Do-it-yourself inventions of agricultural implements. Creative crafts for the household, made by hand

You have successfully entered the video of the youtube channel "Hands from Shoulders". The presenter just has a great portion of homemade ideas for household.

1. Everyone at least once had to beat oil paint off the wall. Not the most pleasant thing to do. If there are still similar works, great way facilitate this process. It is very easy to make such a blade. And the time saved is better spent on something more pleasant and useful. Now you do not have to scrape the wall with your own hands. Great idea for the household.

2. If there is no puncher, well, there is a grinder, then using a diamond cup, you can also do this work. Having made a casing with a nozzle for a vacuum cleaner, get rid of most of it. Without a casing, I will be so much that you can easily turn into a snowman.

3. When working with curved parts, it is often necessary to know their dimensions. Of course, you can attach a rope or wire. There is a better way. A homemade curvimeter will definitely tell you the length of the curved track. We twist the roller to the very handle. We draw the curvimeter along the line to be measured. At the same time, the roller will unscrew for a certain distance. Then it remains to take a tape measure and measure the distance until it is completely twisted.

4. Many people live in private houses or have dachas or kitchen gardens. There will come a hot time when you have to plant seedlings. In order not to crawl on the beds on all fours, there is a cool device. It is unlikely that you expected that tedious work can be done quickly and easily. The author claims that by this method, in order to facilitate the work of workers Agriculture you can plant up to 2000 bushes per day. If the seedlings are planted in large cups, or have already grown a lot, then an option with a shorter pipe will do.

Principle homemade device for planting cabbage: a pipe 100 mm, two triangular plates are welded from below, rolled up with a groove, one tightly, the second on a hinge, plus a leg with a return spring, at 30, 45 degrees. To the pipe is a support plate for adjusting the depth of planting. Bucket handles and ring. Some scrap metal and half a day of work.

5. When planting potatoes, there is also an interesting alternative to a shovel. This homemade design is even simpler than the previous one.

6. A curious idea for a clamp for drilling machine. It will allow you to securely fix the workpieces without resorting to a vice. Thanks to the lever, the necessary pressure is achieved to hold the parts.

7. Super compact version folding goat, homemade will definitely come in handy on the farm. The legs are connected to each other by springs.

Creative crafts for the household, made by hand

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Small-scale mechanization for household plots

1) Diagram of a device for collecting bee venom

4) Home-made mini-electric mills for producing coarse and fine flour, mixed fodder, peeling sunflower, grinding chalk, salt, grain waste, home-made grain grinder, etc.

5) Forage cutter - for chopping any grass, root crops, cobs and many others.

6) Powerful stationary wind farm - Will provide electricity to a house, estate, farm or summer cottage.

7) "Camping wind farm" - Compact, weighs only 1.5 kg, quickly disassembled and folded into a backpack. An indispensable thing for fishermen, tourists, etc.

8) "Portable power plant with a gasoline engine-generator" - Compact, gives a voltage of 220 and 380 volts. Application possibilities are unique

9) Super technology. Installation "BIOGAS9 — produces gas from waste and garbage. Will provide your house, apartment, cottage or homestead with free gas.

10) “BIOGAS9 - installations of the simplest type for obtaining biogas from household waste and manure. Plant for a rural house, daily processing 250 kg of household waste into the same amount of fertilizer and 12 cubic meters. biogas. The design of the methane tank is the main element of the biogas plant. Technological features obtaining biogas when using installations of various types in the conditions of household plots. Brochure.

11) Once again about biogas - it heats and cooks itself. Additional features.

12) "Water Generator" - a device for collecting moisture from the atmosphere. Productivity is 150 l. per day. With such a device, you can do without running water.

13) Description of the latest automated irrigation system suburban area and beds.

14) "Water supply of a personal plot or cottage" - mechanisms for drilling, drainage, methods for building concrete wells, automatic machines for supplying water and watering beds.

15) Designs of 10 types of home smokehouses (some can even be placed in the kitchen). Recipes for smoking and cooking boiled pork, rolls, sausages, servelat, salami, fish. Autoclaves for sterilization and preservation of any products, meat, vegetables, fruits.

16) multi-hull hive, hive-lounger for 16 and 20 frames, universal cassettes, methods of combating Warrow ticks, etc.

17) “Beekeeper9 - ways to get bee venom (expensive product, sold for currency)

19) “The ancient way of beekeeping”: How, having a plot outside the city, to provide yourself with honey, without spending money either on buying bees or on maintaining hives. Super profitable business.

20) Simple incubators and incubation modes for chickens, ducks, turkeys, guinea fowls and many others. birds. What chickens die from and how to avoid it. How to shorten the incubation period.

21) Multi-tiered mini-farm for rabbits - covers an area of ​​\u200b\u200bonly 1.4 square meters.

22) Quail mini-farm in the basement

Simple, but very useful devices that will come in handy on the farm.

Of course, someone thinks that in everyday life you can be content with a minimum, but when there are a lot of things that can make life easier and turn routine activities into pleasant chores, it’s so hard to deny yourself the pleasure of trying them out. And in our review 15 simple but very useful gadgets which will always come in handy on the farm.

1. Device for boiling eggs

A special steam machine designed for 4 eggs, which will quickly and easily boil them.

2. Extension socket

The outlet socket is attached to a long cord, which will allow you to conveniently use the vacuum cleaner or move around the apartment without interrupting charging.

3. Remote for finding things

This device will forever help you get rid of the painful search for small and necessary things, such as keys, TV remote control, phone and others. It consists of a remote control and several key fobs equipped with radio sensors.

4. Camping chair bag

This duffel bag easily converts into a fold out camping chair.

5. Rocking bed

A versatile piece of furniture that combines a high chair and a crib for a newborn. The design of this product allows it to swing slightly, which is sure to please the child.

6. Universal glass

A double-sided glass that can be used to drink beer and shots.

7. Cutting board-transformer

Cutting board designed for slicing vegetables, which allows you to easily drain excess liquid.

8.Phone holder

Hanging shelf-holder with convenient fastening.

9. Device for cutting watermelons and melons

A very simple and easy-to-use device that will easily allow you to cut a watermelon or melon into neat slices.

10 Taco Stand

A fun taco stand.

11. Spoon holder

This small spoon holder attaches to the pot, keeping surfaces clean in the kitchen.

12. "Bookcase" for the oven

The design of several metal shelves, allowing you to cook several dishes in the oven at the same time.

13. Cupcake knife

A small screwdriver knife that will allow you to make neat cuts in cupcakes for filling.

14. Crib

Compact cot for a baby, which consists of three walls and an attachment that can be attached to an adult bed.

15. Shoe hanger

This shoe mount will fit in any closet and get rid of bulky shoe boxes forever.

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Interesting homemade for giving and gardening with their own hands

Do-it-yourself drawings of homemade products for summer cottages and gardens will be useful to everyone. A dacha is the ultimate dream, if not of any average person, then of every second person for sure. Not everyone, of course, will be lucky enough to become the owner of a suburban area in their life, but those who are still lucky need to constantly monitor and ennoble it, which requires considerable costs. Do-it-yourself homemade products for summer cottages and gardens help to maintain your dacha in impeccable condition. Today we will tell you a few secrets on how to save money on buying the necessary things for a summer residence and make them at home. Of course, not everyone can do a grader with their own hands or self-propelled guns for a tractor, but most homemade products will definitely come in handy on the farm.

Do-it-yourself variator for a machine

If you need to constantly work behind the machine, then the frequent change in speed leads to wear on the unit and has the additional disadvantage of regularly stopping the machine. As an alternative, you can use a homemade variator for the machine. It can be made from wood with your own hands, without a significant investment of time and money. Variator cones are made of hardwood, and it is not necessary to use a lathe to make them, you can cut them with a jigsaw at an angle equal to the angle of the cone.

Scheme of the Mironov clinker variator.

If you will assemble a cone from disks, then they must then be glued or nailed. Ready-made cones are planted deep on metal rods, while they are attached with screws. In order for the belt to move evenly on the machine, roller guides are required. Rollers can be taken from furniture fittings, but if they are not available, ordinary bearings can be used.

An old washing machine is a real treasure

If there is a working engine from a washing machine, then this is a very valuable find, since many useful household appliances can be made from it. The easiest way is to make an excellent emery for sharpening knives, various tools and drills from the engine from the washing machine.

The main problem in the manufacture of fixtures is the fastening of the stone for sharpening on the engine housing itself. In most cases, the whetstone has a hole that does not fit the motor shaft. That is why you need to make a flange that, on the one hand, can be pressed onto the shaft, and on the other, will have a thread, which will allow you to screw in and secure the grinding wheel.

Image 1. Emery device from the engine of an old washing machine.

Experienced craftsmen recommend that beginners use old pipe cuts 32 mm and no more than 20 cm long as a flange. We make a thread on one piece of pipe, which should be 2 times the thickness of the grinding wheel in its length. The other end of the pipe is heated with a soldering iron and put on the shaft. To better hold the pipe, it can be bolted. After that, they take 3 nuts and screw them onto the flange from the side of the thread until they stop, then put on a washer and, finally, a grinding wheel, then again a washer, fix it with a nut. At the end, you can also add a locknut.

The hardest work is done, after that it remains just to fix the engine, but this is a very individual procedure, since it is not known what holes are on the engine from your washing machine for fasteners. Based on them, you need to make a stand, it is best to use small corners, fastening them together and placing emery on a workbench. The final step is to connect the engine to the mains. Look at ready-made version sharpeners you can in the photo, the drawings are also attached (image 1).

Image 2. Grill from the drum of a washing machine.

Homemade products for summer cottages can also be made from other parts of the machine, for example, an excellent barbecue can be made from a drum. The drum in washing machines is made of stainless steel, which is important in itself, since the body is very strong and reliable. It is very easy to make homemade products for giving from a drum, you just need to remove it from the body of the machine, but along with the shaft and pulley. We put the pulled-out drum with the hatch up, and with the wheel down. So the brazier is ready, with the help of a grinder, you can, of course, cut the front of the drum or side to make it more convenient to throw firewood, but it all depends on your free time and imagination. This makeshift brazier looks very neat, while the drum is littered with small holes, which allows air to be evenly distributed over the coals and provide the necessary heat (image 2).

Manual circular saw from grinder

Image 3. Device diagram circular saw.

Circular in the country - very useful thing, few people know, but you can make it from a grinder. You will have to complete only 2 elements: a sliding stop and an axial handle. After that, you can use your circular saw from the grinder at any time.

2 small pieces are suitable as a sliding stop metal corner. The edges of the corner are rounded so that they do not catch on the part during processing. The corners are interconnected at the back and front with bolts or nuts. On the body of the above power tool itself, you need to put on a clamp made of metal tape. To the screw tie of the clamp, which will be located below, a double-folded strip of tin or galvanized steel with a hole for the rear bolt of the sliding stop is attached.

In the gearbox of the grinder, we make 4 small holes for the M5 bolts. For convenience, the gearbox can be disassembled first to better see where the hole can be made. These 4 holes are needed in order to attach the handle. The handle can be made from an ordinary metal tube. On this manual version grinder saw is finished, if you want to make a real stationary version of a circular saw, then you will need more skills in work, tools and well-calculated drawings (image 3).

Agricultural equipment and devices

Agricultural machinery is a very important tool in the country, without which no owner can do. Agricultural machinery today costs a lot, and you don’t really want to spend a lot of money on a thing that is rarely used, but you can’t do without it. One of the most popular devices is a wheelbarrow, it can be made from improvised means, thereby saving a lot of money. To make it you need:

Image 4. Drawings of a homemade cart.

• wheel, preferably made of rubber;
• plywood;
• 2 corners;
• wooden block, 3 m long;
• nuts and an axle from a bolt.

The technique for making this tool for giving is very simple and will be clear even to a novice master, the main thing here is to measure everything clearly, because if you do it by eye, it will turn out crooked. Wheelbarrow drawings are attached (image 4).

No less popular tool for a summer cottage, which in winter time will help get rid of snow, that is, a shovel can also be made from plywood. You will need:

• plywood 10-12 mm thick;
• wooden handle;
• nails;
• steel plate 4-6 cm wide.

Plywood will serve as a shovel bucket, and the timber will allow you to hold the handle. The front and back of the plywood are edged with metal - the future bucket.

A rake is often required to process the garden. To make them, you will need a wooden block 35 by 35 mm. The length of the handle can be cracked at your discretion, but it is not recommended to make it too long, as it will be difficult to use it. In addition to the bar and handle, you need to make at least 4 metal teeth. Metal must be taken durable so that it does not bend to the ground during operation. You can use metal from an old shovel, cut teeth with a grinder. The teeth are leveled with a hammer and holes are drilled for the screws. Then the structure is fixed.

Video about making a do-it-yourself cart:

Garden sprinkler design

Homemade agricultural equipment also includes garden sprinklers, which can be made almost from the waste that everyone has in the house. To irrigate your garden you will need:

• spray;
• rubber hose 3-4 m long;
• plastic one and a half liter bottle;
• pump;
• wooden or metal stick of any length, but the longer the better.

The sprayer is screwed to the top of the stick with a nozzle so that the lever is pressed with the help of nylon threads. Tape firmly so that the sprayer does not move. After that, we take a plastic bottle and use a hot nail to melt a hole in the neck. Then we push the bolt into the melted hole and fix it with a nut from the outside.

Before inserting the bolt, drill a through hole in it with a simple 3 mm metal drill. The hose is put on a bolt and secured with a small clamp using a screwdriver. We attach the second end of the hose to the pump and again fix it with a clamp so that everything is airtight.

Poison is collected in the bottle for spraying beetles or water for watering the crop. Screw the container to the top of the spray gun, which is attached to a stick. Next, with the nozzle closed, we pump up the pump a little, after that we unwind the nozzle, and the sprayer starts working. In this way, you can spray trees of any height and large beds, if necessary, you can simply put the device on the ground and pump up the pump from time to time.

You can even make small greenhouses from a film in the country, you only need to drive a metal rod or stick into the ground and fix a plastic film in the form of a cone on the base.

Video about the system drip irrigation with a plastic bottle:

From below, the film is fixed in a circle from old barrel or set with stones.

Conclusion on the topic

Now you know how to make expensive tools for a summer cottage without a significant investment of money, time and nerves. The main thing is not what you use to improve your site, but the fact that you should like the work and stay in the country should bring joy.

Additional articles

Homemade products for the household will help to make the house cozier and more comfortable. Handmade fixtures, decorating old household items will give a second life to things, which will significantly save the budget. It will also decorate the environment, make the interior more creative. Some homemade products for the household will visually increase the space, create comfort.

Folding armchair

It is not always financially possible to purchase some furniture in a store. You can successfully get out of this situation if you make crafts with your own hands. For example, it is enough just to make from and

The folding part (legs of the chair) is attached with hinges or mounted on a metal pin, which is fixed from the edges with nuts. The tarpaulin is cut into two rectangles, in which grooves for bars are sewn on the sides. The side parts of the top of the chair (back frame with armrests) are made in the form of the letter "L". They are connected with bolts or screws. It should be remembered that the folding lower part must be fixed in the working position. Therefore, not far from the connecting pin on the legs of the chair, you need to attach a metal hook - it will securely close this structure.

Who cooks porridge in a little house, gathers guests

Craftsmen familiar with a saw and a drill can even small apartment make a children's room. To do this, you need to build something like a screen with doors and windows from plywood or other fairly light material. The corner joints of the slabs will imitate the corners of the house. Having painted a homemade screen in an appropriate way, the master will turn it into a miniature children's house.

You just need to make sure that this screen can be firmly attached to the walls. After all, the safety of children is paramount! And inside, a children's table, a crib, and a box with toys will fit quite well.

And you can even sew. For such walls, any bright fabric that can simply be hung on a rope, wire or a solid cornice is quite suitable.

Knitted furniture

Today it has become extremely fashionable to make benches. Use such homemade products for the household, storing inside various items: toys, bedding, pots, cereals. They can be placed in the kitchen, in the nursery or in the living room. They are also very convenient for relaxing both in a city apartment and in the country.

To make furniture with storage boxes, you must first make a frame for it. The bench consists of a rectangular box fixed on legs. The soft part is knitted in the form of a rectangular parallelogram without one base and put on the lid. An elastic band can be inserted into the lower part so that the elegant “upholstery” is pulled together at the bottom of the bench.

The pouf can be given both a square and a cylindrical shape. To do this, vertical racks are stuffed around the circumference of the lower wooden base, which are then connected on top with thick wire. Plywood shields are stuffed between the racks so that things do not fall out of the “storage”.

Separately cut out the upper round base. The soft part is knitted in the form of a cylinder, fixed on the upper part of the pouffe. It is put on top of the pouf like a hatbox lid.

Using used clothes in homemade products

who has a collection useful tips for a household, must necessarily make the following entry in it: “Do not throw away a thing before you are convinced of its complete dilapidation. Try to give every item a second life!”

From old clothes, for example, you can knit or weave creative upholstery. Unnecessary tights are widely used, which are cut into a spiral, slightly stretched to twist the strip into a tube. You can use other material, also cutting it into strips and sewing them together. “Yarn” is wound into a ball, from which they are then knitted with fingers or woven into a fabric.

Knitting without knitting needles repeats the algorithm of ordinary knitting. Only the loops are held directly on the fingers. Yes, and pulling the thread is also done by them.

For weaving, you can use a frame, along the edges of which nails are stuffed. The thread is first laid crosswise, clasping symmetrically located nails. They should all cross at one point in the middle of the frame. Then, the end of the thread from the material is tied to the center and the canvas begins to be shaped in a round way by weaving.

And the old refrigerator - in business

As a homemade product for the household, you can use large household appliances that have expired. And then, instead of the dreary pulling out of the washing machine or refrigerator in the trash, a creative necessary thing may appear in the house. It will be both beautiful and useful.

There has long been a technique for converting refrigerators into incubators. However, such a thing is required only for those who are engaged in poultry farming and live in countryside. But such original home-made products for home and summer cottages from refrigerators, like chests tied with fabric threads, will decorate the home and allow you to hide many useful gizmos in them.

For the manufacture of this piece of furniture, you need to remove the motor of the device. If you now put the refrigerator with the door up, then the frame of the chest is almost ready. It remains only to tie the cape and sew a foam pad on its upper part, cutting a hole in it where the handle will hide.

The cape must be made in the form of a rectangular parallelogram without a lower base. To make it easier to use the chest, you can sew a “lightning” lock into the side.

It's about painting - everything will be like in a fairy tale

Non-working refrigerators are also easily converted into lockers. One has only to conjure over their decor. You can make a creative piece of furniture in a cartoon style for a nursery or a fantasy one for a hallway, in an antique one for a living room or in a musical one for an office. It all depends on the imagination of the master.

Although a working refrigerator will become more creative if you paint it or stick an original film sticker on the casing. This will also protect the surface of the unit from scratches and corrosion.

Kitchen appliances decor

You can simply decorate not-so-new household items with stickers, appliqué, or draw pictures on the skin with paints for metal surfaces. The thing will again please the eye and sparkle with fresh colors. In just a few hours, you can completely change the look of the kitchen, without even making homemade products for the household from scratch.

microwave ovens, washing machines, cabinets and pencil cases are decorated with both pictures-drawings and voluminous decorations are glued on them.

Each person, having applied his skillful hands, can create unique and even luxurious items for his home. It just takes a little thought and effort.

Homemade agricultural machinery is very popular with farmers in Russia. Such designs are much cheaper than factory ones. And the flight of the creative imagination of the masters is not limited by anything. It turns out quite interesting developments used in agriculture.

Homemade agricultural machinery from a walk-behind tractor

Many farmers are familiar with the advantages of a conventional walk-behind tractor used in the household. Moto designs usually run on gasoline or diesel engines. The presence of wheels allows you to perform many tasks. As a result, part of the land work is facilitated for the farmer. In what designs is a walk-behind tractor used?

If a farmer knows how to use a bench tool, a walk-behind tractor in his hands can turn into a useful unit. It can be used for:

• plowing the land;
• snow removal;
• transportation of bulk materials;
• lawn mowing;
• planting and harvesting potatoes;
• as a plow.

All structures from a walk-behind tractor can be divided into two groups. In the first case, use attachments, in the second, the walk-behind tractor is being overhauled.

Capital reconstruction of the motoblock

If you show perseverance and imagination, you can make unique home-made agricultural machinery. The main types of units obtained from a walk-behind tractor:

• Trailer. This device is based on the creation of an additional trailer structure. It is important to take into account the shift in the center of gravity, which will move back. You also need to expand the front axle.
• All-terrain vehicle. The walk-behind tractor is mounted on a 4-wheel frame. The finished design will resemble an ATV or a tractor. It turns out excellent home-made agricultural machinery for farmers. It is flexible and very functional.

• Hay baler. Almost all farmers build a hay pick-up from a walk-behind tractor. The design is a welded frame made of pipes, which are mounted on a plate and installed back. Two wheels are attached to the front. It turns out something like a mini-tractor.
• Snowmobile. If caterpillars are installed on the motorcycle structure, it will make an excellent transport for movement in snowy winters.

Homemade potato digger

The potato digger is mounted on a tractor. During the movement, the knives cut the ground and collect potato tubers. During vibration, excess earth is shaken off the potato. Clean tubers are thrown into the aisles, where they are harvested by hand. Homemade agricultural machinery represents many variations of this device. Working on this unit, the master can determine the thickness of the iron structures and their strength. The basis is the frame, which is welded from the corners and the channel. A plowshare is made from iron plates, which is attached to the elevator casing.

The elevator is given a slight slope. Rotating shafts and a drum, a transport and supporting part, are being prepared. The design is quite complex, so it cannot be made without special technical skills. And at a cost such a device will not be cheap.

Do-it-yourself homemade agricultural machinery - good idea for advanced masters with special skills. If there are no such abilities, the farmer can choose any units in the store.

Standard garden tool and its modification. So far, all work in the garden and in the garden is done manually. And the tool produced by the industry leaves much to be desired.

And yet - what is included in the standard set? First of all, of course, shovels. They serve as the main tool for digging the soil, digging holes and trenches, loading and unloading bulk, viscous and other materials. It is better to have a complete set of shovels, ranging from bayonet or shovel to shovel or scoop. But they can be upgraded (Fig. 18). Modernized shovels are not only convenient and reliable in operation, but also versatile. Equally necessary in gardening are pitchforks, both ordinary, for four bayonets, and of a different configuration: straight, curved, curly, for three and two horns. Some of them are good for working with tops and foliage, others with compost, others replace a shovel when digging (Fig. 19).

On heavy soils, you can not do without a hoe. Existing hoes produce three types, but they differ little from each other. They also need to be modernized, adapted to their working conditions: weighted, lightened, re-sharpened. Samples of regular and upgraded hoes you will see in the pictures. The same applies to weeders or hoes. The best of them are loopback with lateral and frontal sharpening, there are special types designed to combat particularly stubborn weeds that have branched root systems, massive trunks and shoots (Fig. 17).

Rippers, cultivators and rakes of existing modifications in most cases are not very suitable for horticulture and horticulture, especially when the site is just being developed and you have to deal not only with the fallow, but also with stones, unnecessary plantings, pits and potholes. All of these tools can be modified. Mainly in the direction of their strength and reliability. Particular attention should be paid to the cuttings and handles of the tool, their length and weight. Along with miniature tools, the household must also have massive ones suitable for uprooting, crushing and flat-cutting work. It’s good if a gardener or gardener adds a tool of his own making to a standard store set.

Grubber. Those who have had to deal with this thankless task will appreciate the proposed tool. The rooter is a piece of a water pipe 1.5 m long, to the end of which a blade from an aircraft turbine or an old chisel measuring 150x70 mm is welded. The blade must be sharpened as sharp as possible. When uprooting large trees and shrubs, sand is poured into the pipe to weight the tool and a wooden cork is clogged. The rooter is deepened at an angle of 45 ° to the rhizome and with a strong blow cuts it (Fig. 20).

Correctly fitted tool. All types of tool mounts can be unreliable if not monitored. Trouble happens at the most inopportune moment and often leads to injury. To avoid this, three rules must be observed: before work soak the planted tool in water - swollen wood “holds” the tool more securely, all types of fasteners should not be loose, let alone twist or fall out; the tool must be well sharpened, freed from burrs and gouges. A cracked tool cannot be worked at all!

Hammers and axes, sledgehammers and ketmen are impaled with blades. It is more reliable to put them not directly, as is often done, but at an angle of 45 o, which allows you to fix the handle or ax around the entire perimeter of the nozzle (Fig. 20).

The nozzles of shovels, rakes, pitchforks also leave much to be desired - they are usually fixed with a nail or screw; which is completely unreliable, although there is a known method of lining with subsequent folding of its ends (Fig. 20).

And the last. All tools are planted with a blow on the back of the handle, ax handle or handle. Other types of nozzles are ineffective, leading to deformation of the instrument itself and injuries.

Tool sharpening. All tools require mandatory sharpening, and this is not as simple as it might seem. Firstly, the tools have different sharpening angles. If for a saw it can be 37 °, for an ax 33-35 e, then for a knife - 6-8 °, and for a drill, for example, 90-120 °, for a planer knife - 45 o, and for an awl - 1- 0.5°! There are templates for sharpening many tools, some of them you can make yourself so as not to be mistaken - nothing is done “by eye”!

Sharpening angle - the angle of attack of the tool. Sharpen the ax already, it will get stuck in the tree, and the cutting edge of the scissors will wrinkle, the drill or chisel will simply break off. The diagram shows the sharpening angles of some types of tools, as well as the simplest templates.

One tool can be sharpened by another. Most often - with a sharpener or emery stone, but often with files. For this, there are trihedral and flat files. They also sharpen saws. It is necessary to use protective devices when sharpening saws, as shown in the figure, and also to have a set for the teeth - even a very well sharpened, but not set saw will not cut. There are no wires and crosses for sale, so you will have to make them yourself (Fig. 21). The saw teeth are bent to the desired angle by setting, and the bending angle is checked with a cross.

When sharpening, the tool, as a rule, heats up, which can disrupt its hardening. The strength of the tool and performance depend on hardening. The tool can be tempered by yourself. To do this, it is enough to heat it up to a cherry glow and lower it into water. There are other types of hardening. To drill glass, for example, the drill is hardened in sealing wax.

Requires attention measuring tool. Especially for those who are engaged in construction or love to craft. The simplest metric measures are publicly available (rulers, folding rules, tape measures), and we will not dwell on them. The situation is more complicated with level meters: plumb lines, spirit levels, temperature and barometric sensors.

The simplest viewer of the vertical is a plumb line. It is a bullet-shaped piece of metal suspended on a strong thread, by the deviation of which from the wall or part of the structure, verticality is determined. A plumb line is easy to make yourself (Fig. 20).

Levels are the measure of horizontality. They can be replaced with simple devices. Here is one of them - a spirit level in the form of an isosceles triangle, at the top of which the same plumb line is fixed (Fig. 20). Two pipettes inserted into a flexible rubber tube filled with water or any colored liquid can also serve as a primitive level (Fig. 20). DIY level we have already considered.

Thermometers (alcohol and mercury) are widely used. They can be used instead of barometers, frost predictors. To do this, it is enough to place a tank with alcohol or mercury in a capsule with soaked cotton wool. The figure shows not only the use of a thermometer in this role, but also shows the calculation table of frosts, to which it is attached.

A dry spruce branch, fixed at one end to the wall, where a diagram is drawn from zero to “dry”, “wet” can also be a primitive barometer. When it rains, the branch bends, as in dry weather (Fig. 20).

Devices, devices, structures. The need for auto-grabs is obvious. There are several types of grippers, but they are based on the principle of a multi-link kinematic chain driven by a slider moving along the guide (Fig. 23, 24). The autogrip is a part of the lifting and transport mechanism and is unthinkable without the use of blocks, levers and other devices that perform these functions.

lifting devices. The simplest of them are the lever and rocker used in the construction of wells, as well as temporary structures in the construction of facilities on the site. More complex lifting devices are blocks with ropes and tackles. If they are equipped with platforms and guides, then primitive elevators can be designed to supply water to a water tank, Summer shower(Fig. 24) Winches can also serve the same purpose if the rope is passed through a block or roller.

Pumps and pumps. These water supply devices can be purchased at a store or made by yourself. The pump is a single-cylinder or two-cylinder pump with a rocker arm and a manual drive (Fig. 25) Pumps are usually equipped with a motor and operate on a centrifugal or vacuum principle

Here are some of the pumps manufactured by industry and intended for use in the garden: VS-0.5 / 18M, Druzhok, NEB 1/20, Strumok, Malysh, Kama-5, Agidsl, TsNB -2, "Rodnik", BKF-4. All the necessary characteristics of them are indicated in the instructions attached to the products.

Pulling mechanism. Its use is also ambiguous: tensioning wire and ropes, installing pipes and fences, strengthening roof rafters. The device is not particularly complex, you can do it yourself. The mechanism itself is, as can be seen in the figure, a lever system with a lock. It is quite stiff, but it can be softened with spacers or a spring if necessary.

Wedge lock. The device is also quite simple to make and does the same tightening job when you need to fit parts tightly: for example, boards when laying a floor.

"Cobra" for picking berries. Anyone who collected sea buckthorn knows how difficult it is. But picking berries is not only difficult for sea buckthorn. The task is simplified by a "cobra", or a comb for picking berries (Fig. 22). It is not difficult to make a device, and it will give a considerable effect.

Self-clamping when lifting a load. Their difference from self-captures is that they work at the time of the work. In addition, the larger the load they take, the stronger they hold it. In the figure you see several options for self-capturing systems.

Fruit pickers. When harvesting apples and pears, you often have to use a stepladder. If you make a fruit picker (Fig. 22), then there will be no need for this - with a stick length of 1.5-2 m, you can even reach the top tall tree. In addition, the removed fruit will not fall to the ground.

There is another version of the fruit picker - from a tin can with a diameter of 10 cm, in the top cover of which teeth are cut. The jar is attached to a stick or aluminum tube. The fruit picker is convenient for picking cherries, plums, raspberries: the stalks of berries enter the cuts of the lid. After emptying the jar, the harvester is put into action again - and no damage, especially loss of crop!

Folding shovel. It is comfortable and easily transforms into another garden tools- it all depends on the angle at which you fix its bayonet (Fig. 20).

Trowel scoop. If a rim is welded to an ordinary trowel (spatula for applying mortar), as shown in the figure, it will turn out new tool. The trowel scoop does not lose the solution, takes more of it and better protects the seams.

A disposable spray gun can be made from two used ballpoint pen refills by connecting them with wire, as shown in the figure.

Feather cutters. Good wood cutters can be made from stationery nibs by inserting them with the writing side into a metal tube and locking them with a wedge-shaped sleeve. Sharpen the tail of the pen and give the necessary shape. A wooden handle or a bottle from a gas cartridge can be put on the tube.

Tips, ideas, recipes. The tool must always have its place. For example, on the inside of any cabinet door, it is not difficult to nail a rail with slots for pliers, screwdrivers, and a hammer.

A handy file for processing wood (end cuts) can be made from an old bastard file. To do this, it must be released (heated and allowed to cool in air), bend the ends, saw off under the handle and harden again. The resulting bracket will be the desired tool. Now it remains only to put the handle

A convenient device for carrying firewood can be made from several rails, a thick nylon cord and two pieces of wire. Three holes are drilled in each rail, a cord is passed through them and each rail is fixed with knots. On the two extreme rails fixed

yut wire handles to put on rubber tubes. Having laid a bundle of firewood on the device, they tie the free ends of the cords in pairs and that's it - the luggage is ready.

From handwheel faucet it turns out a good brass hammer for small jobs. It is only necessary to drill a hole, making it oval, and put the handwheel on the handle

A cutter for boring holes in wood and plastic can be made from a pencil sharpener. It is fixed in the drill chuck.

Sandpaper is most conveniently cut with a nail on the wrong side of the sheet. The edge is even.

From a fragment of a hacksaw blade, you can make a convenient knife for stripping wires. To do this, the canvas must be released, drill a hole in it, make a segmental cutout and sharpen the edges of the cutout. After that, harden the canvas again, and wrap the rest with insulating tape.

A hole in glass can be drilled not only with a drill hardened in sealing wax, but also with an ordinary one, using a solution of aluminum alum in acetic acid as a cooling and wetting liquid. A plasticine roller is made around the future hole, where the liquid is poured.

A torn children's ball can protect hands when working with clippers. To do this, cut a hole in the middle of the ball and put it on a ladle as a tool

For cutting fine threads in metal, it is best to use a brace, clamping a tap into its chuck

If there are no metal scissors at hand, a sheet of roofing iron can be quickly and accurately cut with a can opener. To do this, the sheet must be bent along the cut line and tapped with a mallet.

An anvil for small work can be made from an old iron by fixing its handle in a wooden block

Siphon refill bottles make good handles for needle files and other small tools. For large tools, plastic bottles for shampoos and other chemicals are suitable if they are pre-filled with liquid cement, gypsum or bustilate with sawdust.

If there was no large drill for scolding, a hole of the desired size can be drilled with three thin ones, clamped in a drill chuck and fastened with several turns of wire.

For cutting grooves, spikes, slats on a hacksaw, instead of one, you need to insert two blades. Adjust the width of the cutout by the distance between the blades and the thickness of the washer or spacer between them.

So that the earth does not stick to the shovel, it is necessary to drill several holes throughout its entire canvas.

Instead of a thin drill, you can adapt a thin needle by first sharpening its end from the eye side.

A cork from fruit water, nailed to the end of the handle of the chisel, will reliably insure it from splitting.

It is convenient to wrap the handles of hand tools (nippers, pliers) with a vinyl chloride tube. To do this, the tube is lowered into acetone for 15 minutes, and when it swells, they are put on the handles. Once dry, the PVC adheres tightly to the metal.

From an arched leg from a clamshell, in a few minutes you can make a machine for a bow saw. A 70 cm long canvas is inserted into the slots at the ends of the tube and secured with nail pins. It turns out a light and productive saw, which can be used by one or two people.

In order for the cross saw to be used alone, it is enough to rearrange the handle from top to bottom, and grease the blade with soap.

Instead of a tap, you can use a steel bolt by sawing three edges on it and hardening it.

To strengthen the fired drill in the drill chuck, you can use a collet pencil.

If the pliers are too tight to open, they can be facilitated by drilling a hole in the center of the tool axis with a diameter of 0.5-0.7 mm from the diameter of its axis.

By bending the stainless steel grip, you can easily take pickles out of jars and eggs out of pots of boiling water. The gripper is a loop bent at the shredding angle.

Painting hard-to-reach places will be facilitated by a pipe bent at an angle, into which a brush is inserted. A pipe from a folding bed will do, you don’t need to bend it - just cut off the excess with a hacksaw.

You can't drill through stainless steel without cunning! And all you need for a drill is a lubricant from a mixture of machine oil and a small amount of sulfur. Even better if sulfur is mixed with fatty acids. They can be obtained by dissolving low-grade laundry soap in water and add technical hydrochloric acid there, which causes the oil to float. Now you need to cool the water and extract the desired product. Fatty acid mixed with sulfur in a ratio of 6:1 (by weight).

The efficiency of an abrasive tool can be increased if a solution is made into the coolant washing powder(a teaspoon per liter of water).

If the saw squeaks, gets stuck and cuts poorly, do not rush to sharpen the net. Wipe your teeth with soap. This tip will also help you if the saw does not pick up damp or resinous wood well.

Scissors cut better if they are lightly greased with wax or paraffin.

Mechanisms and structures. Although minitractors and walk-behind tractors are still a rarity in our gardens and orchards, their production has been mastered by industry, and there will be more and more machines every year. M-5 and M-1, for example, are produced with the necessary set of mounted and trailed working bodies that carry out plowing, harrowing, cultivating the soil, digging planting holes, inter-row cultivation, mowing grass, transporting goods, watering, crushing fodder, drilling wells and others. work, completely replacing manual labor Location on.

But these works are also performed by separate mechanisms, many of which are easy to do with your own hands.

Vehicles. To their usual set - a stretcher, a wheelbarrow, a cart, a sled - you can add a scooter barrel and a cable car. But it is easy to re-equip a wheelbarrow, a cart, and a sled, to make them more convenient and foldable (Fig. 27, 28).

A 200L scooter barrel is convenient for delivering water. It is only necessary to strengthen it by applying additional hoops that act as rims, they can even be made rubber by putting on old bicycle tires, and, having centered, weld bushings with ball bearings. It is on them that the handle-handrail is fixed (Fig. 28).

The suspension cable car is convenient because it is easy to mount and remove. It is usually installed in the middle of the site, where all types of work are concentrated, including the autumn harvest. The cable car also performs other types of transport work, as can be seen from the drawings.

Irrigation and sprinkling systems. Watering a garden or garden, even with a properly functioning irrigation water supply, is not an easy and rather laborious task. Everything can be simplified by equipping an irrigation and sprinkler installation of both a ground type and a suspended one (Fig. 26). It is even made mobile or portable. True, this will require a complete set of hoses, connecting and shutoff valves, which are always in short supply ... It is better to limit yourself to a more modest set: a supply hose, a tee and a piece of a 1.5-2 m watering hose with holes pre-burned with a red-hot awl (Fig. 28 ).

Pipe connections are the most difficult for a gardener. Existing locks are unreliable, quickly fail. We offer a number of connections that are simple in design and tested in practice: a pneumatic lock, a cap lock, a spherical joint (Fig. 30).

A curious machine was invented by William Ozolin for watering garden plots. The device is quite simple: a clock with a weekly winding, a 9-12 V step-down transformer, a relay, a rectifier and an electric pump. The hour hand crawls onto the copper contact attached to any figure on the clock, closes the power supply circuit of the electric pump - the water supply to the site begins. The arrow slipped off the contact - the water supply stops.

Watering time is easy to adjust by lengthening or shortening this contact.

Mechanized weeding. Weed control on the site is a constant concern of the gardener and gardener. Weeding by hand is difficult and time-consuming, even with the use of a tool. But craftsmen have long and quite successfully mechanized this type of work.

In the figure you see a small, easy-to-use cultivator with interchangeable tools - a lancet paw, a tooth ripper and a hiller (Fig. 29)

There are other solutions, articulated and rotary harrows, peg unit All of them can be mounted on carts designed according to the principle described above

Vegetable seeder. It is not difficult to do it yourself, and it will greatly facilitate the work, not to mention the fact that it will speed up sowing and carry it out efficiently. The figure shows all the main components of such a seeder, and a brief description explains them (Fig. 31)

However, you can do without a seeder at all. It is enough to nail a bar 80 mm wide onto a stick and push through the pound prepared for sowing to the desired depth. Seeds lie evenly on the compacted litter, which guarantees good and friendly germination.

Potato sorting. The sorting of potatoes will be facilitated and accelerated by a sorting table from a low wooden box, installed with a slight slope (about 22 e) on low goats. The length of the box is 150 cm, width 75, height 25 cm. The bottom is slatted, made of narrow longitudinal wooden slats or metal bars. In the first half of the box, the gap between the slats is 3-4 cm, and in the second half - 6-7.

The potatoes, rolling down the grate, are sorted, falling into the gaps corresponding to the size of the tubers, and fall into pre-placed bags or baskets. At the same time, diseased and damaged tubers, stones, remains of tops and soil are selected (Fig. 32).

Potato sorting is done from any improvised material. Suitable for goats as old water pipes, and poles.

Sprayer. Efficient plumbing sprayer for the garden and vegetable garden is easy to make. A brass or copper tube of suitable diameter is slightly expanded on one side. On the other hand, a sprayer made of a thick lead plate is soldered to the tube. A recess is knocked out on it with a ball bearing of a suitable diameter. Then, a hemisphere is stamped out of annealed brass or copper with a thickness of about 0.5 mm, which is cut so that it fits snugly into the tube. Holes in the sprayer are made in two steps. First, with a 1 mm drill, 36-40 holes are drilled half the thickness of the metal, placing them in a checkerboard pattern or in a spiral pattern, then small holes are pushed through with a needle (Fig. 32).

The sprinkler can also be made from 2 mm aluminum according to the pattern shown in the figure (dimensions in cm). A clamp is put on the end of the hose, the sprinkler itself is pivotally attached to it with a common bolt. The second bolt serves as the axis of the spring, the compression of which regulates the width and range of spraying during irrigation (Fig. 32)

Rain water supply. It makes sense to build it in a garage, poultry house, greenhouse. It is based on a rain catchment from the roof, which enters the tank, equipped with a tap and an overflow pipe (Fig. 33). It is advisable to put a strainer in the funnel of the tank.

Rainwater is good for irrigation, but if it is combined with a solar generator, then such a drive can work to heat the same chicken coop or rabbitry in automatic mode.

A solar generator can be made from a freon condenser from a failed home refrigerator - a black metal panel on the back of the refrigerator. The ends of its tubes only need to be connected to a tank of water. The condenser facing the sun actively absorbs heat and provides convection of water, heating it (Fig. 33).

You can do it even easier by painting the water tank with black paint and closing it with a transparent cap made of glazed frames or a film stretched over a frame, or plexiglass. Then neither rain nor wind will interfere with the heating of the tank by the sun (Fig. 33).

Ingenuity in the construction of a house and outbuildings. When laying the ceiling and especially the roof, the question always arises with the supply of material upstairs. The block, of course, can be put. Even build a lifting platform. But how to feed boards, slats, rolls, sheets? One, two? Package? And how to link the package so that it does not crumble on your head?

The problem is solved by the bracket for tightening the packaged cargo, which you see in the figure. Its device is simple, reliability is guaranteed. Connected in pairs, such staples will be pulled together, any package!

Nail to nail discord! It would seem, what is easier - a nail? But there is a trick here too. If you need the structure not to loosen, it is not at all necessary to take long nails, pierce the blocks or boards through them, so that later the protruding ends are bent for strength. It is easier to use a nail invented by V. Mozaikov from Barnaul (Fig. 33), which differs from the usual one in that it is equipped with oblique notches. Such a nail easily enters the tree, but it is already impossible to pull it back out.

Always a clean spatula will be with the one who takes care of it - a device for cleaning it. However, tin cans can also be successfully used by painters who do not need to constantly carry an entire can of paint with them. It is enough to take a tin can, bend the top cover (not completely cut off with a can opener) in the shape of a handle, and you will get a convenient paint mold for 10-15 brush strokes, which is enough to paint over any hard-to-reach place.

You can mix the paint well with a drill, in the cartridge of which a threaded pin is clamped. A plywood or cardboard circle is put on this hairpin, covering a can of paint, and a lamb or a snob with a thread or a nozzle made of thick wire is screwed onto the lower end. Now it remains only to turn on the drill.

How to cut a slate sheet without crumbling it and not puncturing it on the cut? It is wetted with water. Cracked slate does not need to be painted or glued with a cloth, all this is a temporary repair. Such a slate will stand for another year, a lot - two. It is more reliable to repair worn-out slate with special mastic, which includes PVA glue, cement grade 300 and higher, fluffed asbestos and water. PVA can be replaced with frost-resistant paints (E-AK-111, E-VA-17, E-V-17, etc.), and fluffed asbestos can be replaced with sheet, grated. The repair mixture is prepared in small portions for 2-3 hours of work, mixing 1-2 parts of cement with 3 parts of fluffed asbestos. PVA glue is diluted half with water. The repair mixture should have the consistency of sour cream. The cleaned and washed sheets of slate are carefully cleaned with fabric-based emery in places of cracks, primed with PVA glue (diluted with water 1: 3), all damage is smeared with paste, cracks are overwritten. It is better to do this in two layers (the second layer after the first has dried) and in cloudy weather.

Cutting tiles is not such a simple matter, especially if the tiles need to be cut into strips of the same width. The best cutter is a Pobedite drill, the end of which is sharpened with a “beak”. Such a cutter goes to the desired depth and cuts an even groove along the entire length, both from the front and from reverse side. Now you can put the tile on a log bar, hanging the part to be cut off, and putting a rail on it, break it off with a sharp blow, not forgetting to securely fasten the remaining part or hold it with your hand.

Dry or wet? The question is not idle when it comes to talking about brickwork. If it is led by an experienced master who knows the secrets of laying bricks "pressed" and "butted", then he will give preference to dry bricks. And lays down tightly, does not slip, and the mitten is dry. But it is better for a beginner to lay with wet bricks, so that it is possible to correct the error and achieve quality with accuracy and slowness. Of course, wet walls take longer to dry, but they are stronger. No wonder the ancient builders worked only in the wet way! And the ancients knew a lot about buildings ...

Geometry brickwork. You can’t even talk about its importance - violations of verticality and horizontality are equally dangerous and threaten the future house with destruction. For the "stove", from which it is customary to dance, an amateur bricklayer must take a zero mark. It can be fixed with the help of a "flexible water level (pipettes at the ends of the hose), which was already mentioned above. Usually this is done on the foundation, on which a measuring rod will later be installed - ordering - and the cord will be pulled along which the masonry itself will go.

So zero point. One pipette at the end of the hose is fixed motionless on the right corner of the foundation, the other - on the left and subsequent corners. It is necessary to achieve complete coincidence of the liquid level in the pipettes and

Table 7 Determination of relative air humidity (in %)

fix the levels on the foundation with dashes. They will be marks of the zero level.

Ordering is just a rail, a corner with divisions applied every 77 mm (65 mm brick thickness and 12 mm mortar joint thickness). These rails or corners are installed at the corners of the foundation and accurately fixed with zero marks. The order is fixed with brackets, and the verticality is controlled by a level or plumb line.

Homemade psychrometer. To determine the humidity in the cellar and underground, which is associated with the subsequent insulation of their ceilings and improved waterproofing, it is good to have a psychrometer on hand - a special device made up of two alcohol thermometers. One of the thermometers is in a humid environment and shows a more viscous temperature than the control one. And now look at the table, which, by the difference in readings between “dry” and “wet” thermometers, allows you to determine the relative humidity in the air.

Weirs. Roofs must be dry even after a downpour. For this, weirs are equipped: gutters along the edge of the roof that collect water and discharge it into drains. For these works it is better to use galvanized iron.

The width of the blanks is determined by the diameter of the gutters, taking into account the allowances in the fold (usually 120-150 mm). The payuses are sewn into a tape with a single fold, the width of the flanging is marked with a thickness gauge, which is performed with a mallet on the corner of the workbench, and on the first strip, the flanging is done at an angle of 90 e in one direction, on the other - in the opposite direction. All these operations are clearly visible in the figures.

The second operation is to fill up the fold with a mallet at each strip. After that, the edges are brought into the lock so that they fit tightly and exactly along the entire seam. The final operation is cutting the fold, after which the seam can no longer disperse.

After stitching all the strips into a tape, it is bent (folded) on both sides into the future gutter. This operation is carried out along the entire length. Then the gutter itself is bent using a suitable pipe. The gutters are suspended under the edge of the roof overhang on brackets with a slope for water drainage. It is better to fix the gutters with wire so that they can be removed for the winter (they are easily damaged when removing snow from roofs)

Gutters were also made of galvanized iron. As a rule, a single fold with undercut is used. They are bent on a mandrel pipe, like gutters. It is better to bring the drain into the barrel so that the water can be used, as shown in the figures.

You should also take care of the water breakers, which, in case of oblique rain, can damage not only the basement of the building, but also the foundation. They are made from any iron (galvanized, of course, is better!) And attached to the wall. At the corners they are connected with a single standing lock.

Plastering works. They throw the solution with a plaster spatula, and spread and smear it on the wall with a falcon or trowel. But getting an even layer is rarely possible, you need a skill. Since there is no time and no need for a novice developer to acquire the skill, you can simplify everything by focusing on the solution itself and the technology of one hundred application to the wall.

So, before applying the mortar, the wall must be prepared: cleaned of dust and possible influx of masonry mortar, and also moistened with water. A garden sprayer or irrigation sprinkler works well for this. Apply solution better with hands with rubber gloves, not with a tool. A thick layer of plaster is best done in two steps, allowing it to dry, “grabbing” the bottom layer. Having “laid” the solution, it must be leveled in order to have time to eliminate their own oversights - shells, bumps.

Smoothness is achieved by rubbing when the plaster is slightly dry. This is best done with a sponge dipped in water: the surface layer of plaster liquefies and tightens the remaining scratches. A well-plastered wall "praises itself", acquiring an even matte tone.

Reinforcement reinforcement. When equipping a house with various security devices (bars on windows, etc.), it is necessary to securely fasten all fittings, regardless of the material - be it brick, concrete, stone or wood. Concrete is obviously not good: old and new concrete are fragile when bonded to each other. It can be replaced with polymer concrete. Here is the recipe: a mixture of sand and cement (grade 300 and above) is closed on a liquid PVA solution or bustilate.

in brick or concrete wall a hole for the fastening element is drilled in the right place, priming the inner surface with a liquid solution of the adhesive on which the polymer concrete is made. Then a portion of concrete and a fastening element are introduced into the hole. Concrete bolts, studs, rods are deformed for more reliable fixation (Fig. 33)

In wood, reinforcement is installed on epoxy putties. Calcium carbonate, aluminum oxide, talc, graphite, fine quartz sand kaolin, ground mica

Glass work. After many years of oblivion, stained glass windows are back in fashion - glazing made of colored glass in the form of drawings, geometric shapes, and various kinds of abstractions. It is not easy to purchase ready-made colored glasses, but you can make them yourself. For this, a gelatin coating is well suited, easily dyed in any color. Recipe - dissolve 5 g of gelatin in 100 g of water at a temperature of 80-95 ". Any dye can be added to this solution - ink, aniline, mix well and apply to clean, dry glass.The glass is dried at room temperature.To protect it from dampness, a layer of varnish can be applied to the dried coating or covered with a second glass.

Frosted glass for decorating the veranda can also be done by yourself. There are two ways, applying compositions based on liquid glass to glass and etching glass with hydrofluoric acid. The same methods are suitable for applying various kinds of patterns and even “eternal tulle”

Glass matting with silicate stationery glue, which is liquid glass, with and without dyes, requires a very careful, almost perfect layer application.

There is an even more risky way to use liquid glass, when the pattern is chipped off with a layer of glue, forming dents

The etching method is more complicated, but it will give a very good effect. 50% hydrofluoric acid is used. The glass is pre-treated, covered with a layer of paraffin, on which the future drawing is drawn. Then acid is applied with a thin layer and etched for 5-10 seconds. outdoors so as not to inhale harmful vapors Then the glass is washed with a solution of soda

"Dry" etching is safer. The solution is prepared from 12 parts of hydrofluoric acid, 10 parts of barium sulfate and 10 parts of ammonium fluoride. This solution is poured over the pattern prepared for etching and left to dry. Then the glass is washed with soda solution. There are other methods of etching.

Now about how to cut glass correctly and avoid common mistakes.

The main condition is that the glass cutter must be in good working order and cut to the desired depth, not break off the edge of the glass, sliding off it. To do this, it is better to grind the body of the glass cutter, as shown in the figure.

The second trouble awaiting a glass cutter is the loss of a cutting line. To prevent this from happening, a side chamfer is removed from the tool body (Fig. 34).

Tapping of glass cut along the entire length is carried out from below and the cut edge is broken off either with a glass cutter or pliers, but by no means by hand!

And finally, carrying sheets of glass. Here, too, there are secrets. You can see two of them in the pictures.

Film welding. There are many ways to join polyethylene films using a soldering iron, an electric burner, or a hot strip of metal. But it is much easier to make a nozzle in the form of a rotating wheel or disk that can be put on a soldering iron tip.

If you make the wheel stepped, then you can not only weld it, but also cut the film (Fig. 34).

Remember, this will come in handy! So that when sawing plywood, its edges do not chip off, the cut site must be wetted with hot water. >

To drive in a fence post, it is not at all necessary to drill a hole or dig a hole. It is necessary to remove the sod, pour water over this place and start hammering the post, not forgetting to constantly add more and more portions of water. So you can deepen the post by 50 cm.

To cut a round stick along the end, you need to put on a collar with a cut for the saw, which will be the guide.

If a film has formed on the paint layer, put an old nylon stocking on it and calmly dip the brush until you use all the paint. Then just throw the stocking away.

When preparing a mortar on cement, do not mix it with a shovel. but with pitchforks. This is both more convenient and the mixture is more homogeneous.

Pits for posts can be made using a sharply ground pipe, taking out the soil in portions through specially made holes.

If an uneven wire is pulled through a hole in a wooden plank (the plank must be tilted in relation to the direction of the wire), then it will be straightened almost perfectly.

When drilling tiles, the drill is moistened with turpentine, not water.

A tightly seated screw is easy to unscrew if the head is heated with a soldering iron.

Before painting metal objects, do not forget to wipe them with a cloth dipped in vinegar.

Devices and systems. If the bottom side of the door began to cling to the floor, it is not necessary to remove it from the hinges. It is necessary to slip a well-divided carpentry hacksaw at an angle, stand on it with your foot and vigorously open and close the door several times.

In new houses, the door frames are quite often loosened. To fix them, you need to drill two or three holes in the box and the end of the wall (from top to bottom) on each side, and hammer wooden plugs into them, and drive metal rods (preferably forged) into the plugs.

A door that is loosely attached to the jambs is well held by a rubber hose heel. When nailing it to the jamb, do not forget to put washers under the nail heads, otherwise they will cut through the hose and nullify all your work.

From front door it will blow less if the gap between the door and the jamb on the hinge side is covered with a strip of plastic film. It can be secured with simple push pins. In order not to blow under the doors, nail a sealing roller from a strip of cloth or other dense material onto their lower end.

A small piece of graphite placed in a slot raised door hinge, will save you from squeaking - graphite will be ground into powder and will serve as an excellent lubricant for hinges for a long time.

A drop of engine oil put into the hinge loops will also save you from squeaking.

When hanging doors, it is better to use removable hinges, which are divided into right and left. They are also convenient because a washer inserted between the parts of the hinge can lift the door, and the parts of the hinge cut off at an angle make it possible to tightly close and easily open the door, since it “rolls over”.

So that a wide-opening door does not beat off the plaster on the wall with a handle, it is necessary to nail a cone-shaped stop that will fix the door. So that the same door does not damage the furniture next to the jamb, it is necessary to fix a rubber suction cup from a soap dish or an old toy on it.

If the doors swing open by themselves or close from the slightest breath of the breeze, then this can only mean that the hinges are set incorrectly. In the first case, the upper loop must be deepened, and in the second, a gasket should be placed under the loop.

Sheds, gates, gates. All of them use simple articulated mechanisms, which are a hook with a loop put on it. Hinges can also be used, but they will require care - lubrication, tightening screws. There are also more closed hinge systems, widely used by our ancestors. You can see some of their varieties in the pictures. The main requirement for them is simplicity and reliability. Moreover, the structures themselves - sheds, gates and gates - are always in extreme weather conditions and their main purpose is to shelter people, animals and plantings from rain, wind, snow.

Shutters on windows play a different role. Their hinge mechanisms, like the locking ones, must be absolutely reliable (Fig. 34). The same type of protective devices include blinds, gratings, nets, curtains. We do not consider their devices, but we give drawings of some of them (Fig. 35).

Window. Glasses are cut out so that they easily fit into the folds, filling them by about three quarters in width, then the glass will not burst in a frame swollen with water.

When stuffing the frame studs, use a curved nail with a sharp end cut off to prevent scratches on the glass.

It is more practical to insert glass on double putty, which should be loose in this method, in the form of a roller or tape in the entire length and width of the rebate. Glass is placed on it, tightly pressed around the entire perimeter so that there are no places not filled with putty between it and the sides of the folds. The putty squeezed out at the same time is smoothed with a knife at a right angle or cone. This helps to achieve tightness.

Paired glass (with an air layer) installed in the window reduces heat loss, attenuates noise, and does not freeze in cold weather. Two panes should be placed on top of each other through a cardboard pad covered with oil paint. You can also use a rubber gasket.

A small rectangle made of cardboard, tin or other dense material, attached to the glass, will protect the glass from accidental strokes when painting window frames.

If this happens, then the dried paint is best scraped off with a safety razor blade or cut off with a sharply honed chisel.

If you need to open the windows immediately, then it is better to crochet them together. You can fix the width of the opening of an open window with a hinged limiter assembled from parts of a children's designer. You can make this limiter from the elements of an old folding rule by tapping its rivets with a hammer and punching holes for screws or nails.

To prevent dust from accumulating in a window closed for the winter, block the gap between the inner and outer vents with a piece of thin cardboard or thick paper to match the color of the windows or pre-paint it - the partition will not stand out much. This will reduce the heat transfer between the frames, and the room will be ventilated faster.

Covering and sealing windows can be combined in one operation. Reheat in hot water(not lower than 70°) a syringe without a needle and paraffin (candle) Draw paraffin into the syringe and fill all the slots with it from top to bottom

Locks and locks. In addition to locks, temporary and permanent locks are installed in the houses: bolt-type latches, hecks, turntables, embedded slats or beams.

It makes no sense to describe them - they are known to everyone. But in some cases, these locks are well combined with both overhead and internal locks, not to mention padlocks.

So, an overhead lock with a retractable bolt in combination with an ordinary window latch (Fig. 34) no one can open with a key while you are at home. No one will enter the house if the door, in addition to the lock, is also closed with a chain or a latch.

It is impossible to knock out the door if it is put on the stop, as can be seen in the figure.

There are reliable constipation, securing locks. One of them is the "secret" latch shown in the picture. It works on the principle of a French lock, where the larva 1 freely walks in the cage 2. The spring 3 with the rod 4 fixed in the handle 5 allows the larva 1 to snap into the eye 6. The thrust 7 from a reliable nylon cord is thrown over the blocks and ends with a disguised handle or pedal with which you can easily open the door from the outside.

According to this type, you can develop your own designs of covert constipation.

A reliable way of protection is to jam the lock itself with a plate resembling a broken key. Without knowing the secret, you can't pull it out. And the secret may lie in a special slot or drilled hole through which the wedge is removed with a paper clip or a piece of wire. You can also insert a plate without grips, but then it is removed with a thin file from a jigsaw. By the way, with a file, you can also get really broken keys.

Doorbells. It is known that an electric bell is an annoying and rather noisy thing. The sharpness of the sound can be reduced by gluing a strip of adhesive tape between the hammer and the drummer, but the timbre ... However, the craftsmen found a way out here too, suggesting instead of an electric bell to put a bicycle bell on the door, passing the whip from its tongue through a pre-drilled hole in the door and jamb .

This principle can be used to install other signaling devices: gongs, bells, hammers, etc.

The painter needs only ingenuity! Paint brushes are an eternal problem: it is not easy to buy and save after work. And their variety is so great that you literally get lost: do you need so many brushes? Unfortunately, it is necessary. There are no universal ones and each is designed for its own type of work (Fig. 36, 37).

However, most of the brushes can be made by yourself And it’s quite simple: take a piece of bast or nylon thread, pull them together with twine or wire, put them on a stick, chop them off with an ax - and that’s all. As in the picture, for example.

Many of the brushes will successfully replace foam rubber rollers and even a vacuum cleaner with a spray gun!

So brushes. hair out paint brush will not fall out and remain on the surface to be painted if you drill a hole in the clip (crimp ring) and put a few drops of waterproof glue inside. By combining a spatula and a brush, you get a versatile tool for removing streaks and putty residue. To do this, you need to saw through the handle of the brush and insert an iron plate into it, securely fastening it. To whitewash the ceiling, you need a brush on long handle. An ordinary brush is mounted on a long stick, the end of which is cut off at an angle of 30 ° and a piece of rubber hose is put on, in which two holes are made for the brush handle. This is much more reliable than just tying a brush. To prevent the paint from dripping from the brush onto you, put half a rubber ball on the handle. The same task will be performed by a cardboard screen rolled up with a cone. The seam of the cone must be coated with plasticine.

The role of a wide brush can be performed by an ordinary shoe brush.

Good foam brushes. They do not leave streaks because they absorb paint well.

How to paint? First, do not open windows and doors, create drafts. Prepare all surfaces to be painted in advance for work: remove sconces and chandeliers, paintings and carpets, move or take out furniture, repair cracks. First of all, paint the ceiling. Apply a copper coat of paint or whitewash towards the window. To whitewash on a slightly damp surface - better ceiling pre-wash warm water with table salt (50-100 g of salt per 10-liter bucket) Apply any paint in a thin layer: 2-3 layers are always stronger than one thick one.

Start coloring with a few strokes crosswise, and then grind them. Do not pick up a lot of paint on a brush and roller, so as not to paint yourself.

When you're done, wash and dry your brushes thoroughly.

Bcl about paint. No matter how tightly you cover the can of paint, small holes still remain. To get rid of them, turn the jar over for a second. The paint will fill these holes, and the air will no longer be afraid of the contents of the can.

Dipping a roller or brush directly into a can of paint is hardly advisable. It is easier to use some kind of net, loosely stretched over the jar and tied with twine. It can be gauze, nylon, metal mesh. It not only doses the paint, but also saves you from having to filter it if a film has formed in the paint.

Rollers. It is advisable to paint large surfaces (floor, walls, ceiling) with a roller. However, before putting it into work, it is necessary to paint over with a brush the places where the roller cannot turn around.

Making your own paint roller is easy. To do this, it is enough to carve a round blank, cover it with foam rubber, faux fur or other fleecy material. Carefully fill the ends, make the seam neat. Bend a hook from a thick wire, the axis of which should be longer than the roller. The hole in the roller can be burned or drilled. Bend the end of the hook or cut the thread for the nut. Put a handle on the other end of the hook. Other options are also possible (Fig. 35).

Take note. Adhesives are divided into three groups: animal, vegetable and synthetic resins. The first group includes - bone, casein, milk casein, casein with borax, casein with ammonia solution, casein with slaked lime, casein with caustic soda, gelatin waterproof, for glass and porcelain on egg white. Here are three recipes without additives, the use of which will be discussed in the note.

Bone glue. Available in tiles and granules. Melt 400 g of glue in a water bath in 2.25 liters of water and mix with 80 g of dextrin, 30 g of sugar and 110 g of glycerin. If you add 130 g of nigrosine, the glue will turn black. It is applied to pasting of joiner's products.

casein glue. Mix 300 g of casein with 40 g of sodium fluoride, 120 g of powdered slaked lime, 30 g of borax or soda ash. When mixed with water, this mixture slowly thickens and has high adhesive qualities. Casein glue can be used to glue plastic to wood.

Gelatin waterproof adhesive. Dissolve 100 g of gelatin in 500 ml warm water. Separately, dissolve 70-80 g of potassium bichromate in 250-300 ml of water. Both solutions are heated to a temperature of 30-35 ° and mixed. The resulting glue is used when gluing plywood with plastic, glass with wood, oilcloth with brick. Additives of ammonia, caustic soda and slaked lime do not allow it to set quickly and strengthen the glued seams.

Glues of vegetable origin include: dextrin, light clerical, dextrin-starch, from potato starch and mixtures thereof. Here are two recipes for making glue.

Light stationery glue. Dissolve 10 g of borax in 200 ml of warm water. Add 100 g of dextrin to the solution while stirring. Boil the resulting mass for several minutes, then add 10 g of hydrogen peroxide. The hot solution must be filtered. Glue is suitable not only for working with papers, but also for small carpentry work.

Adhesive for glass, paper, porcelain and leather. Stir 50 g of crushed and sifted quicklime, 10 g of flour and 5 g of linseed oil until the mixture turns into a thick viscous mass.

There are many synthetic adhesives. Let us dwell on two of them: rubber and liquid glass. Although both are sold ready-made, they can also be made at home. Especially rubber. To do this, it is enough to put 10 g of finely chopped rubber (crude rubber) in a jar and pour 100 g of benzene. Close the jar tightly. After dissolving the rubber, the adhesive is ready for use.

Now about putty. Since many of them are made on adhesives, we can only talk about fillers. They are most often chalk, cement, gypsum, asbestos. But there are putties that themselves act as glue and are used when working with metal, glass, wood, rubber, leather, linoleum.

Here are some recipes.

Finely chopped linoleum is poured with acetone. After 5-6 hours, the putty is ready. Putty can be used to coat gaps in the floor, repair an aquarium, and seal pipe joints.

Mix 200 g of lead sulfate with a solution of 50 g of glycerin and 50 ml of water. Mix everything vigorously. Since the mixture hardens quickly, shu must be used immediately. It is suitable for working with metal, glass, wood, stone, brick.

Melt 200 g of finely chopped rubber and 175 g of rosin in an enamel bowl in a water bath.

Add 125 g of linseed drying oil to the cooled mixture. Stir the mixture until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The resulting putty is waterproof. It can be used for gluing rubber tires on a leather base, for repairing shoes. Applied hot

How to measure timber? After all, it is not sold by the piece and not by weight, and the technique of measuring in volumes is quite complicated, even the regulatory authorities are not always able to check the accuracy of the issue from the base or warehouse" We will try to help you.

The volume of the slab, according to the rules, is pre-sorted by length into two groups (up to 2 m and more) is stacked with thin and thick ends alternately, and with the slab surface up and down. Short ones are stacked with docking. The stack must have the same height, as well as right angles and the most dense stacking. After that, by multiplying the average height of the package by the length and width, its cubic capacity is determined. In this regard, there are concepts of dense and folding cubic meters, which, according to the conversion factor, are translated into the concept of dense mass. For a slab, this coefficient is 0.48

The volume of sawn softwood and hardwood is determined in two ways: by measuring and by calculation Or using the Gostovsky cube, where there are necessary tables of volumes of one meter of length and pieces For example, you need to find the volume of 70 edged boards 22 mm thick, 125 mm wide and 4 .5 m. According to the table, this is 0.01238 m 3 Multiply by the number of boards and we get 0.8666 m 3

As for the measurement of unedged sawn timber, it has its own specifics, the width of an unedged and edged board is determined as half the sum of the width of two layers measured in the middle of the board without bark

Round timber is also measured in accordance with GOST according to the thickness of the upper end and the length of the log. Thus, a log with an upper diameter of 18 cm and a length of 6 mm has a volume of 0 194 m 3 Therefore, they only need to be counted and multiplied. Moreover, logs larger than 16 cm belong to the sawlog category, and it has a different price.

Figure 20. The simplest crafts.

And the rooter; B blade for an ax; V. G implanted with overlays; D simple vagterpass. E plumb; W hose with pipettes (a simple and accurate level meter two is accurate on the plane); 3 atomizer; (1 sklzdmm shovel; To a simple barometer wood

Rice. 30. Pipe connection options:

A - cap lock (1 - coupling, 2 - flange, 3 - rubber gasket, 4 - pipe, 5 - clamp loop, 6 - coupling bolt); B - quick-release lock (1 - half coupling, 2 - tooth for carabiner loop, 3 - loop, 4 - carabiner, 5 - hinge, 6 - pipe, / - flange, 8 - rubber gasket); B - "spherical" joint (L - pipes, hoses, 2 - hemisphere, 3 - rubber gasket, 4 - stud); G - docking option “in one bolt * (1 - pipes, 2 - mating heads, 3 - coupling bolt, 4 - rubber gasket).

Rice. 31. Manual seeder:

1 - wheel, 2 - seeding roller, 3 - tubular handle, 4 - bracket, 5 - wooden pads, b - rubber tube, 7 - tie bolt, 8 - stop bolt, 9 - coulter, 10 - handle, 11 - tie bolt , 12 - steel plate, B - closing loop.

A - articulated harrow (1 - frame, 2 - teeth, 3 - deflecting lever, 4 - rod, 5 - hydraulic drive cylinder); b - peg assembly (1 - frame, 2 - drum with pegs, 3 - transmission chain, 4 - sprocket, 5 - transmission from the engine); AT - rotary harrow(1 - frame bar, 2 - spoke comb); G - potato sorting; D - sprinkler; E - sprayer (1 - complete apparatus, 2 - mandrel for pressing out the sieve).

A - bracket for tightening loads (1 - body, 2 - adjustable bracket, 3 - stops, 4 - roller with spring, 5 - spring, 6 - cable, 7 - hook loop, 8 - lever, 9 - fixed fastening of the throughput loop, i.0 - removable fastening of the throughput loop for refueling the cable); B - solar generator (glazed black tank;; C - solar generator from the refrigerator condenser; D - rain collector for the garage; D - hose-level for beating the "zero" mark; E - fastening of the lattice reinforcement (1 - fastening in concrete or brick wall, 2 - fastening in a wooden wall); G - fastening of the lattice plate on the pins; 3 - a nail with herringbone notches.

Rice. 34. Hinges

GA - canopy, B - wedge, B - joint, G - ring, D - lock, B - ball, F - angle, 3 - seam, I - spring); K - shutters (1 - shutter hinges, 2 - temporary fastening, 3 - through splinter with a pin, 4 - vestibule strip); L - lock with latch; M - welding and cutting of the film; H - secret latch (H - lock, 2 - body, 3 - spring rod (4) on the stop connected to the lock (5), 6 - lock inlet, 7 - nylon cord that opens the latch); O - a sample of sharpening a glass cutter so as not to beat off the edge of the glass; P - sharpening sample for marking; P - glass transfer "by hand on a thing"; C - transfer of glass on the shoulder (be sure to put a rail or cardboard under the twine).

A - blinds; B, C, D, D - lattices (radial, ring, geometric and pictorial); E - a door on an emphasis; W - grid on the window; 3 - whitewash brush on a long stick; I - rollers

for painting.

Rice. 36. Paint brushes.

Rice. 37. Homemade brushes.

Crafts made from old items and things that can be given a second life can make your home much more comfortable. Some do-it-yourself homemade crafts for the household can significantly save the home budget, make work easier, or make the surrounding interior more interesting. And even if difficulties arise in the process, overcoming them will be worth it.

DIY for the home workshop

In almost any home there is always some set of tools necessary for the household. But sometimes situations arise when working in your own workshop or garage requires some kind of device that is either impossible to purchase in a store or is very expensive. In this case, the way out can be found by making it yourself.

Blacksmith's forge from a cylinder

This device for heating metal will become an indispensable assistant in the home workshop. The forge can be safely used to make original items using artistic forging. These will be truly unique forged items.

For the bugle, it is best to use an empty gas cylinder with a capacity of 25 liters. Its ends are cut off by a grinder, and the hearth door and its back will be made from the cut parts. The inside of the cylinder is covered with refractory ceramic wool, which is able to withstand temperatures of more than 1200 0 C. From above it is coated with chamotte clay (lined), which can withstand temperatures up to 1500 0 C. Fireclay slabs or refractory bricks are laid on the bottom of the hearth after lining.

A hole is drilled from above and a small drive is inserted, allowing you to insert the nozzle of a gas-powered burner, which can create a temperature in the hearth of more than 1000 0 C - quite sufficient to heat the metal to certain temperature suitable for forging.

Collapsible garage crane beam

In the manufacture of such a lift, the cash costs will be much less than buying a factory model. For its manufacture, you will have to spend money only on materials, half of which, perhaps, can be found in the garage.

Materials needed to assemble the lift:

1. Two racks - a profile pipe 100x100x2350.
2. Cross bar - steel pipe arbitrary length with a diameter of 100 mm.
3. Four supports for the rod - profile pipe 100x100x600.
4. The basis and braces - a corner with regiments on 100 mm.
5. Two metal rollers for the cable.
6. Four wheels for movement.

For the lifting mechanism, it is best to use a hand winch with a worm gear with a maximum load of up to 500 kg, which is attached to one of the racks of the crane beam.

The design does not take up much space in the workshop, moves easily on hard surfaces and is quite convenient for removing the engine from the car.

Mobile tool rack

The main highlight of this rack is its small size , but at the same time it is possible to place a large number of tools, and if necessary - quickly move it to any place or adjacent room. It is very convenient to use such a rack in your workshop or when conducting construction and repair work in large rooms, especially when you need to frequently move tools.

The rack can be assembled on the basis of a collapsible plastic rack mounted on a self-made platform with wheels (trolley). The platform is made exactly to the dimensions of the rack from a metal corner with shelves 45x45 mm or a sheet of plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm. For movement, furniture metal wheels are used.

It is additionally possible to manufacture and fix fasteners for the rack building levels, extension cords and other tools that can be stored hanging.

Help for the hostess

There is not always a financial opportunity to buy, for example, something from new furniture in a furniture store or place an order for its manufacture. But you can always get out of this situation by making the right thing with your own hands, while making it attractive and unique, using improvised means for this.

Cork kitchen apron

A kitchen apron is a wall surface located between the countertop and wall cabinets. Usually this part of the wall is tiled. But many other materials can be used to cover it, for example, wine corks can be glued to the wall.

Such an exclusive decor looks quite great.

Before sticking, each cork is cut lengthwise into two halves with a sharp clerical knife. It is desirable to paint the wall black, which will emphasize the seams between the plugs.

Corks are glued to the wall with liquid nails in a checkerboard pattern or with a certain pattern, since it is unlikely that they will be laid out perfectly evenly, and the curved rows will visually look disgusting.

The corks themselves are not afraid of moisture, but they quickly get dirty and are poorly washed, so it is best to close them with a tempered glass screen. True, you will have to spend a little money on it and order glass in a special workshop, where they will cut it to a given size and make holes for sockets and fasteners.

Glass is fixed to the wall with anchor dowels, which can be purchased at almost any hardware store.

Although the apron, decorated wine corks may turn out to be an expensive pleasure, but the result achieved will be worth it.

The surface of the countertop, as well as the wall, can be decorated with corks and covered with tempered glass.

Hinged folding table

A folding table fixed to the wall allows you to save some space in the apartment. In the folded state, it can protrude from the wall at a distance of no more than 10 cm and does not interfere with anyone at all, but when unfolded, it can replace a full-fledged table.

There are many options where you can use a folding table fixed to the wall. Here are just a few of the most basic ones:

Shower for giving

There is probably nothing better than refreshing yourself under running water on a hot summer day, especially if he was working in the garden. Naturally, only a shower will solve this problem and relieve the fatigue that has accumulated during the day.

The shower can be installed independently without the involvement of outside help, the main thing is to choose a place for it and decide on the type of shower cabin.

Three types of cabins stand out among summer showers, which you can freely build on your own:

Installation of a simple shower is done in this way:

1. A shower cabin frame is being made, which can be assembled from metal, wooden beam or other improvised materials.
2. A metal or plastic water tank is installed on the roof of the assembled frame, which can be from 50 to 200 liters in volume.
3. It is advisable to paint a metal container black for better heating of the water. Additionally, several electric heating elements can be installed in the container, then you can take a shower even in cloudy weather.

The booth can be sheathed with boards, plywood, slate, or simply covered with a tarpaulin or cellophane film with folding canopies.

To build on your own

The topic of construction or repair, probably, worries everyone. And, of course, everyone who deals with it wants to finish it as soon as possible with minimal financial costs. Therefore, if you want to save money, you can make some materials for construction on your own. For example, it can be wall SIP panels or such a useful tool as a vibrating plate, the need for which often arises for many owners of a personal plot.

Homemade SIP panels

For their manufacture, you need to prepare a flat, hard platform. After laying a sheet of OSB 10-12 mm thick on it with a rubber spatula with teeth, apply glue to it.

Then lay sheets of foam grade 25-30 on the glue. After that, an adhesive mass is applied on top of the laid foam, as well as on the bottom OSB plate, and the second sheet of OSB is laid on top.

If several stacked boards are being made at the same time, work should be done quickly until the adhesive has set. Usually in this way you can prepare no more than 4-5 panels at a time.

After harvesting, the formed slabs need to be pressurized with a press. Since at home, of course, there is no hydraulic press, it can be replaced with a thick plywood sheet laid on prepared SIP plates over the entire plane and loaded for 2-3 hours, for example, with several bags of cement, sand or other cargo. You can even use car, having driven onto a plywood sheet along a pre-made flyover.

After the glue has completely dried, the home-made panels are ready, they can be folded into a separate pile and proceed to the preparation of new panels. The manufactured panels should lie unloaded for another day, after which they can be used for their intended purpose.

Vibrating plate manufacturing

To make a homemade vibrating plate, you will need to prepare:

1. An electric motor with an eccentric brand IV-98E, which is the main part of the vibrating plate.
2. Steel sheet, at least 8 mm thick, 450x800 mm in size. It can be ordered at any metal base.
3. Two pieces of channel no more than 400 mm long.
4. An inch pipe for the handle and two rubber bushings for attaching it.
5. Of the tools you will need a welding machine, a grinder and a set of wrenches.

From the narrow sides of the plate, stepping back from the edges by 80-100 mm, make an incision with a grinder to a depth of about 5 mm. After that, bend the edges towards the notch at an angle of approximately 25 0 and weld them by welding. Bends are needed so that the vibrating plate does not sink into the material compacted by it and moves freely along its surface.

Then, across the plate at a certain distance, calculated for mounting the electric motor, two channels are welded with the shelves down. Through advance drilled holes in the channel, with the help of M10 bolts, an electric vibrator is attached to them.

The tube handle is attached to the vibrator via soft rubber grommets, which can be purchased at an auto parts store or hardware store in the hardware department.

Thus, you can make a lot of useful things in the household with your own hands, spending on this only a part of the money that you would have to pay when buying a finished product. You just need to make some effort and have certain skills.