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Why is bell pepper sick. Pepper diseases and their control

Pepper, like other crops, is susceptible to disease, it is also attacked by pests that can not only reduce the yield, but completely destroy it. Many diseases are carried by insects or weeds, so controlling them is a significant contribution to a good harvest. Disease activity may depend on specific phases of pepper development. The good news is that there are proven ways to deal with them. In this article, we will consider how to classify an attack in time and take adequate measures.

Diseases

Pepper is susceptible to fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. There are also insect pests that can cause considerable damage to plants. Consider each type of disease in detail.

fungal diseases

The source of this type of disease is fungal microorganisms that provoke damage to the plant with their vital activity. Here is their list:

  • - the lower part of the stem is affected by the fungus, with the course of the disease the stem turns black and dries up, then the plant dies. The reason for the appearance may be excessive moisture, a sudden change in temperature or too tight fit. Therefore, in order to eliminate this misfortune, it is enough to stabilize the temperature regime, the frequency of watering and thin out the rows. It is recommended to treat with the preparation "Barrier" (proportions: 3 caps per 1 liter of water).
  • - characteristic features are bright leaves yellow color, as well as rapid fading. The causes of infection are excessive moisture and temperature fluctuations. Sick plants cannot be saved, so it is recommended to remove them, and the soil under them. For surviving plants, the number of waterings should be reduced to 1 time per week, and the temperature regime should also be stabilized. For prevention, plants should be treated with drugs used for late blight.
  • - a characteristic symptom is the appearance of individual brown spots on the leaves and stem. Excessive moisture contributes to the occurrence of this disease. To get rid of late blight, it is recommended to dry the soil and reduce the frequency of watering. For processing, drugs and "Barrier" are used.

    • Important! All fungal diseases are provoked by an excess of moisture, so it is necessary to observe the irrigation regime.

    Bacterial diseases

    This type of disease is characterized by the presence of putrefactive areas, spotting on the leaves from grayish-white to black. The development of the disease is promoted by excessive moisture and not heat. Here is a list of the most common diseases:


    Important! Bacterial cancer is transmitted through seeds. It is recommended to treat seeds before planting. This will help to avoid or reduce the number of possible pathogens.


    Viral diseases

    This type of disease is most often transmitted by insects. It is characteristic that the leaves are covered with various spots, there is a deviation in development, they acquire an unhealthy appearance, but wilting does not occur. Pepper is characterized by such viral diseases:


    Did you know?The spiciness of a pepper is measured on the Scoville scale. Sweet (Bulgarian) peppers have a hotness level of 0 to 100 points. Cayenne pepper shows a result of 30-50 thousand points. The sharpest on this scale is the artificially bred Carolina Reaper, which has a pungency of 2 million 200 thousand units.

    Pests

    Not only fungi, viruses and bacteria are dangerous for peppers. There are a number of insects that can cause great damage to the crop.

Aphid - is the most dangerous pest of pepper, causing great harm to the culture. Aphids appear on the stems, leaves and flowers of the plant, feeding on its juices.
As a measure to combat aphids, the plant is treated with rapidly decomposing insecticides, for example, keltan or karbofos, preparing a solution of 1 tbsp. spoons of funds for 10 liters of water. Peppers are sprayed with a solution before and after flowering. In no case do not process during fruiting. There are also several folk remedies to combat this pest, including the preparation of a solution of 1 cup of wood ash or tobacco dust per 10 liters hot water, after which they give the remedy to infuse for a day.

Before use, the solution must be filtered and stirred well, at the end adding 1 tbsp. liquid soap. The plant is treated with a solution in the morning from a sprayer.

Pepper pests. spider mite

Another pest of pepper is spider mite , which is engaged in sucking the juice from the underside of the leaves.
To combat spider mites, a solution is prepared, which includes a glass of onion or garlic chopped in a meat grinder, dandelion leaves, 1 tbsp. a spoonful of liquid soap. All this is diluted in 10 liters of water. The solution is allowed to infuse, after which it is filtered and used to spray the plant at any stage of development.

spider mite

Pepper pests. Slugs naked

Slugs naked are pepper pests that eat the leaves and damage the fruit, causing the plant to rot.
To prevent the appearance of naked slugs, keep the planting clean, pollinate the grooves around the beds with freshly slaked lime or a solution of ash, lime and tobacco dust. When watering the plant, make sure that water does not get into the grooves. During sunny and hot weather, you need to loosen the soil to a depth of 4-5 cm. After loosening, it is necessary to pollinate the plant with ground hot pepper or dry mustard.
To combat all of the listed pests, the Strela preparation is most often used, which is diluted in a ratio of 50 g per 10 l, infused and used for spraying. This solution is also good because it does not have a harmful effect on humans.

Slug naked

Pepper disease. Blackleg

Black leg disease appears on the plant during high humidity and soil, as well as low temperatures. The disease affects the basal stalk, which gradually softens, becomes thin and eventually rots. The development of the disease can begin during the cultivation of seedlings due to the thickening of the crop.
Control measures : Prevention of whitening is the regulation of normal watering and temperature. If the disease has manifested itself, then it is necessary to start drying the soil, which is loosened and sprinkled with wood ash. To combat the black leg, the bacterial preparation "Barrier" is used, which is diluted in a ratio of 3 caps per 1 liter of water. Spraying should be moderate, that is, it is unnecessary to fill the plant.

Blackleg

Pepper disease. Sclerocynia and Fusarium

If the plant begins to drop leaves, then you can worry about its wilting, which can begin due to fungal diseases such as sclerocynia and fusarium. To diagnose the disease, you can cut off part of the stem near the root collar; in case of illness, browned vascular bundles will be observed.
Control measures: If a diseased plant is detected, it must be removed and burned, while the soil should be loosened and watering should be reduced, producing it only in the morning. Note that in this case next year it is not recommended to plant pepper or eggplant in the same place.

Sclerocynia and Fusarium

Pepper disease. Blossom rot

Another disease that often affects peppers is blossom end rot. Its signs are deep spots, black, or a brilliant shade, and as a result, the pepper rots right on the bush. Sometimes the appearance of vertex rot is accompanied by watery areas with a pronounced smell of rot. The root cause of the disease is a lack of moisture, as well as a large number of calcium and nitrogen in the soil.
Control measures
The methods of dealing with this disease include abundant watering. Spraying is considered a good way to eradicate the disease. calcium nitrate. During the fight against the disease, it is necessary to destroy infected fruits by burning.

Blossom rot

Pepper disease. late blight

One of the most common diseases of peppers, like tomatoes, is late blight. Its manifestation is characterized by the formation of hard spots on the fruit, which extend to the pulp of the fruit. For greater disease protection, hybrid varieties should be grown as they are less prone to disease.
Control measures
The methods of combating late blight should include spraying with "Barrier", apply. After the plants have been treated with the Barrier, they should be treated with the Barrier, which also helps protect against late blight.
It is necessary to use the "Barrier" in the ratio of 3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water, after which it is necessary to spray the plants. An undeniable effect can also be obtained from the Oxyhom preparation, it is produced in tablets, they must be used at the rate of 2 tablets per 10 liters of water. This drug should be used before flowering and when signs appear that indicate that the plant has become infected with late blight.

late blight

Pepper disease. Pepper bronze or spotted wilt

Young leaves of plants acquire a bronze or dirty purple hue, then brown necrotic spots appear, elongated along the main vein of the leaf. The same spots are formed on petioles and shoots. The top of the plant often dies off. On green fruits brown, green and pale yellow rings, brown stripes may appear near the stem.
Control measures :
It should be fought using foundationazole, while watering should be stopped and ripened fruits should be plucked.

Pepper bronze or spotted wilt

Pepper disease. Gray rot

Gray rot is a fungal disease that affects fruits, which become stained at the same time, and at any stage of ripening. The disease usually occurs during the rainy season. Its symptoms are very similar to those of phytophthora, but unlike it, any plant grown on the site can be the causative agent of gray rot.
Control measures :
To combat gray rot, it is necessary to spray the plants with fungicides and "Barrier", and it is also necessary to remove all the affected organs of the plant: fruits, leaves, stems, etc.

Gray rot

Wrong care

If you notice lilac shades on pepper fruits, then this does not indicate a disease, but a violation of the temperature regime, which was preceded by a drop in temperature to 12 ° C. If a second decrease in temperature is expected, then the plant should be covered with plastic wrap or other appropriate material.

Below is a series useful tips regarding pepper, which will also help in the prevention and control of pests.
If the flowers were not fully pollinated, then because of this, fruits with a non-standard shape may develop. To prevent this, artificial pollination is used on flowering plants. To do this, in sunny and hot weather, lightly shake the plant.
Note that sweet and bitter peppers must be planted in separate beds, at a certain distance. This is due to the fact that mixing can occur during pollination, as a result, sweet peppers will have a bitter taste.
Insufficient watering and high temperatures lead to lignification of the pepper stem, and the buds and leaves of the plant also begin to fall off.
If the pepper grows in an open area, then it must be protected from strong winds by planting the so-called backstage from tall crops around the pepper bed. In this case, legumes, beets, leeks, chard are suitable. Note that the most the right option will create a shelter from the film.

Plant with proper care

Pepper is, among other things, a light-loving plant. If it is planted in a shaded place, it will lead to slow development and late flowering.
Pepper has a root system located in the upper soil layer. Because of this, loosening must be carried out carefully and shallowly, while not forgetting about hilling.
Do not feed the pepper bed with fresh manure. This will encourage strong vegetative growth and abundant leaf growth, which will prevent fruit from forming.
The plant is heat-loving, therefore spring frosts for young seedlings can be critical. At the same time, pepper from autumn varieties can withstand a slight sub-zero temperature.

Growing lettuce peppers at home requires certain skills and knowledge. The enemy of gardeners No. 1 is dangerous diseases of pepper seedlings, which can destroy the fruits and the plants themselves. Some of them appear immediately after seed germination, others make themselves felt later. If you want to harvest a full-fledged crop, you should know how to save fragile seedlings and learn how to identify disease symptoms on early stage. You need to navigate not only by the photo, but also by the descriptions.

Healthy bell pepper harvest

If there are no more than a dozen pests that can feed on the fruits and leaves of paprika, then pepper diseases in seedlings are much more common. Their appearance depends on changes in weather conditions, the nature of irrigation, the type of soil, the ingress of fungal spores and other nuances.

Diseases are fungal, viral or bacterial in nature.

It is not necessary to know all diseases, it is worth paying attention to the most common of them:

  • gray rot;
  • blackleg;
  • late blight;
  • fusarium wilt;
  • alternariosis;
  • cladosporiosis;
  • septoria;
  • sclerotinia;
  • verticella wilt of seedlings;
  • tobacco mosaic.

When you recognize the main symptoms and see photos of pepper diseases, the fight against them will become a targeted set of actions, because you will know what you are dealing with.

Healthy pepper seedlings for greenhouse

You can buy plant medicines at any seed or farm store.

Diagnostics and methods of treatment of plants

Please note that problems may arise with peppers grown both indoors and outdoors. open field.

Gray rot of bell pepper

The causative agent of this pepper disease is the microorganism Botrytis cinerea. Excessive humidity in the greenhouse or on the open ground contributes to the defeat of the fungus, when the air temperature is below 20 ° C.

A sign of damage to gray rot is the appearance of watery spots on the pulp of fruits, leaves and even stems. If no action is taken in time, the spots will turn into gray mold.

Gray mold of pepper

Tips for the prevention and treatment of gray mold are as follows:

  • pick from the bush and destroy moldy peppers, including very small ones;
  • treat all plants with a fungicide, spraying even those that look healthy;
  • the development of the disease will help stop the thinning of the paprika rows so that air circulates better between the bushes;
  • if vegetables are grown in a greenhouse, it must be maintained at optimum humidity and ventilated.

Black leg - symptoms and prevention

This disease of pepper seedlings manifests itself in the form of darkening of the lower part of the leg and drying of the plant. Noticing the slightest change in the color of the stems, many begin to panic and spray the plants with everything that was found in the "gardener's first aid kit." Be careful not to harm the crop! First, carefully look at the photo of the pepper seedling disease, and start their treatment only when you are sure that you have a black leg, and not another problem.

It looks like a black leg on an adult bush

Preventive measures and treatment:

  • inspect seedlings daily, especially its root zone;
  • if darkening appears on the bushes, they should be treated with a weak solution of ordinary potassium permanganate;
  • if the plants have sprouted very densely, be sure to thin them out;
  • the soil should not be excessively damp - this leads to the development of a black leg;
  • if the greenhouse is too humid, ventilate it regularly, remembering to protect the seedlings from drafts.

As an effective way to prevent the development of a black leg, experienced gardeners recommend watering the soil in which the seeds will be planted with a solution of potassium permanganate (4-5 g per 10 l). You can also ignite the soil in the oven so that the fungi present in it die. Another way is to pour boiling water over the earth.

Black leg at the seedling

"Black leg" most often affects young shoots, after which the stem becomes thinner and they fade.

But there are cases when the disease harms already large pepper bushes. Usually the problem manifests itself as follows: the leaves begin to turn yellow, the stem at ground level changes color from green to dark brown, and its tissues in this area seem to be pressed inward. This happens due to a violation of the nutrition of plants.

Signs and prevention of late blight

Late blight, also known as Phytophthora infestans, is a disease caused by a fungus. The risk group includes plants that are in conditions of temperature changes or a sharp prolonged cold snap, as well as excessive humidity in the air and soil.

Phytophthora can insidiously infect peppers at any time during the growing season, but most often this occurs in the last phase of flowering.

Phytophthora on pepper leaves

Phytophthora looks like this on a plant:

  • large watery brown spots with a light green rim appear on the leaves;
  • watery spots form on the fruits;
  • the stem begins to rot, forming dark depressed spots on it;
  • the stalk dries out, and the root neck rots.

Phytophthora defeat of the entire bush

Preventive measures include choosing pepper varieties that are as resistant to this disease as possible, as well as disinfecting the site before planting seedlings. It is also important to observe crop rotation and carefully remove wilted plants from the garden after harvesting so that they do not become a "hotbed" for fungi.

If phytophthora is detected on the site, it is better to remove the infected plants from the garden.

Manifestations of Fusarium wilt and prevention

Unfortunately, Fusarium is a fatal disease of pepper seedlings that is not treated. When confirming its appearance, all diseased bushes will have to be destroyed, which is why it is so important to know about preventive measures experiences. The causative agent of this dangerous lesion is the Fusarium fungus, which causes blockage of blood vessels in the stem of plants. The nutrition of the plant is disturbed, and it dies from wilting even with abundant watering.

Fusarium blight on pepper

To protect the crop from Fusarium wilt, the following measures should be taken:

  • choose varieties that are resistant to Fusarium fungus (for example, Elena F1);
  • always remove the remains of bushes from the garden;
  • treat purchased seeds with Fundazol, using 100 mg of the drug for every 10 g of pepper seeds.

Fusarium-infected peppers wither even when watered

It is possible to restrain the development of Fusarium with the help of Fundazol or Topsin-M, but this does not guarantee a cure if the fungus has already entered the vessels of the stems.

From the onset of the disease to the complete death of the fruit, it takes from 10 to 20 days, depending on the variety. If the disease affects the bushes already in the process of harvesting, then it is worth using drugs to prolong the life of the plants.

Symptoms and protection against alternariosis of pepper

Alternariosis, also known as dry spotting, is a disease caused by Alternaria solani. Its manifestation is most noticeable in the autumn, when the harvest time is approaching. Plants do not always die, but the quality of the fruit may suffer, and they will be unsuitable for sale. Most often, of course, bell pepper leaves suffer, due to which the efficiency of photosynthesis decreases.

Crop damage by dry spot

Symptoms of alternariosis (external manifestation):

  • angular spots appear on the leaves, limited by veins;
  • the color of the spots is black or dirty brown;
  • there are no patterns in the growth of spots, but their diameter, as a rule, does not expand more than 2 cm;
  • over time, dry spotting takes on a rounded forum and can move to stems and fruits;
  • on the fruits of paprika, alternariosis has several forms - at first these are watery spots, then they darken and become covered with a mold-like coating.

To prevent damage by dry spotting, the remains of fruit-bearing plants should be removed from the soil.

This will reduce the amount of infection on the ground, but for complete disinfection, you need to steam or process it. You can stop pepper seedling disease from developing for up to 3 weeks by spraying the bushes with strobillurins. During the season, this method can be used 2 times.

Alternariosis affected

Pepper damage by cladosporiosis and methods of protection

The fungus Fulvia fulva that causes this pepper disease is spread by spores. You can spread them around the site yourself, because they stick to clothes, garden tools and even the walls of the greenhouse. When the spores enter the plant, the disease manifests itself as a brown spot on the outside of the leaves, and a gray coating appears on the inside. After that, cladosporiosis leads to the death of the leaves, from which the plant may die.

Spots of cladosporiosis on a leaf

Prevention measures:

  • spring treatment of greenhouses by burning sulfur blocks;
  • autumn treatment of tools and greenhouses with a solution of copper sulfate. It is also worth treating the soil with such a solution (for 10 liters of water, 1 cup of vitriol);
  • choose varieties for growing that are not afraid of cladosporiosis;
  • do not plant pepper every year in one place (observe crop rotation);
  • treat plants with a fungicide when signs of disease occur and reduce watering.

Processing pepper with infusion of garlic will save the harvest

If you encounter cladosporiosis at the fruiting stage of peppers, you can fight the disease with natural remedies.

The treatment of plants with an infusion of chopped garlic helps a lot (infuse 3 liters of water and a glass of chopped garlic for 10 days). After that, take a glass of infusion for 10 liters of water and spray the plants.

Features of the defeat and treatment of septoria

Septoria, also known as white spot, is a fungal disease that can destroy about half of the lettuce crop. The provocateur of its spread is hot and rainy weather, when it is easiest for the spores of the fungus to get on the plants. Outwardly, you can distinguish septoria by the presence of white spots on the leaves with a small frame. A little later, they will be covered with black dots - spores. Without treatment, the leaves will dry out, and the disease will go further - to the fruits and stem.

Septoria leaf spot

First, the disease affects the lower part, giving preference to old leaves, then it passes to the upper ones. Over time, white spots merge and completely cover the surface of the leaf blade. As soon as you notice signs of septoria, spray the bushes with a preparation containing copper. Repeat the treatment after 14 days.

Remember that the pathogen will remain in the soil, so the soil must be processed in the new season.

Sclerotinia and its symptoms

The disease develops at air temperatures below 18-20°C and humidity above 80%, affecting the basal part of the sweet pepper stem. The fungus covers the tissues with a white coating, under which black formations are hidden. If the disease has affected the fruits, they become soft and also covered with bloom.

Prevention measures are to create optimal conditions for plants, timely removal of diseased bushes from the garden, as well as plucking diseased leaves.

Fluffy white coating is a sign of sclerotinia

Verticella wilt of lettuce

In some ways, this disease resembles the tobacco mosaic virus, because in both cases the vascular system of the stem is susceptible to attack. Characteristic features the onset of verticella wilt is too dark color leaves and their noticeably smaller size. Another warning sign is when some plants are stunted compared to others. There are other symptoms of pepper verticillosis:

  • yellow spots appear on the lower leaves, which then spread to the entire surface of the plate;
  • diseased plants do not give an ovary, and if the fungus is already struck at the fruiting stage, the peppers become shriveled and grow poorly;
  • signs of the disease spread from the bottom of the stem to the top, leading to the death of the crop.

Verticellosis of pepper kills the plant gradually

Viral mosaic of sweet pepper

Tobacco pepper leaf mosaic

Tobacco mosaic is a viral disease that is difficult to cope with. If you find affected bushes, you will have to uproot and burn them so that the virus does not spread to other plants.

Outwardly, you can recognize tobacco mosaic by changing the pattern on the leaves - they are covered with light and dark green spots, really resembling a mosaic pattern. When moving to fruits, the virus thins their skin and forms dark depressed spots.

Indented spots on pepper

Cultivation of sweet pepper can overshadow various diseases of this crop, but with proper care and timely detection of signs of damage, you will be able to get a decent harvest.

Now you know what pepper seedling diseases look like, and you will be able to respond quickly and correctly. If necessary, contact specialists to choose reliable preparations for the treatment of bushes.

Beautiful big bell pepper on the own site Isn't this the dream of every self-respecting summer resident? A dream that is sometimes mercilessly pushed away by diseases and pests of bell pepper, stubbornly overcoming such a popular garden plant.

Aphids: small, numerous and dangerous

One of the dangerous enemies is aphids. Causing great harm to the culture, it affects all its parts: leaves, stems, flowers, from which it mercilessly sucks the juice of the plant. How to process bell pepper from pests: small and numerous?

Measures to combat such a malicious enemy are to treat with rapidly decomposing insecticides ("Keltan", "Karbofos") at the rate of a tablespoon of the drug per 10 liters of water. Spraying is required before flowering and after, avoiding processing during the fruiting period. From folk remedies, it is recommended to use a solution from a glass of tobacco dust or wood ash diluted in ten liters of hot water (let it brew for a day). Next, the finished product must be filtered, poured liquid soap(tablespoon) and mix well. Spraying should be done in the morning.

Spider mite: how to fight?

Another dangerous enemy is the spider mite, which prefers to feed on the juice of the plant, which it sucks out from the underside of the leaves. You can get rid of such a malicious pest with the help of an effective solution. To prepare it, you need to combine a glass of chopped garlic or onion, a tablespoon of liquid soap and dandelion leaves. Dilute the resulting composition in 10 liters of water, insist for some time, strain, and upon detection spider mite, as well as as a preventive measure, spray bell pepper in a timely manner.

Diseases and pests (the photos in the review illustrate the suffering of plants from them) should be recognized in a timely manner so as not to lose part, or even the entire crop as a whole.

Slug fight

Slugs - pests of bell pepper in the greenhouse and open ground. These creatures eat the leaves and fruits of pepper, which causes the plant to rot. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to keep the plantings clean, pollinate the furrows around the beds with freshly slaked lime, tobacco lime or a solution of ash. It is required to loosen the soil, especially in hot dry weather, after which the crop should be pollinated with dry mustard or ground hot pepper. The use of the drug "Strela" is effective, 10 grams of which must be dissolved in 10 liters of water, insisted and applied as needed. In the aisle, it is recommended to plant parsley, sprinkle with mustard.

Colorado potato beetle: control methods

The Colorado potato beetle is a notorious enemy of potatoes, but if there is a growing pepper on the beds, it does not disdain the latter. Manual catching of an insect, shaking it from the bushes into a bucket of water, spraying with celandine tincture, planting bush beans, the smell of which repels the beetle - the measures that should be taken to deal with this "American guest" that has adapted to domestic lands. Diseases and pests of bell pepper overcome the plant stubbornly and throughout the season. It is necessary to provide a garden crop with high-quality care so that the undesirable effect on the plant of external factors shines "to nothing".

Bell pepper diseases and their control

Bulgarian pepper does not bypass many diseases.

Diseases and pests of bell pepper often cause the plant to wilt in the open field. One of the dangerous diseases is "verticillosis", which most often affects the culture. This disease occurs due to a fungus living in the soil. Penetrating through root wounds (obtained during planting or tillage), verticillium causes browning of pepper leaves and death, even with abundant watering. The brown form of the disease appears in early July, the greatest activity occurs at the end of this month and August. The wilting of the leaves begins, the browning of the vascular bundles at the bottom of the stem, although in appearance the bell pepper, the disease and care of which cause a lot of trouble, seems healthy.

The dwarf form of verticillium often appears a month after planting. The plant begins to lag behind in growth, the ovaries fall off, the leaves wilt. The green form of the disease develops in parallel with the brown one, there is a loss of leaves and drying of the plant after 5 days. The fight against such a common disease lies in the qualitative destruction of plant debris at the end of the season. When planting, it is recommended to give preference to varieties that are resistant to this disease.

Alternariosis: greenhouse disease

Alternariosis is a disease of bell pepper in a greenhouse. Its occurrence is due to a sharp temperature drop. It is possible to determine that the plant has fallen ill with alternariosis by the appearance of dark brown spots on the leaves, water stains on the fruits, which subsequently develop into a fungus. A fluff also appears, eventually turning into a dark coating. Such a disease can completely affect the inside of the fetus, while only a small speck can be on the outer surface. The disease progresses in dry weather. Damaged plants need to be sprayed with a solution of Bordeaux liquid at the rate of 100 grams of the drug per bucket of water. You can use copper oxychloride: for 10 liters of water 40 grams of the drug.

It is quite clear that the main factors that allow you to get a large, fleshy bell pepper are cultivation and care. Diseases, if the plant is grown correctly, will leave the plant alone.

Black leg: the object of defeat is the stem

Judging by the name, it can be understood that the object of damage is the stem of the plant, in particular its root part. The appearance of the “black leg” is caused by low temperatures, as well as high humidity of the soil and air. The basal stem begins to soften, becomes thin and rots as a result. The development of the disease is most often observed in the process of growing seedlings when it is too densely planted. As preventive measures, in order to avoid the appearance of a "black leg", it is recommended to normalize irrigation measures and temperatures. If the disease is present on the plant, then it is required to dry the soil, loosen and sprinkle with wood ash. Effective use of the drug "Barrier", diluted in a liter of water in the amount of 3 caps. Spraying should be moderate, no frills. If a disease is detected, the affected plant must be removed from the site, and the soil should be treated with a 3% solution of copper sulphate. Seeds before sowing must be treated in a 0.05% solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes.

Diseases and pests of bell pepper: late blight

- Late blight- a disease that does not spare many garden crops, including pepper. Fruits affected by late blight are covered with hard spots extending to the pulp. It is recommended to grow hybrid varieties resistant to late blight. Effective in the fight against this disease will be the use of the drug "Barrier" and "Barrier", diluted in proportion: 3 tablespoons per 10 liters of water. The use of Oxyhom, produced in tablets at the rate of 2 pieces per 10 liters of water, is effective. The use of this drug is recommended before the start of the flowering period and when the first signs of late blight appear.

- Spotted wilt, or pepper bronze. Young leaves of the plant acquire a bronze or dirty purple color, then the appearance of necrotic brown spots is observed, elongated along the main leaf vein. Spots also appear on shoots and petioles. Often there is a death of the top of the plant. Pale yellow, green and brown rings appear on green fruits, brown stripes appear in the stalk region. The use of "Fundazol" is recommended with the simultaneous cessation of watering and the collection of ripened fruits.

fungal diseases

- White rot. dangerous disease, the development of which begins with the aerial part of the plant, gradually moving to the fruits. You can recognize it by the yellowed, withered and shrunken type of culture. Increased air humidity causes an acceleration of the development of the disease: and manifests itself in the appearance of spots with white mycelium. When it hits the ground, it infects nearby plants. In order to prevent the disease from spreading, it is required to remove plant residues from the site in a timely and high-quality manner. Damaged plants are recommended to be sprayed with copper-containing preparations. The spread of white rot occurs in soil with excess nitrogen content.

- Gray rot. Often found in greenhouse cultivation. It is a fungal disease that spreads to fruits at any stage of ripening, while the root system remains intact. Pepper is covered gray spots, most often this occurs in rainy weather. The symptoms of manifestation are similar to the signs of phytophthora, the causative agent can be any plant grown on the site. Control measures: prevention of thickening of plantings, spraying plants with "Barrier" and fungicides, removal of affected plant organs: fruits, leaves, stems.

- Top rot. A sign of the presence of such a fungal disease, to which young fruits are most exposed, are deep black spots, rotting of the fruit right on the bush, in some cases, a pronounced smell of rot. The reason for the appearance of the disease is an insufficient amount of moisture, uneven irrigation, an excess of nitrogen and a lack of calcium in the soil. Abundant watering, spraying the plant with calcium nitrate are the main measures to combat blossom end rot. Be sure to regularly water and mulch the plants, destroy the affected bell pepper. In this case, diseases and pests (photo) will recede and the crop will be fully preserved.

Phytoplamosis, sclerocinia, fusarium

- Phytoplamosis. A common harmful disease that manifests itself through dwarfing, yellowing and rotting of the roots. The leaves become hard, small and begin to curl. The fruits are thin-walled, tasteless, small. In most cases, the plant simply dries up. Most often, phytoplasmosis appears at the end of May; This is due to the massive increase in the number of cicadas - carriers of the disease. Measures to combat this disease: chemical irrigation at planting and after 3 weeks after it.

Sclerocynia and Fusarium. The presence of such diseases is indicated by a sharp dropping of leaves by the plant and subsequent wilting. The presence of these fungal diseases can be determined by the browned vascular bundles on the cut of the stem at the root collar. The diseased plant needs to be removed and burned, the soil should be loosened with high quality and watering should be reduced to once, in the morning. Bell pepper diseases and their treatment require certain knowledge, because with the similarity of the signs of many of them, the control measures are completely different.

Some growing rules

In the fight against and prevention against diseases, there are a number of measures that are recommended to be followed:

  • With insufficient pollination of flowers, there is a risk of developing fruits of irregular shape. To avoid this, artificial additional pollination of plants during their flowering period is recommended. To do this, in hot sunny weather, the bushes need to be shaken slightly.
  • It is worth remembering that bitter and sweet peppers should not be planted side by side, because during pollination mixing can occur and sweet peppers will acquire unwanted bitterness.
  • High temperatures and insufficient watering can lead to lignification of the shoot and falling off of buds and leaves.
  • Pepper growing in an open area is recommended to be protected from strong winds. To do this, along the perimeter, you need to plant scenes from tall crops: legumes, leeks, beets, chard.
  • Pepper is a light-loving plant, so it is recommended to plant it in sunny areas. Otherwise, the growth of the culture in the shade will be slow, flowering later.
  • Pepper is characterized by a shallow root system, so loosening the soil must be carried out shallowly and carefully, not forgetting hilling.
  • Top dressing with fresh manure is highly not recommended; this will lead to strong vegetation and abundant leaf growth. And this, in turn, will not give the normal formation and development of fruits.

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