How to make a mansard roof with your own hands.

mansard roof is the best way to increase the useful area of the house. This will keep costs to a minimum. With this design, you can equip one or more living rooms. Often in the attic they arrange children's rooms or an office. A comfortable room in the attic can serve as a living room.

When arranging the attic, it is important to remember a few principles that will help create a comfortable and practical room. The mansard roof is a specially equipped attic. When creating such a structure, it is important to carefully approach the stages of thermal insulation, redevelopment and ventilation of the room on the roof. A video of building a mansard roof with your own hands (step by step) can be found at the end of the article.

Advantages and disadvantages of the solution

When deciding to equip an attic room, you need to know the features of its construction. The advantages of attic rooms include:

There is an extra room in the attic. It can be equipped depending on taste preferences and purpose.
Small costs. building attic room won't add up to a large amount. Such work will be equivalent to the construction of an extension near the house. At the same time, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe house is expanding.
Great view from the window. Attractive scenery outside the window attic space no one will be left indifferent.

If we consider the disadvantages of the attic device, we should remember the need for additional heating of the room.

Types of mansard roofs

When designing an attic floor, it is important to take care of choosing the type of roof. It is necessary to understand not only the choice of the appearance of the structure, but also the methods of its arrangement. There are several options that are most acceptable when creating a mansard roof. They can be selected only taking into account the features of the house:

It is important to deal with the device of the mansard roof, which it was decided to make.

Attic device

Each roof has its own design features. However attic structures have a number of common features with simple pitched structures. It is important to know them before starting work:

Knowing the structure of the roof, you can start the main work. A photo of the construction of a mansard roof with your own hands (step by step) will help you deal with the stages of the process.

Attic construction technology

Often, when designing a mansard roof, architects do not take into account the errors in the ventilation system and the insulating layer. If there are such errors, the result can be disastrous. Within a few years, the roof will begin to leak. Since the attic is quite close to the wall inside the room, it is quite difficult to ensure the optimal level of heat transfer. The design of the attic must necessarily include elements such as thermal insulation and ventilation.

Important! Elements of the truss system should be pre-treated with various means of protection that will reduce the impact of fire and microorganisms.

The heat-insulating layer is made 20 cm thick. This is due to the cold climate in most regions of Russia. In addition, when creating good thermal insulation in summer, it will be cool under the mansard roof. The advantages of this solution indicate the need to select a high-quality protective material.

In addition, you will need to create a roof ventilation system. In summer, when the temperature is quite high, the roof will get very hot, which can make staying in the attic quite uncomfortable. With a properly equipped air supply and exhaust system, being in a room will become much more pleasant. The same solution will protect the roof from destruction. A layer of sound insulation is laid to create a quiet and comfortable environment inside the attic. At the same time, rain, hail or strong winds will not be heard much.

Advice! when laying insulation materials, it is best to work with an experienced installer. This will avoid mistakes.

Stages of construction of the attic

Step-by-step instructions for arranging an attic floor involve the implementation of a number of subtleties of technology. For the construction of the attic, you must have at least minimal experience construction works. The construction of an attic space will be significantly more difficult than in the case of a conventional roof. This is due to the need to comply with the desired angles of the slopes. You can figure out how to build an attic in a private house with your own hands after studying the construction plan.

You need to start with the drafting of the attic floor. For this purpose, it is better to invite a specialist who can accurately calculate the load and set the required dimensions of the elements. If you have certain knowledge, all calculations can be performed in a special program. You will also need to calculate the slopes of the roof and the expected loads. For error-free work, you will need to study the book "loads and effects on buildings and structures."

The construction of the truss frame

When performing this stage of work, you will need to invite 2-3 workers. It is better to start the roofing device with the laying of Mauerlat bars. They are fixed around the perimeter of the house. For Mauerlats choose bars 100x100 mm.

Then they mount the frame of the future attic room. Its vertical elements will serve as support posts for the truss system. First, vertical supports are installed on both sides. They are fixed to the longitudinal beams. To connect you need to use metal corners and self-tapping screws.

Advice! In the process of such work, it is better to use a screwdriver. This will speed up the work considerably.

As a result of such actions, two arches are obtained. They should be connected with a twine. It must be strictly horizontal. Even with a slight slope of the tow, one of the arches will have to be shortened. Then, at a certain distance from each other, other arches should be installed. To fix the jumpers, use stamped corners.

Then the upper rafters are installed. This kind of work is quite difficult. Rafters should be mounted in such a way that they are installed at a certain slope. First, a template is made from the boards. It is necessary that they correspond to the connected rafters. When using such a template, you need to cut the rafters that are on the ground. Then they are installed in the right place. Installation of rafters is carried out taking into account the construction of the internal attic room.

The installation of the truss structure ends with nailing the crate. Usually it is made of plywood or chipboard.

Attic roof insulation

After completing the installation of the truss system and the crate, you can create an insulating layer. The vapor barrier film is laid from the inside of the roof. It is fixed to the rafters on building brackets. After that, thermal insulation is performed. It is necessary to monitor the density of laying the insulation on the surface of the rafters. There should be no gaps due to which problems with condensate and thermal protection of the room may arise in the future. the construction of the crate is attached to the thermal insulation with a gap between the boards of half a meter.

Waterproofing is laid on top of the rafters. It will protect the attic from moisture. Roofing is laid on top of the waterproofing layer. Such a roofing pie scheme is optimal when constructing an attic.

Attention! During construction, it is important to take care of compliance with safety requirements.

As you can see, building a mansard roof is a serious job. The durability of the structure depends on the degree of seriousness with which to approach the work. You can find a lot of examples of what design and appearance an attic can have. Among its various types, you can choose the most suitable option. If you want to create optimal daylight, you should install a large window. Often its shape is chosen round or square. In any case, before work, you should carefully prepare and draft a future building.

conclusions

When building a mansard roof, some features of the work should be taken into account. For example, it is important to create proper insulation and waterproofing the cake. In addition, you need to take care of the choice of roofing. Thanks to this, the mansard roof will be reliably protected from the weather.

Before work, a draft of the future building is drawn up. It is created taking into account the design loads and materials used. The construction plan reflects all the subtleties of the process. It is important to follow the mansard roof construction technology - this will ensure its reliability and durability.

After lofts came into fashion, that is, in fact, attics converted into housing, sloping roofs became extremely popular. It's kind of a variation on the theme gable roof, but somewhat more complex geometry. Thanks to the arrangement of a sloping roof in your house, it becomes possible to increase the useful living volume of the attic - significantly raise the ceiling at the extreme points of the slope. In addition, according to many, such a roof looks more unusual and much more spectacular than a simple gable.

The construction of a sloping roof is somewhat more complicated than a gable, but easier than any four-slope - hip, half-hip, tent, as well as others with more exotic geometry. However, before proceeding to the study of this topic, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the basic terms and concepts and learn how to build more simple options roofs - single-pitched and double-pitched.

Broken roof: where to start

In construction without planning, even a dog house is not built, so the zero step in the construction of a sloping roof will be the construction of a drawing. It can be done on a computer or manually. To begin with, we build a frontal projection of the foot (the foot in short is the basis of the house without a roof) of our house. Now, also observing the proportions, we build on the drawing such a roof as we like. At the same time, do not forget that there will be an attic under it, so you need to consider the height of the ceilings in it. So we get the approximate height of the roof, the degree of slope and other parameters.

On the proposed plan the break is located at a height of 3.1 meters, which, in fact, will be (conditionally, without taking into account the roofing pie) the final height of the ceiling in the attic. If the finishing is done with drywall, then in the end the ceiling in the attic floor will be about 2.5 meters - very good. The outer angles of the slopes with the horizon are: ridge - 30 °, side - 60 °. By the way, if the slope angle is 60 ° or more, then the snow load may not be taken into account in the calculations - snow will not be retained on it. Your own drawing may have other options.

Calculation of the components of the truss system

So that our roof does not collapse under its own weight and the weight of the "roofing pie", you need to accurately select the sections of the beams and boards of the truss system, as well as calculate their maximum strength. To do this, you need to use a special program " Calculation of rafters and floor beams».

To calculate the cross section of the beams of the side slopes, you need to open the tab (they are at the bottom of the window) “Sling.1”. Next, we set a suitable section and bring in plan our house is an indicator of the vertical reaction force (in the figure in the program it is a red arrow pointing upwards) at the highest point of the rafter. Let's call this indicator Q1 kg.

When installing puff boards, we install a temporary support under each somewhere in the middle of the length. This allows you to reduce the degree of sagging. Supports 2.5×15 cm can be used (in the illustration you can see the support for only one puff). They are necessary so that during the installation of the rafters you can not be afraid that one of the bars will break, and also to prevent sagging.

We put a 2.5 × 15 board on top of the puffs, which will pull them together and make the whole structure more stable. Important: this board cannot be installed exactly in the center - it will interfere with further installation. It will be enough to retreat from the central axis about 20 cm to the right or left.

Now we put the bars of the side rafters, as shown in the illustration. Do not forget that, despite all our efforts, the geometry of the base of the roof could turn out to be by no means ideal. Therefore, first we make a template along the end beam. Then, on all subsequent rafters, we only do the top washed down. After that, we put the rafter in the place we need and only then we finally saw it down. Only after that we fix the rafters.

If the length of the beam is not enough, it can be increased, but an additional rack must be placed under the junction.

Now you can mount the plugs for the insulation material, as shown. in the illustration.

Next, you can put the rafters of the upper ridge slope. We make a temporary rack: we take a board 2.5 × 15 and put it exactly perpendicular to the extreme puff, as it is done in the illustration. The right (or left) edge of the board must be aligned exactly with the center axis. Now we take a board of the same section, apply it to our central stand and make marks with a pencil where the upper and lower cuts will be located - we got a template.

The attic in the room not only provides additional living space, but also creates a cozy atmosphere, ennobles the general appearance of the building. Due to the fact that an “air cushion” is created, the presence of an attic ensures the preservation of heat inside the most capital premises, despite the fact that it can be used by residents only in the hot season, and not heated in the cold. When constructing an additional room, it must be borne in mind that the attic can be made, however, independent work may be complicated by the complexity of the design and its size, so it is better to turn to the services of a professional.

Roof modifications are varied, but the most commonly used are gable or broken modification. They differ in their organization. Before you make a mansard roof at home with your own hands, you should decide which of the two modifications is more preferable for a particular house, and also easier to install in a particular case, you need to study the features of both structures. When building an attic, it is necessary to understand which type of reference reception to prefer from the two available. The roof of any building is one of two variations truss systems, or layered construction, or hanging. Both of these designs have their own characteristics, their choice depends on the placement bearing wall building.

Top hanging device type

This name is given to the organization of rafters, the base for which are only the extreme base walls of the building. This model is used if the building has no other capital floors other than external walls. The use of this design is permissible, taking into account that the distance between both capital foundations does not exceed eight meters, the reason for this is a noticeable weight on the base load-bearing structures. As you understand, this load should be reduced. To do this, you can use the following devices:

struts;
crossbars;
grandmas;
puffs.

Beams that are used, for example, for overlapping are pulled by means of braces to the supporting legs, and the puff is suspended by the headstock to the upper knot. For overlapping in this type of structure, hewn logs or wide beams placed on the edge are used. The profile must be at least 100 by 200 mm. In order to comply with the required dimensions, it is recommended to contact a specialist to perform all calculations, the floor in the attic room must be reliable.

Type of layered structure

Unlike the previous scheme, the structure is mounted not only on both supporting external walls, but also on solid ceilings placed on the base. Therefore, before you build a mansard roof with your own hands, you need to plan in advance the construction of the attic itself, namely, the foundation. In the event that the base is made tape, on which it is already planned to raise the load-bearing partitions, then the layered system is the best option. In this case, the structure withstands impressive loads and has an advantage over the hanging scheme in this regard, in addition, it provides a powerful base for the logs and deck of the building. Thanks to the base floors, the layered structure has additional support. When the builder chooses a broken roofing option for the attic, a mixed roof organization system can be used, in which the side rafters are of a layered system, and the upper ones are by a hanging method.

When building a building from blocks or bricks, often the front of the attic is built from the same material. The main plus is that the builder does not need to calculate the dimensions of the top elements, assemble them and move them to the wall. However, it must be remembered that a do-it-yourself mansard roof involves a preliminary carefully designed structure scheme. With such a scheme, the foundation must be strong and the thickness of the walls is appropriate, since with such a pediment there is a huge weight on the base building.

Let's take a look at this situation. You decide to use the attic as part of your living space, what will it take. First, decide how you want to use it. If it is year-round and as a living room, then the most acceptable option for you will be the front wall lined with brick or foam blocks. To provide optimal height attic room under a gable roof, the slopes must be made at an angle of 45-50 degrees, based on the width of the end of the building. With a smaller angle, the living space of the room is significantly reduced. In order to avoid building an unreasonably high roof, which will lead to overspending of materials, weighting of the structure and significant windage of the roof in strong winds, it is not recommended to increase the steepness of the slopes.

The construction of a gable roof is more simplified than that of a broken structure, due to the use of even rafters from the top to the edge of the walls, and the absence of additional joints and kinks. But a broken device has its advantages, it allows you to organize high ceilings in this part of the home and a spacious room. Installation of a broken system is much more difficult in all respects: in design, in laying roofing, in execution, but in this case the building receives external solidity, and a significant space is formed under the roof. Complicates the installation of a broken structure a large number connecting nodes, it is necessary to perform all the ligaments in accordance with the rules, only in this case the whole structure will be reliable and immovable.

This design provides for a significant number of complex articulations of the components. In that circumstance, if the building is made of brick or stone, then the front parts can be erected in advance, as in the original version of the attic, during the main masonry process. To create a support system in this case, it is necessary to organize intermediate supports and retaining connections to them, focusing on the gables already made. Before you implement your idea, you need to prepare. To build a mansard roof with your own hands, project drawings of the entire structure are required. They should be developed in advance, they should display the dimensions, and only after that it is necessary to organize the purchase of materials for the selected building from the above scheme.

Design dimensions for the gable top of the attic

In order to correctly position all the elements in the overall model, it is necessary to take a figure with right angles as a starting point, for example, from a square or rectangle - the profile created by the attic room. Taking as a basis the parameters of the height and width of the room, it is almost impossible to make a mistake in the meaning of the angles at which the slopes of the top, all retaining elements, rafters and the location of the top will be located. After calculating these parameters, you must immediately transfer the digital data to the drawing. At the very beginning, the middle of the width of the front wall is determined. Taking this value as a basis, it is necessary to determine the height of the ridge, the ceiling of the attic room, the dimensions of the cornice overhang and the placement of the base walls.

Any of the designs implies the necessary volume of connecting joints, various modifications, therefore, each bundle must be drawn separately in order to see in detail the connections of all nodes that converge at a point.

Each basic scheme contains the main links and additional, optional in a number of designs. The main components of the attic roof are:

floor logs are the basis for other elements of the truss structure, they are mounted on the supporting walls of the building;
the supporting leg, which is straight with a gable roof, and in a broken pattern formed from two components. With such a scheme, the upper support is called the ridge, as it forms the upper point of the roof - the ridge, the walls of the attic are formed by rafters, which are called side;
a sleeper or ridge board is an indispensable element of a gable roof, an exception can sometimes be, for example, when a broken structure is installed;
the mauerlat is attached to the base side walls of the building and is a powerful legel on which the supporting legs are mounted;
to strengthen both the gable and the broken structure, supporting elements are needed - racks. With a broken pattern, side and upper supports are attached, and when constructing a gable roof, the rack is the basis for sheathing and insulating the walls of the room;
bevels or connecting diagonal parts auxiliaryly fasten the longitudinal beams or posts and supports, thus, the structure is more monolithic.
Attic floor beams are designed to connect racks. They are considered the main basis in the attics of all types.
in the broken structure of the top, inter-rafter runs are provided, which are needed to give the structure hardness.

In order to be sure that the created plan is carried out correctly, it is recommended to consult with an expert. He will be able to check how correctly all the indicators of the entire building are calculated. Also, there are various training systems not for professionals, developed for advisory purposes, you can familiarize yourself with them by watching the do-it-yourself mansard roof video step by step on our website.

After preparing the drawing, based on the dimensions fixed in it, you can begin to calculate the amount of materials that are needed for work. The choice of materials should be based on the requirements of environmental friendliness and fire fighting equipment. Wooden elements must be treated with special impregnations to reduce the combustibility of the material. For the construction of the structure, it will be necessary to purchase:

a tree for supporting legs, the profile is selected based on calculations;
depending on the selected support system, the crossbar, which has a profile of either 100 by 15 mm, or 150 by 200 mm, in addition, the distance between the main wall structures must be taken into account;
for rolling the Mauerlat, a sleeper with a profile of 100 by 150 or 150 by 150 mm is purchased;
logs for racks 100 by 100 or 150 by 150 mm;
the deck of the subfloor is made of unedged boards, in addition, it will be needed for a number of fasteners;
it is necessary to purchase various mounting hardware and a sheet of metal for cutting overlays with a thickness of at least 1 mm;

Today we will talk about popular solutions for mansard roofs, their capabilities. After reviewing the illustrations, diagrams of the truss system, you will get a clear idea of their device. And having studied the basics of calculation, you can optimize the cost of lumber. Get information about the important points of space planning. Find out in what sequence the mansard roof truss system is mounted.

Mansard roof is complex structure, and requires careful calculations Source stroyland.su

Drawings of the truss system

Any mention of an attic is associated with a voluminous "pentagonal" roof in which you can live, but there are other options.

Shed

Extremely simple, reliable shed mansard roof. Thanks to the rectilinear forms, it looks modest, but elegant. Special respectability is added by large panoramic windows“on the floor”, because such a design not only allows, but provokes their installation.

House with pitched roof, with windows on almost the entire wall Source drevogid.com

The rafter system is very simple: the straight rafters of a single slope rest on the mauerlat of opposite walls of different heights, and, if necessary, on intermediate supports. The proportions of the walls are selected for a slope of 35-45 degrees, which guarantees stability to wind loads and normal snowfall.

Source dvorakdesign.ru

The volume is used effectively - if desired, this is an additional full-fledged floor, since the usable area is equal to the area of the previous floor.

gable

Relatively simple widespread roof. It looks unpretentious, but inspires confidence, as it maintains the traditions characteristic of the Russian style. As a result, it is rarely designed specifically for the attic, more often it is adapted in finished form.

The gable roof is traditional, and most often the choice falls on it. Source dekoriko.ru

Structurally simple - specifications and a truss system like a conventional gable roof. Straight rafters rest on the Mauerlat, angled into a ridge. Gables are triangular in shape, straight, sheer, almost always glazed, often with access to a balcony.

Most often, a similar scheme is used for arranging an attic in small house with a gable roof Source csgoshik.ru

It is problematic to fully use the volume, but it is possible, even necessary. The useful area is relatively small, the ceiling is usually "broken". However, the skillful arrangement of furniture, bold design solutions disadvantages can be turned into advantages.

broken line

The most popular option is a sloping roof with an attic. Which is not at all surprising - despite the complexity, it is the most convenient and practical. Overall forms and broken lines symbolize solidity and professionalism. Appearance of this roof "by default" is associated with the "mansard". This is quite natural - it is purposefully designed for living quarters.

To add space on the attic floor, preference is given to a sloping roof Source lbuilding.ru

The rafter system is quite complicated, but its advantages are worth the money and effort spent. Characteristic pentagonal gables, with the functionality of a gable roof - the same opportunity to insert windows, arrange an exit to the balcony.

The scheme is more complex, but gives more space. Source moiton.ru

Spacious attic roof of a private house. The volume is used to the maximum - at full height, the useful area of \u200b\u200bthe room is equal to or slightly less than that of the previous floor.

Calculation basics

The purpose of the calculations is to find a compromise between aesthetics, reliability and cost.

aesthetic side. To begin with, a general sketch of the roof is being designed. The proportions are determined, compared with the size of the house.

The difference between a sloping roof and a gable roof is significant Source homemyhome.ru

After that, a constructive calculation is carried out, where factors are taken into account:

Own weight structural elements of the roof. The load from it acts on each element of the truss system.

Wind loads. They are variables and affect all elements.

Weight people, interior elements and furniture. Loads only the floor.

Factors are processed, summarized. Based on the results, conclusions are drawn about the dimensions of the structural elements. For guaranteed strength, they are rounded up. But technological assembly is hampered by the individual width and thickness of each structural element rafter system, and their custom-made production is unprofitable. Therefore, the elements are combined into groups standard sizes lumber. And standard solutions significantly reduce the cost of the project - after all, custom-made is always more expensive.

If the project is individual and non-standard, it is better to order accurate calculations. Taking into account the number of factors, their specific impact on the truss system, the conclusion suggests itself - exact calculation, this is a matter of specialists. It makes no sense to do calculations on your own - there is a high probability of error. For standard and standard solutions, a ready-made existing project can be adapted.

In addition to the main points, a few practical recommendations will come in handy:

Rafter step corresponds to the dimensions of the heater.

Rafter width corresponds to the thickness of the insulation.

layout

The stairs are key. Its position must be linked with future floor beams. If the pitch of the rafters allows, we simply orient it between the beams. Otherwise, we design a reliable convenient entrance to the attic.

At the planning stage, it is useful to think over the interior. At this stage, decisions are made about partitions and additional natural light – skylights. Of course, it's too early to think about decorating, but the engineering part should become clear - what functionality will be implemented.

In the attic you can equip an office with a corner for music lessons Source pinterest.co.uk

After all, the features of such premises: broken-inclined ceilings, their reduced height, unusual walls and custom lighting.

Therefore, a specific layout of the premises is necessary, and in them, the distribution is correct - space zoning:

For the main life activity, are allocated bright and well ventilated premises.

Uncomfortable areas are equipped under the storage.

"Unusual conditions" to give away at the disposal of children.

Interior design and ultimate comfort are created by the skillful use of potential finishing materials, furniture and accessories.

Assembly

In most cases, the construction of a mansard roof begins with a Mauerlat device. A strictly horizontal position, parallel, reliable fastening of its bars is important.

Mansard roof rafter structure Source kryshagid.ru

For the installation of the rafter system, two options are practiced: the elements of the truss system on the ground are assembled into trusses, lifted and installed ready-made. Or everything is collected separately at the top - "in place", observing procedure:

Roof beams are laid. This takes into account the step of the truss system and the possibility for arranging stairs.

Straightaway laying a rough ceiling, or temporary flooring for safe work.

Racks are mounted. Temporary braces are arranged to keep them in a vertical position. Runs are laid on the racks.

Over runs stacked puffs.

Mounted lower rafters.

Temporary braces change to permanent wind connections in the longitudinal position.

Installed top rafters.

exhibited pediment frame, taking into account the design, openings are organized for: windows, balconies, other options are provided.

Further down the rafters roofing membrane is laid, and is pressed against them with a counter-lattice - bars with a section of 50x50 mm. To organize the ventilation gap. This preparations for warming. They need to be carried out at this stage. Missing is a huge omission.

On the counter-lattice crate stuffed, with a step corresponding to the roofing.

mounted roofing, its additional elements: wind boards, skate.

The same house may look different and have different usable area Source 1dom.kz

Video description

About the features of the calculation of the mansard roof in the video:

Exactly according to the same principle, the attic floor is mounted with gable roof. Moreover, its device is even simpler - all the rafters are solid.

The next step is to insulate the roof. Of course, it can be done from the outside, before the installation of the membrane, battens and roofing. But it is safer from the inside - there will be no threat of precipitation and work will be carried out more carefully, because successful operation depends on it.

The insulation from the inside of the room is protected by a vapor barrier film. And between it and the interior trim, a mandatory ventilation gap device - interior decoration not mounted directly on the rafters. For her, specially, as well as outside for the crate, a counter-rail is stuffed, or a frame is arranged.

On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer a turnkey roof calculation and repair service. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Conclusion

Mansard roof is perfect solution, allowing you to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe house without a significant increase in the cost of its construction. There are a lot of solutions for the construction of the attic floor - they can be both standard and designed for a particular house. But in any case, the installation of the attic requires specialized knowledge and this work should be done by professionals.

How to build a mansard roof with your own hands. Stages of construction. Heater installation. Creation of a truss system. Construction technology.

After building the frame of the building, many want to save money and do the construction of a mansard roof with their own hands. However, in order for this process to go "without a hitch," you need to know all the nuances of installation at each stage.

Stages of work. Roof device. Types of roofing materials. Features of the truss system. Installation of lathing, waterproofing and insulation. Roof types. The correctness of the work.

Skylights

Use the entire possible area, give the house originality and significantly reduce heat loss through the roof - these are the tasks that the attic solves. If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way you can turn cottage into two levels. It is also attractive that a do-it-yourself mansard roof can be built even without special building skills.

It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows in the usual floor are located in the walls. There are no or almost no walls in the attics. Roofing replaces them. That is why windows are made special: they not only have to let in enough light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much more on the roof than on the walls.

When planning an attic, it is worth considering the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend that the window area be at least 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Of all the methods shown in the photo for arranging skylights with an attic, the inclined installation is the easiest to implement. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, as well as to use special models with a reinforced frame and reinforced glass - the load on the surface can be significant.

Benefits of a sloped roof window:

more light, not so sharp borders of light and shadow;
the roof surface remains flat, its relief is not complicated;
relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, it must be remembered that its area increases with an increase in the angle of inclination.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it, calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to put two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

Expert opinion

Filimonov Evgeny

Professional builder. 20 years of experience

Ask an expert

When installing a dormer window, the geometry of the roof becomes more complicated: a valley appears on top and on the sides. Because of this, the truss system becomes more complex in both planning and assembly.

The complexity of laying roofing also increases. All valleys are the places of the most probable occurrence of leaks. That is why it is necessary to do everything very carefully. In regions with a lot of snow, it is advisable to install snow retainers above such windows: so that they are not blown away during a sharp descent.

The advantage of such a window: you can stand near it in full height. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more difficult and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if an exit to a balcony is made through it. In other cases, this method of device is not the best option: little light enters, the shadows are very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complicated, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window in the end part of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Quite simply high-quality glasses are enough. This option is most often seen on country mansards: this is the most inexpensive option, which is easily implemented with your own hands.

truss system

At self construction private houses with an attic usually choose a sloping roof. It allows you to get a room of a significant area, larger than under the gable.

The design of the sloping mansard roof is such that the overhangs can be lowered quite low, giving the house an interesting look. But the long overhang of the roof is not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning, you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase the windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main of which is weather conditions.

Tilt angle

Depends on roofing material, but most of all - from the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60 °, the upper ones - by 30 °. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, all lengths can be calculated. Just keep in mind that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

In the classic version, the load from precipitation on the side surfaces may not be taken into account. Precipitation can only be held on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45 °.

In general, the slope of the side surfaces usually ranges between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds, it is better to make flatter roofs. Then the wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of rafter systems of broken roofs

For the manufacture of a sloping roof frame with their own hands, pine lumber is most often used, the grade is not lower than 2. The choice of the section of timber and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing (its weight), wind and snow load in the region, the installation step of the rafters. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The technique is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TCP 45-5.05-146-2009.

For a small-sized building, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafter legs, a puff, floor beams, racks and side rafters