. Tell us about military aviation. The IL-2 attack aircraft attacked from the air not only manpower, but also various military equipment of the enemy. And the Pe-2 bomber had 4 machine guns and up to 1000 kg of bombs on board. These aircraft participated in battles on all fronts.

Questions for consolidation. What types of military equipment do you know? What is heavy military equipment? What is artillery? What shells did the Katyusha fire? How are the types of firearms different? (Size, purpose, combat range, cartridge caliber, type of ammunition, lethal force).

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: tank, armored personnel carrier, mortar, howitzer, anti-aircraft weapon, rocket, machine gun, machine gun, battery, volley.

HELP IN THE REAR

The factories and factories of the country worked smoothly and smoothly, day and night, increasing the output of military products every month: grenades, cannons, cartridges, mines, sewed military uniforms. Invite the children to think about who stayed at home, who produced all this, if all the men went to the front.

It was hard work! Daily, heavy, long - without days off and often without sleep. But at the same time, at home, it was necessary to feed and educate small children, support those old people who could no longer work, write letters to the front to their husbands, fathers and sons.

The children immediately grew up, because it was necessary to help adults in all matters. They worked in factories that made shells for the front, parts for cars, boilers for camp kitchens. Instead of a carefree happy childhood with fun games and fun, children worked on machines for 10-12 hours a day, helping adults make weapons and things to defeat the enemy. Poorly dressed, swollen from hunger, never getting enough sleep, they worked on a par with adults. Often they did not reach the workbench or machine, and they made special stands from boxes. In the heat or in the bitter cold (in the workshop there was often only a roof, but there were no walls), biting their lips to blood, they did not surrender to fatigue. They did not leave the machine for days. Such Vanya and Sani, Petya and Vovka forged victory in the rear: grenades, cartridges, rifles. But not all children could work in factories or fight. What else could children do during the war? They knitted warm clothes for the front: mittens, socks, sewed and embroidered tobacco pouches, helped the wounded in hospitals, gave concerts to support their morale, so that our defenders would not miss their loved ones.

Questions for consolidation. How did children help adults in the rear? What does the words "forge victory" mean?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: rear, plant, factory, workshop, workbench, shells, cartridges, machine tool, pouch, care, warmth.

ON THE FRONT

At dawn on June 21, 1941, when the cities and villages of our Motherland were sleeping peacefully, German planes with bombs took off from the airfields. Gun volleys rolled like thunder across the western border. The air was filled with the rumble of tanks and trucks. Fascist Germany treacherously, without declaring war, attacked our country. The Germans tried to deprive our people of freedom, to seize lands and cities. The enemy expected to deal with us with a quick and swift blow.

But they miscalculated deeply. As one, our people rose to defend their homeland and freedom. Every day, trains took soldiers to the front (this is the line of troops), to the front line (the first line of battles). Relatives and friends saw them off with tears in their eyes. At the forefront of hunger, heat or cold, explosions rumble, bullets whistle ... Not knowing the rest, the soldiers dug trenches (shelters for firing and protection from fire), dragged heavy cannons on themselves, conducted aimed fire and died for their country Heavy and bloody there was a war. But the fighters did not spare themselves, defending their homeland. "Victory will be ours!" - these words sounded everywhere.

Discuss with the children why it was necessary to dig trenches and trenches on the front line. Try to imagine what it was like to sit in a damp trench all day and night, periodically rising to the attack under heavy enemy fire. Tell us that the only protection from the weather was an overcoat and raincoat. Raincoat-tent protected from rain, wind and snow. The overcoat often served the soldiers not only as clothes, but also as a blanket and saved them from the cold at night.

Questions for consolidation. When did WWII start? Who attacked our country and why? What does the word "perfidious" mean? What is an advanced?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary. War, front, enemy, front line, trench, trench, bullet, explosion, soldier, officer, overcoat, cape.

VICTORY PARADE

The bloody war continued for many years, but the enemy was defeated, and Germany signed an act of unconditional surrender (a document in which the Nazis recognized themselves as defeated). On May 9, 1945, thousands of bitterns took to the streets of the capital. The people rejoiced and sang, couples were spinning in the streets in a victorious waltz. People laughed, cried, strangers hugged each other. It was a holiday of the whole people with tears in their eyes! Everyone rejoiced at the great victory over the enemy and mourned the dead. And on June 24, 1945, the Victory Parade took place in Moscow. The victorious warriors marched in orderly rows across Red Square. They carried the banners of the defeated enemy and threw them on the paving stones of the ancient square. Since then, this holiday has become a truly national celebration!

In honor of this wonderful holiday, every year on May 9, celebrations are held in all cities of Russia. In the capital of our Motherland, Moscow, a military parade is taking place on Red Square. The streets bloom with smiles of joy, lush bouquets of flowers and bright balloons, solemn music sounds. In the memorable places of the capital - on Poklonnaya Hill, at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, on the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater, veterans-front-line soldiers, shining with orders and medals, gather. They share with us, their grateful descendants, stories about the dashing wartime, meet with their fighting friends. We are grateful to them for the fact that they won the fierce battle with the enemy, defended our native land and peaceful life for us. We will be worthy of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers!

Questions for consolidation. When and where was the act of unconditional surrender signed? When was the first Victory Parade held in Moscow? Why is the holiday of May 9 called a holiday with tears in the eyes? For what should we be grateful to war veterans?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: capitulation, victory, winner, parade, front-line veterans, Eternal Flame, memory, gratitude.

CAPTURE OF BERLIN

The war ended in May 1945. Soviet soldiers liberated from the Nazis not only our country, but also other European countries. The last battles were in Berlin - the capital of Germany. There were battles for every street, for every house. But soviet soldiers at the cost of their own lives, they saved the Berliners from bullets and shells. And finally, our soldiers took the Reichstag (the building where the German government worked) and installed a red banner on its roof. This meant the victory of our country in the Great Patriotic War.

Suggest thinking about what word can be used instead of the word "flag"? (Banner.) The word "flag" appeared in Russia during the time of Peter the Great. The word "banner" is much older. It is solemn, and the flag banner is necessarily large. The flag may be small, but the banner may not. Warriors fought under the banner in battle. It happened that people gave their lives just to save the banner, not to let the enemies capture it. In battle, hoisting a banner over the enemy camp meant victory.

Play a team game "Raise the Banner". A gymnastic bench is placed against each team, then there is an arc and three circles of cardboard lie. At the signal "Forward!" flag guide runs over gymnastic bench, crawls under the arc, jumps from one circle to another and returns to his team, passes the flag to the next participant. The last participant runs up to the stand and sets the flag in it. After that, all players run up to their flag, stand around it and shout “Victory!” in unison.

Questions for consolidation. When did the Great Patriotic War end? What is the Reichstag? What did the installation of a banner on the roof of the Reichstag mean?

Words to enrich the children's vocabulary: liberation, hoisting, banner, flag, victorious warrior.

See also:

Julia Velikanova
Project "For Children about the War" for the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War

I want the children to know

About that Great War

When their great-grandfathers and grandfathers

They defended their country.

If not for that generation

What fought itself without sparing,

That would not be Russia,

Or maybe you and me.

Project relevance:

The patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most urgent tasks of our time. The upbringing of patriotic feelings must begin from preschool age, because it is at this stage that the personality of the child is formed. One cannot be a patriot without feeling a personal connection with the Motherland, without knowing how our ancestors, our fathers and grandfathers loved, cherished and defended it. Patriotic feeling does not arise by itself. This is the result of a long, purposeful educational impact on a person, starting from childhood. The creation of the project is aimed at instilling in preschoolers a sense of pride in their people, respect for its achievements and worthy pages of history. This project involves the involvement of children and parents in the participation and celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Objective of the project: moral and patriotic education of children through familiarization with the historical events of our country.

To cultivate patriotic feelings, an emotionally positive attitude towards the defending soldiers, the desire to be as bold, courageous and noble;

To acquaint children with the history of the Great Patriotic War, with stories about the exploits of Russian soldiers;

Reveal the meaning of victory in the Second World War, peace for all people living on earth;

Lead to the perception of works of art about the war;

Clarify children's knowledge about the Victory Day holiday;

Project type:

Group (participants - children, parents, creative group of preschool educational institutions);

Short term: March-May 2015.

Project type:

Socio-cognitive;

Creative.

The age of the children for whom the project is designed: the senior and preparatory group for school (5-7 years).

Expected results:

Understanding the importance of the holiday - Victory Day in the life of a Russian person;

Maintaining interest in the history of their country, in the Great Patriotic War, a conscious manifestation of respect for the merits and exploits of the participants

Great Patriotic War;

Involving parents in the pedagogical process of the preschool educational institution, strengthening the awareness of parents of the importance of patriotic education of preschoolers;

Conducting a master class for teachers and parents on making souvenirs for veterans;

Design of an exhibition of drawings dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War;

Creation of an album with photographs together with the parents of the pupils "Our great-grandfathers are heroes";

Holding a holiday "Victory Day";

Creation of films dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Project activity product:

Drawings dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War;

Souvenirs for veterans of the Great Patriotic War;

Drawing up a card file of fiction and journalistic literature, abstracts of classes, conversations, holidays, leisure activities on the topic of the project;

Presentations in Microsoft PowerPoint format “For children about the war”; "Eternal glory to the heroes"; “Let's bow to those great years…”;

Album "Our great-grandfathers are heroes";

Holiday "Victory Day";

Films dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War.

Project Implementation Plan

Preparatory

Creation of a creative group to develop an action plan March 2015 head of preschool educational institution, senior educator

Development of regulations on the creative group for the implementation of the project and organization of its activities March 2015 senior educator

Development of an action plan to prepare for the 70th anniversary of the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War March 2015 senior educator, creative group

Selection and study of an educational and methodological set on the subject of the Project (methodological and fiction, illustrations, reproductions, postcards, etc.) March 2015 senior educator, creative group,

preschool teachers

Launch of the project "For Children about the War" March-April

2015 senior educator, creative group

Work with children

Informative conversations "About the Great Patriotic War", "Why is the war called the Great Patriotic War?";

"Victory Day", "Children and War"; " Main holiday- Victory Day!" et al. April 2015

Examination of illustrations, paintings on the topic. April 2015

Reading fiction April 2015

Conducting classes dedicated to the Second World War April-May

Viewing presentations "For children about the war"; "Eternal glory to the heroes"; "Let's Bow to Those Great Years...", "Monuments of the Great Patriotic War in Novokuznetsk" April

Solving pedagogical problems: “Go to reconnaissance”, “Help the wounded”. April

Music: listening and singing musical works by A. Filippenko "Eternal Flame",

M. Starokadomsky "March of Victory", "My Russia" music. G. Struve; songs of the war years. April 2015

Learning poems about the war. April-May 2015

Children's stories about the war May 2015

Working with parents

Consultations "The role of the family in the education of patriotic feelings among preschoolers"; How to tell a child about the Great Patriotic War? April 2015

Master class "Making souvenirs as a gift to war veterans." April 2015

Participation of parents in the drawing competition. May 2015

Participation of parents in the creation of films dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. March – May 2015

Creation of the album "Our great-grandfathers are heroes" March-May 2015

Working with teachers

Collection methodological material about the Great Patriotic War. March, April

Development of abstracts for GCD, events. March-May 2015

Master class "Making souvenirs as a gift to war veterans." March-April 2015

Participation in the creation of a film dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. March 2015

Design of a thematic exhibition in the book corner March-May 2015.

The final stage

Exhibition of drawings dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War May 2015

Holiday "Victory Day" May 2015

Screening of films dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. March-May 2015

Related publications:

"Happy Childhood" project dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War Type of project: short-term, group, together with the family, for children 4-5 years old. Relevance: Preschool age is the most important period of formation.

Group project for the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War "In Memory of the Fallen" Dear colleagues, I bring to your attention the planned group project for the 70th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War "In memory of the fallen."

RELEVANCE OF THE PROBLEM Children, starting from preschool age, suffer from a lack of knowledge about their native land, country, features of native traditions.

Project for the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War "Living memory of Russia" Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution child development center Kindergarten No. 10, Vyazma, Smolensk region.

Project for preschoolers 6–7 years old on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War “Let's bow to those great years” 1. RELEVANCE OF THE PROJECT significant date- 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic education.