3 types of armed forces of the Russian Federation. The structure and composition of the armed forces of the Russian Federation - description, history and interesting facts

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Lesson type: lesson-lecture

Goals: to acquaint students with the structure, purpose and armament of the types and branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Lesson questions:

Purpose, tasks and structure of the Ground Forces, the Air Force, the Navy
Appointment of the Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces, Space Forces
Tasks of the armed forces: border, civil defense, internal, railway

Lesson Plan

Organizing time
Introduction to the lesson
Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Other troops of the RF Armed Forces
Types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Check of knowledge
Homework

During the classes

Organizational moment: message of the topic of the lesson, work plan

Introduction to the lesson: teacher's message on the topic “Armies of the world: Interesting Facts”

(slides 3-10)

The most unusual maneuver before the attack

During the war of Russia against the Emirate of Bukhara in 1868, the infantry crossed the river right in front of the enemy's chest-deep water and occupied the height of Chapan-Ata in a bayonet attack. The maneuver was swift, there was no time to take off shoes and pour water. Therefore, the soldiers stood on their hands, while their comrades shook their legs.

A month later, in the battle, the Bukharians of the front ranks, approaching a rifle shot, stood up on their hands, and the rear began to conscientiously shake their legs.

They were firmly convinced that they had unraveled the Russian ritual that brought victory

The most unusual decree

Sew buttons on the front side of the sleeve of a soldier's uniform.

Purpose of the decree: to wean the soldiers, most of whom were recruited from the peasant environment, to wipe their mouths with their sleeves after eating, so that expensive cloth would last longer

The shortest war

In 1896, a war broke out between Britain and Zanzibar that lasted exactly 38 minutes.

Worst attack ever

During the Second World War, the Germans in Holland built a model airfield in great secrecy. Planes, hangars, cars, air defense systems - everything is made of wood. But one day an English bomber flew in and dropped a single bomb on the false airfield, after which the construction of the airfield stopped. The bomb was wooden

The most curious army laws

In Britain, only in 1947 was the post of a person obliged to fire a cannon at the time of Napoleon's invasion of England canceled

The most ridiculous war

In 1249, a soldier from Bologna fled to Modena, capturing an old oak tub from which he watered his horse. The authorities of Bologna demanded that they be given not a deserter, but a tub. Having been refused, Bologna began a war against Modena, which lasted 22 years and was accompanied by significant destruction. And the tub still remains in Modena and is stored in one of the towers of the city

The most unusual weapon

One Siamese king, retreating, ordered to fire at the enemy from cannons not with cannonballs, but with silver coins. Than completely disorganized the enemy and won the battle

Types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Before studying the material, students are given a task in the form of tables, which they must fill in as the teacher explains the new material. (slide 11)

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin. The main functions of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces:

Defense policy leadership
Approval of plans for the construction and use of the army and navy
Appointment and dismissal of high military command
Assignment of the highest military ranks
Conscription
Declaring a state of war
Orders of the Armed Forces for the conduct of hostilities (slide 12)

Direct leadership of the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense is carried out by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation (slide 12)

Types of the Armed Forces are divided according to natural environments (slide 13) in which they must conduct armed confrontation with the enemy. Based on this, their weapons, tactics of combat use, organization and all other characteristics are determined, up to the features of the uniform and food rations. The listed characteristics are also influenced by many other factors, among which the traditions that have developed over the entire history of the existence of the Aircraft Type are of decisive importance.

Ground forces (slides 14-25)

The history of the Ground Forces is the longest. Our ancestors, according to historians in the 5th-6th centuries, fought only on foot, practically without using cavalry. Therefore, the traditions expressed in the concepts of courage and resilience, self-sacrifice, military fraternity in the Ground Forces are expressed especially clearly.

Ground forces act accordingly on land. They are designed for:

Covering the State Border
Reflections of attacks of the aggressor
Territory retention
Defeat of groupings of troops
Capturing enemy territory

The Ground Forces consist of military branches, special troops, formations, units of institutions and organizations of central subordination, and the rear of the Ground Forces.

Motorized infantry troops:

Designed to conduct combat operations independently, as well as in conjunction with other types of wax and special troops. The motorized rifle troops have motorized rifle, tank, missile, artillery, anti-aircraft missile units and units, as well as units of special troops and rear services.

Distinctive features are high mobility and maneuverability.

Tank forces:

They constitute the main striking force of the SV. They are used mainly in the main directions for delivering powerful and deep blows to the enemy.

Rocket troops and artillery:

They are the main means of fire and nuclear destruction of the enemy. They are called upon to solve fire missions in battle in the interests of other branches of the armed forces.

Air Defense Forces:

Designed to defeat an air enemy, cover groupings of troops, command posts, airfields and rear facilities from strikes.

Air Force (slides 26-34)

The Air Force is the youngest branch of the RF Armed Forces.

A great contribution to the creation of aviation was made by outstanding Russian scientists: N.E. Zhukovsky, K.E. Tsiolkovsky, S.A. Chaplygin. In 1882, naval officer A.F. Mozhaisky created the world's first aircraft. In 1913, the multi-engine aircraft "Russian Knight" was assembled, and later "Ilya Muromets". The advent of the jet engine caused a qualitative leap in the development of aviation. In 1946, the first jet-type aircraft Yak-15 and MiG-9 were launched into the air.

The modern structure of the Air Force was created in 1998 as a result of the merger of the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces.

Aviation types include: bomber, assault, fighter, reconnaissance, military transport, army, special.

The main tasks of the Air Force:

Protecting the country from reconnaissance and air strikes
Gaining air supremacy
Defeat the enemy from the air
Conducting integrated reconnaissance and performing special tasks
Ensuring the actions of formations of the branches of the Armed Forces

Navy (slides 35 - 41)

On October 20, 1696, at the insistence of Peter I, the Boyar Duma adopted the historic decision “There will be sea vessels”. It is from this moment that the history of the development of the domestic navy begins.

The first permanent grouping of forces - the Azov Fleet - was formed from ships built in the winter of 1695-1696. Prior to the First World War, the fleet was homogeneous. Coastal troops (marines, coastal artillery) have existed since the beginning of the 18th century, they were not part of the fleet. On March 19, 1906, submarine forces were born and began to develop as a new branch of the Navy forces. 1914 - the first units of the Naval Aviation were formed. Mid-1930s - Naval aviation, coastal defense and air defense units became part of the Navy.

The regular Russian fleet for 3 centuries of its existence has covered itself with unfading glory. Gangut and Chesma, Sinop and Tendra, the defense of Sevastopol and Port Arthur are glorious pages of its history. The Russian Navy reached its greatest power in the second half of the 20th century. There was not a single corner of the World Ocean on the globe where our naval flag was not present.

The Navy is intended for the armed protection of Russia's interests, for conducting combat operations in the sea and ocean theaters of war.

The Navy is capable of inflicting nuclear strikes on enemy ground targets, destroying enemy fleet groups at sea and bases, disrupting ocean and sea communications and protecting its maritime transportation, assisting the Ground Forces, participating in repelling enemy landings, and performing other tasks.

The Navy organizationally includes the Northern, Pacific, Baltic and Black Sea fleets, as well as the Caspian military flotilla and the Leningrad naval base.

The role of the fleet in the history of Russia has always gone beyond the performance of purely military tasks. The presence of the fleet contributed to our country's active foreign policy. It has repeatedly become a deterrent for the enemy of our state in the event of a threat of war.

Other troops of the RF Armed Forces (slides 42-44)

In the structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, there are 3 types of troops that are not included in the branches of the Armed Forces. They are very different from each other in terms of tasks, structure and features of combat use, but they have one thing in common - they all act in the interests of the Armed Forces as a whole and are capable of performing their tasks both in cooperation with other components of the Armed Forces and independently. This independence in the performance of tasks, the specificity of the tasks themselves, required their separation into special structures.

Strategic Rocket Forces. Today, the Strategic Missile Forces are the main component of the strategic nuclear forces; they are armed with intercontinental combat missile systems. various types and are designed to destroy important enemy targets in a nuclear war, destroy its strategic and other means of nuclear attack, defeat large groupings of the Armed Forces, violate state and military control, and disorganize the rear.

space troops - a fundamentally new type of troops, which is designed to ensure the security of Russia in outer space. The main tasks of the Space Forces are: bringing information to the top military and political leadership of the country about a missile attack, missile defense of Moscow, the creation, deployment, maintenance and control of an orbital group of spacecraft.

Airborne Troops(VDV) - a mobile branch of the military, designed to perform combat missions behind enemy lines, as well as to act as a reserve of the Supreme High Command. The Airborne Forces can be used to: seize administrative and political centers, industrial facilities, enemy aviation and fleet base areas, capture and hold crossings on water barriers, mountain passes and passages, destroy nuclear attack weapons, disrupt command and control of troops and the enemy’s rear, disrupt the formation and the transfer of his reserves.

Types of troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (slides 45-49)

The internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation are designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen from criminal and other unlawful encroachments. At the moment, the number of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation is determined in the amount of 199,800 people. The special forces of the explosives are 16 mobile units.

Railway Troops are intended for restoration, construction, operation and technical cover railways used to provide transportation in wartime.

Border troops are designed to protect state borders on land, seas, rivers and lakes, as well as the continental shelf of the Russian Federation and their natural resources. The leadership of the border troops is carried out by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation. In Russia, the origin of the border service dates back to the 14th-15th centuries. In connection with the frequent raids of nomads on the southern and southeastern outskirts of the Moscow principality, from the 60s of the XIV century, guard posts and villages began to be set up. In the 16th century, the serif features were revived, and later, the fortified border lines and the performance of the border service took on the form of a public service.

Civil defense troops in peacetime participate in the aftermath emergencies: natural disasters, epidemics, major accidents and catastrophes that endanger public health and require emergency rescue operations. In the event of the outbreak of hostilities or the introduction of martial law by the President of the Russian Federation on the territory of the country or in its individual regions, the activities of the civil defense troops are carried out in full.

Intermediate knowledge test:

Checking the correctness of filling in tables by students, correcting errors (orally)

"Check yourself" (slides 50-62)

Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
Troops involved in maintaining public order?
The branch of the armed forces responsible for the restoration, construction, operation of railways used to provide military transportation?
To whom are the Border Troops subordinated and for what purpose?
What are the types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
Formulate the main tasks solved by the Air Force?
What are the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
What branch of the RF Armed Forces does the flag belong to?
Who is directly in charge of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation?
What is the purpose of the Russian Ground Forces?
Name the branch of the armed forces subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation?

Homework: prepare a report on the exploits of sailors, pilots, border guards in wartime or peacetime.

The backbone of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, the national interests of Russia require the presence of sufficient military power for its defense. We are constantly reminded of this by the history of Russia — the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the trend in the development of the current military-political situation, are more than real.

The composition and organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the system of recruitment and management of them, military duty and will be discussed in this section.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They are a state military organization that constitutes the defense of the country.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense", the Armed Forces are designed to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to perform tasks in accordance with the international obligations of the Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces can also be involved in solving tasks not related to their main purpose, but affecting the national interests of Russia. These tasks can be:

participation together with internal troops and law enforcement in the fight against organized crime, in protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens;
ensuring the collective security of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
implementation of peacekeeping missions, both in the near and far abroad, etc.

These and others challenging tasks Russian troops decide in a certain composition and organizational structure (Fig. 2).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central bodies of military command, associations, formations, units, subunits and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops that are not included in the branches and branches of the armed forces.

To central authorities include the Department of Defense, General base, as well as a number of departments that are responsible for certain functions and are subordinate to certain deputies of the Minister of Defense or directly to the Minister of Defense. In addition, the High Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces are part of the central control bodies.

Type of Armed Forces- it's theirs component, which is distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform the assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). This is the Ground Forces. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of branches of service (forces), special troops and rear services.

Types of troops

Under kind of troops is understood as a part of the service of the Armed Forces, which differs in the main armament, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent types of troops. In the Armed Forces of Russia, these are the Strategic Missile Forces, the Space Forces and the Airborne Forces.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Associations- these are military formations, including several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. The formations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined-arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military establishments various kinds and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several subjects of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational association. Commanders of districts and fleets direct their troops (forces) through headquarters subordinate to them.

connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various types of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as units (subdivisions) of support and maintenance. Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other equivalent military formations. The word "connection" means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). Together, this is the division. However, in some cases, the brigade can also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which in itself has the status of a unit. The brigade headquarters in this case, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part- is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all types of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The concept of "part" most often means a regiment and a brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (military department, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food depot, district song and dance ensemble, garrison house of officers, garrison household complex service, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Parts can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, separate battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as separate companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, separate battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and the ships of the Navy - the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word "unit". The word comes from the concept of "division", "divide" - the part is divided into subdivisions.

To organizations include such structures for ensuring the vital activity of the Armed Forces, such as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest houses, camp sites, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces is designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintenance of their stocks, prepare and operate communications, ensure military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care to the wounded and sick, carry out sanitary and hygienic and veterinary measures and perform a number of other logistics tasks security. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, warehouses with stocks of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear guards and other units and subunits.

Quartering and arrangement of troops- the activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, quartering troops, creating conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of hostilities.

The troops that are not included in the types and types of troops of the Armed Forces include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops designed to protect the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve the problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the FSB of Russia.

Their tasks follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, the territorial sea, the continental shelf and the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of the state borders of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organization of the passage of persons, Vehicle, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal troops MIA Russia designed to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful encroachments.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: prevention and suppression of armed conflicts, actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal formations; compliance with the state of emergency; strengthening the protection of public order, where necessary; security normal functioning all state structures, legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of the most important tasks of the Internal Troops is to participate, together with the Armed Forces, in accordance with a single concept and plan, in the country's territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural values on the territory of the Russian Federation from the dangers arising from the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Emergencies Ministry.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense Troops are: participation in activities aimed at preventing emergency situations (ES); training the population in ways to protect themselves from the dangers arising from emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate the threats of emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural values from dangerous zones to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including in foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing it with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires resulting from emergencies.

In wartime, the Civil Defense troops solve tasks related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: the construction of shelters; carrying out activities for light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into the centers of destruction, zones of infection and pollution, catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintenance of order in areas affected by the conduct of military operations or as a result of these operations; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of the necessary communal facilities and other elements of the system for providing the population, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

Command and control system of the armed forces

The general leadership of the Armed Forces (and other military formations and bodies) of the Russian Federation is carried out Supreme Commander. According to the Constitution and the Law "On Defense" it is President of Russia.

exercising their powers. The President determines the main directions military policy of the Russian Federation, among which the problems of creating, strengthening and improving the military organization, the technical equipment of the Armed Forces, determining the prospects for the development of military equipment, and the mobilization capabilities of the state occupy the most important place. It approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, the concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, the plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the mobilization plan for the Armed Forces, which determines the procedure for the work of state authorities of Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local self-government and economy of the country in wartime. In the conditions of peace, the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation is being prepared and approved by the President, it is planned to create reserves material assets state and mobilization reserves. In addition, the President approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan.

The President of the Russian Federation approves federal state programs for armaments and the development of the defense industrial complex. The President of the country also approves plans for the deployment on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste. It also approves all programs of nuclear and other special tests.

Exercising direct control over the Armed Forces, he approves the structure and composition of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations up to and including unification, as well as the staffing of the military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The most important documents, such as general military regulations, provisions on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval flag, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, are approved by the President of the Russian Federation and are the laws of army and navy life.

Twice a year, the President issues decrees on, as well as on the dismissal from military service of military conscripts.

As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the country, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation on martial law, enacts and terminates normative legal acts of wartime, forms and abolishes bodies executive power for the period of wartime in accordance with the federal constitutional law on martial law. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation issues a Decree on the introduction of martial law. It can be introduced throughout the entire country or in certain areas that have been attacked, threatened by attack, or which are of particular importance for the defense of the country. By imposing martial law, the President gives special powers to public authorities, local governments and organizations. When martial law is introduced, special bodies of military administration may be created, the power of which extends to civilians. All bodies and officials are ordered to assist the military command in the use of the forces and means of the given territory for defense, security and order. Certain constitutional rights of citizens may be restricted (for example, freedom of assembly, demonstration, freedom of the press).

When martial law is introduced, the President of the Russian Federation immediately informs the Federation Council and the State Duma about this. The presidential decree on the introduction of martial law must be approved by the Federation Council.

The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal laws, has the right to decide on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in the performance of tasks using weapons not for their intended purpose.

The President of Russia forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Its main functions are the development of proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional order, state sovereignty, the territorial integrity of the country, participation, together with other bodies, in the development of the military policy of the Russian Federation.

Thus, in fulfilling his constitutional duties and the tasks entrusted to him by the Federal Law "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ensures the preparation of the country to repel possible aggression, manages all aspects of the process of maintaining the army and navy of Russia in a combat-ready state corresponding to country level.

Powers of the Federation Council and the State Duma in the field of defense

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the representative and legislative body is the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Constitution and the Law "On Defense" clearly define the powers of the Federal Assembly in the field of defense.

Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Federal Assembly and acts as a representative body of the subjects of the Federation. Its jurisdiction includes the approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons to perform tasks not for their intended purpose, resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside territory of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council considers defense spending established by the federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma, as well as those adopted by the State Duma federal laws in the field of defense.

The State Duma is a representative body of the entire population of the Russian Federation and consists of deputies elected by the citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

The State Duma considers defense spending established by federal laws on the federal budget; adopts federal laws in the field of defense, thereby regulating various aspects of the organization of defense and military development.

In addition to these powers, the Federation Council and the State Duma exercise parliamentary control in this area through their security and defense committees.

Government of the Russian Federation- one of the main bodies of state power in the Russian Federation. It heads the system of federal executive bodies.

In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation takes measures to ensure the defense of the country and its security. The content of the government's activities in this area is formulated in more detail in the Law of the Russian Federation "On Defense". According to this law, the government: develops and submits to State Duma proposals for defense spending in the federal budget; organizes the supply of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation with materiel, energy and other resources and services on their orders; organizes the development and implementation of state programs for armaments and the development of the defense industrial complex;

determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces; organizes the development of the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes and takes measures to implement this program; determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense; organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products, etc.

Direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Minister of Defense is the direct chief of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is personally responsible for the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to the ministry. On the most important issues of the life and activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, he issues orders and directives, and also puts into effect provisions, instructions, and other legal acts regulating various issues of life, life and activities of the troops. The Minister of Defense manages the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Russian Federation.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation participates in the preparation of proposals on issues of military policy and on the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, develops a concept for the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is preparing the Federal State Program for Armaments and the Development of Military Equipment, as well as proposals for the state defense order, for defense spending in the draft federal budget. Of great importance are the coordination and financing of works carried out for defense purposes; organizing scientific research, ordering and financing the production and purchase of weapons and military equipment, food, clothing and other property, material and other resources for the Armed Forces. The Ministry cooperates with the military departments of foreign states, and also exercises a number of other powers.

The main body of operational command and control of the troops and forces of the fleet of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is General base. It develops proposals for the military doctrine of Russia, the plan for the development of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and coordinates the development of proposals for the size of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The General Staff is also preparing a plan for the deployment and mobilization plan of the Armed Forces and a federal state program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes. It establishes quantitative norms for conscription for military service, military training, analyzes and coordinates the conduct of military registration activities in the country, prepares citizens for military service and their conscription for military service and military training. For the purposes of defense and security, the General Staff organizes intelligence activities, measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, etc.

The structure of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes a number of main and central departments that are in charge of certain functions and are subordinate to certain deputies of the minister of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the structure of the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense (MO) of the Russian Federation includes the High Commands of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation. Structurally, the High Command of the branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of the General Staff, directorates, departments and services. The Commander-in-Chief is at the head of the branch of the Armed Forces. He is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and reports directly to the Minister of Defense.

The military district administration includes: the headquarters of the military district, directorates, departments, services and other structural subdivisions. The military district is headed by the commander of the troops of the military district.

The management structure of a separate military unit and the main duties of its officials are determined by the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Types of the Armed Forces are components, each of which is distinguished by a certain type and set of weapons, quantitative composition, specialized training and features of service by the military included in its personnel. Each type of the Russian army is intended to carry out certain tasks in various fields.

Types of troops of the armed forces of the Russian Federation

The entire Army of the Russian Federation is built according to a clear hierarchy. The Russian armed forces are divided into three main types, depending on the area in which fighting:

Land;
Air Force (Air Force);
Navy (Navy);
Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN).

The structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is constantly developing and replenished with new types of weapons, military personnel are trained in new tactics and strategies for conducting combat.

The composition and purpose of the ground forces of the Russian Federation

The land units of the Russian Federation are the basis of the army and are the most numerous. The main purpose of this type is to conduct combat operations on land. The composition of these army units is also very diverse and includes several independent militarized areas.

One of the most important characteristics of this type is its independence and high maneuverability, which allows you to inflict significant damage to the enemy with the most effective and powerful blows. In addition, the uniqueness of the land army is that its units can effectively interact with other types of army units.

The main task assigned to them is to repulse the first blow of the enemy during the invasion, to consolidate in the recaptured positions and to attack enemy units.

In the ground forces, there are the following types:

Tasks of tank and motorized rifle units

These types of troops are most effective in battles, the purpose of which is to break through the enemy's defenses. Also, tank and motorized rifle battalions help other types of military units to gain a foothold on the conquered heights and lines.

At present, taking into account the state-of-the-art equipment of the Russian army, motorized rifle units are capable of repelling any type of air attacks, including nuclear ones. Technical equipment of our troops can deal a significant blow to the enemy army.

Rocket troops, artillery and air defense

The main task of this type of army units is to deliver fire and nuclear strikes against the enemy.

In most units designed to repel tank attacks, there are artillery units. They are equipped with the latest howitzers and cannons. Air defense units are engaged in the destruction of the enemy's air army directly in the air. Their units are already using anti-aircraft artillery and rockets. In addition, air defense units are designed to protect the ground army during enemy attacks from the air. And the radars available in service are effective for conducting reconnaissance activities and preventing possible enemy attacks.

VSN and ZAS

These units solve strategically important tasks, including intercepting and deciphering enemy communications during hostilities and obtaining data on enemy movement and attack patterns.

Tasks of the Airborne Forces and Engineering Troops

The Airborne Forces have always occupied a special place in the army. They include the best and most modern weapons: anti-aircraft missile systems, armored personnel carriers and airborne combat vehicles. Especially for this type of troops, a special technique was developed that allows using parachutes to lower various cargoes without taking into account the weather on almost any terrain.

The main tasks of the Airborne Forces are combat operations directly behind enemy lines. It is the Airborne Forces that are capable of destroying nuclear weapons, capturing and destroying the enemy's strategically important points, their command headquarters.

Engineering Troops carry out military intelligence activities on the ground, prepare it for military maneuvers and demining if necessary. Also, these troops mount crossings for the army to overcome rivers.

Russian Air Force

The Air Force is distinguished by its high level maneuverability and mobility. The main task of this type of troops is to protect the airspace of our country. Also, the Air Force is effectively used in ensuring the security of the industrial and economic centers of the country in the event of a military attack.

In addition, the Air Force effectively protects other types of army units from enemy air attacks and contributes to the successful conduct of ground and water operations.

The Air Force is equipped with combat helicopters, special and transport equipment, training and combat aircraft, anti-aircraft equipment.

The main types of the Air Force are:

army;
distant;
frontline;
transport.

Also in the Air Force there are radio engineering and anti-aircraft units.

Navy

The troops that make up the Navy are also very diverse and perform various tasks.

Subdivisions deployed on land, are responsible for the defense of objects and cities located on the coast. In addition, these units are responsible for the timely maintenance of naval bases and ships.

Ships, aircraft carriers and boats form the surface part of the fleet, which also has many functions: from searching for and destroying enemy submarines to delivering and landing landing units on the enemy coast.

The navy also has its own aviation, which is designed not only to deliver missile strikes and destroy enemy ships, but also to carry out reconnaissance and defense of the fleet.

This type was specially created for combat operations in the conditions of a nuclear attack. The Strategic Missile Forces are equipped with the most modern missile systems, which are fully automated and the shells fired from them have high precision hitting a target.

At the same time, the range of finding the target is not of great importance - the army even has intercontinental missiles at its disposal.

At present, with the development of the defense industry and the need that has arisen, a completely new one has been formed from this type of army units - the military space forces (VKS).

The country spares no expense for its own defenders. All of them are provided with a modern and convenient form, computer technology and means of communication. Now it is no longer difficult to contact relatives via Skype in their free time from outfits and service, or to see relatives in contact on WhatsApp. Each part has a sanitary unit where a soldier can always get high-quality medical care. The size of the Russian army is quite large, and this list includes many of the most experienced military leaders and talented strategists. Currently, being among the military has become prestigious and honorable.

Different units have their own official holiday date for the formation of their particular type of troops.

At present, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of three branches of the Armed Forces, three branches of service, Logistics Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the Quartering and Arrangement Service of the Ministry of Defense, railway troops and other troops that are not part of the branches of the Armed Forces.

Ground forces - a type of armed forces designed to conduct combat operations mainly on land. Most countries form the basis of their military power. The ground forces of the Russian Federation, in cooperation with other types of forces, are capable of conducting an offensive in order to defeat the enemy grouping and seize its territory, deliver fire strikes to a great depth, repel the invasion of the enemy, his large airborne assault forces, and hold the occupied territories, areas and lines. The ground forces of the Russian Federation include the types of troops: motorized rifle, tank, rocket troops and artillery, military air defense, army aviation; special troops, military units and logistics institutions. Ground troops.

The most numerous branch of the military, which forms the basis of the Ground Forces, the core of their battle formations. They are equipped with powerful weapons to destroy ground and air targets, missile systems, tanks, artillery and mortars, anti-tank guided missiles, anti-aircraft missile systems and installations, effective means intelligence and control. Motorized rifle troops

Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN) - a branch of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Designed for nuclear deterrence of possible aggression and destruction of strategic facilities that form the basis of the military and military-economic potential of the enemy. Created in They are armed with intercontinental combat missile systems of various types, equipped with nuclear weapons. The Strategic Missile Forces include stationary and mobile-based missile troops, as well as special troops (units and subunits of missile-technical, nuclear-technical, engineering, radiation, chemical and biological protection, communications, electronic warfare, geodetic, meteorological, security and intelligence), units and transport aviation and logistics units. The Strategic Missile Forces consist of missile armies and special forces. Strategic Rocket Forces.

Engineering Troops. Engineer Troops carry out the tasks of installing mine-explosive barriers, anti-personnel, anti-vehicle and anti-tank mines, creating non-explosive barriers, making passages in enemy mine-explosive barriers, neutralizing and destroying mines and land mines, participating in the construction of bridges, crossings, fortified positions, pillboxes, bunkers, construction of rock roads, laying paths for equipment and personnel in hard-to-reach places. In reconnaissance and sabotage groups, sappers may be assigned the tasks of mining or blowing up bridges, crossings, railway lines, missile launchers, communications facilities, as well as laying mines and land mines on the approach routes of enemy reserves and other tasks.

Air Force (VVS) - a type of armed forces designed to conduct reconnaissance of enemy groupings; ensuring the gain of dominance (in the air; protection from air strikes of important military-economic regions (objects) and groupings of troops; warning of an air attack; destruction of objects that form the basis of the enemy’s military potential; air support for ground forces and fleet forces; airborne landings transportation of troops and materiel by air.The main strike force of the Air Force of the Russian Federation are combat aircraft bombers, fighters and attack aircraft capable of delivering missile and bomb strikes against ground targets and effectively conducting air battles. After uniting with the troops. In peacetime, the Air Force guards the state border of the Russian Federation in the airspace. Air Force.

Space Forces - a branch of the armed forces designed to warn of a nuclear missile attack, communicate, and monitor the state of the space group. Created in 2001 by decision of the Security Council of the Russian Federation on the basis of associations and units for launching and controlling spacecraft of the Strategic Missile Forces, as well as the Rocket and Space Defense Forces. The tasks of the space forces include visual and electronic reconnaissance (in particular, the early receipt of data on the preparation of the armed forces of foreign states for an attack), the provision of space information to all branches of the armed forces and the leadership of the country. Space troops.

Airborne Troops (VDV) - a branch of ground forces designed to drop (land) from the air behind enemy lines and conduct combat operations. The Airborne Forces consist of parachute, tank, artillery, self-propelled artillery and other units and subunits. The Airborne Forces are the real combat power of our Great Motherland. Landing operations are fast, accurate and deadly for the enemy. The Airborne Forces have repeatedly proved their strength and their heroism in military conflicts in all parts of the world, including in our homeland. Airborne troops (VDV).

Navy - the naval forces (Navy), a branch of the armed forces designed to conduct combat operations in various areas of the oceans. Includes types of forces: surface and submarine forces, naval aviation, coastal missile and artillery troops, marines, air defense forces (Air Defense), logistics troops, etc. The Navy of the Russian Federation is designed to destroy enemy fleet groups at sea and at coastal bases, for delivering nuclear strikes against its ground targets, to fight on sea lanes, to assist ground forces in operations in continental theaters of operations, to land amphibious assaults, and also to repulse enemy landings. The Russian Navy is subdivided into strategic nuclear forces and general purpose forces. Organizationally, the Navy includes: the Northern, Baltic, Black Sea, Pacific Fleets, and the Caspian Flotilla. Navy

Modern Russian Armed Forces have three types: Navy, Air Force, Ground Forces. Land forces are troops whose main purpose is to defend and fight on land. The Ground Forces include such types of troops as: tank, motorized rifle, military air defense, artillery and missile troops, army aviation. It also includes rear services and military units. Also spec. troops: reconnaissance, engineering, electronic warfare, communications, radiation. Biological and chemical protection, technical support, security and automotive logistics.

Navy (FMF)- troops designed to protect, monitor security and fight in water spaces. The navy consists of the following branches of forces: marines, underwater, surface, coastal defense troops and naval aviation. It also includes ships and ships, units and subunits of the rear, special forces.

Air Force (Air Force)- troops designed to protect, control the country's airspace. Now, with the ability of aircraft to fly over the entire territory in a short time, these troops are becoming a very important link in our defense. The Air Force consists of the following branches of the armed forces: anti-aircraft missile troops, aviation, radio engineering troops, logistics institutions and special troops. Aviation has its own types of troops: assault, bomber, reconnaissance, air defense fighter aviation, special and transport.

In addition to types, troops in the Russian Federation are also divided into clans. On the this moment there are three more types of troops: Strategic Missile Forces, Space Forces, Airborne Forces.

Airborne Troops (VDV)- this is an effective branch of the armed forces, designed to capture the enemy by air and conduct combat operations behind enemy lines with an inconspicuous airlift. They consist of airborne divisions, brigades, separate units and institutions. The Airborne Troops are the elite of the Armed Forces.

Strategic Rocket Forces- These are troops designed to deter nuclear aggression and control the enemy's nuclear forces. They are responsible: firstly, for maintaining the combat readiness of the existing grouping of troops, the maximum extension of the service life of missile systems, secondly, for completing the development and deployment of modern missile systems at the required pace, and thirdly, for developing scientific and technological achievements in areas.

space troops- a branch of the armed forces intended to ensure the security of the Russian Federation in the space sphere. The main tasks set by the country's leadership for the Space Forces: firstly, to bring information about the warning of the country's top military-political leadership about a missile attack, secondly, the creation, deployment, maintenance and control of an orbital group of spacecraft for military and scientific purposes, thirdly , missile defense of Russian cities.

In all troops there is such a thing as "rear". The rear are institutions and organizations that serve the army in the field, but are outside the sphere of military operations. It includes the Logistics headquarters, several main and central directorates, services, as well as command and control bodies, troops and organizations of central subordination, rear structures and branches of the Armed Forces, military districts and fleets, associations, formations and military units. The rear allows you to coordinate the life and actions of people outside the war zone.