Kasatik is a herbaceous plant for open ground. Astrantia: herbaceous plants for open ground Kasatik Bludova herbaceous plants for open ground

Description of iris

Kasatik is an extraordinary perennial plants from the popular Kasatikov family. Its height can reach 80 cm. The fleshy thick rhizome of a light brown hue has small adventitious roots on the underside. When the roots die, tuber roots are formed again. At the same time, powerful stems and leaves grow at the upper ends of the rhizomes. The xiphoid leaves of this herbaceous plant are vaginal and entire. They have an unusual bluish-green tint.

Flower-bearing erect shoots from above have from two to four flowers. Large bisexual flowers have one cover. The iris blooms in May and June. Its flowers can be painted in a variety of shades. The fruit of the plant is represented by a trihedral box, in which there are flattened wrinkled seeds of a dark brown hue. The mass of 1000 seeds is about 85 grams. Kasatik chooses grassy swampy places for growth in meadows and swamps, and also settles along the banks of rivers.

The iris is common on the Mediterranean coast, in Ukraine and Belarus, in the Caucasus and Siberia, and it can also be found on Far East and in hot Central Asia. Today it is widely cultivated in many countries of the world as a chic ornamental plant.

Useful properties of iris

The main medicinal raw material of iris is its rhizomes. When fresh, the roots are extremely bad smell, after a thorough 3-month drying, they acquire a special violet aroma. Powerful rhizomes of the plant contain a significant amount of essential oil. The most valuable active substances are iron, iridium glucoside, organic acids, tannins, starch and a special fatty oil.

Such a wonderful expectorant as an infusion of iris roots easily liquefies sputum and quickly removes it from the human body.

Application of iris

Thanks to a large number iron, contained in dry crushed rhizomes, iris is often used in the modern perfume industry. The powder made from the roots of the plant is also used in the alcoholic beverage and confectionery industries. When teeth are cut in children, to facilitate the process, it is recommended to give children a small piece of iris rhizome. Various pharmaceutical preparations based on the presented plant are indicated for bronchitis, catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

In some cases, infusions and decoctions from the rhizomes of iris are prescribed for serious diseases of the gallbladder and liver, as well as for colitis. For pain in the intestines, some drugs can be used as a diuretic. It should be mentioned that the killer whale is part of the unique Zdrenko medical collection, which is intended for effective treatment anacids and papillomatosis Bladder.

Types of iris

Under natural conditions, the killer whale grows well in many European countries, in Asia and North America, as well as in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. To date, there are about 250 species of the presented plant. Many types of iris also grow in the CIS countries.

Siberian iris. The distribution area of this species is considered to be a wide territory from northern Italy to the Far East. Dense rhizomes on top have brown remnants of leaf sheaths. The branched stem has stalked leaves. Basal leaf plates do not exceed 80 cm in length. Lanceolate herbaceous leaves have a bright green tint. Flowers with a short small perianth tube are on unequal pedicels.

The length of the box does not exceed 2 cm. Light gray seeds are closely located in it, squeezed on the sides.

tiger iris. Such a wonderful short-rhizome plant has a variegated color of flowers. The base of its shoots has dark brown old leaves that are finely split. The height of the stem does not exceed 10 cm. Each stem has two or three leaves. Blue-violet flowers are decorated with veins and spots. Tiger iris blooms mainly in May. Plant growth is carried out by the formation of new shoots. This species happily settles in sandy steppes and on gravelly slopes.

pygmy iris. The height of this perennial reaches 15 cm. It has a thick, very short rhizome and small rosettes of xiphoid leaves of a bluish hue. A special system of adventitious roots is superbly developed. Annually develops from kidney renewal approximately 3-4 elevated escape. The peduncle with one flower reaches three cm. Each inflorescence is about 5-6 cm in diameter. The color of the flowers can vary from white-yellow to dark purple. The fruit of the plant is represented by a rather large box.

Iris leafless. This excellent perennial mainly grows in dense shrubs, forest clearings, forest edges, and also on loamy soils, ranging from the southern taiga zones to the subtropics of Europe. This species can be found in Georgia and in the mountains of Armenia. The thickness of the rhizome is 2 cm, and the length of the linear-xiphoid leaves does not exceed 45 cm. By winter, all leaves die off. The fragrant peduncle of the plant is branching from the very base. Its height can reach half a meter.

The correct perianth has a small tube and an original six-part limb. Small seeds are formed in a cylindrical box. Leafless iris blooms in late spring.

Iridescent contraindications

No evidence of the dangers of iris has been identified. However, for people with high blood clotting, it is not recommended to use various preparations from a product based on this plant, since some of the active substances contained in the roots contribute to thickening of the blood.

Expert editor: Sokolova Nina Vladimirovna| Phytotherapist

Education: A diploma in the specialty "Medicine" and "Therapy" received at the University named after N. I. Pirogov (2005 and 2006). Advanced training at the Department of Phytotherapy at the Moscow University of Peoples' Friendship (2008).

Ask the most experienced gardener about how many flowers can maintain their decorative appearance throughout the season, and he is unlikely to be able to list many plants at once. There are really few of them. Most people fill their garden according to this principle: when one fades, something else blooms next to it. And this change happens all the time. We recommend that you pay attention to this garden plant like astrantia. Planting and caring for her is extremely simple, and the sophisticated gorgeous appearance allows to use on any beds and in flower beds. With its help, you will create an amazing and many-sided landscape. So in our article we will talk about herbaceous astrantia for open ground.

Popular astrantia varieties

Astrantia 'Abbey Road' - a variety with large reddish-purple inflorescences with dark purple wrappers. Height 45-60 cm. Blooms from mid to late summer. Prefers semi-shady places, but can also grow in full sun, provided they are sufficiently moist. The plant is bright, juicy, expressive, a godsend for shady corners of the garden.
Astrantia 'Buckland' - a variety with pale pink inflorescences against a background of silver-green wrappers. Blooms from June to September. Plant height 65-70 cm. It grows in the sun and in partial shade.
Astrantia ‘Claret’ is a variety with wine-red inflorescences with transparent wrappers of the same color. Height is about 50-55 cm. It blooms for a very long time, from June to the end of September. It looks very nice in large groups under the trees. Prefers semi-shady and shady places. Can be grown as a container culture.
Astrantia ‘Hadspen Blood’ is a powerful variety, tall (75-80 cm), blood-red inflorescences. It has a very long flowering - from late spring to late summer. Prefers light shade.
Astrantia ‘Lars’ is a variety with dark red inflorescences with lighter wrappers. Blooms from June to late September. Prefers light shade. Height 55-70 cm.
Astrantia ‘Moulin Rouge’ is a variety with inflorescences of a unique dark wine-red tone, wrappers even darker, almost black. Blooms from early to late summer. It can grow both in an open sunny place and in partial shade. In the shade, the color of the flowers becomes weaker.
Astrantia 'Ruby Wedding' - a variety with dark red inflorescences. They bloom in early summer, flowering lasts until early autumn. Height 55-65 cm. Prefers moderate shade.

How to plant astrantia for seedlings

Astrantia can propagate by self-sowing, while there is a possibility of losing varietal characteristics, as the people say: transfer. Therefore, it is desirable to control this process. Note that the seeds varietal plants will not necessarily retain all varietal characteristics, but will also be interesting. You can sow a starfish before winter, and thin out the seedlings in the spring. True, in this case, we are not immune from any vagaries of nature, in case of late frosts we can be left without flowers.

This means that it is better to grow seedlings, especially since no special knowledge or skills are needed.

Seeds need to be stratified (for the winter, put astrantia seeds in the vegetable box of the refrigerator), and in March, sow them in light soil, shallow.
Water, keep the temperature around 22˚ C, keep under a transparent cover until the first shoots appear.
Then put in a very lighted place, moisten the substrate, after the appearance of a couple of leaves, the seedlings must be thinned out.
After a couple of weeks, we dive the seedlings into separate pots, make sure that there are no stable drafts, two weeks before planting in the ground, we begin to harden.
As soon as we can leave the seedlings at the place of hardening for a day, they are ready for planting.

Vegetative propagation of astrantia

It can take place in two ways: by dividing the mother bush and by small segments of the rhizome. In the first case, the terms are spring and autumn, and in the second - only until the moment of awakening and the beginning of the plant's vegetation. In specialized stores, rhizomes of various varieties are most often sold. Astrantia, planting and caring for which will take a little time, reproduces well in this way, the survival rate is high. The only point worth paying attention to is the root system. Before buying a plant, carefully inspect the rhizome if it is open. If the astrantia is in a container, then take a look at the leaves, they should be bright, with normal turgor, without signs of damage. When buying rhizomes in the spring, you can plant them immediately in the ground, if it is winter outside, then use small containers with light and nutritious soil.

What time to plant astrantia in open ground

As a rule, it is recommended to plant seedlings of astrantia in open soil in the last days of May or the first - June. For landing, both a well-lit area, and located in a small shade of trees, are suitable. The soil must be necessarily nutritious and loose, and its composition can be almost any.

How to properly plant astrantia

There is absolutely nothing complicated in planting and caring for such flowers. When planting between bushes, a distance of 0.3 to 0.4 m should be observed. It should be noted that after planting, the plant should be at the same level at which it grew in a pot. The soil should be compacted around the planted plants, and then they are very well watered. Astrantia grown through seedlings begins flowering after 3 years.

Astrant Care

Care for astrantia in the open field comes down to dosed periodic watering, loosening the soil and timely top dressing. Loosening the soil around the roots of the perennial should be carried out as carefully as possible so as not to damage the delicate root system. Watering the plant should be carried out periodically, preventing the soil from drying out in the beds, but without overflow.

Advice! For long-term flowering of astrantia, it is necessary to cut out faded flower stalks in a timely manner.

In winter, caring for astrantia consists in warming the bushes wintering in the open ground with spruce branches. In early spring, with the onset of heat, the spruce branches should be removed, preventing the bushes from drying out.

Fertilizer and top dressing of astrantia

Growing astrantia requires fertilization. It is recommended to apply complex fertilizer once in the spring, then flowering will last longer.

Perennial plants in open ground can be sprayed with a solution of trace elements, making foliar top dressings on green foliage. When planting astrantia in the soil, you can apply long-acting phosphorus fertilizers.

Astrant pruning

Astrantia pruning is carried out at the end of flowering. The plant itself is not aggressive, but can easily spread by self-seeding. Therefore, it is better to cut the inflorescences so that the asterisk does not crowd out other plants.

pruning ornamental shrubs spring

Diseases and pests of astrantia

Zvezdovka is also notable for the fact that it is resistant to diseases and pests. But too frequent watering and constant stagnation of water can lead to fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew. In this case, you can use fungicides, after cutting off the affected areas. Astrantia is suitable for any climate and any soil. Unpretentiousness in care and disease resistance make the starfish almost an ideal perennial.

It is important to know that in addition to the fact that astrantia will be unpretentious, but very ornamental plant in the garden, it can be used in traditional medicine. If there is a need to cleanse the body in case of various poisonings, then a decoction can be prepared from the roots and other parts of the plant, which will help to do this.

Kasatik, or iris, - herbaceous plant for open ground

Iris, or iris, is a herbaceous plant for open ground from the iris family. In its natural environment, it is found in the steppes and plains of the temperate and subtropical climatic zones. Origin - Far East, Central Asia and China.

Description of iris

Endowed with a fibrous filamentous rhizome. Stems solitary or collected in a bunch, with or without branching. The leaves are flat, elongated, with a sharp apex, basal location. Inflorescences are both single and group, different colors: white, lilac, yellow, blue, black. A tubular flower with nectar inside. Blooms in May - July.

Source: Depositphotos

Kasatik - herbaceous plant for open ground

There are up to 250 species. Common irises:

"bearded";
"Russian";
"Siberian";
"marsh";
"smooth";
"German";
"dwarf";
"xiphoid";
"bristly";
"short";
"acute".

All representatives differ in height: low - no more than 40 cm, medium - up to 70 cm, high - from 71 cm. The color and place of growth also vary.

Conditions for growing iris

Kasatik is an ideal herbaceous plant for open ground. In one place lives up to 10 years. It is advisable to choose sites with a light shadow, in the vicinity of sprawling trees. The soil is preferably fertile and loamy, with a neutral alkaline environment. It is frost-resistant, maintains temperature decrease to -5 °C. The optimal growth regime is 15–24 °C.

Agrotechnical care measures:

Watering 1-2 times a week. Excess moisture leads to rotting of the root system.
Propagated by division of the rhizome. In autumn or spring, the selected area is separated. A sharp instrument is used to minimize harm to the remaining processes.
Regular weeding and loosening during dry summers.
Feeding in the first year is not necessary. In poor soils, liquid mineral fertilizers are applied 3 times: in early spring, when buds are laid, and at the end of summer. The first time - nitrogen, the second and third - potassium with phosphorus.

A plant with persistent immunity, but there is a defeat by rhizome rot. The reason is the damp environment. To eliminate the problem, a bush is dug up and treated with a manganese solution. Then transplanted to a dry place. Pests include aphids and gladiolus thrips. Spraying with a special insecticide "Confidor" helps.

Irises are valued by gardeners for their decorativeness and unpretentiousness in care. Looks good in combination with other flowering crops, with deep roots. In landscape design, dwarf species are used for borders. High representatives look in mixboxers and group compositions.

If you are looking for a worthy decoration for a flower bed, then it is better herbaceous gaillardia you can't find. This is a plant that can be recognized by its magnificent and bright flowering. This is a perennial that pleases effective flowering for a long time and does not require special care.

Gaillardia can be used to decorate any flower bed. And thanks to simple care, even an inexperienced gardener can grow a crop. In addition, a wide selection of varieties will allow you to choose suitable option to create a unique flower garden.

Description

On the video - Gaillardia for open ground:

Herbaceous gaillardia is characterized by long flowering. It effectively and harmoniously combines with other flowers and deciduous crops. The plant is not whimsical, so it is actively used for decorative purposes. There are types that are used for cutting.

To date, the following varieties are considered the most popular:

Zone. This is a two-color culture, the height of which reaches 60 cm. The size of the baskets reaches 10 cm. The petals are presented in dark yellow or golden yellowish color. And here's how it goes
Gaillardia Zone
Kobold. It is a bushy plant that is characterized by branching stems and large branches. They have a yellow color, and there is a bright red edging around the edges. The height of the culture reaches 40 cm. But what decorative frost-resistant shrubs for summer cottages exist, you can find out from this
Arizona Sun. it dwarf plant, whose height reaches 20 cm. It is characterized by abundant flowering, which lasts until frost.
Arizona Sun
Primavera. This plant is famous for its compact size. Its height reaches 25 cm. On one rosette, 8 peduncles with baskets can form. Their size reaches 12 cm.
Primavera
burgunder. The variety can be recognized by bright and large flowers. They have a dark red tint and slight yellow blotches.
burgunder
Tokajer. This is a perennial, whose shoots are decorated with bright orange flowers. But how the planting and care of Lupine perennial takes place, it will help to understand this
golden gobin. This variety has a short stature and monochromatic flowers. He was especially fond of gardeners due to the long flowering.

How and when to plant

Gaillardia is so popular due to the fact that it is unpretentious in care. In addition, when planting it does not need to choose a place for a long time and prepare the ground. Culture grows on almost any garden soil. But before planting, it is still worth applying some fertilizer if you have poor soil on the site. Most often you have to make humus, mineral supplements and wood ash. It is worth doing this while digging the site. The plant also does not tolerate acidic soil and the use of fresh manure for fertilizer.

First you need to plant seedlings. To do this, you will have to take a box or other container, fill it with a substrate, and then lead the planting material. It does not need to be planted deep. Pour the soil on top and cover the container with glass. But how Astra seeds are planted for seedlings, this will help to understand

After 5-7 days, the glass can be removed, as the first shoots will appear. When 2-3 leaves are formed on them, then it is worth performing a pick by transplanting young plants into separate pots.

Seedlings can be planted in open ground in mid-August or September. To do this, choose an area that is carefully illuminated by the sun's rays. The soil must also be well drained. The plant welcomes the sun, so that under its influence it will grow and bloom better. But in the shade, the culture will gradually wither and give a slight flowering. Flowers love lighting, but which spotlight to choose for giving for lighting is described in great detail

On the video - how to plant Gaillardia:

Now you can prepare pits for seedlings, place them at a distance of 20-25 cm. The fact is that the bushes grow well. If you plant a plant densely, then next year the flower bed will look ugly. You can grow a crop in one place for no more than 4 years.

How to grow

In fact, Gaillardia belongs to unpretentious cultures. But there are a number of requirements that must be observed when caring for her.

Watering and fertilizing

This type of plant is drought-resistant, so it does not need additional watering. Gaillardia should be watered regularly, provided that the summer is dry.

But fertilization is essential. And you need to do this more than once. The first time fertilizers are used at the very beginning of flowering. The second time top dressing is applied directly during flowering. The third time fertilizers are needed after the plant has already faded.

It is necessary to carry out top dressing only with the use of mineral fertilizers. But this culture does not accept organic matter. In addition, care includes loosening, weeding, cutting off faded buds, autumn pruning of flower stalks and tying to a support. It will also be interesting to learn how to organize watering in your garden, but here's how to install your own drainage pump for irrigation, set out

Wintering

This type of plant does well in winter. Adult bushes do not need additional shelter, but 30 days before the onset of cold weather, it is worth cutting and sprinkling crops with fallen leaves. In those regions where winters are harsh, it is better to cover the plant.

Diseases and pests

If during watering there will be an excess of water, then the defeat of gaillardia by fungi is not excluded. Among them is white rust, powdery mildew and gray mold. To prevent the formation of diseases, it is worth watering the culture moderately. If the first signs of diseases were found, then treat the plant with a solution of potassium permanganate. In case of severe damage, treatment includes the use of fungicides. If this does not help, then the bush will need to be removed.

On the video - protecting flowers from pests:

The herbaceous gaillardia is one of the most popular plants today. And such popularity is caused by the fact that the culture can decorate absolutely any flower bed, while it does not require special care. Combining with other both floral and herbaceous plants, you can create your own masterpiece on the site. Read also material about flowers.

Iris yellow, killer whale

On many garden plots, or near them, there are often ponds, ditches and other bodies of water, the swampy banks of which it is desirable to cultivate and decorate. Varieties of cultivated flower plants there are very few hygrophytes suitable for this; and beautiful "savages" - too. The most suitable of the latter for such work is the yellow iris (photo 1), also called water, swamp, iris, or iris (Iris pseudácorus L.); which has several highly decorative forms. This is the same plant - the image of the flower of which the French kings placed on the coat of arms and flag of medieval France; and since they were not too well versed in the taxonomy of plants, they called it not an iris, but a lily. Kasatik is quite unpretentious, the only prerequisite is the presence of excess, or at least normal soil moisture, i.e. exactly the factor that is the starting point in the search for a suitable species for landscaping the shores of reservoirs. However, with systematic watering, it can also be grown in flower beds.

Yellow iris is a very beautiful perennial herbaceous plant, once planted, you can no longer take care of it. Its leaves are alternate, at the base sheath-stem-embracing, xiphoid, sharp, with a noticeably protruding midrib, long (almost equal to the height of the stem), 15-30 mm wide; bluish-green, covered with a wax coating that prevents blockage of stomata by water. They arise from a thick, branched, creeping horizontal rhizome, which contains essential oil, iridin, ketone, iron, glycosides, organic acids, starch, sugar, vitamin C, tannins; as a result it is used as medicinal raw materials in medicine.

Its decoction is used as an expectorant for pulmonary diseases (usually together with coltsfoot), for enterocolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, ascites, epilepsy, metrorrhagia. It is also used for rinsing - with toothache, sore throat, stomatitis, gingivitis, as well as to strengthen hair. Compresses with his participation are applied to wounds, ulcers, fresh hemorrhoidal bumps. Crushed powder from rhizomes and roots is prescribed as a local anti-inflammatory and analgesic, especially for inflammation of the gums. In addition, the yellow iris rhizome is part of M. I. Zdrenko's prescription, which is used in the treatment of bladder papillomatosis, anacid gastritis and gastric ulcer. In the perfume industry, high-quality essential iris oil is obtained from it, which is used for the production of various perfume products. Harvest rhizomes for medical purposes in autumn or spring. The stems of the plant are compressed-cylindrical, dense, erect, 50-100, and sometimes up to 160 cm tall, branched at the top. Very large (9-10 cm in diameter) regular, bisexual, single or arranged in groups of 3-8 pieces are formed on them on thick pedicels. flowers.

The flower (photo 2) consists of 6 petals, the outer three of which are bent down, three stamens and a pistil with a tripartite petal-like stigma. The ovary is three-celled. The petals are golden yellow, with an orange spot and purple veins, sometimes creamy white. The flowering of an individual flower is short, lasting only 3-4 days, but in general, iris curtains usually bloom for more than a month, from late May to early July, pollinated by bumblebees and flies. Blooming irises are one of our most graceful and beautiful plants, they are suitable for cutting bouquets, but, as already mentioned, they are best used to decorate ponds. The fruit is an oval-trihedral three-winged capsule with a short nose at the top. To save decorative look iris plantations, as well as their best flowering for the next year, in cultural plantings, it is better to remove the tied boxes. Seeds are round, round-oblong or semi-round, shiny, weight 1000 pcs. - 40 g, ripen in late August - October. They can feed the bird, as well as prepare a coffee surrogate from them. Vegetation of plants ends in the first decade of November.

The distribution area of \u200b\u200bIris is very wide - almost the entire European part of Russia, Western Siberia, Caucasus, Western, Central and Eastern Europe. In nature, it occurs quite often, grows in lowland and transitional, mainly floodplain and lakeside bogs, in damp meadows and marshy banks of reservoirs, contributes to their overgrowth. It is winter-hardy, photophilous, prefers rich soils that are light in texture, but can also grow on relatively poor soils. Diseases and pests are rarely affected.

Propagated by seeds, division of the bush, cuttings and pieces of rhizomes. The first, in culture, are propagated less frequently, since they require either stratification or autumn sowing immediately after harvest; moreover, - in the first year, germination is quite low - 6-16%. Most of the seeds germinate only in the second year. Seedlings appear in the first decade of May, and plants formed from seedlings bloom only in the third year. Much more often, killer whales are propagated by cuttings, for this they use rosettes of leaves with a part of the rhizome, planting is done in autumn (in August-September), or in spring; the distance between the seats is 30-50 cm. Before planting, they are slightly dried, or the places of cuts are sprinkled with crushed charcoal. When landing in water, the cuttings are pressed into the bottom and fixed with a flyer made of thick wire. Rooting occurs within three to four weeks, the survival rate is close to 100%. You can harvest cuttings directly in nature. Thus, the yellow iris can be quite easily introduced into the culture, especially since some cultivars bred on its basis are already in the assortment of gardeners.

In addition to yellow, for the purposes of landscaping water bodies, you can also successfully use xiphoid and smooth irises, but they are very rare in nature, they are difficult to get, the latter is even listed in the Red Book (common in the Far East). The first flowers are brown-lilac, and the second - dark red-lilac with a golden spot on the petals.

Partly for this purpose, the Siberian iris (flowers are lilac or purple), which is widespread almost throughout our country (photo 3), is also suitable. It is found in wet meadows, marshes, along ditches; but usually grows not in water, but only near it.

On its basis, many decorative varieties are also bred. However, all cultivars are much more whimsical than their wild ancestors, so to create beautiful compositions that require minimum care, it is advisable to use the latter. Moreover, they are very attractive and are not much inferior in beauty to their pampered cultural descendants.