Drawing of a room with furniture in pencil. How to draw the interior of a room (17 photos)

Do we draw a house plan by hand or draw a plan on a computer? What will you choose today? I advise you to try to choose both options, but entrust the final work to modern technologies.

Today there are a huge number of scheduler programs. Paid and free, professional and non-professional, simple and confusing. It's easy to get confused, and you can spend a lot of time studying.

To draw a plan for a dream home, you need to choose the best one for a specific task. Therefore, I made a review of the programs that, in my opinion, are the most famous and accessible for both professionals and those who first faced the task of drawing a house plan for repair.

1.ARCHICAD

Svetlana Neustroeva

A specialized program created by Graphisoft. It is intended not only for professional architects and designers, but also for inexperienced users - people involved in redevelopment of an apartment, building a house and landscaping.

Of the big pluses - it is considered convenient and simple. Works in 2D and 3D. It should be taken into account that it is unrealistic to master in 1 day, but in a week you will accurately draw the plan of the apartment, and you will be able to virtually walk around it.

The program is licensed. Medium difficulty level.

2. AUTOCAD

The program in which all professional drawings of the studio are performed.

This is a program for very wide use. It is applicable not only for architecture and design, but for the design of everything that needs to be thought out, outlined and brought to life.

Designed specifically for the daily needs of architects AutoCAD architecture. The motto of the authors: drawings are no longer a routine.

I can say that the program is not easy to learn and will require time and patience .

High level of difficulty.

3.SKETCHUP

“Model whatever you want. Refresh the interior of your living room. Think of new furniture. Create a model of your city for Google Earth. There is no limit to the possibilities of using SketchUp.” is the slogan of the program.

One of the most promising programs to date. Times have changed, and today Sketchup is no longer so easy to learn, but still intuitive. The unlimited possibilities of the program make it an indispensable assistant among architects, designers and decorators.

My favorite and main program.

There is no complete textbook in Russian. There are great tutorials available on youtube.

There is an online version, no download. There is a paid Pro version for full-fledged work. The description of the benefits will take more than one page. So try. In the video cartoon you can see the features of the program. Such video walks around the future home will help you better understand what exactly you want and what you are striving for when creating the interior.

In the paid PRO version, you will be given the opportunity to make beautiful drawings and work actively with plans and sections.

4. SWEET HOME 3D

Free interior design app. It is aimed at people who need to quickly, for themselves, make preparations for repairs.

The program is very easy to learn and use. There is a large set of furniture and decor. Each bedside table (carpet, painting, etc.) can be given a height-width-depth, as well as a color and texture.

The only thing I don't like is that there is no way to build an accurate 2D plan with furniture arrangement. Indicative only.

Low level of difficulty.

5. ARCON Small Business.

A simplified version of the ArCon program. There are no functions necessary for professional design, the program is most suitable for private use for designing your own country house, or development of the design of the facade of the house, for redevelopment of the house or a separate room.

The program creates an object in two-dimensional space and makes it possible to "walk" in the future "dream house".

Medium difficulty level.

6. ADOBE family of products.

Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator (AI) are professional programs, but may also be of interest to amateurs.

PHOTOSHOP is the most famous program. Despite the fact that it was originally developed as an editor for various images, it is now widely used in various fields.

ILLUSTRATOR - conceived as a vector graphics editor, are used today for a variety of purposes.

These programs cannot be called super complex, but each will take time to study.

If they are already on the computer and you know how to use them on good level, then consider that Photoshop and AI will replace paper, a ruler and a pencil.

All actions for drawing a plan are the same as drawing by hand. Only instead of paper - the screen. And instead of a pencil, a mouse.

Watch a video on how to draw a room plan in Photoshop.

Medium and high levels difficulties

7. COREL- a program for working in vector graphics. Very similar to AI. With love for her and work skills, it also replaces paper and pencil.
Medium and high difficulty levels.

Who is the program for? The authors of the project say:
“Roomtodo is a development designed for newcomers and those planning to renovate their premises. If desired, the resulting design can be published on Facebook or embedded in your website (like a YouTube video).

I advise all beginners and completely inexperienced in computers from the bottom of my heart.

9. KITCHENDRAW I advise beginners!

The program is designed specifically for designing kitchens and bathrooms. Simple and clear interface. Today there are already many introductory and educational lessons in Russian. Despite the restrictions on use declared by the manufacturer, the program makes it easy to create a plan not only for the kitchen, but for the entire apartment.

Today there are many libraries of finished furniture for use in Kitchendraw. You can even learn how to model interior items yourself and assign beautiful textures.

A few years ago, I actively used it to quickly submit ideas.

It is very convenient because you can work in two formats - 2d and 3D.
The plan contains all the necessary dimensions. And they are accurate, unlike other planners. An invaluable plus is the very fast processing of the file in the “photorealism” mode.

Low, medium and high difficulty levels.

10. IKEA PLANNER

from the Ikea website

“Make your dream kitchen come true” is the title of the program on the official website.

A very simple program that does not require downloading to your computer. You need the Internet and carefully read the instructions for use. (You can also download the offline version of the program on the official Ikea website).

The interface is clear, not overloaded with information. The program is focused on IKEA products, but it will be useful even if you are not going to purchase this furniture - you can evaluate the room in volume and with furniture.

Useful for those who are initially aimed at purchasing products from IKEA:
you can not only plan the interior, but also immediately calculate its cost.
It is inconvenient in that there is no way to build a 2-dimensional plan. Low level of difficulty.

11. ICOVIA ROOM PLANNER

Another very favorite resource of mine. Simple. The program is used by many sellers of furniture and interior items abroad. It works online. All you need is internet and registration. Large database of furniture models. Convenient interface. You can save your plans. There are black and white and color modes.

Works with metric and American measurement systems.

12. FLOORPLAN 3D

A simple and convenient computer program for apartment redevelopment, house design, office reconstruction. For all its simplicity and convenience, the program has many features of professional applications.

The program is easy to learn. It comes with a pretty good tutorial. The library of models is uncomplicated, but it is quite enough for planning.

Low and medium difficulty levels.

We continue the review of programs:

New technologies are rapidly breaking into our lives and we have become owners of tablets.
You can read the reviews in the applestore, their cost is low, there are also free ones.

I gave you a small list of cool programs. Choose the one that is most convenient, understandable and useful in this moment to solve a specific problem.

And the task is simple and difficult at the same time: draw a plan of your house or apartment. No one limits you to use several programs at once. It can even be very successful for some to build a plan by hand, and model it in 3D in another program, for example, in Sketchup.

When we talk specifically about the arrangement of furniture, I will return to the planners and consider some of them in more detail.

And also: important knowledge for creating plans for your dream home:

dream home - how to do it right.
– what is it and how does it work.

Thank you for your attention! Stay with me and be sure to share with your friends the ideas of the blog “On the Wave of Decor” and wait for new interesting articles! AND….

GOOD LUCK WITH YOUR REPAIR!

The blog “On the Wave of Decor” is a non-commercial project and is created only by the author. If you appreciated the article and you liked it, I would be grateful for a little financial support. Thank you!

Drawing up an apartment layout plan is an integral part of the work on the design project of a residential building. Before starting to make repairs, it is imperative to draw up this plan in order to know where sockets, switches will be located, where furniture and household appliances will subsequently be placed. This step is especially important when buying an apartment in a newly built house. The scheme of the apartment (no matter how many rooms it has) allows the owners to clearly plan the required amount of building materials such as wires, pipes to the bathroom, sockets, and so on. Read more about layout options below.

What is a schema

The plan, or scheme of the apartment, is one of the most important documents drawn up by the owner or contractor. It may represent:

• transfer of electrical wiring to a horizontal surface (that is, to paper);
• projection of the arrangement of furniture on the territory of the apartment.

In both cases, it turns out, as it were, a top view of the entire room. Thanks to this plan, it is possible to determine a place, for example, for desk(taking into account that the sunlight falls from the left side or in front, for left-handers - from the right). The preparation of this document must correspond to the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe apartment, therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the scale. It is recommended to adhere to the ratio of 1:20. This scale is suitable for almost any apartment.

When drawing household items (furniture, appliances), you need to without fail consider their actual size. This data must also be transferred to the document with a scale of 1:20. For a sample, you can look at the apartment layout plans. Sometimes, if ideas do not come to mind on how to arrange wiring and furniture, it is better to use ready-made or contact the contractor (designer). It plays into the hands of the owner, who decided to independently draw up a layout plan, that you can easily find a similar or even identical layout of the living space and simply use the ready-made solution.

Carrying out the necessary measurements

Before planning where to put household items, you need to make appropriate measurements. To do this, you can use a rangefinder. This device will measure the exact distance (for example, from one wall to another). This option will save you a lot of time and effort.

There is only one clarification. Let's say it's not difficult to measure a room in this way, but what about utility rooms and storerooms or rooms with a lot of corners and vertical pipes? Here the usual roulette wheel will come to the rescue. It will also work well for measuring wall thickness and the width of door or window openings.

All data, in order to avoid their loss, should be immediately transferred to paper, on which the scheme of the apartment with all the specifications will then be built. Although you can use the appropriate computer programs to build

schemes online

Technologies are stepping forward, and a person can already draw up the drawings he needs through various programs. You don't even have to download this software - just follow the link, enter the necessary data, and then the program will arrange everything by itself.

Today there are an impressive number of online planners. MyFloorplanner is one of them. With its help, even the most ignorant person will cope with the necessary task. Standard library kits have the right tools to quickly draw walls and surfaces. You can even add lighting there. Household items can also be arranged very quickly and see how it all will look. The help of such a program will greatly facilitate the life of any person who purchases a new home and is thinking about drawing up a layout plan.

If you wish, by the way, before drawing up your plan, you can look for other people's apartment schemes, photos of rooms or drawings. Several schemes are presented in this article. Ready Plans will help you orient yourself in thinking about the arrangement of furniture and household appliances.

Programs for drawing diagrams offline

Instead of using an online service, you can simply buy an installation disc with programs like CorelDraw or Adobe Illustrator. Their help is also invaluable. Of course, many people have little difficulty in working with these programs, but over time, you can learn how to build circuits in them.

In the case when the user is fluent in the computer, he can use a very good engineering program AutoCAD. This professional software is indispensable for an advanced user. This program is recognized as the best in its field.

A simpler option can be software from the MSOffice package (the name of the program is MSVisio). Even for the average user, this tool will be ideal. The simplicity of building a plan conquers any person.

The plan for conducting electricity in the apartment

Power supply is carried out to the living quarters in the first place, before finishing and, moreover, the delivery of furniture. Drawing up a wiring plan comes in two versions - typical and individual.

The first option is as follows: the organization providing this type of service draws up a wiring plan on its own, and the customer then adapts to their solution. This is a more inexpensive way, so it is still in demand by quite an impressive number of people. An individual option will cost the owner of the premises more. Where to place switches and sockets, he can decide for himself, and then provide his solution to the organization.

AT panel houses usually enclosed within the framework of the building. It is in this fundamental difference from brick house, in which electrical panels are installed on the walls themselves.

Wiring diagram: what to do with it?

This type of plan is used directly to represent the location electrical networks by residential area. The wiring diagram of the apartment acts simply as a drawing of the necessary installations. She is listed mandatory documentation, as well as the definition of a plan with the placement of furniture and household appliances. It is according to this plan that communications (that is, electricity) will be carried out, and the sockets and switches themselves will be installed directly.

Before creating a wiring diagram, you need to refer to its predecessor - circuit diagram. It, in turn, shows how electrical networks will operate, that is, the logic of the devices. The existence of one type of schema without the other is impossible. This must be taken into account when developing a power grid plan.

Plan-scheme: what is it?

In fact, the plan-scheme of the apartment is a combination of the plan for arranging household items. In addition, changes can be made to the partitions here, or, conversely, to remove part or all of the entire wall. In other words, this is a ready-made document for the start of all construction and finishing work in a residential area.

Only when the plan has already completed all the changes and rearrangements, the document is a direct indication to action. If the preparations are still in progress, it is not recommended to proceed with the repair.

Scheme of an apartment with one room

When developing an apartment, the need for zoning of living space should be taken into account. It is very problematic, having only one room, to plan a bed, a reception area, and so on. In this case, partitions can be useful. If the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room allows, it will be enough to partially block the space. Another option is to simply highlight the relevant areas with decoration: various wallpapers, flooring, decor items.

Space saving plays a huge role when drawing up a diagram one-room apartment. Especially this problem worries the residents of the Russian Federation and the CIS. On the territory of the former Soviet republics, housing with the following layout prevails: a tiny kitchen and an irregularly shaped room - usually narrow and long with a single small window. The correct arrangement of furniture can slightly correct this situation, you just need to approach the solution of the problem wisely.

The scheme of a one-room apartment should be aimed at visually increasing the free space and functionality. When drawing up such a plan, one should not forget about the necessary compactness of all decorative elements. If it is possible to use bunk furniture, then this will help save space significantly.

You can turn your attention to the free layout, that is, turn the delimited rooms into a studio (the bathroom, of course, remains separate). This method has a huge number of advantages, which include free space and a feeling of spaciousness. But there are also disadvantages, they are especially clearly visible during cooking. If trouble happened in the kitchen and the food burned, you can’t escape from the smell.

Two-room apartment: scheme

It often happens that even in an apartment with two rooms there is nowhere to turn around. Before changing the layout (for example, breaking walls or demolishing unnecessary ledges), you must coordinate your desires with the BTI. After the issuance of permission, you can begin to realize your dream.

Scheme two-room apartment may be adjacent or separate. The first option is access to one of the rooms exclusively from another room. This layout is already moving away from the number of building solutions due to its irrationality. Separate layout is recognized as more convenient.

The main criterion for functional housing is a large kitchen area. In addition, the presence of utility rooms (dressing room, pantry) can also significantly affect the success of the layout.

Three-room apartment and its layout

Even the smallest apartment with three rooms can successfully replace an impressive two-room apartment. The only problem is that old-style living quarters in Russian Federation have a very small kitchen. For this reason, it is recommended to combine one of the rooms with the dining room. The scheme of a 3-room apartment in this case will undergo very useful changes.

On the territory of such a living space, you can implement almost any design solutions. Most often in such apartments there is a pantry, which cannot but rejoice.

If the owner's family consists of two people, then you can equip the rooms as follows: make a bedroom in one, a living room in the other, and an office in the third. If there are children, then the plan remains the same with one exception: a children's room is made instead of an office. In large rooms, you can give room for imagination.

Finally

Modern new buildings have stepped far ahead in the planning of buildings in general and apartments in particular. But sometimes you still have to make changes to the floor plan. Only in this case you need to know which of the walls are load-bearing, otherwise you can simply destroy the building.

The scheme of the apartment should still be created, if not by the owner himself, then with his direct participation. After all, he was the one to live there. And the arrangement of furniture and household appliances depends on the location of the same electrical networks. Therefore, owners are advised not to let everything take its course, but to regularly take an interest in what the workers plan to do, and control the processes of communications and finishing.

When we are independently engaged in the choice of design for the children's room and its arrangement, sometimes there is not enough visual representation of how it will all look like. It’s good when the design goes exactly like on designer photos, but if you need to combine some interior details?

In this case, the drawings of the children's room will come to the rescue. Graphic sketches can contain not only a schematic representation of the interior, they can also reflect its compliance with real parameters.

To get started, measure:

• ceiling height;
• the length and width of the room;
• window opening parameters;
• the distance from the window to the floor and ceiling;
• the length of the wall from and to the window;
• the length of the wall from and to the door;
• door settings.

Next, you can begin to outline the lines of the walls, floor, drawing the window and door. Drawings are best done in pencil, so it's faster and easier to correct inaccuracies. The image can be in the form of a schematic plan - this will help to correctly zoning the space, determine the place of each piece of furniture, provide for the location of a sports corner or a gaming complex.

The sketch is done in pencil with keeping the proportions "by eye". But the drawing can also be done taking into account scaling, using the real perimeter of the room, the real dimensions of furniture and decorative elements. All these actions will allow you to properly equip the territory for children, organize, relax, allocate space for games.

More detailed thinking of the interior and its display on paper will help to avoid mistakes in the real embodiment of your ideas and wishes of the child.

For example, we present the drawings of the children's room, made in pencil. Among them are sketches for boys and girls of younger age, for teenagers, among them there are examples of rooms for two children. Finished project you can give the child and find out, in this way, in what colors he sees his bedroom.

With ready-made sketches, you can also contact consultants when buying furniture or professional designers. Visual representation will help them better understand your wishes and offer the best and most suitable options for you.

photo: depositphotos.com/MrTwister-1 photo, further - irogova

on a topic for grade 5

Performed:

Akulyonok G.A.

art teacher

highest qualification category

Checked:

Momtselidze L.A.

Head of ShMO

fine art teachers

Moscow region, Lobnya

Developing a Fine Arts Lesson

on the topic "Drawing the Interior of a Room" for grade 5

Perspective is a science that helps to correctly depict objects in space as we see them in nature.

Rules, laws of perspective or patterns of perspective changes in objects, their forms:

As we move away from our eyes, the size of objects decreases.

Parallel horizontal lines, moving away, not only approach each other, but at eye level converge to one point - the vanishing point.

Everything that in nature has a vertical direction and in the figure looks vertical.)

The interior is an image of the interior of various buildings: classrooms, living rooms, corridors, etc.

The interior is the organization of the interior space.

Drawing the interior of the room in frontal perspective.

How to draw an interior in frontal perspective?

Where should you start drawing? - (from the location of the front wall on a sheet of paper)

What options for the location of the front wall in the figure can be? - (left, center, right)

What line did we use and the point on this line to build the picture? - (horizon line and vanishing point)

Do we need this horizon line and vanishing point when drawing the interior of a room? - Yes.

Let's look at the schemes for constructing the interior "Perspective construction of the interior in the frontal position."

The type of interior perspective also depends on the change in the place of the vanishing point of the lines or the point of view. The side wall on which the painter is closer will always be in greater contraction than the opposite.

The painter must determine the vanishing point of parallel lines, which always lies on the horizon line and depends on the location of the painter.

If the left and right walls are equally distant from us, then the main vanishing point will be located in the middle of the front wall. If we move left or right, the vanishing point will move accordingly.

We need to outline in the drawing the side walls of the room, the floor, the ceiling.

Knowing that all parallel horizontal lines moving away from the viewer approach each other and, as they continue, converge at one vanishing point on the horizon line, one can outline the side walls. Those lines that are located above eye level (ceiling line) appear to be descending, those below eye level (floor line) appear to be rising.

Here we have outlined the location of the front wall, ceiling, side walls and floor. Next, to draw the interior of the room, what needs to be done? - (draw objects - furniture in space)

Using the method of linear-constructive drawing, the painter depicts all objects as if transparent and thus has the ability to accurately determine the position of each object in space.

A drawing of a table by a window or a drawing of a sofa by the wall begins with the image of the edge of the side wall of the object, located in the frontal perspective.

Then the lower horizontal plane of the object is outlined. The construction of the drawing begins, as it were, from the bottom up.

A linear-constructive drawing of each object in the interior of the room is carried out.

Guys, here we have completed a linear, contour drawing of the interior of the room in a frontal perspective, and then what do we need to do to complete the drawing? - (Run the volume of each item, and in general - the room.)

Volumetric tonal drawing.

Use different shading to convey the volume, shape of the depicted objects by means of chiaroscuro.

Creative practical work

Task: Draw the interior of a room from a frontal perspective, or compose the interior of a room.

Each student must compose the interior of the room in the frontal

perspective.

Task execution sequence:

Linear, contour drawing.

Each student remembers composition - placing a picture on a piece of paper.

Composition is the structural construction of a work of art, the combination of all its components into a single whole (composition, compilation, arrangement).

The student's choice of the location of the front wall (to the left, straight or right) on a piece of paper.

Mark the horizon line and the vanishing point on it.

Outline the location of the ceiling, side walls, floor.

Outline the position of each object in space using the method of linear-constructive drawing.

2. Volumetric - tonal pattern.

Use different shading to convey the volume, shape of the depicted objects by means of chiaroscuro.

Pencil shading in various tones from light to black.

Students begin to work independently, doing it with a pencil.

Guys, while working in order to detect errors in the drawing, compare your method of action and its result with the tables “Constructing a drawing of a room”, reproductions of paintings by artists and schemes for constructing an interior that are in the lesson.

List of sources used:

Field setting: Interior. Natural side lighting from the window.

Target: building skills interior and transmission of chiaroscuro space of the room

This is a long drawing - a study, which is carried out in compliance with and using the appropriate ones.

Interior- the internal space of an architectural structure or the internal view of any room. How to draw interior? In a drawing lesson interior the goal is to further improve the knowledge and skills of drawing, develop volumetric-spatial thinking, consolidate and deepen knowledge on the practical application of the laws of perspective and chiaroscuro, expand compositional concepts, develop a sense of proportion.

Corner interior with one skyline

Drawing interior based on the laws of the perspective image of simple geometric volumes, primarily a cube or parallelepiped, limiting a closed space. Interior with a rounded shape can be mistaken for a cylinder or a ball. The practical ability to depict geometric shapes in perspective will greatly help the correct image. interiors both from nature and from imagination.

Frontal interior with two horizon lines

The internal structure of the interior space has its own characteristic features. First of all, this is a closed space, which includes various spatial plans and sources of lighting that create a special light characteristic of this space, as well as objects of various colors and textures that make up the interior. All this once again confirms the specifics and features of the drawing. interior as an object of architecture. However, due to the presence various items, distracting perception, it is much more difficult to see the geometry of a closed space (the contours of the floor, ceiling, walls).

Definition of point of view, picture plane and vanishing point

In drawing interior of particular importance is the method of linear-constructive construction of the image and knowledge of the regularities of perspective. The linear-constructive image method and linear perspective make it possible to clearly follow the course of constructing the image of objects in a drawing. Drawing interior is essentially no different from drawing object forms, it also requires a certain amount of knowledge and skills needed in the art of drawing.

Interior drawing. First stage

When pictured interior from nature it is very important to choose the right point of view (horizon line). The correct compositional solution of the problem of the drawing as a whole depends on how well the point of view is chosen. Each interior can be considered from different points of view, but here it is important to choose the most beneficial and expressive for the drawing group of elements that make up interior. It can be part or all of the room, taken as a whole. The choice of the horizon line can vary considerably. It is either set by the teacher, or chosen by novice artists on their own, so that the gaze freely covers the object of interest. interior.

Interior drawing. Second phase

Before proceeding to the main drawing interior, you must first perform several sketch versions of the drawing from different points of view. They depict the main lines of the walls, floor, ceiling, window and doorways. Then, after checking and clarifying the perspective construction and the general proportions of the room, various large elements are outlined. interior in a generalized form. At the same time, sketches, drawing schemes and plans of the depicted premises are performed. At the same time, the point of view, the picture plane and the vanishing point are determined, which allows you to better understand the complex perspective construction of subject forms and their location in space. interior. Preliminary versions of the sketches, made from different points of view, will make it possible to choose the best compositional solutions for the main drawing.

Interior drawing. Third stage

Observing the sequence of complication of tasks, the first training tasks in drawing interior you should start with the corner ones with the inclusion in them, like a still life, no more than two or three large household items. Such objects are placed on the floor against the wall (or walls) in the corner to create an interior environment. This may also include such interior elements as a window, door, ledges on the wall, heating systems etc. As they learn, consistently complicating the task, they gradually move on to more complex drawings. interiors.

Interior drawing. Fourth stage

Producing the correct perspective construction of the image interior, it is very important to strictly observe the proportional relationship of the parts and the whole (walls, floor, ceiling with items included in the interior). The plans for the location of objects, the distances between them and their volumetric values ​​are specified.

Interior drawing. Fifth stage

In the perspective construction of the image of space interior, in some cases, two horizons can be used, and, consequently, two vanishing points. This is the case when it is necessary to show the front wall (panel, relief, mosaic, etc.) on a larger scale, meaningfully.

Kitchen interior sketch

Thus, choosing the most successful version of the composition sketch interior, start drawing. In this case, the paper format must be selected in accordance with the scale of the frame of the completed sketch of the composition. To begin with, outline the main lines of the walls, floor, ceiling.

Living room interior sketch

After checking and clarifying them, they outline windows, doorways, beams, structures, etc. Only after that they proceed to drawing the main large objects, without being distracted by details. Having built the main objects in the drawing interior, after checking them, you should proceed to refine the details and apply light chiaroscuro. Turning to the chiaroscuro elaboration of forms, they simultaneously reveal their spatial depth. This requires a comparison of the degree of elaboration of the foreground and distant plans, which contributes to the correct transmission of perspective reductions and aerial perspective. More clearly work out the details of the foreground. Details of the distant plan are worked out softer and somewhat generalized.

Sketch of the interior of the concert hall

When drawing interior various visual materials can be used, ranging from simple pencils, tinted and plain paper to charcoal, sauce, sanguine, ink, and many other materials.

The execution of this long task must be alternated with,.

Interior is the internal space of an architectural structure. Interior drawing aims to develop volumetric-spatial thinking, to enable students to acquire the skills of depicting the internal space varying degrees complexity, to consolidate and deepen knowledge on the practical application of the laws of observational perspective, to expand the compositional concept.

The entire internal structure of the interior is determined by human life. Components such as lighting, decor, color scheme, on the one hand, and interior equipment (furniture, its arrangement, etc.) - on the other, allow you to create a comfortable living environment for a person. All elements of the interior are subordinate and meet the functional needs of a person, his aesthetic and spiritual needs.

Interior- this is, first of all, a closed internal space, which includes various spatial plans and light sources that create one or another original light environment that characterizes the premises. The use of different colors, textures of materials and objects included in the interior creates certain difficulties in its image.

In the interior drawing of particular importance is the method of linear-constructive image construction and knowledge of the laws of observational perspective. The linear-constructive image method and linear perspective make it possible to clearly follow the progress of the construction of the image of objects in the drawing.

Based on the features of practical application interior drawing in the profession of an architect, it is more logical to divide acquaintance with this section into two stages. The first stage is drawing the interior from nature, the second - by imagination.

The image of the interior in pencil from nature

Drawing the interior from nature helps students to acquire the visual experience necessary for building the interior space of the premises, to identify the main characteristics of the volume and patterns of light and shade solutions for the picture.

No matter how complex the interior is in configuration, it can always be reduced to ordinary geometric volumes that have a square, rectangle, circle, hexagon, etc. in plan, so the ability to draw simple geometric shapes in perspective will greatly facilitate drawing interiors from life. The student by this time should know how to build angular and frontal perspectives. The main types of perspective were previously used when drawing various forms, but when drawing interiors, you have to make adjustments to the perspective construction in accordance with the visual perception of the depicted room.

First of all, the successful execution of an interior drawing from nature depends on right choice points of view, horizon lines and vanishing points of parallel lines. When drawing a room, the horizon lines will be located at the eye level of a person sitting or standing behind an easel. Depending on the location of the drawing, the perspective of his drawing will be angular or frontal.

When drawing a linear drawing of the interior of a room, special attention should be paid to the quality of the graphic construction of the work. The lines in the foreground should be much brighter than the lines in the background. This will allow at the initial stage of the drawing to show the depth and space of the room and will facilitate the work on the light and shade solution of the interior.

Image of the interior in pencil by imagination

In practice, the architect often encounters a situation where it becomes necessary to quickly depict the interior being designed in perspective in order to help the customer imagine the space of the room, the arrangement of furniture and the overall style of the interior.

To characterize an interior drawn from imagination, the question of choosing a horizon line is important, which in some degree reveals the purpose of the interior space. For example, when drawing a kindergarten room, it is better to take it at the level of the child's eyes, when drawing a small living room - at the eye level of a seated person. If we are talking about large rooms, such as a gym, a swimming pool, a production workshop, etc., the horizon line should be taken higher, this will emphasize the large volume of the room, as it will reveal the floor plane. The choice of the horizon line when drawing an interior according to the imagination depends on the tasks that the architect sets for himself, in accordance with the need to show one or another advantage of the designed premises.

Sometimes, when depicting a large volume and many complex interior details, several picture planes, vanishing points and horizon lines are selected to reduce distortion.

Perspective drawings with multiple vanishing points are called wide-angle, and the angle of view in them can reach up to 90-100 degrees. In these cases, multiple horizon lines are used.

Working on an interior drawing by imagination begins with working with room plans. Within this study guide we will consider the construction of drawings of the interiors of small living quarters. The primary task is to choose the angle at which it is most advantageous to show the interior and the details included in it. To do this, perform preliminary sketches that help determine the composition of the picture and the proportional relationship of the whole (walls, floor, ceiling) and details (furniture, etc.).

After that, on the floor plan, notes are made of the points of view of the picture plane, vanishing points. Such a scheme will help to understand and understand the construction of not only a simple, but also a complex perspective. In order to avoid mistakes when constructing furniture included in the interior, it is advisable to draw a plan for arranging furniture in perspective (decompose the plan in perspective), which will allow you to correctly determine the location of the furniture. After that, the height is restored and the details of the objects included in the interior are worked out.

If the student sets himself the task of showing the general view of the room with the furniture located in it, it is logical to use the frontal perspective. It is necessary to correctly determine the point of view, the angle of view, the horizon line and the picture plane, taking into account the most favorable angle when drawing the room.

If there is a need to show the corner of the room, it is better to use an angular perspective. To avoid distortion of the image, you should take a wider angle of view: the farther from each other the vanishing points of parallel lines are located, the more natural the image of the interior will be.

An interior drawing that includes a staircase is extremely useful for developing spatial imagination. Staircase is one of the most difficult details for a draftsman. To draw according to the imagination of an internal space with a staircase, the student will need knowledge not only of typology, but also of structures and standard sizes stairs. To facilitate the construction of a staircase drawing, one should start with its plan in the interior perspective, then, by analogy with the drawing of simpler objects, restore the height and saturate the drawing with details.

The acquired skills will allow the student to independently depict the designed interiors that correspond to a certain style and interests of the intended customer.

When drawing interiors, as well as architectural structures in general, all kinds of materials are used: plain and colored paper, pencils of various softness, charcoal, acid, pen, watercolor, ink, gouache, etc.

training drawing

How to draw a room

If you set out to learn how to draw, then everything is quite real. Almost everyone can draw. It’s just that someone in this area has some achievements, while someone has completely different ones. Let's take a look at how to draw a room with furniture in this article.

Consideration should be given to the fact that distant objects will appear smaller than they actually are. And, accordingly, those that are closer - more. Using the ruler, draw perspective lines that will come out of one point and pass through all objects. They will help us in creating the room.

How to draw a room with a pencil

• First of all, you need to draw a horizontal line to indicate the horizontal plane. Mark a "vanishing point" on the line. Draw a little beyond the corners, three lines that will converge at this point.
• Draw the fourth line. She must come to the point. Position the rectangle so that all four of its corners are on lines converging at a point. This rectangle will be the wall of the room. You can draw a window on it.
• Just below the ceiling, on the left wall, draw a straight line, which should also lead to the outgoing point. Between the floor line and the new line, draw two vertical lines that will become the door. Draw a rectangle on the right side. The lower right corner of this rectangle should rest against the wall. Then draw two lines that should extend from the corners of the rectangle. One on the wall and one on the floor. Don't forget that they must cross the "vanishing point". Between the two lines, draw one horizontal line. On the right side, you should end up with a box.
• Under the window, in the middle of the sheet, place a rectangle. From the center point, directly to the table, there should be two lines, and under them a quadrilateral.
• Using the same lines, draw a chair and a table, and draw an oval on the ceiling.
• Draw small details. Don't forget the window and chandelier on the ceiling.
• Erase all extra lines with an eraser. Then draw in the room the items that you think are missing. For example, a toy or a flower pot.
• Can be taken for coloring.

Now you know how to draw a room. Using this method, you can paint your room or the room of your dreams.

If you are going to buy modern furniture, furnish an old house, or move into a new one, first draw up plans for all rooms to avoid labor and expense: mistakes can be costly.

A scale drawing is a drawing with the dimensions of a room marked on it. If you are moving to new house, you will need drawings of all rooms in order to select and the best way arrange furniture, and also determine whether narrow doorways or low ceilings when moving. If you want to update the furniture or completely change the furniture, first estimate everything on the plan. When buying wallpaper and paint, set the exact amount of materials, again guided by the drawing.

The plan provides valuable information to workers. The movers will know exactly where to put the furniture. Plumbers, electricians and builders will be able to familiarize themselves with the rooms before starting work and understand what is required of them.

The main types of plans useful for this purpose are the floor plan (horizontal) and the wall plan (vertical). The first is a view of the room from above, it indicates the length and width. It makes it possible to accurately calculate the floor area and outline the arrangement of furniture.

The wall plan indicates the height of the room and the presence of features such as doors, windows, and alcoves. These plans reflect all the walls of the room. They are used to determine the amount of paint and wallpaper, as well as when arranging furniture.

A perspective plan gives a three-dimensional view of the room. Such a drawing is useful for precise planning, for example, if you want to purchase a set of kitchen furniture of the right size and design. However, a perspective drawing is difficult to make for a non-professional, and it is best to leave it to a specialist or a computer to draw it up. Draw all plans neatly and save for the future: you will be surprised at how often you have to refer to them.

Room plan (top view)

Start with a rough sketch of the room to plot your measurements on. At this stage, the plan does not have to be neat. Mark out the positions of doors, windows, radiators, electrical outlets, light switches, fireplaces, alcoves, and other permanent fixtures. It is important to mark with an arc where the doors open, as well as which frames on the windows are hinged, lifting or rotating. The arrangement of furniture depends on this.

If you need to place furniture in a limited area, first accurately determine the dimensions of all items and put them on the plan.

Taking measurements

It is better to work together: one holds a tape measure, the other stretches it along the wall. This makes it easier to take readings.

Start in the corner of the room and run the tape measure across the floor parallel to the wall you want to measure. Draw the dimensions on the plan.

If the room has a fireplace or other object protruding from the wall, take 4 separate measurements from it:

• the total length of the wall (in front of the protruding part);
• the width of the part itself;
• distance from one step from the side (or from the corner) to the part;
• distance from another wall on the side (or corner).

Add up the last 3 digits and make sure the total matches the total. Then measure the distance from the wall to the front of the piece on each side and mark on the plan how far the item protrudes into the room.

Also measure the width of doors, doorframes, windows and window frames. Open the door and measure the distance it enters the room. Mark it on the plan with an arc connecting the door jamb to the edge of the fully open door.

final drawings

Having successfully completed all measurements, transfer them to graph paper (graph paper). Choose paper that is easy to work with. Graph paper is paper cut into large and small squares. On the standard sheets with 2-, 10-, and 20-mm squares, each side of the smallest squares is 2 mm; 5 such squares vertically and 5 horizontally form 10 mm squares, and 4 such squares make up one 20 mm square. Using them, you can draw any figure. In the drawings presented here, 5 small squares are equal to 20 cm (scale 1:20). If you need to reflect a large area in the drawing, use a scale of 1:50. where one small square is 10 cm. Take lined 5 mm squared paper and draw drawings on it at a scale of 1:10 or 1:25 (for large areas). Always mark drawings to scale.

Theoretically, there are many options for arranging the same items in a room - a sofa, tables, chairs and cabinets, but some turn out to be more practical than others. Paper-cut models of furniture superimposed on floor plans to help you choose suitable option and arrange all the items to your taste.

Templates

By making simple templates that imitate furniture, you can create different variants furnishing the room without resorting to moving heavy cabinets and sofas. Measure the length and width of each object and draw their outlines on paper using the same scale as on the plan. On the front side of cabinets or chests of drawers, mark lines indicating the space needed to open doors and drawers. Then mark the drawings with labels or paint them in different colors and cut them out of paper or cardboard.

Templates can be as in these figures, with structural details. But most often we need simple outlines of objects. For example, instead of a closet or sofa, draw to scale and cut out rectangles from paper.

Overlay templates on a room plan, try out different options for arranging furniture. First place the largest items, and then all the rest. So you can choose what you like the most.

Do not forget about engineering communications

If possible, mark the location of electrical outlets, switches, radiators, gas, water and sewer pipes.

If they interfere with the arrangement of furniture, they will have to be moved to another place. Of course, electrical outlets are easier to move than sewer pipes but beauty requires sacrifice.

Wall plan (side view)

The wall plan is useful when installing fixed or modular furniture or when changing wallpaper. In order to draw such a plan, measure the length and height of the walls, apply the dimensions to the rough sketch. Then measure the height and width of doors, windows, picture and dados, skirting boards. After that, draw the final plan of the wall in the appropriate scale (side view).

Remember that walls rarely have the same length and width or strictly right angles. If the differences are not very large, and the furniture is not strictly limited in size, like walls and modules, this difference can be neglected. However, if your room is designed for a set of certain sizes of furniture or built-in furniture, it is very important to take accurate measurements.

A wall plan is needed to install shelves and racks and place video and audio equipment near electrical outlets.

Measure the length of walls or alcoves in at least 3 places from corner to corner, and the height of the wall in several places from floor to ceiling. Professional furniture makers do not always trust your data and measure the walls themselves. However, if you are going to manufacture built-in furniture on your own, carefully measure the steppes: not all of them have perfect shape and in some cases allowances will be required.

To determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200ba wall when pasting wallpaper, multiply its length and height. If you need to know total area walls in the room, calculate the area of ​​each wall and add up the results. The ceiling plan is made in the same way as the floor plan: multiply the length and width of the room. If the room is L-shaped, it is divided into 2 rectangular parts, their area is determined separately and the results are added up. The same method is used to measure the area of ​​​​a niche or bay window.

One of the first things you should do when thinking about your future interior is to correctly draw a floor plan. Do not treat this stage negligently, because on its basis you can calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, which means that you can make a preliminary estimate, divide the space into functional areas and choose the dimensions of the furniture.

The easiest option is to use the BTI plan, it is usually issued with title documents for an apartment. If you have it, then you just need to check all the dimensions with reality, photocopy and proceed to further interior design. If you did not find it or there are significant errors on it, then we will make a measurement plan ourselves. A measurement plan is a drawing that accurately repeats all the dimensions of the room.

Instructions on how to draw a floor plan

The best option is, of course, to draw a floor plan on a computer using. For these purposes, and indeed for any drawings, I use ArchiCAD. It will look exactly like the picture.

If you are too lazy to deal with programs, then everything will have to be done the old fashioned way. This will require graph paper or A3 sheet, ruler, pencil and tape measure.

First you need to measure the room and draw up a schematic plan by hand, and only then redraw it to scale. It is better to take 1:50, which means that 1 cm on your drawing will equal 50 cm of your room.

So, we take a roulette wheel and forward. Measurement should be started from the door, moving in one direction. In order not to miss anything, describe in advance what you need to measure, or use my list:

• general dimensions premises (width, length);
• dimensions of niches, ledges, columns, etc.;
• wall thickness;
• height window width, window sill height;
• height and width of the doorway ;
• distance from the nearest corners to window and door openings;
• ceiling height, exact dimensions beams, if any;
• points of attachment of utilities to the walls (sewerage, air conditioning, sockets, switches, heating devices, ventilation shafts, water pipes, fire alarm etc.).

For accurate measurements, you need to ensure that the tape measure does not sag. It should be held parallel to the floor when measuring length and perpendicular when measuring height.

If you are thinking of using drywall constructions, combining different finishes, it would be logical to additionally draw wall scans.

At the initial stage of interior design planning, everything can seem too complicated and tedious. Follow all the above tips, and you will be able to quickly and correctly draw a floor plan, which, in turn, will greatly simplify your life in the future and speed up the process of creating an interior design.