Local sewage treatment facilities. How local treatment facilities work for a private house

AT modern world the most different technologies that can significantly improve people's lives. One such system is various local treatment facilities. Similar devices and units are designed for sewage wastewater treatment. They are simply indispensable country houses. In this article, we will talk about such a system as a local sewage treatment system and what devices are used in it.

Very often from workers public utilities you can hear such an abbreviation as LOS. If in a simple way, then such devices are called local treatment facilities, they form the basis autonomous sewerage.

Note! Classical wastewater treatment plants operate on the principle of reducing the flow rate of wastewater. As a result of the drop in speed, solid particles settle to the bottom, and the rest of the sewage is subsequently removed using post-treatment devices.

In order for classical treatment facilities to cope with their task, it is necessary to choose the right volumes of containers into which wastewater will fall. According to certain calculations carried out by experts, one person consumes up to 200 liters of water per day. This means that the amount of "produced" wastewater is the same.

For a classic treatment system, it is necessary that the effluents settle for several days. Therefore, the containers must be large, and this is very difficult for private houses. That is why autonomous sewer systems do not use the classic method of wastewater treatment.

VOCs are designed to treat wastewater from private houses, summer cottages or a small village. Where there is no way to connect to a centralized sewer system, the owners of suburban real estate are building autonomous devices. These include the following buildings:

• septic tanks;
• aeration tanks;
• biofilters.

Note! Each of these structures has its own characteristics and the area of ​​​​the most effective use. But in addition to the VOCs themselves, filtering devices must be included in the autonomous sewage system. Only in this case it is possible to approach the level of wastewater treatment of 98-100%.

Very often, when talking about an autonomous sewage system, the owners of country houses recall such treatment facilities as septic tanks. Such devices are plastic (sometimes there are other materials, especially if the septic tank was made independently) container or several containers.

The choice of plastic as a material for tanks is determined by its positive characteristics:

• the ease of the resulting structure, which greatly facilitates transportation and installation;
• easily tolerates the impact of aggressive environments;
• does not give in to corrosion;
• has sufficient strength.

Inside each tank there are several sections, each of which performs its task. Some sections play the role of a sump, in others the wastewater is treated with the help of colonies of microorganisms, in the third - filtration, etc.

Septic tanks are most commonly found in on-site treatment plants for the home. Such popularity is explained by ease of operation and long service life (according to manufacturers, up to 50 years). At the same time, such devices can be either completely autonomous or dependent on electricity supplies.

Note! In most cases, to increase the degree of purification, septic tanks are additionally equipped with aeration or filtration fields. But there are models that are called deep biological treatment stations, which are able to independently clean wastewater to almost 100%.

Such devices are most often found in large treatment facilities that process wastewater from large enterprises or settlements. They are large tanks where water is mixed with activated sludge by supplying oxygen. If we are talking about autonomous systems of private houses, then here the aerotanks are more modest in size and are most often mounted in septic tanks or other VOCs.

Note! Quite often, aeration tanks are equipped with special traps. Such optional equipment helps to clean drains from oil products, grease and other floating substances. Such traps, as a rule, equip aerotanks operating at large treatment facilities.

In addition to aerotanks and septic tanks, biofilters can be used in local treatment systems. Most often, they are part of the LOS. Biofilters are rarely used on their own. Such devices treat wastewater with the help of colonies of microorganisms.

Note! bacteria in aquatic environment saturated with oxygen or without access to air decompose all impurities in the drains. As a result, the output is water containing only simple substances that do not harm the environment.

Getting into the local treatment plant, sewer drains go through several stages in succession. As a result of each of them, the effluents are cleaned of certain pollutants.

Let's consider these stages based on the most common VOC, which are most often used in autonomous sewer systems - a septic tank. Getting into such a device, drains pass through:

• mechanical cleaning. At this stage, the effluents are freed from solid and large fractions. Most often this happens in tanks called a sump. Here, heavy and solid fractions precipitate. After the accumulation of a certain amount of them, sewage is pumped out using a fecal pump or a sewage machine.
• Biological cleaning. This stage can be considered the most important. In special containers, cleaning takes place with the help of colonies of microorganisms. This process can take place without access to atmospheric oxygen. In this case, the septic tank does not need to be connected to the mains. If microorganisms living in an oxygen environment take part in the work, then compressors are used to supply air from the atmosphere. In this case, the septic tank is considered volatile.
• Post-cleaning. After passing through several chambers (sump and biological treatment sections), sewage is considered not completely treated. To remove the remnants of sewage from them, it is necessary to equip a post-treatment system. As a rule, aeration or filtration fields are used as such. In the first case, effluents are poured into special open fields rather big size, the work of microorganisms continues here, but already in the natural environment. To save space, a suburban autonomous cleaning system can be equipped with filtering devices. In this case, the drains from the septic tank fall into ditches or pits filled with rubble or other solid fillers with large fractions.

Note! If you use biological treatment plants on your site, then the principle of their operation is similar to a septic tank. The only significant difference is the absence of aeration or filtration fields.

Since septic tanks are most often used in autonomous treatment systems for a private house, you should familiarize yourself with the recommendations for their operation:

1. Wastewater treatment plants equipped with devices such as airlifts work more efficiently. With their help, activated sludge is not "thrown" out of the septic tank, but remains inside. As a result, cleaning is more efficient and does not require additional “reintroduction” of microorganism colonies.
2. Quantity activated sludge may be redundant. To prevent the septic tank from overflowing, it is better that it is equipped with an aerobic stabilizer.
3. Activated sludge itself is an excellent fertilizer for garden and garden plants. Therefore, you can save a lot by not calling the sewers, but by pumping yourself directly to the beds.
4. For cleaning to be effective, the death of microorganisms must not be allowed. To prevent this from happening, try not to “dump” various poisons, chemicals and aggressive substances into the autonomous sewage system. It is also not recommended to use detergents containing chlorine. This element is poisonous to most types of microorganisms used in septic tanks. In addition, do not flush the contents of the filters from washing vacuum cleaners into the toilet.
5. Since solid contaminants accumulate in the sump, they should not be allowed to enter the sewer. After all, this will increase your operating costs.
6. Periodically conduct a visual inspection of the septic tank. It is worth remembering that although such structures have a fairly simple device, they can sometimes break down.

Video

In the provided videos, you can get more information about the local wastewater treatment plant:

Modern technologies in the sewer equipment market have long been offering highly professional equipment, which is designed to clean sewage to a significantly high degree that meets all the requirements of environmental services.

Such sewer equipment or equipment includes local treatment facilities or, for short, VOCs. But in order to have a complete picture of the structure of such structures, it is necessary to study their internal structure, installation and operation conditions.

It will also be interesting to get acquainted with the approximate cost of such sewer equipment as VOC from different manufacturers.

Local treatment facilities (VOCs) are such facilities or sewer devices, which are designed for deep and complete cleaning of household liquid waste, storm, industrial and technical or any other drains.

This term has been adopted by state level in the Government Decree Russian Federation dated February 12, 1999 No. 167 “On approval of the Rules for the use of public water supply and sewerage systems in the Russian Federation” and today is widely used among specialists in the installation, construction and maintenance of such systems.

The people often call VOCs simply - autonomous sewage. However, this name is applicable only to those sewer systems that exist and function separately from the whole branched highway of urban sewer networks.

VOCs usually represent a whole complex of treatment plants and all kinds of systems in order to receive and treat not only domestic or household wastewater, but also discharges in liquid form from various industries, industrial enterprises or organizations, as well as wastewater from storm sewers, melted snow or groundwater.

Important! The primary task of these facilities is to treat wastewater to such an extent that they fully comply with the norms and standards that ensure the complete safety of the environment, the health of wildlife and people.

What are VOCs

Local treatment facilities are usually classified as two types of facilities:

• consisting of a city centralized sewer network - treat wastewater and send it to the city sewer networks;
• which are an autonomous entity - serves the sewer system of one or another autonomous sewerage of a boarding house, sanatorium, restaurant, hotel, private house, cottage or dacha, i.e. those buildings that are located at a great distance from the centralized city sewer network, to which there is no way to connect.

By and large, the first group includes the most dimensional and large-scale facilities, which include a number of wastewater treatment facilities, forming a whole complex of automated wastewater treatment systems.

These VOCs according to their intended purpose can be both household and industrial. Household receive and purify wastewater from all sorts of points in the population of megacities, cities, suburbs or towns.

And industrial VOCs, judging by the name, treat and recycle wastewater from different kind industries, factories, factories or any workshops, that is, industrial enterprises. VOC.

They are large-scale urban sewerage facilities built in specially designated areas outside the city limits, surrounded by a sanitary zone, on the territory of which it is impossible to live, have picnics and other recreational activities.

Such structures are necessarily serviced by special technical personnel, the equipment, respectively, is volatile, since some devices of the system require power supply: pumps, aerotanks and other devices for cleaning wastewater.

Photo: city sewer VOCs

And such local treatment facilities as autonomous formations already have much smaller dimensions and, accordingly, the least ambitious tasks. Such VOCs are designed to serve household and industrial waste disposal facilities with much smaller volumes, parameters and values.

These objects, as a rule, are sanatoriums, boarding houses, car washes, small manufacturing enterprises, hotels, children's camps, small villages or groups of houses that are located far from the central city sewerage system and do not have the ability to connect to these highways.

Such LOS look smaller than LOS of urban networks, and therefore are called somewhat differently:

These installations must necessarily be supplemented with filtration facilities or devices so that the purified water reaches the highest purification rating from 98 to 100%. These VOCs can exist on their own only for an incomplete wastewater treatment cycle.

Septic tanks

A septic tank is a sewerage structure that consists of one tank divided into chambers, or of several tanks, which are chambers for the operation of a septic tank.

Such structures are small-sized and have in their internal structure all the necessary devices for cleaning and settling wastewater from household waste.

Today, the sewage equipment market offers a wide range of wastewater treatment plant products made from different kind plastic: low-pressure polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP).

These materials are very lightweight, and therefore installations from them are easily mounted. Also, plastic very well withstands all kinds of temperature changes, mechanical loads, pressure and exposure to an aggressive environment of sewage fermentation inside the septic tank.

Septic tanks are not considered the final points of complete wastewater treatment; filtration fields must also be made for them, which provide soil post-treatment by almost 100%.

It is customary to include deep biological treatment plants, which, as a rule, do not require additional installations filtration fields or wells, clearing drains by 98-100%.

Aerotanks

Aerotanks - are special open tanks rectangular shape where wastewater treatment and settling takes place.

Aerotanks also have a long shape and resemble small channels through which wastewater flows, mixing with activated sludge with the help of air flows, which processes wastewater.

Also in the aerotanks, fat inclusions in drains, oil products and other substances that float to the surface can be trapped.

Such devices are not built on their own, but are always included in the composition of entire sewer structures of urban sewers.

Devices such as aeration tanks can often be found in autonomous sewage treatment plants such as septic tanks or deep cleaning stations. Only these aerotanks have a very miniature appearance and are built into the VOC chambers.

Biofilters

Biofilters - as well as aerotanks, are part of the entire VOC of the city sewer, and can also be used for septic tanks in a reduced design.

Biofilters provide the deepest with the help of colonies, which are placed in special devices, where they are provided with a normal environment for life.

• mechanical;
• biological;
• physical and chemical;
• pre-cleaning.

All drains go through certain stages of purification. First, the sewerage system is cleaned of solid suspended particles that settle to the bottom, then fats, oil products and other fat-containing inclusions are captured in wastewater in the form of food waste.

In urban VOCs, the first stage is always the mechanical one, where the trapping and sedimentation takes place. mechanically insoluble or poorly soluble particles that are heavier than the water mass.

If the VOC serves storm sewers or industrial sewers, then at the first stage, the drains will be cleaned of sand, stones, polyethylene, glass, fibrous particles and other types of debris.

Mechanical wastewater treatment

Mechanical treatment of sewage water is designed to process exclusively "black" effluents - the so-called primary sewage, household or industrial effluents that enter the first compartment of the sewage treatment plant.

The first stage of delaying and trapping waste allows it not only to accumulate in tanks through special grates, but also accumulates in tanks, baskets and containers.

After the rags, polyethylene and other garbage accumulate in the baskets, it is sent to the booker, from where it is taken to special landfills or to workshops equipped with crushers that finely crush the garbage.

After crushing, the garbage can go through the following stages of dry cleaning. Heavy-weight stones, glass, sand are deposited at the bottom of the tanks, which are called sand traps.

Subsequently, suspensions are transported through augers or hydraulic elevators to workshops, where stones are removed, and sand is cleaned and used for construction or other work.

Photo: mechanical treatment of sewage water

But the water, purified from large fractions of garbage, flows into another compartment, where the next stage of mechanical processing takes place - purification from substances that are dense in structure, such as petroleum products and oils.

Here come into operation such devices as: grease traps or grease separator, oil traps and flotation machines.

Due to the lightness of fats and oil products, these suspensions float to the surface, are directed by air flows into special containers, where they accumulate, forming a crust, and then are easily removed by the same mechanical method.

Photo: sedimentation tanks for grease trapping

Settling tanks for grease trapping are used in different plans and parameters. These can be large-scale horizontal rectangular structures made of reinforced concrete or brick.

And there may be round, cylindrical devices in the form of wells attached to receiving tanks.

It is these wells that are most convenient to use for grease trapping, because in such wells it is best to body fat accumulate and rise to the top, forming a crust, from where they are then removed.

These wells are cone-shaped containers with collection chutes arranged along the periphery, through which oil products and fat inclusions flow into the container.

Biological wastewater treatment

Water that has already been purified from heavy effluents is called "grey" effluent. These gray drains must now be biologically treated with colonies of bacteria that are able to process the sewage fluid to such an extent that it turns into sludge and water.

Important! The sludge mass should settle and settle to the bottom of the tanks, and the clarified water should flow into the next chamber for further purification.

Bacteria are taken to work precisely when the water no longer contains suspended insoluble particles and consists of those substances that do not float or precipitate, and therefore they are easiest to remove from the water composition by treating it with an organic medium.

Photo: bacterial colonies

Such installations look like septic tanks, settling tanks, inside or near which no additional structures or devices are installed, such as round artificial ponds or open tanks with activated sludge, which contains the necessary microorganisms that ensure the natural course of wastewater purification.

Here, the purification of wastewater does not occur to the end, and therefore the degree of purification after biological ponds is not high. Moreover, in winter time purification on such ponds with the help of bacteria is impossible, therefore, in winter, devices such as aerotanks or biofilters are used.

In aerotanks and biofilters, aeration and recirculation of activated sludge occurs forcibly, which means that all kinds of mechanisms operating on electricity are present in the process of operation.

Thanks to the aeration tanks, which constantly drive air flows into the wastewater, the wastewater is mixed with activated sludge, which contains aerobic bacteria.

These microorganisms are dangerous to human health, but are very useful in purifying wastewater. They are activated when free oxygen molecules are supplied, which is why aerotanks are so important in wastewater treatment plants at the stage of biological treatment.

The organic medium present in activated sludge is very demanding on effluents that have the following undesirable inclusions or content:

• the mandatory presence of nutrients for bacteria in the drains - the water must be dirty and contain organic waste, and the aggressive chemical environment of the drains can kill some life-giving bacteria;
• undesirable types of contaminants should be absent as much as possible in effluents that need to be treated with bacteria - such contaminants may include chlorine-containing, alkaline, acidic and other aggressive chemicals;
• the wastewater temperature necessary for life must be maintained - at temperatures below + 5˚С and above + 60˚С, many types of bacteria die;
• for aerobic bacteria, an optimal oxygen concentration is required, and for anaerobic bacteria, it is practically complete absence oxygen.

Local biofilters in without fail contain a biosubstrate of bacterial colonies, which are located in the filter itself. Aerotanks do not contain biosubstrates, where bacteria are in free movement with air flows through the drains, processing them.

Biological wastewater treatment takes place in the same way as mechanical one, in several stages, during which there is a gradual purification from such substances contained in water as:

• BOD (biological oxygen demand);
• COD (chemical oxygen demand);
• ammonium nitrogen;
• nitrates;
• nitrites;
• and others harmful substances present in treated effluents.

The most significant advantage of aerotanks and biofilters compared to artificial settling ponds or septic tanks is their high efficiency in terms of effluent treatment to the highest degree - 100%.

It is in such structures that it is possible to create the necessary conditions for the development of colonies of life-giving bacteria that process sewage water.

In addition, in biofilters, as well as in aerotanks, effluents can be safely processed even in winter, and on ponds such processing is impossible due to low temperatures. But the advantage of septic tanks or purification ponds is the unpretentiousness of their designs and the comparative cheapness of the installation and its operation as well.

Physical and chemical treatment of wastewater

After biological treatment, significantly clarified water enters such facilities, where it is directly processed by various chemical compounds.

This purification step is necessary because after treatment with bacteria, small dissolved particles may still remain in the water, which, so to speak, are not to the liking of the bacteria. After all, not all inclusions in wastewater are suitable for processing by bacteria.

These substances can be: residues of petroleum products, residues of decay products of food waste, pieces of undissolved particles of any material and other small inclusions.

Photo: physical and chemical treatment of wastewater

The principle of work for the treatment of wastewater from such facilities is as follows: wastewater is actively treated with chemical reagents that are capable of attracting any smallest particles of any kind contained in the water.

Such reagents are coagulants or flocculants, which help to remove and extract the smallest particles of dirt and debris from the water. Reagent molecules tend to stick together and attract molecules of other soluble and insoluble particles in water.

After they have attracted particles to themselves, they begin to stick together with each other, forming lumps, and in some cases flakes, depending on which reagent was used and which particles needed to be attracted. The resulting lumps and flakes are successfully deposited on the bottom of the VOC tank.

Chemical treatment of wastewater occurs, as a rule, in two stages:

• mixing with reagents;
• flocculation.

When mixed with reagents, special pH conditions are created, as well as the required water hardness, so that the effect of particle capture and the formation of lumps or flakes by coagulants or flocculants is most effective.

Mixing of reagents with water occurs either by means of hydraulic mechanisms specially arranged in these tanks, or by means of mechanical efforts with the help of special devices.

The water mixed with the reagents flows into the clod formation and flocculation chamber, where the formed lumps and flakes are deposited on the bottom under the action of the gravitational field (the process is therefore called physicochemical).

Water, thus, is even more clarified and purified and enters the following tanks for a complete purification cycle. Accumulated flakes and lumps from the chamber are removed and disposed of.

Post-treatment of wastewater

At the last stage of wastewater treatment, clarified or 95-98% purified water passes the final treatment through special sorbing filters, reaching 100% purification after treatment.

Such water can be supplied to water receivers, where it can be taken from for use in economic and technical needs.

At the stage of post-treatment, water passes:

• disinfection - removal of bacterial residues that are harmful to human health using chlorine or UV rays;
• disinfection - removal of chemicals in the form of reagent residues using chlorine or UV rays;
• microfiltration - cleaning from small residues of reagents or bacteria;
• filtration through sorption filters - water is purified by separating from it by sorption substances the remnants of harmful particles or molecules.

Purified and neutralized water fully complies with all sanitary and environmental standards and can be freely used in technical and household work, except Food Industry and the use of such water as drinking water (it is not suitable for drinking).

Also, such water can be safely dumped into reservoirs, ponds or rivers - it is completely harmless to the natural environment.

Buildings for giving

Autonomous sewer systems also include portable VOC installations, which can freely serve not just individual houses and families, but entire villages, sanatoriums, boarding houses, car washes, restaurants, cafes or hotels, depending on the volume, performance and parameters of a particular autonomous VOC model.

Such treatment facilities can be perfect for giving. These include popular local treatment facilities: UNILOS, Lokos, Bioksi, Poplar and a host of other manufacturers of sewer plants for deep biological treatment.

Such stations are most often manufactured and installed in a vertical position, some models are able to be installed in any type of soil, clean drains and serve autonomous sewage in a country house no worse than a city one.

Photo: Topas wastewater treatment plant

Such VOCs for autonomous sewers are designed, manufactured and operate on the principle of operation of urban structures, but with the only difference that the chambers and devices have minimal dimensions.

As well as at large stations, most portable VOCs can capture sand, oil products and treat wastewater with biomaterial. Most of these stations treat wastewater up to 98%, which is a very high figure.

These stations are easy to install, maintain, and are not subject to corrosion, as their bodies are made of durable plastic. The units work perfectly in all weather conditions, do not create any annoying noise or unpleasant smell.

In the maintenance of such local treatment plants, which are installed in autonomous sewer systems for summer cottages, attention should be paid to the following working points:

• there is a good opportunity to carry out regular audits internal devices and the degree of water purification due to special timers and control devices;
• aeration devices, which include membranes, last more than 10 years, and therefore there is a high guarantee for uninterrupted excellent wastewater treatment for 10 years;
• switching valves provide the most a high degree wastewater treatment;
• due to the presence of such a device as an airlift, the biomass is not destroyed and is not completely pumped, but remains in the settling chamber, which allows the use of activated sludge without adding any additional biological preparations to it for wastewater treatment;
• automated systems allow the station to be turned on when effluents enter the receiving chamber in a certain volume, and the operating mode can be automatically adjusted depending on how much effluent enters the chamber;
• aerobic stabilizer allows you to remove excess sludge, which significantly improves the operation of the entire system;
• activated sludge can be freely used as a fertilizer for horticultural crops or rotting in compost;
• maintenance of stations with a sewage truck is not required, because the pumped sludge can be used as fertilizer or simply freely fed to ravines, reservoirs or soil trenches without disturbing the ecosystem;
• built-in pumping equipment in the stations allow their use without the involvement of additional pumping equipment;
• it is impossible to lower chemicals, poisons and other aggressive substances into such a sewer;
• it is impossible to wash the filters of a washing vacuum cleaner into such a sewer;
• where possible, the discharge into such sewers of pet hair, thread, hair and other fibrous debris should be limited;
• it is forbidden to dump polyethylene, glass, plastic or plastic and any other insoluble substances into the sewers with deep biological treatment stations;
• detergents containing manganese (washing filters for cleaning drinking water), salts, chlorine or acid should be used as little as possible, instead biological detergents should be used more often.

It is clear that such stations seem capricious in operation, but these are the conditions and rules for their use and maintenance, and therefore, if you follow these recommendations from the manufacturer, then such VOCs for summer cottages serve for many decades without creating any additional hassle, breakdowns and repairs.

VOC for industrial plants

Purification of effluents from industrial enterprises is somewhat different from the purification of effluents coming from settlements. The differences consist, by and large, in the aggressiveness and rigidity of the reagents used and activated sludge.

After all, industrial liquid waste differs from household waste in the degree of pollution and the composition of effluents.

Such VOCs that serve industrial enterprises contain in their design and structure several lines that provide industrial wastewater treatment:

• three lines of physical and chemical treatment of industrial wastewater operating in parallel;
• special aerotank-greenhouse with eichornia and activated sludge;
• line-node UV disinfection of wastewater;
• biopond for post-treatment of industrial waste water.

These VOCs provide sewage treatment for industrial enterprises in various fields and areas of production:

• meat processing plants;
• oil mills and vegetable oil factories;
• poultry farms;
• fish canning plants;
• breweries;
• car washes;
• energy facilities;
• electroplating shops;
• glass factories;
• and other industrial enterprises.

Primary industrial wastewater flows directly into the storage tank, undergoes treatment through drum biofilters, freeing itself from coarse debris.

From the storage tank, the treated effluents sequentially enter a special sump, where the effluents are subjected to flotation and oxidation with the help of special reagents - coagulants and flocculants, binding and forming lumps or flakes, which gradually settle to the bottom of the tank.

After the flotation sump, the settled water flows into the biofilter, and then into the hothouses, where the water continues to be purified with the help of activated sludge. And after these stages, the clarified water enters the biopond, where it undergoes post-treatment.

Photo: hothouses-aerotanks

Each stage of industrial wastewater treatment takes place in a separate building, a separate workshop, which is very convenient for separating and controlling the entire treatment process.

Most local wastewater treatment plants also use UV (ultraviolet) method of wastewater disinfection.

Virtually all VOCs for the treatment of industrial effluents have the same treatment schemes for all types of sewage wastewater.

Storm water treatment plant

Cleaning storm sewer drains is also not an easy task. At first glance, it may seem that the composition of storm water is not so heavy and concentrated, and therefore it is easier to clean such drains.

However, in fact, wastewater contains a lot of impurities of natural composition, as well as chemical inclusions, if there are various surfaces containing chemical coatings or formulations.

Important! And if we also take into service rainwater, which in its composition can also destroy any overlap, if rainwater will stagnate on them, can create swamping of lawns or any other adjacent territories, and also undermine the foundation in the rainy seasons, if these flows are not diverted from the house.

All VOCs for storm sewers have a sufficiently high productivity and can treat wastewater up to 98%, which is the highest rating for wastewater treatment, adopted by SNiP 2.04.03-85 “Sewerage.

External networks and facilities”, as well as normative documents type "Recommendations for the calculation of systems for collecting, diverting and treating surface runoff from residential areas, sites of enterprises and determining the conditions for its release into water bodies" (FGUP "NII VODGEO").

Almost all manufacturers of industrial or domestic VOCs for stormwater treatment adhere to regulatory documentation, and therefore their installations and systems treat stormwater quite effectively.

Photo: content of treated effluents

Important! All sewage treatment plants for storm sewers must necessarily have sand traps and oil traps. Sand, oil products and other abrasive and oily substances are often found in storm drains, and therefore VOCs should be the first to treat them.

Sewerage facilities also include settling tanks, where sediment is successfully formed not only from solid particles such as stones, glass, tree branches and other debris, but also from small particles that are washed out by the movement of melt and storm water flows.

The last step in cleaning storm drains is also settling and disinfecting them with UV rays. Treated wastewater can be freely supplied to reservoirs, rivers or fields.

In addition to domestic storm sewers, there is also an industrial storm sewer. Such VOCs purify not only rainwater or meltwater, but also others.

For example, these treatment facilities can serve the following facilities:

• car washes;
• industrial enterprises;
• factory territories;
• parking areas and car parks;
• territory of entertainment centers;
• territory of business centers;
• territory of complexes for vacationers and tourists;
• territories of settlements and private houses, including.

Photo: industrial storm sewer

Storm sewer systems consist of the following elements:

• distribution well;
• sand trap;
• oil separator or oil separator;
• absorbent filter;
• control well for sampling treated water.

All these structures can be mounted and installed both in the form of separate containers assembled into a single sewer system, and located inside one large container, which is called a deep storm water treatment plant.

During installation, all conditions must always be met, which will not only save the structure from all kinds of harmful effects, but also give excellent opportunity him to work for the longest time without failure.

Prices

The cost of building large-scale urban VOCs, of course, significantly exceeds the cost of autonomous VOCs. It is clear that on a wide market such buildings are not sold in ready-made and are ordered from construction companies.

But household VOCs, such as, for example, local treatment facilities Tver, Yubas, Eurobion, Unilos, Topas and other systems designed for installation in autonomous sewers, are presented on the sewer equipment market in a wide range:

Name of VOC	Production material	Maximum number of people served	Length	Width	Height	price, rub.
Tver-0.75P	Polypropylene	3	2250	850	1670	69900
Tver-1P	Polypropylene	5	2500	1100	1670	87900
Tver-2P	Polypropylene	10	4000	1300	1670	131900
Tver-3P	Polypropylene	15	4000	1600	1670	151900
Tver-6P	Polypropylene	22-30	4000	1600	1670	299800
Tver-16	Steel	50-80	8700	D=1900	1000	619300
Tver-100	Steel	300-500	1160	D=2400	2000	3086000
Tver-180	Steel	600-900	1040	D=2400	2000	5390000
Tver-300	Steel	1000-1500	1160	D=2400	6000	8790000
Tver-500	Steel	2000-2500	8300	D=2400	5000	14396000

All local treatment facilities have their own differences and purposes. There are VOCs that serve entire cities, towns, quarters in megacities, and there are those that serve not centralized city sewers, but autonomous sewer networks.

Almost all types of sewerage facilities work according to the same scheme, achieving wastewater treatment to a high degree.

Local treatment facilities

Work in progress country house in the absence of centralized sewer networks, the developer inevitably faces the question of the need for a sewerage system. A few years ago, dry closets were used for its device, cesspools or in best case, septic tanks - special technical designs for the mechanical treatment of water entering the fields of underground filtration. Today, local treatment facilities are widespread, which differ both in the material of manufacture and in the degree and method of purification.

Local treatment facilities were created specifically to solve the problem of domestic waste disposal on an individual basis. Due to the small dimensions, the installation of these systems is carried out in a short time. The installation itself is divided into several sections, each of which performs certain functions: it accumulates and equalizes wastewater, carries out the aeration process, purifies water using activated sludge, and collects excess sludge. Before designing, it is necessary to determine the configuration and power of the device. This takes into account all the plumbing equipment installed in the house, the number of people living.

Local treatment facilities for giving should have a throughput not exceeding 30 m3 / day. The choice of cleaning method and the appropriate VOC for a particular application depends on many different factors and should only be made by specialists. But since the owner of the house will need to answer their questions and make decisions of principle, he should familiarize himself with the basics this process. You should be aware that domestic water from sanitary appliances in bathrooms, toilets, and kitchens contains contaminants that vary in size (from small particles and dissolved substances to large inclusions) and nature (inorganic and organic).

In the PIR company, which supplies treatment equipment, you can purchase topas local treatment facilities, the service life of which reaches more than 50 years. This station works on the principle of biological treatment and is a single structure, the body of which is made of foamed polypropylene. In addition, it is hermetic, does not pass bad smell and not thrown into environment hazardous waste.

The design and development of appropriate documentation for water supply systems is a priority for our company. We carry out the installation of structures that are produced on high-tech, modern, German equipment. Automated installation, local treatment facilities, the price of which is the most affordable - all this and much more equipment you will find in our organization.

Our other advantages:

Our arsenal has everything you need for quality work

we do everything on time

guarantees for all types of work

we carry out post-warranty service

able to work in bad weather

we quickly process the order, we go to the place

Local sewage treatment plant in Moscow

Modern sewer systems are very diverse and multifunctional. Based on the needs and possibilities of implementation, you can choose the best, economical and high-quality option.

This group includes a set special equipment to receive all kinds of waste. They are used for private estates, small villages, sanatorium areas, multi-storey buildings and factories. The list of substances that are present in plums:

• liquid household masses;
• feces;
• industrial residues;
• rain runoff;
• chemical substances.

The intended purpose of treatment plants is industrial or domestic use. The versatility of treatment systems allows you to serve all types of sewers, except for centralized city networks.

The list of stages that sewage treatment plants perform

Mechanical cleaning is the retention of solid pieces of debris, glass, stones and other waste that cannot be dissolved, using various devices. Special filtering devices and grids trap and trap insoluble inclusions. The further cleaning process is realized through the settling of sand and slag under the action of gravity. The separation of fat from water and the ascent of fat molecules to the surface is also achieved at this stage.

Biological treatment is the processing of waste, due to the action of living microorganisms on them. Due to the mineralization of the liquid, the removal of phosphorus and nitrogen is performed. The collection and accumulation of the sedimentary product is carried out in a special compartment, and the rest floats to the surface, and subsequently goes to the storage tank. After that, the water enters the settling tanks, in which sludge is removed from the bottom of the tank.

The chemical and physical stages destroy heavy industrial impurities and metals. This is due to the participation of reagents that turn the molecules into flakes and precipitate under the influence of gravity. Due to the directed action of air, foam is formed, which directs the contaminated particles to the surface of the vessel, after which it is removed. Disinfection with ultraviolet rays and chlorine.

Individual local treatment facilities are used for autonomous sewage. By settling and filtering the liquid, water is purified. Septic tanks treat drains with chemical or biological reagents. The advantage of the system is the possibility of using water for technical purposes. The availability of pricing policy and the lack of connection to electricity supply make septic tanks popular and profitable.

It is believed that a method of deep biological treatment is suitable for treatment facilities of a local type. An acceptable and expedient option is modular collapsible structures or modular blocks. A multi-stage wastewater treatment process is an effective, inexpensive and high-quality way to achieve a good result.