Ecological lesson on the topic: "Waters of Russia". Message: Use of water in industry, household and agriculture

All-Russian educational project“Water of Russia. Clean Rivers” is implemented within the framework of the federal target program “Water of Russia” at the initiative of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia with the support of the Green Movement of Russia ECA.

The purpose of the lesson is to develop a responsible attitude of schoolchildren to the water resources of Russia, to acquaint them with the main rivers of the country and guide them to take concrete steps to save water and protect nature in everyday life.

Tasks:

• To expand students' understanding of the structure of rivers and show the relationship between the structure of rivers and the natural functions they perform.
• To expand students' understanding of the importance of rivers in nature and for humans.
• To acquaint with 5 great rivers of Russia: Volga, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur.
• On the example of 5 great rivers of Russia, discuss the environmental problems that are typical for the rivers of Russia as a whole and ways to solve these problems.
• Suggest possible approaches to save and reduce household water pollution.
• To promote the formation of a responsible attitude towards water resources among schoolchildren.

The lesson began like this: we discussed with the students ways to replenish rivers with water. First, the children verbally solved puzzles and learned the names of different types of river feeding, and then watched a presentation about the features of each river.

Having dealt with the peculiarities of the structure of rivers in general, the students went on a virtual journey through Russia and got acquainted with the 5 main rivers of the country: the Volga, Ob, Yenisei, Lena, Amur. Before the “journey” began, a set of cards was placed on each table. The task of the children is, after they hear a story about the next river, to select cards that depict the functions that, in their opinion, this river can perform in the human economy. Then they discussed their decisions with the children.

To get information on how to help keep rivers clean and flowing, students completed a game task. Each table was given a set of cards. The students consulted in a group and selected those actions that would help reduce water pollution from various human activities. After completing the task, a discussion took place, thanks to which both the correctness of the completed tasks were checked and specific advice on water conservation was formed.

At the end of the lesson, the students received booklets, which they took with them to do their homework on the topic of the lesson.

These lessons help early years to instill in children respect and respect for water resources, to preserve the water wealth of our country.

On May 25-26, 2018, in grades 5-7 of Lyceum No. 87, the All-Russian interactive lesson "CLIMATE CHANGE AND RELATIONSHIP WITH FOREST PRESERVATION" was held.

PURPOSE OF THE LESSON - using exciting game formats, to talk about how the forest stands guard over nature and people, helping to adapt to dangerous climate changes.

And most importantly - to inspire and teach schoolchildren to act to save forests and a more favorable climate!

THANKS TO THE LESSON, students learned how a tree works and lives; what important functions do forests perform in nature; what happens to the ecosystem when the forest is cut down; how we humans are changing the climate and how it threatens us and nature; what role forests play in slowing climate change; what are the simple rules to follow to save the forest.

The children learned during the game tasks to simulate different situations, find and justify solutions to preserve the forest and a favorable climate; conserve the forest and its resources and reduce your climate footprint through simple daily actions; share this knowledge with their peers and parents.

Climate change and forest conservation are extremely relevant topics today, which it is very important to pay attention and time to when working with schoolchildren!

Forest and climate are inseparable things. Without forests, a climate favorable for us is impossible, and if we allow a strong change in the climate of the planet by man, then a lot of forests will disappear. Our children will live in a changing world, and they must understand both the reasons for the ongoing changes and what can be done at different levels so that these changes in the future are less dangerous for people and nature. We must protect the forest and do everything to avoid too strong climate change.

Thanks to the eco-lesson "Forest and Climate", schoolchildren learned about the functions of forests in nature, their role in slowing down climate change, measures for their conservation, etc. The students learned how to reduce their climate footprint through simple daily actions. During the game tasks, the guys traveled around our planet together with carbon dioxide molecules.

The play activities enabled the children to develop measures and solutions that, if followed, would help conserve forests, which, in turn, would help slow climate change and reduce its destructive impact. The lesson turned out to be very dynamic and harmonious, thanks to an interesting and informative conversation, a presentation, an educational game and, of course, the sympathetic hearts of the children. The children participated very actively in the course of the conversation and the game, reasoning and drawing appropriate conclusions.

Lesson topic: Water. Environmental aspects of water use

Lesson duration- 2 hours.

Lesson form- role-playing game.

The purpose of the lesson: consider some environmental aspects of water use.

Lesson objectives: to study the concept of "ecological nature management of water", to analyze tap water in terms of organoleptic indicators and content total iron in tap water, consider the main sources of pollution of natural water and discuss ways to solve the problem of water protection.

problem question Q: What kind of water do we drink? Who is guilty? What to do?

Lesson type: communication of new knowledge.

Epigraph:

Even a small bylinochku loving.

E. Evtushenko

Preparing for the lesson. The class is divided into groups: laboratory assistants (laboratory No. 1, laboratory No. 2), representatives of the Natural Resources Committee, young chemists. Students pre-prepare for the lesson, collecting information about water, prepare presentations, laboratory assistants study the methodology for assessing the quality of drinking water. Departments think over the names of the group, the motto, create business cards, emblems.
On the board is a map of the city of Noyabrsk, on which the places for taking water samples are marked with flags and the words are written:

"The grace of the earth is not eternal,
When a distant descendant
You will let the world go with a knapsack,
She will have nothing to give ... "

V. Fedorov.

Equipment and reagents:

• for laboratory assistants of laboratory No. 1: 250 ml flasks, measuring cylinders, leaflets with text, glass plates, water bath, instruction cards, water samples, markers;
• for laboratory assistants of laboratory No. 2: canned water samples, potassium thiocyanate, nitric acid, hydrogen peroxide, test tubes, a white sheet of paper, glass tubes or water pipettes.
• a map of the city of Noyabrsk, which shows the areas from which water samples were taken for analysis for the content of total iron, a pointer;
• for the Committee of Natural Resources: literature on the topic, textbooks;
• for chemists: three test tubes numbered: No. 1 - sodium chloride, No. 2 - potassium orthophosphate, No. 3 - sodium sulfate; bottles with solutions: silver nitrate, barium chloride; tablets;
• crystals, video "Combustion of water in an atmosphere of fluorine", information for compiling the heading: "Did you know that ...";
• computers, test on the topic: "Water" and presentation (Power Point), animation model "Water cycle in nature", projector.
• for all groups: evaluation sheets, a sheet with a task;
• leaflets or plates with the name of departments;
• equipment and reagents for explosive gas explosion;
• mineral water, disposable glasses.

Lesson structure:

I. Update. The lesson is started by the teacher using a Power Point presentation.<Appendix 4 . Slides 1-15>

Teacher: Hello! I greet everyone and congratulate you on the upcoming holiday, because tomorrow, March 22, is World Water Day and our lesson is dedicated to the most amazing of substances - water. Agree, few of us would refuse: to walk along the seashore, listen to the sound of a waterfall, ride a boat or a yacht, swim in the sparkling spray of a fountain, sit on the bank of a quiet river, play with a sea wave or lie down on the beach .... All this will be in the summer, but for now we can admire the snow, wash ourselves with clean water, temper ourselves, drink water and cook food, eat ... We can go to the pool .... Because it's so wonderful!<Appendix 4 . slide 16>

"Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described, you enjoy yourself without understanding what you are. You are not just necessary for life, you are life, ”the French writer and pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote these words after his plane crashed in the desert and he spent several days under the scorching sun.
We usually do not think about water, when it is enough, we take it for granted. A Mongolian proverb says: "A person does not appreciate water until the source runs dry." So let's talk about water, about its problems, until the source runs dry, because it has been asking for help for many years.<Appendix 4 . Slide 17>
The theme of the lesson is "Water". In preparation for the lesson, I read a statement that surprised me very much: “If you perceive information about water, using numbers, codes, symbols on the most modern computer, around the clock, then it will take 100,000 years of earth time.” We have very little time, so we will just touch one string of this unique instrument called "water", and it is called "Environmental aspects of water use".

The purpose of the lesson: consider some aspects of water use.

Tasks:

• analyze tap water;
• find out the main sources of water pollution;
• consider possible ways to protect natural waters.

II. Statement of the problem and tasks for groups

Before starting work, it is necessary to pass a test that will help determine the level of competence of employees.

IV. Learning new material, problem solving

Students work with information, perform tasks ( Attachment 1 , Annex 2 , Annex 3 ). We turn on the music. 10-15 min

IV. Speeches of specialists

a) The floor is given to laboratory assistants of laboratory No. 1. The laboratory analyzed tap water for organoleptic characteristics and found the following:
Of the three water samples that we studied, only sample No. 1 can be used, the sample was taken from a drinking tap in primary school MOU secondary school No. 7.
Sample No. 2 can be used for cultural and domestic purposes, it is undesirable to cook food on this water and drink such water, because. it does not correspond to GOST in terms of turbidity, the transparency is 5 cm. You can drink such water only after additional purification. We recommend residents of the house number 6, st. Soviet, use additional filters, as well as apply to the housing department with an application for an examination and a solution to the issue of improving the quality of drinking water.
The third sample was taken from the faucet in the household room of Nordplast LLC in the industrial area, the water does not meet GOST in all organoleptic indicators, this is technical water, you can’t drink such water!

b) The floor is given to the head of the laboratory deironing station Ben Ekaterina<Appendix 4 . Slides 19-23> who, together with the group, visited the iron removal station, got acquainted with its employees, learned about the operation of the station and learned how to conduct a qualitative analysis for the content of total iron in water. (Students talk about the results of their study of tap water in various areas of the city and report the results of the analysis of drinking water for the content of total iron).
Of the three analyzed samples, according to this indicator, only sample No. 1 (drinking tap No. 7) is suitable for drinking, in sample No. 2 the content of total iron is increased, and sample No. 3 is strictly forbidden to use, because. there is a clear excess of the MAC (MAC 0.3 mg/l).
In addition, having handed over a sample of this water for a quantitative analysis of total iron to the laboratory of the iron removal station, we received data that the content of total iron in it exceeds the MPC by 20 times!<Appendix 4 . Slides 24-25 >
Teacher: Let's talk about protecting natural resources.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Art. 42. Everyone has the right to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition ... .
Art.58. Everyone is obliged to protect nature and the environment, to treat natural resources with care.<Appendix 4 . Slide 26 >
And here is our beloved tundra, the consequences of the accident on the oil pipeline ...<Appendix 4 . Slide 27>
And this is a whale. A whale that washed ashore is the consequences of sea pollution with chemical production waste. North Sea. Netherlands.
Why is this happening? The main sources of water pollution, their causes were found out by representatives of the Committee of Natural Resources, they have the floor.

in) Statement by employees of the Natural Resources Committee

Students' presentations are accompanied by a slide show.<Appendix 4 . Slide 27>

Main sources of water pollution:

1. Particulate contamination.
2. Mineral pollution:

• metal compounds;
• mineral fertilizers.

3. Pollution with organic substances.
4. Pollution by oil and its derivatives.<Appendix 4 . Slide 28>

Ways to solve the problem of pollution of the hydrosphere:

• Waste-free technologies are a cardinal solution to the problem.
• Cleaning process Wastewater:
• cleaning and disinfection of domestic and livestock effluents;
• cleaning of effluents from transport enterprises;
• treatment of wastewater containing petroleum products.<Appendix 4 . Slides 29-30>

V. Press conference

Possible questions for experts.

1. What are the main sources of pollution of natural waters in our region?
2. Who exercises control over the state of water bodies?
3. How can an ordinary citizen take part in water protection?
4. How to assess the quality of water at home?
5. Is it possible to determine the iron content in water visually?
6. What diseases occur in people who consume poor-quality water?
7. Is it possible to get rid of excess iron by boiling?
8. Where should I go if the tap is leaking water that is unusable?
9. What is the ecological situation in our city?
10. What are the main environmental problems in our region?
11. Is the water in our rivers and lakes clean?

VI. Quiz

Young chemists have prepared a quiz for us.

• Can water burn?<Appendix 4 . Slides 31-33>

Video "Combustion of water in an atmosphere of fluorine" ( Appendix 6 ).

• As you know, water is a good solvent, but is the reverse process possible?
• Is it possible to grow a crystal from a solution?<Appendix 4 . Slide 34>

Demonstration of crystals of copper sulphate and potassium alum grown by students.

• What is the difference between the natural water cycle and the polluted water cycle?

Demonstration of the animation model "The water cycle in nature." Physicon programs. Open Chemistry 2.5.

V. Consolidation. Summing up, conclusions

– So, today we talked a lot about water, about the problems associated with water use.
– What is water use?
- Can water use in our country, city be considered rational? Why?
We were looking for answers to the following questions:

• What kind of water do we drink?
• Who is to blame for water pollution?

- We found out that we do not always drink clean water, that the person himself is to blame for water pollution. Our state and authorities are taking certain measures to protect the waters, but as life shows, these measures are not enough, but not only because these measures are expensive, but also because the ecological consciousness of our society is not sufficiently formed.
Each person understands ecological water use differently. An ordinary person will tell about how the fish disappeared in the river, and the clear lake turned into a swamp and mosquitoes appeared, which had never been before; a biologist will probably talk about the extinction of species, about mutations; the geographer will remember the dead Aral and dried up rivers; the ecologist will definitely talk about the violation of ties in ecological communities; the chemist, on the other hand, will look for the cause in the use of substances.

• How do you understand the term "ecological water use"?

– I would like to conclude by giving an example of my family. I was born on the banks of a small mountain river at the source of the Ob. My father tells me that they used to drink water from the river and catch valuable fish; I don’t remember the fish anymore, but I remember that all summer we swam in the river, and my daughter sees a tablet on the bank of the river “Swimming is prohibited!”. I would like to ask: “What is happening to us and what will our grandchildren get?”.

Conclusion: ecological water use means careful attitude to water: rational use, restoration and protection of natural waters.

"Human Reasonable" should use water sources in such a way that it would be good for everyone: both plants and animals, the main task is not to disturb the equilibrium in nature that has been established for centuries. On the other hand - we we must provide sources of water such conditions that they give us health and joy. After all, it costs nothing for a person to make “dead” water from “living” water, there are many examples of this.

• How should we treat water?

– It is a pity that we have little time and we did not talk about the level of ecological consciousness of our society, because the fate of water and future generations depends on it.<Appendix 4 . Slides 35-41>

Teacher: Water is our wealth, everyone needs it: humans, plants, dolphins, fish and other animals. I finish the lesson with the words of E. Yevtushenko:

"Take care of these lands, these waters,
Even a small bylinochku loving.
Take care of all the animals inside nature,
Kill only the beasts within you."

VI. Demonstration of the experience "Explosion of explosive gas"

- I invite you to go to the chemistry room and complete the lesson with a unique experience. We will witness the birth of water!

– Today we talked a lot about water, about the problems associated with water, I invite you to drink clean water! Be healthy! Thank you all for your cooperation!

Municipal state institution "Regional special boarding school for children with hearing impairments of the city of Taldykorgan" of the state institution "Education Department of the Almaty region"

Klyshbaeva Asel Kairatovna

Open lesson

Theme: Water is life. Protection of water and reservoirs.

Goals:

Educational:

To consolidate students' knowledge about the properties of water, to identify the causes of water pollution, to expand ideas about the protection of water by man;

Developing:

develop speech, observation, attention, auditory perception, the ability to communicate, negotiate, interact with each other; ability to compare and draw conclusions;

Corrective:

to form the intonational side of speech, to work on expressive reading;

Educational;

Continue to cultivate respect for nature and the environment.

Lesson objectives:

Expanding children's ideas about the world around them through comparisons, comparisons, connections of meaningful - semantic fragments about water.

Activation and enrichment of the dictionary: liquid, colorless, fresh, salty

Lesson type:

Lesson in the formation of knowledge and skills.

Equipment: Computer, multimedia projector, presentations, save water posters, student worksheets, glasses of water for children, pictures of residents aquatic environment.

During the classes

Org moment

You came here….. (to study)

Don't be lazy but…..(work)

Work how?(carefully)

How about listening?(carefully)

If you want to answer... (do not forget to raise your hand)

If asked…. (you need to stand up, loudly, clearly answer)

II. Motivation of educational activity.

W: Today we will talk about a substance without which we cannot live. And here is what the writer Antoine de Saint-Exuper said about this substance. Listen carefully and say what it is about:

“You have no taste or smell. You cannot be described, you are enjoyed without knowing what you are! It cannot be said that you are necessary for life: you are life itself. You are the greatest wealth in the world ”(It is written on the board).

W: - What do you think the writer is talking about? You can tell the answer with the help of the rebus, which is written on the board.

IN YES

W: Today we will talk about water. What do you know about water?(On the board are cards with the words Water is)

D:- Water is a liquid.

Water is hot and cold.

You can swim in the water.

W: How much do you know. Well done! Do you want to know more about water? So, today we will find out why water is said to be natural wealth, get acquainted with some of its properties, talk about how to properly protect water, and how you can help water.

III. Work on the topic of the lesson.

W: It is difficult to find a place on our planet where there would be no water. It is everywhere only in different quantities and conditions. We cannot live without water.

Introduction to the concept of "researcher"

W: Another page of knowledge will open before us today. I propose to turn our class into a scientific center for a while, and research laboratories will work. You are researchers. Who knows who are called explorers?

D: Researchers are people who want to be smart.

Researchers are looking for something incomprehensible and new.

Slide(Explorer)

W: A researcher is a person who scientific activity.

U: So guys, our scientific audience is turning into a research laboratory.

Music sounds, children put on the attributes of the researcher.

Q: What do you think will be the subject of research?

D: Water

Today we will study questions about the properties of water, observe the distribution of water in nature, learn about the importance of water for plants, animals, humans, and try to solve the problem of water pollution and protection.

Plan of work of our research (On the board)

The study of the question of the properties of water and its transformations.

Observation of the distribution of water in nature.

The study of the question of the importance of water for plants, animals, humans.

Discussion of the problem of water pollution and protection.

Practical work.

Experience #1

1st research group answer the first question.

W: You probably guessed what's in your glass?

D: Water. Water can be poured into a jar and back. (Children demonstrate)

W: Why?

D: She is fluid.

W: What will we conclude?

D: Water is a liquid.

Experience #2

Q: Is it always liquid?

If we pour it into a saucer and put it in the freezer. What will happen?

(Researchers of each laboratory examine, hold pieces of ice in their hands)

Q: What is our conclusion?

D: Water, when frozen, turns into ice.

Ice is solid water.

Experience No. 3

Video is a story.

D: Attention, we have come to the laboratory number 3. Let's go further. Hello. Meet - this is a senior worker of the scientific laboratory Alma apay. Alma apay, let's do some practical work by putting a kettle of water on the stove. Look at our kettle for boiling. If he stays on the stove for 10 minutes, then what will happen to the kettle. Let's watch.

Look, after ten minutes of boiling the kettle, there is no water left in the kettle.

Q: Where did the water go?

D: The water turned into steam.

W: What will we conclude?

D: Water is steam, gas.

W: Well done! Let's draw conclusions on the first question. What transformations does water have?

D: Water in nature can exist in three states: liquid, solid and gaseous. (slide on board)

W: good. Well done. you showed your practical work. Now let's return to our research room, where we will continue our work. (Music sounds, the guys sit down in their seats)

W: Attention on the board is the second question.

2) Distribution of water in nature

W: Water in nature in a liquid state is a sea, a river ... .. Continue.

D: Ocean, puddle, stream, spring, rain.

W: Water in nature in its solid state is...

D: Glaciers, snow, ice, hail.

At: Water in nature in a gaseous state is ...

D: Clouds, fog, clouds.

(Slide the water cycle of nature)

W: Let's move on to the third question.

3rd question Studying the question of the importance of water for plants, animals, humans

(slide land)

W: What color is more on our planet, what does the earth look like?

D: Blue

W: And why?

D: Because it's water.

W: Indeed, blue is water. Therefore, we can conclude that there is a lot of water on the globe. These are seas and oceans. But besides this, there are many blue threads on earth. These are large rivers and small streams. And this is all the water reserves of the earth. But what is the water in the seas and oceans?

D: salty

W: And a person needs fresh water, that is, which runs in rivers and lakes. And there isn't much of it. Therefore saving fresh water is the main task of man.

Q: Where do we use water?

D: We use water in the household - we wash ourselves, wash ourselves, cook dinners.

W: Good. Look at the slides. Please note, in addition to household needs, both plants and animals need water, for a hydroelectric power station, if there is no hydroelectric power station, then we will not have light, electricity, transportation of goods along rivers, and recreation on the water.

Animals and plants also cannot live without water. And for some of them, water is their home. For example: for fish, dolphins. If there was no water, there would be nothing living.

(Slide on the board Water is) diagram

W: So water is…?

D: Water is life.

W: Why should we bathe, temper ourselves?

D: To be healthy.

W: So this is water?

D: Water is health.

W: Boats and ships navigate rivers and oceans. Hydroelectric power stations are built on the rivers. Where do they get electricity. So this is water?

D: Water is a friend and helper of man.

W: Well done. Let's take a look at the third question.

Water is life, health, human helper.

IV. Physical minute

W: dear explorers, you must be a little tired. Let's take a little break. Get up, take a piece of your warmth and present it to our guests. The guys say wishes to the guests.

W:.Guys take a glass of water in your hands. Before you drink water, make a wish, and it will surely come true.

V. Continuation of work on the topic of the lesson.

W: Well done. Have you rested a bit? Now let's continue our lesson and move on to the fourth lesson.

4 Discussion of the problem of water pollution and protection.

W: Everyone needs water. Therefore, you need to be very careful with it. Unfortunately, water sources are also in danger. From what? Let's see the story of the fisherman. The story is instructive! Environmental Drama!

A story about a fisherman.

Fisherman: From a country overseas, far

I received a gift

A fishing rod to catch fish

Hastened to Karatal

Released the line into the water

Friend: So what, did you get it?

Fisherman: Caught!

Friend: What? Maybe a goldfish?

Fisherman: Yes, where is it? If so

I wouldn't be poor then

I caught not a pike, not a crucian,

And the little gudgeon

The gudgeon suddenly says to me!

Gudgeon: In the river we did not live

There were few fish and shells.

Fisherman: What about your river people?

Gudgeon: All the dirt is poured into the river to us

Everything dies from her.

Everyone is thrown into the water to us

From needles to pajamas

And full of other waste

That's the trouble, brother, what!

Fisherman: What to do? How can we be?

Gather, I'm friends

And we will resolve the issue as soon as possible.

W: Sad story! Everything needs water, and especially clean water. Let's talk about why water is polluted and what it threatens. Look at the slide and tell me why water is polluted?

(Slide factories, factories, throw garbage, wash cars)

D: Factories and plants pollute water. It harms plants, animals and humans.

All living things suffer from dirty water.

Dirty water is harmful to human health.

Q: How else does a person pollute water?

D: Throws trash, washes cars.

W: Let's think about what you kids can do to keep the water clean. Dear researchers, make your suggestions.

D: Do not throw garbage into waterways.

Clean the banks of rivers and lakes.

Put up signs calling for respect for water.

Do not destroy plants and inhabitants of water bodies.

Plant trees near water bodies.

W: Remember that fresh water is scarce on earth, and we must use water sparingly. What does it mean

"Economical"? Let's watch the video.

(Video how to save water)

W: Who will tell me where and how we should save water?

D: We must conserve water in the kitchen. When we wash dishes, we must turn off the water. Wash dishes in a container.

Save water when washing.

Save water in the bathroom. Don't forget to turn off the water while brushing your teeth.

We must teach everyone to close the taps tightly.

W: Correctly. And I hope you will.

W: Let's sum it up.

VI. Reflection of educational activity.

Were we able to achieve the goals set at the beginning of the lesson? For self-examination, we will fill in the table.

VII. Final summary.

W: Water is our wealth, which is a wonderful gift of nature. And I want to finish our lesson with a call!

Don't spoil nature

Don't hurt nature.

Born human

That's how they should be!

Let the rivers not die on earth,

And their misfortune bypasses them.

Let it remain clean in them forever,

Cold and clear water.

All this is called nature,

Let's always take care of it!

W: This concludes our lesson. Say goodbye.

D: Goodbye!

Lesson development (lesson notes)

Main general education

Line UMK O. S. Gabrielyan. Chemistry (8-9)

Line UMK O. S. Gabrielyan. Natural science (10-11) (basic)

Attention! The site administration site is not responsible for the content methodological developments, as well as for compliance with the development of the Federal State Educational Standard.

WMC"Chemistry. Grade 8 "O. S. Gabrielyan.

Internet resources

The purpose of the lesson: Show students the problems facing humanity due to irresponsible attitude to water resources. Show the responsibility of everyone for the preservation of natural resources. The ability of a person to intelligently manage his activities.

Repetition of topics: Water, solutions, the role of water in the life of living organisms, metals, compounds of nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, water hardness, mineral fertilizers, phenol, ion exchange reactions, solving analytical problems.

Skills: Analyze, draw conclusions, apply theoretical knowledge in practice. Development of skills in handling laboratory equipment, techniques for conducting a chemical experiment, work in groups.

Lesson type: Combined.

Forms of student work: collective, group.

Necessary equipment: water samples, posters, test tubes, solutions: phenol, alkali, potassium thiocyanate, sodium carbonate, iron chloride, potassium sulfide, phenolphthalein, spirit lamp, computer, presentation. http://prezentacii.com/ekologiya/8277-zagryaznenie-vodnoy-sredy.html

Structure and course of the lesson

1. Introductory speech of the teacher about the purpose of the lesson and about water.
2. Student messages.
3. The class is divided into teams, each of which receives a task for research, theoretical questions and environmental problems.
4. The results of the work are deserved and discussed.
5. Final word from the teacher.
6. Summing up the lesson.

Today we are conducting an environmental lesson on the topic "Water". We will talk about water not as a substance, but as a particle of nature, which is the person himself. I would like to start our conversation with an ancient Greek saying: “The best thing is water, better than the Olympic Games, better than gold”

The ancient Greeks thought so, but, unfortunately, modern man does not consider water wealth. Water for us is the same routine as a ray of sun, air, forests. Indeed, man and water are inseparable. We drink, cook, wash, wash, bathe, water plants, forgetting that in a few decades one day our grandchildren will open the tap, and instead of transparent life-giving moisture they will receive only a chemical cocktail, or even nothing at all.

Water is a universal solvent. It can dissolve many toxic substances that harm the environment. It is connected with this a large number of environmental issues.

Currently, environmentalists, scientists, and just sane people are sounding the alarm: "HYDROSPHERE POLLUTION IS THE SAME NUCLEAR WAR, BUT EXTENDED IN TIME."

That is why today we will talk about water.

After all, it simply cannot be that nothing depends on each of us! So why does a person need water? How does he use it? And what will he leave to his descendants?

Message: The role of water in human life

Water makes up 80–90% of the mass of plants and 75% of the mass of animals. The human body contains 65% water. Water serves as a constant participant in the intensive biochemical processes occurring in the human body. No life process is complete without it. Violation of the water balance leads to serious changes in the human body. With the loss of 6–8% of moisture from body weight, a person falls into a semi-conscious state, with a loss of 12% or more of moisture, death occurs. How much water does the human body need?

Scientists believe that on average a person needs 2.5 liters of water per day, while one liter falls on drinking water. However, under certain conditions, the need for water increases to 4–5 liters, and in hot climates with low air humidity it reaches 6 liters or more. A person can live without food for five to six weeks, without water - five days. Here it is appropriate to quote the words of J. Byron: "Without experiencing the suffering of thirst, one cannot comprehend how much water means to people."

The main consumer of water on Earth is humanity and its activities. And it is no coincidence that all the great civilizations of antiquity arose and developed near water, in large river valleys. There was not a single great civilization in an area devoid of water.

Summing up the above, it should be emphasized once again that water is the custodian and distributor of solar energy on our planet, the main creator of climate, daily weather, a heat accumulator and, most importantly, essential condition life on the planet. And there is nothing on Earth that should be treated with more attention and caution than water that is so familiar to us. According to the figurative expression of academician A. L. Karpinsky, “water is living blood that creates life where it was not.”

Water is the main factor determining the climate on the Earth's surface.

The main role of water is that it is a medium and a source of hydrogen for life processes. Almost all organic matter in the biosphere is a product of photosynthesis, in which plants use light energy to combine carbon dioxide with water. Without water, as you know, photosynthesis cannot occur. The process to which the whole life of our planet owes. Water is the only source of oxygen released into the atmosphere during photosynthesis. Water is essential for the biochemical and biophysical processes that make life possible on Earth. Figuratively speaking, life is contained in a drop of water.

Message: Use of water in industry, household and agriculture

In the structure of wastewater disposal, 35% falls on all industries, except for heat power, 33% - on heat power, 18% are discharges of wastewater from reclaimed fields and 14% are discharges from municipal services of cities and rural settlements.

One of the main consumers of water is irrigated agriculture - 190 m 3 /year. To grow 1 ton of cotton, 4-5 thousand m 3 of fresh water is required, 1 ton of rice - 8 thousand m 3. Irrigation consumes most of the water irretrievably.

Municipal water consumption exceeds 20 km 3 /year. An important task is to reduce the consumption of tap water for technical needs. In Moscow, for example, industry accounts for 25% of tap water supplied to the capital. However, there is no need to use drinking water for technical needs. To do this, it is necessary to expand the network of technical water pipelines, which will significantly reduce the cost of consumed water.

Water consumption in industry is high (about 90 km 3 / year). For the smelting of 1 ton of steel, 200–250 m 3 of water is required, 1 ton of cellulose - 1300 m 3, ... There are great reserves of water saving in industry through the introduction of advanced technological processes. For example, in old petrochemical plants, 18–22 m 3 of water is consumed to process 1 ton of oil, while in modern plants with recycling water supply and systems air cooling- about 0.12 m 3 / year.

At present, the situation is aggravated by the fact that after the privatization of the main number of enterprises, including environmentally polluted enterprises, the new owners do not have enough money to build or modernize treatment facilities. Mankind improves its life with the help of a technological revolution, while forgetting that he himself is a part of nature and the Earth is his home. Therefore, our rivers and lakes turn into garbage dumps. What threatens our rivers?

Message: What threatens the rivers?

Some of the world's major rivers are approaching a crisis due to dam congestion, maritime traffic, pollution and climate change.

This is warned by the World Wide Fund for Nature, which published its report on the eve of world day water, celebrated on March 22.

The report, which is titled "The world's 10 major rivers are under threat," indicates that the degree of importance of this problem can be compared with the problem of climate change on the planet. Of the ten rivers mentioned in the report, five are in Asia. Among them are the Yangtze, the Mekong and the Ganges. The European Danube and the North American Rio Grande were also blacklisted. The World Wildlife Fund believes that the state of water resources is a matter of national security. The World Wildlife Fund bases its conclusions on a number of recent studies that have allowed it to assess the degree of threat to the main rivers of the world. The organization points out that the most dangerous rivers are damming, excessive use of water for industrial purposes and agriculture, climate change, pollution and shipping.

The International Wildlife Fund has issued a warning that the existence of a large part of the world's rivers is under threat due to their damming and drying up. Only a third of the 177 rivers, whose length exceeds 1000 kilometers, still flow unhindered, and their number is constantly decreasing. A representative of the foundation said in an interview with the BBC that damming of rivers has become a global problem that threatens fish populations. Thus, rare species of fish in the Amazon and the Mekong and the river dolphins of the Ganges are endangered. The report also points to declining supplies of clean drinking water.

Message: Problems of the world's oceans

The oceans - the "breadbasket" of mankind - has become a global dump where people throw out the waste of their activities. The Mediterranean Sea - the cradle of several civilizations - was called the "Great Sick". By 2000, the amount of waste thrown out reached 100 billion tons. The volume of polluted water has increased 10 times. The world's clean water resources may be exhausted. In 20 of the 69 studied areas of Tokyo Bay, no signs of life were found at all, 60% of the fish caught in other parts of the bay were poisoned. In the US, the entire Great Lakes system has been poisoned. The situation is similar in Europe and in our country: many of the largest river arteries have been poisoned.

Message: Impact of water pollution on human health

Water is a mineral that ensures the existence of living organisms on Earth. Water is part of the cells of any animal and plant. An insufficient amount of water in the human body leads to a violation of the excretion of metabolic products of digestion, the blood becomes depleted of water, a person has a fever. High-quality water is an important factor in human life, animals and their health.

Today, all over the world, the greatest danger to land waters is pollution. Pollution refers to all kinds of physical and chemical deviations from the natural composition of water: frequent and prolonged turbidity, temperature rise, rotting organic matter, often the presence of hydrogen sulfide and other toxic substances in water. To all this, waste water is added: household, Food Industry, Agriculture. Often, wastewater contains oil products, cyanides, salts of heavy metals, chlorine, alkalis, acids. We should not forget about the contamination of water with herbicides and radioactive substances. Also today, everywhere the waters are polluted by garbage dumped from everywhere. In addition, waste water from the fields enters the reservoirs untreated.

As a result of the growth of industry, water bodies and rivers are heavily polluted. . Among the pollutants from industrial enterprises most notably hydrocarbon pollution. Production and widespread use of synthetic surfactants (surfactants), especially in the composition detergents, determines their flow, together with wastewater, into many reservoirs. Including sources of household and drinking water supply. The inefficiency of water purification from surfactants is the reason for their appearance in the drinking water of water supply systems. Surfactants can have a negative impact on water quality, the self-cleaning ability of water bodies, and the human body.

Intensive land use in agriculture increased pollution of water bodies with washouts from water fields containing chemicals and pesticides. Many pollutants can enter the aquatic environment from the atmosphere along with precipitation. For example, such an element as lead. The nervous and circulatory systems are the first to be hit, especially children are sensitive to lead poisoning.

Chemicals discharged along with sewage, getting into rivers and lakes, often change the aquatic environment. Under the influence of such substances, water can become unsuitable for human activities and the maintenance of flora and fauna.

Great damage can be done not only by chemicals, but also by organic ones. Discharge of organic substances in excessively large quantities leads to severe poisoning of natural waters. Ultimately, the person himself and his activities suffer from pollution of natural waters. The water supply of settlements depends entirely on rivers, and the treatment of waters with a high content of organic and mineral impurities is becoming more difficult and expensive. Due to these circumstances, the health of the population is at serious risk. The consequences of certain substances in the water, which no wastewater treatment system can completely remove, can affect a person over time. Fresh water pollution is serious problem humanity.

In the US, the entire Great Lakes system has been poisoned. The situation is similar in Europe and in our country: many of the largest river arteries have been poisoned.

As a result of an overabundance of new substances, nature is not able to recycle industrial waste. Now 260 new substances are synthesized annually. What is being done in our country to improve the catastrophic situation?

Message "Measures for water protection"

In addition to the problem of pollution, no less is on the agenda. actual question water shortage. We, living in this region, practically do not feel it ourselves, but there are areas where everything is not so safe. The problem of water scarcity has become global. What projects does science offer us?

Message: Solving Water Scarcity Problems

"Now the world has a crisis with fresh water supplies. This problem is no less important than global climate change," says David Tickner, head of the water program of the British branch of the World Wildlife Fund. "Business and policymakers need to recognize that climate change is not the only environmental issue that needs to be urgently addressed. They need to understand that fresh water needs to be addressed right now," he adds. In the twentieth century The world population has tripled. During the same period, fresh water consumption increased seven times, including 13 times for domestic and drinking needs. With this increase in consumption, there has been a sharp shortage of water resources in a number of regions of the world. According to the World Health Organization, more than two billion people in the world today suffer from a shortage of drinking water. In the next 20 years, taking into account current trends in population growth and the world economy, one should expect an increase in fresh water demand by at least 100 km 3 per year. The problem of fresh water scarcity in the world is trying to eliminate in various ways.

Export of water. Water transportation agreements have been concluded between Turkey and Israel; Belarus and the United Arab Emirates, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan and Germany and other countries. Israel and Turkey signed an agreement for 20 years for the delivery by sea of ​​50 million m 3 annually at a price of $0.7 per cubic meter of water. The volumes of other similar contracts are measured in hundreds of millions of dollars.

Creation of artificial reservoirs. In Turkmenistan, in the Karakum desert, it is planned to implement the project of the world's largest reservoir. The project implementation period is 20 years, the cost is $12 billion.

Saving water consumption. Back in 1992, the American Congress passed a special law on a 70% reduction in the volume of water for municipal needs.

Desalination of sea water or salt water from underground sources. The production of fresh water in the world is growing continuously and at a high rate.

Currently, the main source of fresh water continues to be the water of rivers, lakes, artesian wells and desalination of sea water. At the same time, if there are 1.2 thousand km 3 in all river channels, then the amount of water in each this moment in the atmosphere is equal to 14 thousand km 3. Annually, 577 thousand km 3 evaporate from the surface of the land and ocean, and the same amount then falls in the form of precipitation. The water in the atmosphere is renewed 45 times during the year.

Moisture is unevenly distributed along the height. Half of all water vapor falls on the lower, one and a half kilometer layer of the atmosphere, over 99% - on the entire troposphere. At the earth's surface, the average absolute humidity in the world is 11 g/m 3 . Many of the countries in the hot zone suffer from a lack of fresh water, although its content in the atmosphere is significant. For example, in Djibouti there is practically no rain throughout the year, while the absolute humidity in the surface air layer ranges from 18 to 24 g/m 3 . In the deserts of the Arabian Peninsula and in the Sahara, over every square of the surface with a side of 10 km, the same amount of water is carried per day, which would be contained in a lake with an area of ​​1 km 2 and a depth of 50 m. To take this water, you just need to open the symbolic “tap”.

Now let's talk about the state of water resources in our area.

Messages: What kind of water do we drink

tap water

A direct link has long been found between drinking water quality and human life expectancy.

Unfortunately, our country ranks 50th in this indicator, and the water we drink every day plays an important role here.

Since the main sources of drinking tap water are rivers and groundwater, which are under constant threat of pollution from industrial waste, chemicals used in agriculture, as well as the end products of human and animal metabolism, it becomes clear how urgent the problem of water quality is in our water pipes Oh.

The lowest quality tap water it usually happens in the spring, during the period of snowmelt, but at any other time of the year we are not immune from the fact that at one fine moment some strange liquid with an exotic smell and color will suddenly pour out of a water tap. Yes, and the notorious chlorination of water, saving us from serious ailments, positive qualities She obviously doesn't get better.

The chemical composition of tap water and its effect on the human body

Chemicals enter the human body not only through direct consumption of water for drinking purposes and during cooking, but also indirectly.

For example, when inhaling volatile substances and skin contact while taking water procedures. The water flowing from our taps has a certain chemical composition. Chemical substances contained in water can be divided into several groups.

• The first group includes substances that are most often found in tap water. These include fluorine (F), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), selenium (Se), lead (Pb), molybdenum (Mo), nitrates , hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), etc.
• The second large group is the substances that remain in the water after chemical treatment: coagulants (aluminum sulfate), flocculants (polyacrylamide), reagents that protect water pipes from corrosion (residual tripolyphosphates), as well as residual chlorine.
• The third group includes chemicals that enter water bodies with wastewater (household, industrial waste, surface runoff from agricultural land that has been treated with chemical plant protection products: herbicides and mineral fertilizers). These are pesticides, heavy metals, detergents, mineral fertilizers, etc.
• And the last group of chemicals are components that can get into water from water pipes, adapters, joints, welds, etc. (copper, iron, lead).

The filtration system at water treatment plants is very primitive:

• large debris net
• coagulants that precipitate various impurities,
• H 2 O is passed through sand filters,
• disinfected with chlorine and released into the water supply network.

Superimposed on this “purity” is the deterioration of the plumbing system.

Message: What water protection measures are proposed by scientists?

To fundamentally solve the problem of water quality in the future, a set of coordinated measures is needed, the main task of which is to stop the discharge of wastewater into rivers and water bodies, that is, to separate the economic link of the water cycle from sources of water resources.

One of the ways to solve this problem is the improvement and improvement of technological processes at industrial enterprises, the creation of extended and complete production cycles using the resulting waste and the transition to reuse of water.

An urgent transition is needed from the “direct-flow” (river-enterprise-river) water supply for enterprises to closed loop, that is, so that the water taken once is always in circulation, this will imply the complete exclusion of sewage from entering rivers and reservoirs. The creation of systems of this kind of water supply for industrial enterprises gives a great economic effect.

For domestic wastewater, reuse in industries that do not require water is promising High Quality, as well as for irrigation of agricultural fields. This has a great effect, since domestic wastewater contains a large amount of organic matter. At the same time, this contributes to soil disposal of wastewater. Of course, before carrying out such use, it is necessary to check for the presence of harmful substances.

Also, no less important for solving the problem of protecting water resources is to reduce the water intensity of production and water consumption per unit of production.

One of the ways to combat the quantitative depletion of water resources will also be to reduce the amount of water used in irrigated agriculture. For example, it takes 7,000 tons of water to grow 1 ton of rice. It is also necessary to strive to reduce the amount of water used to produce a unit of agricultural output. Measures aimed at improving the efficiency of water use in agriculture are of great importance.

“What good is it that you knew a lot, Since you did not know how to apply your knowledge to your needs.” Petrarch, 14th century.

Now you have to be in the role of researchers, chemists, analysts. You know that any soluble substance can be detected using characteristic reactions. You have to conduct a study of water samples taken from various reservoirs. How can the presence of this substance affect the local ecosystem?

What measures should be taken to eliminate this contamination?
You also get an environmental problem, the solution of which involves analytical work. Then we will hear your progress reports.

The students are doing the work.

I would like to finish the lesson with the words of D.I. Mendeleev: "There are no wastes in chemistry, but there are unused raw materials."

The cause of the ecological crisis is not in the rapid development of science and technology, but in the imperfection of technology, which is developing in conditions of complete disregard for the issues of interaction with the environment, in the ecological backwardness of the corresponding production. Today, the issue of low-waste and waste-free technology is being addressed.

And how can we take care of the conservation of natural resources?

Quite simply. Don't break a branch, don't pick a flower, plant a tree, feed a bird, fix a leaky faucet.

"Take care of these lands, these waters,
Loving even a small bylinochka,
Take care of all the animals inside nature,
Kill only the beasts within you."

Municipality

Leningradsky district

Municipal budgetary educational institution

secondary school No. 8 named after A.N. Annoying

settlement Bichevogo

municipality

Leningradsky district

environmental lesson

"Water of Russia"

Developed

class head of the 6th grade

O.S. Kolesnik

The purpose of the lesson:

To convey to the minds of schoolchildren the understanding of respect for

water as a vital resource and a precious gift of nature.

It is necessary to encourage schoolchildren to think independently about the importance of water for the life of the planet in the present and, most importantly, in the future.

Tasks:

Reporting information about the water resources of our area and their ecological state; about the impact of water on human health and life, about the importance of careful attitude to water.

During the classes

Organizational part:

Teacher's word:

Throughout human history, people have fought for water and with water. global problem Today the water is pure.

In 2003, the United Nations proclaimed the period from 2005 to 2015 as the International Decade for Action "Water for Life".

At the same time, during this decade, every year, should be devoted to a specific problem related to water resources.

2015 "Water and sustainable development" will be devoted to the issue of the relationship between water and energy, or, more simply, to the issues of hydroelectric power plants.

Russia is a water power. Our country ranks second in terms of river runoff after Brazil and third in terms of water supply per capita after Canada and Brazil. There are 2.5 million rivers and 2.7 million lakes on the territory of our Motherland. For example, Lake Baikal accounts for 20% of the world's total fresh water reserves.

But, such an abundance of water reserves imposes a huge responsibility on our state for the conservation of this natural resource. By the middle of the 21st century, the problem of water shortage will become very acute, according to international experts.

Water Day is a great opportunity to remind people of the importance of water resources. Because world stocks have been and remain unstable. Due to extremely high population growth, mismanagement, and global pollution, available water supplies are being depleted on a daily basis.

But in the future, this life-giving moisture will be needed even more. It is necessary for growing crops, sanitary and hygienic needs, drinking, industrial needs. The huge gap that has emerged between supply and demand will soon widen and threaten environmental sustainability.

Scientists are in real alarm, as their forecasts come down to the fact that by 2025 about 3 billion people will feel the lack of water, because water resources are not unlimited, and it is gradually becoming a scarce resource.

Every year, the UN informs the public about the problem of supplying people with drinking water, and offers possible solutions to protect the aquatic environment.

There will be no life without water. This must be remembered by everyone. Careful attitude to natural resources will prolong life on our wonderful planet. It is time for humanity to think about what we will leave as a legacy to our grandchildren and great-grandchildren.

Let's talk about water today.

WATCH THE VIDEO "Save water!"

Our lesson motto: Water is life.

slide2

II. Main part:

On March 22, the whole world celebrated Water Resources Day. The problem of fresh water is becoming more acute. Even today, the cost of a bottle of water is equal to a liter of gasoline. In the near future, water may become a "golden resource", and Russia - its main exporter.

LAKE BAIKAL (1st student)

slide 3.4

19% of all fresh water in the world is concentrated in just one lake, which is 4/5 of all surface water in Russia. Therefore, Lake Baikal is a priori perceived as a solution to all problems of fresh water in Russia on long years. An environmental catastrophe at Lake Baikal seems unbelievable, and alarming reports of a pulp and paper mill dumping untreated waste directly into the lake are exaggerated. If we remember that today one person out of five is experiencing a shortage of drinking water, then Baikal will become much more profitable in the future than oil wells.

However, the waters of Lake Baikal are not so inexhaustible. Despite the record depth and 336 flowing rivers, the waters of the lake are restored relatively longer than river water - the main source of fresh water. In addition, modern ecologists are concerned about environmental pollution, which is caused not only by the notorious plant in the city of Baikalsk, but also by natural methane emissions from the bottom of the lake, and most importantly, pollution of the rivers flowing into Baikal. The most feared is the Hailar River, which runs on the border with China and is in common use. Today it is one of the dirtiest water bodies in Transbaikalia.

2. VOLGA RIVER (2nd student) slide 5.6

The Volga River is as wide as the Russian soul. Even the original name of the river sounded like "Ra" - "generous". The largest river in Europe even today does not skimp on its gifts, only in its latitude it has lost a little. Eleven hydroelectric power plants and thirteen reservoirs are no joke. “There is no more river, there is a natural-technogenic system,” says Gennady Rozenberg, director of the Institute of Ecology of the Volga Basin, promising that the river will soon turn into a sewer.

Artificial reservoirs are stagnant water, which leads to rapid waterlogging. Already today, most of the territory of the river has turned into swamps, and the process continues. The largest river in Europe is also considered the dirtiest. Of course, it is still far from the Indonesian river Citarum, but if merciless and thoughtless exploitation continues, then soon the main river of Russia will lose its significance as a fresh water supply and turn into a “green cesspool”, thanks to blue-green algae, which lead to secondary pollution. rivers.

3. AMUR RIVER slide 7.8

There are only three large free rivers left on the planet, not fenced by dams, and one of them is the Amur. Today it is the most promising gold mine for Russia in terms of fresh water exports. The fact is that in today's world the country most in need of water is not Kenya or Niger, but China, where more than 300 cities feel the lack of water. China's thirst is predicted to reach an import requirement of 240 billion cubic meters of water in the near future. Therefore, the left tributaries of the Amur in the near future promise to become one of the main points in Russian-Chinese trade.

4. GROUNDWATER slide 3.4

To date, these are the cleanest sources of fresh water, which are the main part of the water fund of Russia. The largest reserves are concentrated in the Siberian District (about 28.9% of all reserves in Russia), where they are constantly replenished due to the thawing of permafrost. Only from there 1.6 million m3 of water per day are extracted daily. By the way, groundwater alone gives Russia a reason not to be afraid of running out of drinking supplies.

The statistics are optimistic that only 15% of the developed groundwater reservoirs are used, while scientists say that this is not even half of all potential groundwater sources in Russia. In addition, recently the fresh water supply in Russia has been used sparingly - annually it is reduced by 2-3%. In the context of a possible shortage of drinking water in the near future, more precisely in 2050, as hydrologists predict, underground water can become a "second oil".

5. ARCTIC GLACIER

According to UN experts, in just 40 years the need for food, including water, will increase by 70%, which will require the mobilization of 90% of the world's fresh water resources. Under these conditions, things can come to the development of "mothballed" reserves - glaciers. The largest amount of fresh water is "frozen" in the ice caps of the Earth (about 25 million km3). In the case of Russia, this sea ​​ice Arctic. In just one summer season, when the natural melting of this natural ice, you can get more than 7000 km3 of fresh water, and this amount exceeds all world water consumption.

6. Vasyugan swamp

The swamps, so unloved and sinister places in culture, are excellent filters for fresh water and another repository of this valuable resource. The countries of Europe, thoughtlessly draining all their swamps in the 18th-19th centuries, today, when mankind has become better acquainted with these natural phenomena, can envy Russia, a country so rich in swamps. Take, for example, the Great Vasyugan Swamp between the Ob and Irtysh rivers. It extends over vast territories - 500 km. In Europe, there would simply be no place for such a giant. Today the Vasyugan swamp is one of the main sources of fresh water for four regions (Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tyumen). Many Siberian rivers originate from the Great Vasyugan swamp, and on its territory there are 800 thousand lakes.

7. ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE

Marshes are swamps, and scientists see the future in the development of new ways to obtain drinking water from atmospheric moisture. How is it in geography class? - "the air contains from 12 to 16 thousand cubic kilometers of moisture" - neither more nor less, but the entire supply of water in the Great Lakes of America. "Tea from steam" is no longer a fantasy. Back in the 90s, the first water conditioning units were invented, which can collect on average about 20-30% of the water vapor in a cubic meter of air. By the way, Russia is actively studying the prospects for using atmospheric moisture to extinguish forest fires in dry seasons.

III. Generalization and summing up. Quiz.

Quiz to reinforce.

List cities that have rivers in their names. (Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don,..)

Name a floating bird, deprived of the ability to fly, which is a symbol of one of the Earth's poles? (penguin)

Agua means "water" in Latin. Name as many words as possible used in Russian, which include Latin name water. -Explain the meaning of these words.

An aquarium is a home for fish. Water area - body of water. Scuba - water equipment. Watercolor is paint that requires water.

Is the meaning of these words clear? How do they relate to the topic of the lesson?

Agua is Latin for water. And the alphabet begins with the letter “a”, so life begins with water. Water is contained in every person, animal and plant, and leaves them only with life. That's why the motto of the lesson: Water is life.

Which scientist was the first to carry out the analysis and synthesis of water? When did it happen? What did it matter? (The nature of water was discovered by the French chemist Lavoisier and his colleague mathematician Laplace. They synthesized water from oxygen and hydrogen, and the mass of the resulting water was equal to the masses of hydrogen and oxygen involved in the reaction. Soon Lavoisier conducted an experiment on its decomposition, passing water vapor over a hot iron, received hydrogen. New way obtaining hydrogen interested the Paris Academy of Sciences.

Why? Water became involved in the first balloon flights, paving the way for practical aeronautics. The process of water decomposition has great prospects, since hydrogen is an ecological fuel in the future. Why do you think? (water is formed as a result of its combustion) But so far, scientists are facing the problem of an advantageous way to decompose water and the safety of using hydrogen as a fuel. Maybe one of you will become a great chemist in the future and solve these problems).

What do you think is the role of water in the body?

(Water in the body acts as a solvent, carrier and regulates body heat).

What physical phenomenon underlies the process of dissolution? How to speed up the process of dissolving in water: a) a solid, such as sugar; b) a gas, such as carbon dioxide?

1 VLesson summary

final word

- At least, there are two scenarios for the development of our country.

1. We do nothing, the problems keep getting worse, and we keep doing nothing. But this scenario does not suit us.

2. We look for practical solutions and solve problems. This scenario suits us, but we must understand that existing and all emerging environmental problems are not easily solved.

We cannot solve these problems alone. They can only be solved together, but at least a small step towards solving environmental problems should be taken by each of us.
- What can each of us do individually, and what can we do together. Discussion.
If we want to do good to nature and ourselves, then we must use its resources (water, fuel) reasonably, economically, without excesses. Not only greedy people save resources, but everyone who cares about it.

Final conversation

If you were president, what would you do in the field of conservation? (Underline whatever applicable)

a) issued more laws for the protection of nature.

b) carried out control over the activities of enterprises to the quality of its products.

c) introduced new developments that contribute to environmental protection.

d) increased the number of reserves.

e) supported environmental movements.

e) all together.

i) your answer.

There is one instructive tradition that reminds us of the difference between true, eternal values ​​and imaginary, passing ones. King Dhatusena, who ruled on the island of Sri Lanka in the 5th century AD, in response to the demands of the rebels to show the hiding places where countless royal treasures were hidden, led his unreasonable enemies to the artificial lake Kalaven, which had 80 km in circumference. The lake saved the inhabitants of the island during a drought. The king scooped up a handful of water and said, "My friends, this is my wealth."