Wooden houses with large windows. Projects of wooden houses with large windows

The use of the KUB-2.5 prefabricated system in construction saves up to 28% of the total cost, which increases the profitability of the facility by about 60%.

Frame Unified Transomless "CUBE" is a building system, the main difference of which is the use of industrially manufactured elements of the building frame and their installation on the construction site. Developed by TsNIIEP dwellings back in Soviet times and improved by the authors of the development, who registered the invention at NPO KUB, the prefabricated frame system is designed for the construction of buildings up to 25 floors high in 4 climatic zones with seismic resistance up to 9 points inclusive.


	columns

		Wall panel in the ground (for water separation)

Analyzing building systems in terms of cost, planning capabilities, labor costs, speed of construction, architectural solutions, experts agree that in the next 5-7 years, the industrial prefabricated frame will confidently take 35-40% of the building technology market, displacing large panel and frame-monolithic schemes, not to mention the construction of small-piece materials. The arguments are pretty obvious:

firstly, frame structures are more versatile - they can be used in all types of construction production - in the construction of residential and office buildings, industrial facilities, shopping and parking complexes;

secondly, the advantage of modern frame technologies in that they give much greater freedom in the choice of architectural solutions;

thirdly, the cost-effectiveness of the prefabricated frame, compared with traditional schemes, is 22-28% of the total cost;

and, of course, the main indicator is the reduction of construction time, which allows the customer to quickly return the investment with a profit, and the consumer to celebrate housewarming much earlier.

What is a prefabricated frameless frame?

Products of CS "KUB-2.5" have a simple geometric shape and a minimum number of basic sizes (4).

The frame consists of square columns 400x400 mm and flat floor panels 3x3m, 160 mm thick.

Depending on the location in the plan, floor panels are divided into above-column, inter-column and middle.

The partitioning of the floor is designed in such a way that the panel joints are located in zones where the value of bending moments is equal to zero. The spatial rigidity of the structure is ensured by the monolithic connection of the elements (floors and columns) and, if necessary, by the inclusion of connections and diaphragms in the system.

Installation of structures is carried out in the following order:

Columns are mounted and monolithic in the glasses of the foundations;

Over-the-column panels are installed and welded to the reinforcement of the columns;

Intercolumn and middle panels are mounted.

After installing the clamps, the seams between the panels are monolithic. At the same time, the joints of the above-column slabs with columns are monolithic along the entire floor at this level.

The design of the joints of the columns provides for forced installation, in which the fixing rod of the upper column must enter the branch pipe of the lower column.

There are only mounting seams in the knot.

Structural building system "KUB-2.5" reviewed and recommended for use

The prefabricated frameless frame system has proven itself in more than 30 regions of Russia. The number of its supporters and the volume of development are growing every year.

In 2015, the first houses of the new KUB 2.5 series were already built in Moscow on Khlobystova Street, and now they will increasingly appear in new building blocks. The series, approved by the Moscow Architecture Committee, is presented as “the most cost-effective structural system in terms of cost, planning capabilities, construction speed, labor costs and architectural solutions. The internal and external walls on the prefabricated-monolithic frame of these houses can be made of bricks and blocks, as well as of panels. From the "constructor" KUB 2.5, you can build housing and economy, and comfort, and business class.

MOSLENTA asked the former head of the Scientific Research and Design Institute (NIiPI) of the General Plan of Moscow, Honored Architect of Russia Sergey Tkachenko to talk about what new opportunities for changing the number of storeys and layouts are incorporated in the houses of new series, what is affected by the bright diversity of facades, in what form similar houses are rented out in Germany today, and why Moscow architects are guided by them today.

House series KUB 2.5

Image: Glavstroy Development

Sergey Tkachenko, Honored Architect of the Russian Federation, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Arts, former head of the NIiPI General Plan of Moscow

Sergey Tkachenko

Pavel Golovkin / Kommersant

The diversity of facades

If we talk about houses of new series, in particular, KUB 2.5, then first of all it is not important how brightly the facades will be painted. For some reason, this is usually the first thing people pay attention to. It must be understood that the appearance is determined by the reigning tastes. Now at the architectural councils everyone understands: you need to do it “under Germany”, and then you will pass all the approvals. And if you do it under another country, you won’t pass, because since 2012 the German model of development in Moscow architecture has been approved. This happened after the replacement of the architectural team, from the time when Sergei Tchoban began to determine the direction of modern Moscow architecture.

If we qualitatively follow the North German, Dutch path - the path of Protestant architecture, then it is characterized by a certain diversity of facades, designed to distract from life's problems. In our country, this approach was developed by Andrey Chernikhov, who created the famous color school for autists. It is bright, colorful, so that children can navigate and memorize by colors where they study, where they live. A similar system is now used for all residents of standard housing blocks. Just remember: I live in an orange house, and you live in a green one, and so on. Even the entrances began to be painted in different colors to make it easier to navigate.

variability

Any model house modern series, as well as the basic model of the car, can be upgraded in the direction of complication, improvement, while, of course, its cost increases. In general, from a constructive point of view, today's series are much more interesting than what house-building factories produced in the 1970s and 1980s. Engineers and designers have something to work with, modern standard houses absorb all engineering innovations: smart home technologies, recuperation, that is, energy reuse. Due to this, they become expensive, but that is another question.

Back in the 1970s, it was possible, by building panel house, greatly vary both its number of storeys, and the configuration, and layouts of apartments. But then it would have so much increased the cost of the construction itself, and this approach was immediately rejected. We had regulatory limits: five-story buildings without an elevator, nine-story buildings with one elevator, and higher ones with two. The money was state-owned, there was not enough of it, they were saving it, so the heights of the houses were predetermined, and the projects did not vary, except for isolated, exceptional cases.

Now, especially considering the declaimed multi-storey development of New Moscow, the time has come when different variants buildings. True, we still see only the maximum number of storeys and courtyards-wells that appear among 22-25-storey buildings, and such a building density has never happened before. We will assume that this is the imperative of the time, and apartments become cheaper due to this.

Variation in layout is possible in the current series, and this is also a sign of the times. Who said that housing construction is at the level of the 1960s, 1970s? It is developing all over the world, a little ahead of us, and there are ready-made solutions to peep - and that's great!

The prefabricated monolithic frame of the house of the KUB 2.5 series consists of vertical columns and flat floor panels

"Glavstroy Development"

Block layout

At the end of the 1980s, a new district "Marzahn-Helersdorf" was built in East Berlin. Bright houses with an intensive use of color, new layouts, but most importantly - due to what they became innovative - social, domestic and transport infrastructure was implemented there at a new level. It's not about bright facades, much more important is what happens around the houses.

And of course, as an architect and urban planner, I am primarily concerned about how the landscaping is evolving. I do not mean benches and lawns, but the layout within the new quarters. It will be great if they start doing it the way it was in the early 1950s. This later rejected system was good: everything was carefully thought out, standardized and executed. Inside these old quarters there is everything you need. And then came the quarterly system, to which they returned in the 1990s, and now it dominates again: there is an intra-yard territory - it is for residents, and what is outside is already for the city.

"Machine for housing" with open spaces microdistricts, which Corbusier spoke about in the 1930s, has acquired a peculiar look in our country. We again came to the quarterly system of the 1930s and 1950s, which is not bad at all: it protects the identity of the tenant, the city dweller. But we insanely increased the height of the buildings themselves, as a result we have wells in the yards, the lack of insolation, which we have already come to terms with. Because we proceed from the fact that the main thing is square meters. And it is important that investors, even in a crisis, build and sell as much as possible.

The layout should at least be laid down in the project so that it cannot be distorted later. All vital infrastructure elements must be planned so that they cannot be changed: Kindergarten and a school within a radius of accessibility, the first floors reserved for public spaces. Then these new neighborhoods will, as they say, "gain strength."

First or second home

There are immutable truths from the category of "twice two - four." For example: the courtyard space is designed for all social and age categories of residents. Now these houses are being built for socially close categories. If in the Soviet years anyone could be there, now it is clear that these are people who cannot buy an expensive apartment, or this is their first or second home, and the owners dream of earning more money in order to move to the banks of the Moskva River or to the center. For example, in Western Europe, on average, a person changes housing seven times during his life. And each next one is more comfortable and modern. If we are approaching Western reality, we should be the same. That is, the housing market should provide such opportunities.

And if so, then we should have serial construction, providing the possibility of a variable habitat, both intra-quarter, and micro-district, and intra-yard. It is not necessary to make a well from 25-story buildings: on the side where the sun goes, you can make a gap, lower the number of floors - there are many options, they are passed in the third year of the architectural institute. And apartments in which there is no sun should cost less.

Returning to a typical situation: the social infrastructure must be fully provided: kindergartens, schools, convenience stores, sports complexes, a clinic - this regulatory list can be continued for a long time. Among these new neighborhoods there should be an area of more brisk trade with large stores, shopping center, public center - concert or exhibition hall. And then, as you move away from such a center, everything should line up patriarchally in the surrounding areas: you don’t need many shops or noisy establishments, such as youth nightclubs.

Khldobystova 10 k.1

Ground floors and cultural centers

All the same, all the first floors will not be able to be occupied by public institutions, shops, offices. At the same time, there should not be housing, except for disabled groups population, that is, those whose exit leads directly to the street. In the Soviet years, there were such “commissions for the first floors”, which knew very well what social set should be, and the entire social structure was already provided at the design stage. Now councils and prefectures issue requirements for the first floors, but not in full.

Landscaping should be included in the project so that from block to block there are "green passages" that do not intersect with the main streets. Then the spaces of the yards will not be closed, but public.

If there is a river or a pond in the area, it is generally wonderful, here is a ready-made territory for a public, cultural, and recreational center for a group of surrounding neighborhoods. In Europe, and especially in America, they like to make such a center from an old building that has been preserved in the area. It is being restored, not a typical, but some special landscaping is being done around, equipped inside cultural space: exhibition halls, halls for conducting classes. The same can be done here: let people break away, give this task to young designers and architects, they will make the cultural center of the quarter or district so that the neighbors will envy.

Return to pre-revolutionary practice

In the houses of the new series, a high ceiling height is declared in the premises, from 2.7 to 3 meters. The first five-story buildings had a ceiling height of 2.45 meters. It turns out that in 60 years we have "grown" by 25-55 centimeters, and this is good. Thus, we are returning to the pre-revolutionary practice of designing residential buildings.

Engineering equipment and support varies: if you want a smart home, please, but it will cost more. If you want, you can drill wells, and the heat of the soil, which is converted into electricity, will provide it with the whole house, and you will also sell it. All this can be done, but then the construction will cost a pretty penny. I think that in areas of mass housing development, where residents cannot afford too much, there will be no demand for such unique engineering equipment for buildings.

Planning variations - yes, they will be in demand. Houses of modern series are all frame-panel: first, a frame is erected, which further allows you to make the layout of apartments quite free. Only communications, apartment boundaries, elevators and stairwells remain in the same place. At the same time, you can combine neighboring apartments, if necessary.

German examples

Based on the experience of building in Berlin, I can say that even kitchen equipment is installed there: an oven, a stove, a refrigerator, cabinets. Something is mounted at the expense of the builder, and something, if it is improved equipment, at the expense of the buyer. There, the variability reaches heights that are not entirely clear to us, but it is customary for them, they overtook us. And we will have it. Why do I look so calmly at the development of standard housing construction? Because we have examples, and since the economy is a market one, we will inevitably approach them.

There must be a standard of living, a level of comfort in the environment. My apartment is my world, I will arrange it myself. But what is outside, I can’t do it myself, it all must be included in the project and implemented by, let’s say, external forces: the community of residents, builders, the prefecture at the expense of the city.

When we have a civil society, we will also come to such solutions that exist today in the West: when residents form communities that win their rights in order to improve the standard of living in their territory. And the authorities will listen to this.

perspective

If we talk about the short term, then first of all we should expect that the houses built will correspond to those wonderful pictures that architects present when they defend their projects.

In the 1950s, when house-building factories were launched, the prospect of mass construction of affordable housing appeared. Out of habit, we scold this approach, but then the volume of construction increased many times over, for example, in Moscow - 20 times! And this made it possible to solve the corresponding production, social problems. Now there is no need to significantly increase the volume of construction, it must be maintained at the same level, and no one wants to bring down the market. But nevertheless, if what we see in the design pictures begins to be implemented in nature, we can say that we have reached the level of the developed countries of Europe.

The frame of a building (structure) in the system of a structural frameless frame is a spatial structure, such as a "shelf" of prefabricated, prefabricated-monolithic or monolithic execution. Columns serve as racks of the frame, floor slabs serve as crossbars, ties or diaphragms are used for stiffening elements. Stairs, ventilation blocks, elevator shafts can be used as standard. Load bearing capacity ceilings allows the use of the frame in buildings with load intensity per floor up to 1300 kg / m2 (modification "KUB-2.5K" up to 2500 kg / m2).

At the heart of the constructive SYSTEM "CUBE 2.5" there is an original junction of two main elements - panels and columns using a mortgage - a steel shell of a special design connected to reinforcing cages located in the body of the panel. Concrete in this node works under conditions of all-round compression, as a result of which its self-hardening occurs. This made it possible to avoid bathtub welding at the junction of columns; only assembly seams are present in the node.

The division of the floor is designed in such a way that the panel joints are located in areas where the value of bending moments is equal to zero. The joints of the elements that make up the frameless frame as a whole are monolithic, forming a frame structural system, the crossbars of which are the ceilings.

An important advantage of the system is the possibility of using concrete of higher classes (up to B60) in columns, which affects the results of reinforcement and the preservation of typical cross sections columns 400*400. Columns manufactured at the construction site (in monolithic housing construction) can have a concrete class of up to B30, and this imposes appropriate restrictions on the design of the columns.

The load on the base of a building built using the frame of the "CUBE-2.5" SYSTEM is 25% less than from a similar one in a monolithic design. The self-weight of the frame is minimal due to the achieved optimization of all sections. Regardless of the soil conditions, the volume of foundations required to distribute the forces on the foundation from the above-ground part of the buildings made in the KUB-2.5 structures will always be lower.

Crossbarless frame structures are designed for use in various regions of Russia, including areas with seismicity of 7-9 points.

The strength of the frame structures "KUB-2.5" is confirmed by technical calculations and numerous tests:

The designs of the KUB were reviewed by the NTS of the State Committee for Architecture under the Gosstroy of the USSR and by letter No. IP-7-3691 dated 19.09.1986 and recommended for use;
TsNIISK named after Kucherenko of the State Construction Committee of the USSR;
Laboratory of dynamic tests of TsNIIEP dwellings under the direction of Ashkinadze G.N. (successfully passed dynamic tests).
Today, more than a thousand objects built using a beamless frame in Russia and abroad are successfully operated.

Large windows allow you to fully enjoy the panorama of the opening landscape. They will flood the living room with sunlight, make the room cozy and airy. Decorate the facade, make the cottage elegant and sophisticated.

Advantages of panoramic windows:

Gorgeous view;
Stylish interior and exterior;
Visual increase in area;
More light and air;
Improving the indoor climate;

Remember that panoramic windows will complicate the work of caring for glass. Therefore, for cleaning it is better to contact specialists. In addition, such structures reduce thermal insulation. However, proper planning will eliminate this problem.

Planning and installation of panoramic windows in a wooden house

Shrinkage wooden house is about a year. During this period, it is not recommended to install windows;
Observe the measure at the location of the windows. Then you keep a sense of personal space. Agree that you don't want to live inside a shop window;
Place panoramic glazing in the hall, dining room or living room. It also looks great on the terrace or veranda. At the same time, a glazed terrace with access to the kitchen will become a rational solution;
Place windows on the south or southwest side - the room will retain heat and natural light longer;
Carefully choose the frame and fasteners, because a large area of the glazed surface will give a strong load and make the structure heavier;
The height of the panoramic window is possible from floor to ceiling. And the width is recommended to be no more than 4 meters;
A single glass without breaks will complicate the ventilation of the room and washing from the outside. Therefore, it is still worth installing partitions.

How to choose glass for panoramic windows

Panoramic structures require the installation of special types of double-glazed windows. Choose strained glass, which will provide the necessary internal stress and increase strength by 5 times. Laminated glazing, which consists of several layers, will perfectly retain heat in the room.

Reflective glass is suitable for the sunny side of the house or for the roof ( winter Garden or attic). To save money on bills utilities use energy-saving double-glazed windows that will reduce heat loss.

MARISRUB projects

Do not think that large window structures are installed only in a large cottage. MariSrub will offer projects compact houses with panoramic windows.

We carry out a full range of services in the field of wooden housing construction, from the manufacture of lumber to the assembly of a log house on the site and fine finishing. After shrinking the house, the firm's craftsmen will install window structures. They will calculate and securely fix the frame, pick up a light and bulky frame.

The company architect will design individual project taking into account the wishes of the client in terms of the functionality of the house, layout and appearance. When ordering construction, designing is free!