President of Mongolia Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj biography. Elbegdorj Tsakhiagiin

• National University "Lviv Polytechnic"
• School of Management. John F. Kennedy
• University of Colorado Boulder

He is married and has 25 children, 20 of which are adopted.

Youth, education

Second degree

After retiring, he studied for about a year at the Economic Institute of the University of Colorado (Boulder), where he received a diploma in 2001. In received a master's degree in business management from the Government School. J. Kennedy of Harvard University.

Prime Minister: second term

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj makes a speech

Enkhbold announced that the government's task would be to fight corruption and poverty.

Despite the coalition agreement, the MPRP withdrew its ministers from the cabinet on January 13, 2006, as a result of which Elbegdorj himself resigned. The MPRP succeeded in forming a new government with the participation of defectors from the democratic coalition. Enkhbold became the new prime minister. These events sparked protest demonstrations in which high-ranking members of the MPRP were accused of corruption.

Goals and results

Elbegdorj succeeded in legislating freedom of the press and public demonstrations in Mongolia. During his time in office, the state newspapers, television and radio stations were transformed into formally independent organizations with less state control.

He sought to reduce unemployment by supporting technical schools and specialized professions, providing the population with cheap computers and Internet access. He tried to stimulate business by cutting administrative costs, eliminating many compulsory licenses and import duties on a number of key product categories. Under him, Mongolia, along with 15 other developing countries, entered into an agreement (APS agreement), allowing most goods to be imported into the EU without import duties.

International relationships

Elbegdorj supported the granting of asylum to North Korean refugees who arrived in Mongolia via China. Many of them then went to South Korea.

Elbegdorj agreed to send a Mongolian contingent to Iraq in 2005.

In 2005, he also supported international demands for the release of Burmese opposition activist Aung San Suu Kyi and a number of other members of the Myanmar parliament.

Presidential Election 2009

Elbegdorj, Tsakhiagiin

(About Democratic Coalition won 36 out of 76 seats in parliament and the power sharing agreement, Elbegdorj becomes Prime Minister)

• James Brooke

Married, has 4 sons.

Youth, education

Second degree

After retiring, he studied for about a year at the Economic Institute of the University of Colorado (Boulder), where he received a diploma in 2001. In received a master's degree in business management from the Government School. J. Kennedy of Harvard University.

Prime Minister: second term

Enkhbold announced that the government's task would be to fight corruption and poverty.

Despite the coalition agreement, the MPRP withdrew its ministers from the cabinet on January 13, 2006, as a result of which Elbegdorj himself resigned. The MPRP succeeded in forming a new government with the participation of defectors from the democratic coalition. Enkhbold became the new prime minister. These events sparked protest demonstrations in which high-ranking members of the MPRP were accused of corruption.

Goals and results

Elbegdorj succeeded in legislating freedom of the press and public demonstrations in Mongolia. During his time in office, the state newspapers, television and radio stations were transformed into formally independent organizations with less state control.

He sought to reduce unemployment by supporting technical schools and specialized professions, providing the population with cheap computers and Internet access. He tried to stimulate business by cutting administrative costs, eliminating many compulsory licenses and import duties on a number of key product categories. Under him, Mongolia, along with 15 other developing countries, entered into an agreement (APS agreement), allowing most goods to be imported into the EU without import duties.

International relationships

Elbegdorj supported the granting of asylum to North Korean refugees who arrived in Mongolia via China. Many of them then went to South Korea.

Elbegdorj agreed to send a Mongolian contingent to Iraq in 2005.

In 2005, he also supported international demands for the release of Burmese opposition activist Aung San Suu Kyi and a number of other members of the Myanmar parliament.

Presidential Election 2009

In the presidential elections on May 24, 2009, Elbegdorj won 51.24% of the vote and defeated the incumbent President of Mongolia Nambaryn Enkhbayar. Prior to this, since the proclamation of the republic (1924), the highest leaders of the country were representatives only of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party.

Activities in non-governmental organizations

Elbegdorj has been a permanent member of the board of the Mongolian Young Leader Foundation since 1992, and a member of the board of the Mongolian Academy of Political Education since 1993. In 2000, he founded the Mongolian Center for Freedom, a non-governmental organization for the protection of human rights, freedom of thought and education .

In addition, Elbegdorj took part in a number of international organizations and actions, including those under the auspices of the UN. He often lectures at universities and other public institutions in Mongolia and abroad.

Awards

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj is a longtime and passionate fan of Inter Milan.

Biographical sources

• BBC News, August 20 ,

(About Democratic Coalition won 36 out of 76 seats in parliament and the power sharing agreement, Elbegdorj becomes Prime Minister)

• James Brooke New York Times, February 15 , (Article on Elbegdorj's government changed second language from Russian into English)
• Hoover Institution, May 20 .
• Bellwether Forum, September 6 ,

• Matthew Davis, world view Magazine Online, Volume 17, Number 4, Fall 2004 (Story on Elbegdorj’s party campaigning and Mongolians" voting in 2004)
• , Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma, June 13 ,
• (Interview about Elbegdorj's initiation of Karakorum development), U.B. Post February 14 ,
• , , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1990-2006
• , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1993-2006
• Reuters, January 15 ,
• - article in Lentapedia. year 2012.

Speeches, interviews

• James Brooke , (About Elbegdorj) New York Times, Page 5, December 26 , ,

• Stuart Frohm, Mackinac Center for Public Policy, September 15 .
• , Bellwether Forum, September 9 ,

• Peter & Helen Evans , , , , (Interview with Elbegdorj), Renew America March/April, 2004
• , Mongolia Web December 2005
• (Elbegdorj's talk), Heritage Foundation, May 30 ,

Change of government in 2006

• Lulu Zhou Harvard's Crimson- Harvard University's daily newspaper, January 20 ,
• , Reuters, January 24 ,

• John J. Tkacik, Jr. , the Heritage Foundation's press room, January 21 ,
• AFP, January 15 ,

• Sumya Bazar Mail and Guardian, January 12 ,

Organizations

• A Mongolian non-government organization founded by Elbegdorj.
• Henry Jackson Society British think tank of which Elbegdorj is a patron.

An excerpt characterizing Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj

That evening the Rostovs went to the opera, for which Marya Dmitrievna got a ticket.
Natasha did not want to go, but it was impossible to refuse Marya Dmitrievna's kindness, which was intended exclusively for her. When she, dressed, went out into the hall, waiting for her father and looking in a large mirror, she saw that she was good, very good, she became even more sad; but sad sweet and loving.
“My God, if he were here; then I would not be like before, with some kind of stupid timidity in front of something, but in a new way, I would simply hug him, snuggle up to him, make him look at me with those searching, curious eyes with which he so often looked at me and then would make him laugh, as he laughed then, and his eyes - how I see those eyes! thought Natasha. - And what do I care about his father and sister: I love him alone, him, him, with this face and eyes, with his smile, masculine and childish at the same time ... No, it’s better not to think about him, not think, forget, completely forget for this time. I can’t bear this waiting, I’m about to sob,” and she moved away from the mirror, making an effort not to cry. “And how can Sonya love Nikolinka so evenly, so calmly, and wait so long and patiently!” she thought, looking at Sonya, also dressed, who came in, with a fan in her hands.
“No, she is completely different. I cant"!
Natasha felt at that moment so softened and tender that it was not enough for her to love and know that she was loved: she needed now, now she needed to hug her beloved and speak and hear from him words of love with which her heart was full. While she was riding in the carriage, sitting next to her father, and gazing thoughtfully at the lights of the lanterns flickering in the frozen window, she felt even more in love and sadder and forgot with whom and where she was going. Having fallen into a line of carriages, the Rostovs' carriage, slowly screeching through the snow, drove up to the theater. Natasha and Sonya hurriedly jumped out, picking up dresses; the count came out, supported by lackeys, and between the ladies and men entering and selling posters, all three went into the corridor of the benoir. The sounds of music could be heard from behind the closed doors.
- Nathalie, vos cheveux, [Natalie, your hair,] - whispered Sonya. The chaplain politely and hurriedly slipped in front of the ladies and opened the door of the box. The music became louder heard at the door, the illuminated rows of boxes with the bare shoulders and arms of the ladies, and the parterre noisy and shiny with uniforms, flashed. The lady, entering the neighboring bin, looked around Natasha with a feminine, envious look. The curtain had not yet risen and the overture was being played. Natasha, straightening her dress, walked along with Sonya and sat down, looking around the illuminated rows of opposite boxes. She had not experienced for a long time the feeling that hundreds of eyes were looking at her bare arms and neck, suddenly and pleasantly and unpleasantly seized her, causing a whole swarm of memories, desires and worries corresponding to this sensation.
Two remarkably pretty girls, Natasha and Sonya, with Count Ilya Andreich, who had not been seen in Moscow for a long time, attracted everyone's attention. In addition, everyone knew vaguely about Natasha's conspiracy with Prince Andrei, knew that since then the Rostovs had lived in the village, and looked with curiosity at the bride of one of the best grooms in Russia.
Natasha grew prettier in the village, as everyone told her, and this evening, thanks to her agitated state, she was especially good. She struck with the fullness of life and beauty, combined with indifference to everything around. Her black eyes looked at the crowd, looking for no one, and a thin, bare arm above the elbow, leaning on a velvet ramp, obviously unconsciously, in time with the overture, clenched and unclenched, crumpling the poster.
“Look, here is Alenina,” Sonya said, “it seems with her mother!”
- Fathers! Mikhail Kirilych has grown even fatter,” said the old count.
– Look! Anna Mikhailovna is our current!
- The Karagins, Julie and Boris are with them. Now you can see the bride and groom. - Drubetskoy made an offer!
- How, now I found out, - said Shinshin, who was a member of the Rostovs' box.
Natasha looked in the direction in which her father was looking, and saw Julie, who, with pearls on her thick red neck (Natasha knew, sprinkled with powder), was sitting with a happy look, next to her mother.
Behind them with a smile, tilted ear to Julie's mouth, one could see the smoothly combed, beautiful head of Boris. He looked frowningly at the Rostovs and smilingly said something to his bride.
“They are talking about us, about me and him!” thought Natasha. “And he truly calms the jealousy of his bride for me: they worry in vain! If only they knew how I don't care about any of them."
At the back sat Anna Mikhailovna, dressed in a green robe, with a devoted to the will of God and a happy, festive face. In their box there was that atmosphere - the bride and groom, whom Natasha knew and loved so much. She turned away and suddenly everything that was humiliating in her morning visit came to her mind.
“What right does he have to not want to accept me into his kinship? Oh, better not think about it, not think about it until he arrives!” she said to herself and began to look at the familiar and unfamiliar faces in the stalls. In front of the stalls, in the very middle, leaning back against the ramp, stood Dolokhov with a huge shock of curly hair combed up, in a Persian costume. He stood in the very sight of the theatre, knowing that he drew the attention of the whole hall to himself, as freely as if he were standing in his room. The most brilliant youth of Moscow crowded around him, and he apparently excelled among them.
Count Ilya Andreich, laughing, nudged the blushing Sonya, pointing out to her former admirer.
- Did you know? - he asked. “And where did he come from,” the count turned to Shinshin, “because he disappeared somewhere?”
- Disappeared, - answered Shinshin. “I was in the Caucasus, and there I fled, and, they say, he was a minister in Persia for some sovereign prince, he killed the Shakhov’s brother there: well, all the Moscow ladies go crazy! Dolochoff le Persan, [Persian Dolokhov,] and that's it. We now have no word without Dolokhov: they swear by him, they call him like a sterlet, - said Shinshin. - Dolokhov, yes Kuragin Anatole - all of our ladies were driven crazy.
A tall, beautiful lady with a huge plait and very bare, white, full shoulders and neck, on which there was a double string of large pearls, entered the neighboring benoir, and sat down for a long time, rustling her thick silk dress.
Natasha involuntarily peered into this neck, shoulders, pearls, hairstyle and admired the beauty of the shoulders and pearls. While Natasha was already peering at her for the second time, the lady looked around and, meeting her eyes with Count Ilya Andreich, nodded her head and smiled at him. It was Countess Bezukhova, Pierre's wife. Ilya Andreich, who knew everyone in the world, leaned over and spoke to her.
“Long time ago, Countess?” he spoke. - I'll come, I'll come, I'll kiss your hand. But I came here on business and brought my girls with me. They say Semyonova plays incomparably,” said Ilya Andreevich. - Count Pyotr Kirillovich never forgot us. He is here?
“Yes, he wanted to come in,” Helen said and looked at Natasha carefully.
Count Ilya Andreich again sat down in his place.
- Is it good? he whispered to Natasha.
- Miracle! - said Natasha, - you can fall in love! At this time, the last chords of the overture sounded and the bandmaster's stick rattled. In the parterre, belated men went to their seats and the curtain rose.
As soon as the curtain rose, everything fell silent in the boxes and stalls, and all the men, old and young, in uniforms and tailcoats, all the women in precious stones on their naked bodies, with greedy curiosity directed all their attention to the stage. Natasha also began to look.

On the stage there were even boards in the middle, painted pictures depicting trees stood on the sides, and a canvas on boards was stretched behind. In the middle of the stage were girls in red corsages and white skirts. One, very fat, in a white silk dress, was sitting especially on a low stool, to which a green cardboard was pasted at the back. They all sang something. When they finished their song, the girl in white went up to the prompter's booth, and a man in tight-fitting silk pantaloons on thick legs, with a feather and a dagger, came up to her and began to sing and spread his arms.
The man in tight trousers sang alone, then she sang. Then they both fell silent, the music began to play, and the man began to run his fingers over the hand of the girl in the white dress, obviously waiting for the beat again to begin his part with her. They sang together, and everyone in the theater began to clap and shout, and the man and woman on the stage, who portrayed lovers, began to bow, smiling and spreading their arms.

President of the Republic of Mongolia

President of the Republic of Mongolia since June 2009. Former chairman of the Mongolian Democratic Party (2006-2008), former chairman of the Mongolian National Democratic Party (1996-1999). Twice served as Prime Minister of Mongolia (1998, 2004-2006). He was elected as a member of the Mongolian Parliament in 1990, 1992 and 1996. He was vice-speaker of the State Great Khural (1996-1998) and leader of the parliamentary majority (1996-2000). He was mentioned in the media as one of the founders of the Mongolian Democratic Union and the leader of the peaceful revolution in Mongolia.

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was born on March 30, 1963 in the somon (district) Zereg aimag (region) Khovd of the Mongolian People's Republic, in the family of a shepherd. Elbegdorj was the youngest of eight children.

Soon Elbegdorzh was drafted into the Mongolian People's Army, in which he had to serve for three years. In the army, he became a member of the Mongolian Revolutionary Youth Union, and was promoted to sergeant. In addition, Elbegdorzh was fond of poetry, wrote poetry. After two of his short works were published in the army newspaper, the editor-in-chief of the publication met with Elbegdorj and offered to go to the Soviet Union to get a journalistic education. He agreed to try, passed three exams and received one of two places distributed among fifty applicants.

In 1988, Elbegdorj returned to Mongolia and for some time worked as a correspondent for the army newspaper "Ulaan od", ("Red Star").

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Elbegdorj became one of the first "young democrats". At the end of November 1989, Elbegdorj was sent as a delegate and one of the organizers of a major youth conference. In the course of an informal discussion of the tasks of the upcoming conference, a small group of organizers decided to approach the delegates with the idea of ​​creating a non-governmental organization - the Mongolian movement in support of the policy of perestroika and glasnost, similar to that pursued in the USSR by General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev. In addition, Elbegdorj offered to start publishing his own newspaper.

It was Elbegdorj who was instructed to come up with these ideas at the conference, which brought together not only more than a thousand delegates from various youth organizations, but also members of the Politburo of the monopoly ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP). Elbegdorj won the right to speak and invited interested delegates to meet after the conference. More than a hundred people responded to his call and created an opposition association, the Mongolian Democratic Union. Elbegdorzh became one of the leaders new organization, nicknamed "the first thirteen Democrats".

On December 10, 1989, the International Human Rights Day, the Mongolian Democratic Union held its first demonstration, demanding from the country's authorities the introduction of a multi-party system, the privatization of socialist property, and the proclamation of freedom of speech and religion. Every week, the organizers of the action began to organize rallies throughout the country, at which they told whether the leadership of Mongolia had accepted their proposals: if for the first time about a thousand people came, then a month later there were already a hundred thousand. At the same time, it was Elbegdorzh who spoke at all major mass rallies, becoming the main speaker of the Democrats. In 1990, he began to publish the newspaper "Democracy",,.

On March 9, 1990, three months after the start of peaceful protests that swept the whole country, the MPRP Politburo resigned,,.

In June 1990, the first democratic elections to the parliament of Mongolia, the Great People's Khural, were held, as a result of which Elbegdorzh became a deputy. At the same time, the MPRP remained in power, since only 10 percent of voters supported the Democrats. Following the results of the elections to the State Great Khural in 1992, after the country's new constitution was adopted, the Democrats were again defeated (though Elbegdorj himself again became a member of parliament), and the MPRP received 70 out of 76 deputy mandates.

It is known that Elbegdorj remained a deputy until 1994, after which he worked as an expert in the National Security Council for two years.

In 1996, Elbegdorj was re-elected as a Member of Parliament. This time, the Democrats won for the first time. Of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural, 35 went to the Mongolian Democratic Union, and 15 to their partners in the Democratic Union coalition. Thus, the Democrats ended up with 50 deputy mandates - one less than was required to obtain a qualified majority (two-thirds of the total) required to pass laws,.

Elbegdorj was called the most likely candidate for the post of Prime Minister of Mongolia. As a result, this position went to Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, and Elbegdorzh became the vice speaker of the State Great Khural of the second convocation and the leader of the parliamentary majority, being at the head of the democratic faction,,. Then, in 1996, Elbegdorj became chairman of the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP). In the same period, he was mentioned in the media as the chairman of the state commission for the rehabilitation of victims of political repression.

In April 1998, after a faction led by the MNDP leader initiated the resignation of the Enkhsaikhan government, Elbegdorj himself became the head of the Mongolian government. True, after three months, party colleagues also achieved his removal from this post,,. At the same time, Elbegdorj, who was the acting prime minister, led the cabinet until December 1998, when the Democrats elected a new head of government,. During the four years in power, the Democrats managed to appoint five Prime Ministers of Mongolia.

After the resignation of Elbegdorj until the end of the term of office of the State Great Khural of the second convocation, he was the leader of the parliamentary majority. In April 1999, the leadership of the MNDP "had complete replacement": Elbegdorj left the post of party leader, the current head of government Zhanlavyn Narantsatsralt was elected in his place. In 2000, the democrats were defeated - the MPRP won the next election, and Elbegdorj was not elected a member of the State Great Khural of the third convocation,.

After losing the election, Elbegdorj left for the United States. In 2001 he graduated from the Institute of Economics of the University of Colorado, and in 2002 from the School government controlled named after John F. Kennedy at Harvard University, receiving a master's degree in public administration,,,. In 2002-2003, Elbegdorj worked for the UN Millennium Development Goals program and was a consultant on the Free Press Project's governing board in Washington.

Elbegdorj returned to Mongolia in 2004, on the eve of the parliamentary elections, but did not run for office. According to the voting results, none of the parties received a majority of votes: the MPRP got 37 seats, and the Motherland-Democracy coalition - 35, three more deputy mandates went to independent candidates, and one to the representative of the Republican Party,. The main political opponents were forced to conclude an agreement, according to which the MPRP member Nambaryn Enkhbayar went to the post of speaker of the parliament, and the well-known politician Elbegdorzh was decided to be appointed prime minister,,.

The second time Elbegdorj led the government of Mongolia from August 2004 to January 2006,,. He was dismissed at the initiative of the MPRP, which managed to get a majority in parliament after one of the Democratic deputies joined the faction,. Elbegdorj insisted that the government was dismissed unlawfully, and his supporters staged a mass demonstration, which ended with the storming of the MPRP building,. According to some experts, the growing authority of the prime minister was the reason for the government's resignation. Elbegdorj then declared: "We are leaving, but we will return. We will return, having increased our ranks."

In March 2006, Elbegdorj was elected chairman of the Democratic Party of Mongolia, formed in December 2000 from the merger of the MNDP and the Mongolian Social Democratic Party. He took up preparations for the 2008 parliamentary elections: strengthening internal party work in primary, city and aimag organizations, party re-registration and admission of new members.

In the summer of 2006, Elbegdorj was called by experts and sources in diplomatic circles as one of the possible candidates for the post of UN Secretary General instead of the retiring Kofi Annan,,,. However, the position eventually went to South Korean diplomat Ban Ki-moon.

At the end of June 2008, regular parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia. It was announced that the MPRP won them, having received more than half of the seats (48) in the State Great Khural, while the Democrats received only 25 seats. After the announcement of the results, Elbegdorj expressed his disagreement with the results of the elections, calling them rigged. Unrest began in Ulaanbaatar (later these events in the press were called the "yurt revolution"). After open consultations with representatives of the authorities, the MPRP and all opposition parties, Mongolian President Enkhbayar declared a state of emergency in the capital on the night of July 2-3 for a period of four days,,, on the night of July 5-6, the state of emergency was lifted. Enkhbayar promised to deal with the facts of election violations. Subsequently, the Mongolian authorities agreed not only to consider the facts of violations during the parliamentary elections, but also to partially revise the voting results. However, for the Democratic Party, the results remained unchanged - it lost the elections. After the defeat of the party in August 2008, Elbegdorj resigned from the post of party leader (in September, the Democratic Party was headed by Norovyn Altankhuyag),.

In April 2009, the National Advisory Committee of the Democratic Party nominated Elbegzhorzh as a candidate in the Mongolian presidential election. In May of the same year, presidential elections were held in the country. Even before the announcement of their official results, the Democrats of Mongolia announced the victory of Elbegdorj, and his rival Enkhbayar, whose candidacy was nominated by the MPRP, admitted his defeat,. The inauguration ceremony for the new head of state took place in June 2009 in the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar.

Used materials

The inauguration ceremony of the new head of state was held in Mongolia. - NIA-Khakassia, 18.06.2009

Democratic Party candidate Ts. Elbegdorj won the presidential elections in Mongolia, N. Enkhbayar admitted his defeat. - Prime-TASS, 25.05.2009

The Mongolian Democrats announced the victory of their candidate in the presidential elections. - BBC News, Russian service, 24.05.2009

The pro-Western Democratic Party nominated Elbegzhorzh. - Zabinfo.ru, 08.04.2009

The Democratic Party of Mongolia has a new chairman. - Zabinfo.ru, 02.09.2008

Alexander Gabuev. In the depths of the Mongolian ores. - Power, 14.07.2008. - № 27 (780)

Youth, education

Second degree

After retiring, he studied for about a year at the Economic Institute of the University of Colorado (Boulder), where he received a diploma in 2001. In received a master's degree in business management from the Government School. J. Kennedy of Harvard University.

Prime Minister: second term

Elbegdorj with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in Ulaanbaatar during a state visit to Mongolia on August 25, 2009

Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj makes a speech

Goals and results

Elbegdorj succeeded in legislating freedom of the press and public demonstrations in Mongolia. During his time in office, the state newspapers, television and radio stations were transformed into formally independent organizations with less state control.

He sought to reduce unemployment by supporting technical schools and specialized professions, providing the population with cheap computers and Internet access. He tried to stimulate business by cutting administrative costs, eliminating many compulsory licenses and import duties on a number of key product categories. Under him, Mongolia, along with 15 other developing countries, entered into an agreement (APS agreement), allowing most goods to be imported into the EU without import duties.

International relationships

Elbegdorj supported the granting of asylum to North Korean refugees who arrived in Mongolia via China. Many of them then went to South Korea.

Elbegdorj agreed to send a Mongolian contingent to Iraq in 2005.

In 2005, he also supported international demands for the release of Burmese opposition activist Aung San Suu Kyi and a number of other members of the Myanmar parliament.

Election 2009

Elbegdorj, Tsakhiagiin

Selected publications

• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Footstep of the Truth Is White, Ulaanbaatar 2000
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj The Years of Bearing Weight, Ulaanbaatar 2000
• Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj Mongolia: Moving Mountains, Washington Post, November 21, 2005.

Notes

Links

Biographical sources

(About Democratic Coalition won 36 out of 76 seats in parliament and the power sharing agreement, Elbegdorj becomes Prime Minister)

• James Brooke For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future New York Times, February 15, (Article on Elbegdorj's government changed second language from Russian into English)
• Elbegdorj speaks on Mongolia’s transition to capitalism Hoover Institution, May 20,

• Matthew Davis Voting Mongolia , world view Magazine Online, Volume 17, Number 4, Fall 2004 (Story on Elbegdorj’s party campaigning and Mongolians" voting in 2004)
• It's time to act on Burma, Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma, June 13,
• To move or not to move?(Interview about Elbegdorj's initiation of Karakorum development), U.B. Post, February 14,
• Mongolian daily newspapers , newspapers in Mongolian language , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1990-2006
• Daily News of Mongolia , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 1993-2006
• Mongolia ready for protests over political crisis Reuters, January 15,

Speeches, interviews

• James Brooke Mongolian PM evolves from journalist to statesman, (About Elbegdorj) New York Times, Page 5, December 26, ,

• Stuart Frohm Mongol Khan Quest, Mackinac Center for Public Policy, September 15,
• Mongolian Prime Minister's remarks, Bellwether Forum, September 9,

• Peter & Helen Evans One Year Toward Freedom- part 1 , part 2 , part 3 , part 4 , (Interview with Elbegdorj), Renew America March/April, 2004
• Letter from President Bush to Prime Minister Elbegdorj , Mongolia Web December 2005
• Communism to Democracy: Lessons from Mongolia on the Eve of the Election Campaign(Elbegdorj's talk), Heritage Foundation, May 30, Webcast of the talk

Change of government in 2006

• Lulu Zhou Mongolian PM Out of Office Harvard's Crimson- Harvard University's daily newspaper, January 20,
• Mongolians gather for large, snowy protest , Reuters, January 24,

Zakhchin by nationality. The youngest of 8 sons of a shepherd. He graduated from an 8-grade school in the Zereg somon (Kobdo aimag, western Mongolia). When he was 16 years old, the whole family moved to Erdenet, where he graduated from the city high school No. 1 in 1981

After school, he worked for a year at a mining company in Erdenet while waiting to be drafted into the army. In 1982-1983 He was in military service for a year. At this time, he wrote several poems, published in the central army newspaper "Mong. Ulaan Od" ("Red Star"). Thanks to these poems, after an interview at the Main Political Directorate of the Mongolian People's Army, he received a referral to the Lviv Military-Political School, where he studied in the specialty "military journalism" (graduated in 1988). For the next two years he worked as a journalist for the Ulaan Od newspaper.

Peaceful revolution 1990

While studying in the USSR, Elbegdorzh was influenced by the policy of perestroika and glasnost, which was then carried out in the USSR. Returning to Mongolia, he had a wide audience as a journalist and took advantage of this to propagate the ideas of perestroika and glasnost among Mongolian readers, as well as at meetings with interested parties.

On the morning of December 10, 1989, the first open demonstration took place in front of the Youth Palace in Ulaanbaatar in support of democratic ideas. At the rally, Elbegdorj announced the creation of the Mongolian Democratic Union. For several months, activists continued to organize demonstrations, hunger strikes, strikes of teachers and workers. Support for their ideas grew both in the capital and among the rural population.

The Politburo of the MPRP, which consisted mainly of elderly politicians, was unable to cope with the situation and entered into negotiations with the leaders of the democratic movement. In early 1990, the Prime Minister of Mongolia, Jambyn Batmunkh, dissolved the Politburo of the MPRP and resigned, after which the first multi-party elections were announced in Mongolia. Although the MPRP retained a majority in parliament, reforms continued, and on February 12, 1992, a new constitution was adopted that sealed Mongolia's transition to free market principles.

Thus, Mongolia became the first democratic [source not specified 69 days] state in Central Asia.

Activities in business and media

Elbegdorj founded the first Mongolian independent newspaper, Democracy, and was its editor-in-chief in 1990. For his efforts to establish freedom of the press in Mongolia, he received the Star of Press Freedom from the Association of Mongolian Journalists in 2000.

Elbegdorj founded the Mongolian Entrepreneurs' Association, which helped bring about the privatization of livestock by shepherds, as well as the return of property previously lost during collectivization. Following privatization, Mongolia's livestock population rose to over 30 million by the end of the 1990s, but fell again after a series of harsh winters. Under socialism, the livestock never exceeded 25 million, because. the state pursued a policy of limiting overgrazing, but in the post-socialist period, the increase in the number of livestock took on spontaneous proportions that threatened the country's ecology.

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Elbegdorj helped create the first independent television channel Eagle TV in 1994. The channel was owned by Mongolian Broadcasting Company (MBC, currently owned by Eagle Broadcasting Company), a joint venture between the American Christian missionary organization AMONG Foundation and Mongolia Media Corporation (MMC).

Political career

Elbegdorj was elected to the State Great Khural three times from 1990 to 2000. He actively participated in the preparation and drafting of the new Constitution of Mongolia, which guaranteed the protection of human rights, adherence to the principles of democracy and a market economy.

As chairman of the State Rehabilitation Commission, Elbegdorj initiated a state apology to the victims and families of more than 37,000 people who were repressed or killed during the years of the MPRP for political reasons. He played a key role in the passage of the Rehabilitation Act.

After the victory of the democratic coalition in the elections of 1996, he led the parliamentary majority in 1996-2000 and was vice-speaker in 1996-1998.

Prime Minister: first term

In 1998, the article of the constitution was repealed, which prohibited members of parliament from holding positions in the government. On April 23, 1998, Elbegdorj became the youngest Prime Minister of Mongolia in the last half century. Quite quickly, his reputation was tarnished due to the sale of the state-owned Reconstruction Bank to the private Golomt Bank, and two months after taking office, he lost the support of the Khural. However, since Khural was not immediately able to form a new government, he remained in office until December 9, all the while the president vetoed many of his party's proposals.

He was succeeded by Zhanlavyn Narantsatsralt, the former mayor of Ulaanbaatar.

Second degree

After retiring, he studied for about a year at the Economic Institute of the University of Colorado (Boulder), where he received a diploma in 2001. In 2002 he received a master's degree in business management from the Government School. J. Kennedy of Harvard University.

Prime Minister: second term

On August 20, 2004, Elbegdorj was appointed prime minister for the second time, forming a coalition government of representatives of democratic parties and the MPRP, since the parliamentary elections did not bring a clear victory to either side.

In August 2005, he withdrew his candidacy for the election of a deputy from Ulaanbaatar in connection with the MPRP's threats to withdraw from the coalition. As a result, the mayor of Ulaanbaatar, Miyegombyn Enkhbold, became a deputy.

Enkhbold announced that the government's task would be to fight corruption and poverty.

Despite the coalition agreement, the MPRP withdrew its ministers from the cabinet on January 13, 2006, as a result of which Elbegdorj himself resigned. The MPRP succeeded in forming a new government with the participation of defectors from the democratic coalition. Enkhbold became the new prime minister. These events sparked protest demonstrations in which high-ranking members of the MPRP were accused of corruption.

Goals and results

Elbegdorj succeeded in legislating freedom of the press and public demonstrations in Mongolia. During his time in office, the state newspapers, television and radio stations were transformed into formally independent organizations with less state control.

He sought to reduce unemployment by supporting technical schools and specialized professions, providing the population with cheap computers and Internet access. He tried to stimulate business by cutting administrative costs, eliminating many compulsory licenses and import duties on a number of key product categories. Under him, Mongolia, along with 15 other developing countries, entered into an agreement (APS agreement), allowing most goods to be imported into the EU without import duties.

International relationships

Elbegdorj supported the granting of asylum to refugees from North Korea who arrived in Mongolia through China. Many of them then went to South Korea.

Elbegdorj agreed to send a Mongolian contingent to Iraq in 2005.

In 2005, he also supported international demands for the release of Burmese opposition activist Aung San Suu Kyi and a number of other members of the Myanmar parliament.

Election 2009

In the May 24, 2009 elections, Elbegdorj won 51.24% of the vote and defeated the incumbent President of Mongolia, Nambaryn Enkhbayar. Prior to this, for the entire period of the existence of the republic since 1921, representatives of only the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party were the highest leaders of the country.

Activities in non-governmental organizations

Elbegdorj has been a permanent member of the board of the Mongolian Young Leader Foundation since 1992, and a member of the board of the Mongolian Academy of Political Education since 1993. In 2000, he founded the Mongolian Center for Freedom, a non-governmental organization for the protection of human rights, freedom of thought and education .

In addition, Elbegdorj took part in a number of international organizations and actions, including those under the auspices of the UN. He often lectures at universities and other public institutions in Mongolia and abroad.