Games and exercises for the development of coherent oral speech. Game "Description of objects": rules, description and interesting facts How to describe an object without naming it

Description- one of the most common components of monologue author's speech. In logical terms, to describe a phenomenon means to list its features. Already in the rhetoric of the eighteenth century, one can find certain schemes for constructing such texts: 1 - definition; 2 - whole - parts; 3 - external properties (shape, material); 4 - place; 5 - internal properties: functions, use.

Of course, descriptive texts are very diverse depending on a number of conditions. Firstly, the object of description itself plays an important role: animate - inanimate, portrait, landscape, event, etc. Secondly, it is very important whether the description is static, that is, one that interrupts the development of the text, or dynamic - usually small in volume, which does not suspend actions, but is included in the event. Finally, the purpose of the description, its function and the role of the author of the text are fundamentally significant.

From this point of view, factual and creative texts-descriptions can be contrasted.

Factual descriptions common in the scientific and technical field, engineering, in instructions, technical manuals, as well as in various kinds of reference publications. They are distinguished, on the one hand, by dryness, lack of emotional evaluation, and on the other, by completeness, clarity, accuracy and consistency.

The arrangement of parts in factual descriptions is usually as follows: 1 - the general purpose (function) of the subject; 2 - its components that are important for the addressee of the message (in descending order of importance), their purpose and work. Pay attention to the structure of the description texts presented in the instructions, dictionaries:

a) The cornice "String" is designed for hanging curtains made of light fabric on one string[function]. It consists of two brackets with fastening elements of a nylon string and decorative plastic covers.[whole - parts, properties, functions of parts].

b) Black elderberry - perennial, shrub or tree 3-10 m tall [general characteristics]. The trunk and branches are gray with lenticels along the bark. Leaves opposite, petiolate, pinnate. The flowers are small, fragrant, yellowish-white, in many-flowered corymbs. Fruit - black-violet, berry-like[components and their external properties]. Medicinal raw materials are inflorescences and fruits dried in stoves or dryers.[destination].

in) The badger is a rather large, up to 90 cm (and with a tail and more than a meter), animal with a silver-gray bristle [general description]. Yellowish-white stripes stretch from the nose to the back of the head, and through the eyes and ears - black line. Paws are strong with strong claws[components and their characteristics]. With these paws, he digs holes, deftly digs out roots, these paws also serve him for defense.[assignment of the part].

Creative descriptions necessarily contain emotional, aesthetic, artistic elements. When compiling them, several general rules: the subject must be presented separately from others (select it) in its unity, integrity; reveal characteristic properties, and these properties are not only the most significant for the narrator, but also will not leave the addressee indifferent.

When describing the subject of speech, it is very important to choose the main characteristic feature, the detail that makes the subject interesting. At the same time, it is necessary to find an accurate, vivid comparison, that is, to create an image based precisely on this characteristic feature, an essential feature of the object. No less important is the choice of point of view, the direction of the "look" at the subject.

The most typical is the following structure of a creative description text. First, a general picture of the surroundings is given (place, time, etc.), then the gaze, as it were, focuses on the subject and its characteristics are given. To create a vivid, emotional image, it is necessary to maintain the dynamism of the description.

So, if this is a landscape sketch, i.e. the object is “inactive” (for example, a lake, a hill, etc.), then changes in it can be described in different time. A vivid example of such a description can be found in the story of I.S. Turgenev "Yermolai and the Miller's Woman" (pay attention to how the "direction of gaze" of the narrator changes; how diverse are the "sensory" sources for creating the image - visual, auditory, olfactory, etc.):

A quarter of an hour before sunset, in the spring, you enter the grove with a gun, without a dog. You find yourself a place somewhere near the edge of the forest, look around, inspect the piston, wink with a friend. A quarter of an hour has passed. The sun has set, but it is still light in the forest; the air is clean and transparent; birds chattering babble; the young grass gleams with the merry sheen of emerald... you are waiting. The interior of the forest gradually darkens; the scarlet light of the evening dawn slowly glides over the roots and trunks of trees, rises higher and higher, passes from the lower, almost still bare, branches to the motionless, falling asleep tops ... Here the very tops have faded; the ruddy sky turns blue. The smell of the forest intensifies, there is a slight breeze of warm dampness; the wind that has flown in near you stops. Birds fall asleep - not all of a sudden - by breed: here the finches calmed down, after a few moments the robins, followed by the oatmeal. In the forest everything is getting darker and darker. The trees merge into great black masses; the first stars appear timidly in the blue sky. All birds are sleeping. Redstarts, small woodpeckers alone are still whistling drowsily ... So they fell silent.

If the object of speech is an inanimate physical object consisting of separate parts (for example, a city, a garden), then these parts, pictures from different sides are described. An example of this kind of descriptions is a brief description of the interior of Khory's hut from the story of I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich" (note how the selection of details of the description reveals such features of the owner of the dwelling as solidity, housekeeping, accuracy, the predominance of the utilitarian over the aesthetic):

We entered the hut. Not a single Suzdal painting covered clean log walls; in the corner, in front of a heavy image in a silver frame, a lamp was glowing; the lime table had recently been scraped and washed; frisky Prussians did not wander between logs and jambs of windows, brooding cockroaches did not hide.

If a “moral” object is characterized (luxury, modesty, idleness, etc.), then usually the description is given according to the principle: “genus” - “species”, “varieties”. When describing an actor, his properties and actions are usually characterized: one after another, gradually and separately. Pay attention to the ironic characterization of the landowner Polutykin from the same story by I.S. Turgenev. The author does not directly name such qualities of the hero as mismanagement, greed, lack of a sense of humor, pretension to taste, education in their total absence etc. I.S. Turgenev prefers to focus on the details, manifestations of the "varieties" of these "weaknesses" of the small Kaluga landowner:

As a hunter, while visiting Zhizdrinsky district, I met in the field and got acquainted with one Kaluga small landowner Polutykin, a passionate hunter and, therefore, an excellent person. True, there were some weaknesses behind him: for example, he wooed all the rich brides in the province and, having been refused by the hand and from the house, with a contrite heart he trusted his grief to friends and acquaintances, and sent sour peaches and other gifts to the parents of the brides. the raw produce of his garden; he liked to repeat the same anecdote, which, despite Mr. Polutykin's respect for his merits, definitely never made anyone laugh; praised the writings of Akim Nikhimov and the story of Pinnu; stuttered; called his dog Astronomer; instead, however, he spoke alone and started French cuisine in his house, the secret of which, according to the concepts of his cook, consisted in a complete change in the natural taste of each dish: the meat of this artisan was reminiscent of fish, fish - mushrooms, pasta - gunpowder; but not a single carrot fell into the soup without taking the form of a rhombus or a trapezoid. But with the exception of these few and insignificant shortcomings, Mr. Polutykin was, as has already been said, an excellent person.

The most diverse and individual descriptions in a work of art. Their structure, the means used are determined not only by the subject of speech, genre, function in the text, but also by the creative manner of the author, etc.

At the same time, in any description, it is necessary to ensure that the characteristics of the object of speech correspond to the specific author's task, be complete and accurate, and the highlighted details reflect the essential features of the object. The most important thing is to be able to highlight the property of the object, which makes it such. And then use this property as the core of all speech about the subject. When describing, one should avoid excessive detail, repetition and random, insignificant characteristics.

Class: 2

Presentation for the lesson

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Goals:

• Learn to describe and identify objects through their signs.
• Learn to compare objects according to their characteristics.
• To teach to generalize and classify objects according to any sign.

Preliminary preparation:

1. Bring any easily described objects or pictures with their image, for example: a sugar cube, a chocolate bar, a wooden ruler, a plain student notebook, etc.
2. Bring any pictures to compare in pairs, for example: a coin and a button, two colored pencils of the same size, two balls, etc.

DURING THE CLASSES

- Guys, Dunno came to our lesson today. We all know that this cheerful shorty is boastful, but very quick-witted. And he wants to learn how to describe things.
We must help Dunno! But for this we should remember - what signs did we study in the last lesson?
- Children list signs (properties) in turn: color, shape, material, size, weight, taste.
So, what does it mean to describe an object?

Describe item - this means explaining what kind of object it is, listing as many of its features as possible, i.e. pick up as many words as possible that answer the question: “What is this object?” (Slide 3)

Task "Describe the subject"(Slide 4)

- Let's try to describe some objects, i.e. list their characteristics.

The teacher shows the children various cards with objects: sugar, chocolate, a pencil, a notebook, a coin, a blackboard ...
Students should list as many features of this subject as possible.

For example, chocolate - brown, sweet, rectangular, hard, edible.

- And now let's do a similar task number 9 in the notebook.

Task number 9. ( slide 5)

- Guys, we have Pinocchio, a friend of Dunno. He would really like us to help him cope with the task - to describe the objects: a balloon and a refrigerator.
Students describe (verbally) each item. (Balloon - round, blue, light, rubber; Refrigerator - rectangular, white, heavy, metal).

“Now let’s take a break and play. For the game we need your palms.

The game "It happens - it doesn't happen" (physical pause)(Slide 6)

- I will now name objects with their signs, and you will sit quietly if the object has these signs, and clap your hands if they do not exist (you can use cards). And on the screen, a magic wand will help us with this.

For example: sweet lemon (pops), green sun (pops), black grapes (sometimes), white kitten (sometimes), wooden spoon (sometimes), kind blue crocodile (claps)…

Let's go back to the notebook.

Task number 10.(Slides 7, 8)

Dunno completed the task, but doubts the correctness of his answers. Let's check!

Students should color all the flags red and then change only the required features. For example, it is required to change only the color of the flag, which means that the children must draw the same flag, but of any other color, in the next case, only the shape of the flag is changed, etc.

(For students who work faster, you can offer to complete tasks under an asterisk and evaluate 2-3 works)

- Well done, Dunno! Did the job, got it right!

Task "Compare items"(Slide 9)

- Guys, Pinocchio found the cards and wants to check if we can name the common and distinguishing features of a pair of objects.
The teacher shows the children pairs of objects (pictures with objects) and asks them to name common features, and then find the features that distinguish them. For example:

Coin and button (the same in color and shape, but different in size and material)

Two balls (the same in shape and material, but different in size and color)

Two notebooks (the same in shape, size and material, but different in color)

Red balloon and tomato (same in color but different in size, shape and material), etc.

Let's go back to the notebook.

Task number 11.(Slide 10)

- This task is similar to what Pinocchio asked. Let's start comparing objects with common features, and then find the features that distinguish them.

Example: Stools are similar to everything except the shape, pencils are everything except the size, cars differ only in color, the next two items differ in name (mirror and clock), vases differ in size and shape, and shovels in size, shape, color and maybe material .

- Guys, I think Dunno understood what it means to describe an object. And now he wants to play a game with us - on the contrary. Dunno will list the signs, and we must guess the subject. All items are hidden in a magic hat.

Game "Guess the object"(Slide 11)

An object is described in as much detail as possible (only with signs), and the students guess it.

For example:

– fruit: yellow, oval, sour (LEMON);
- beast: forest, small, gray, prickly (Hedgehog);
- fish: sea, large, predatory, gray, toothy, evil (SHARK);

- Guys, Dunno loves to draw very much, but he does not always succeed. He wants us to draw for him ... (Work in a notebook)

Task number 12.(Slide 12)

a) a large, round, yellow vegetable (PUMPKIN);
b) a small, round, gray, metallic object (COIN).

Task number 13.(Slide 13)

– Dunno also likes to play different games. But now he has lost the toy and asks us to find it: it is a red, round, large object (BALL).

Task "Choose a common name and remove unnecessary items from the table"(Slide 14)

Fruits: apple, pear, apricot.
Edible items: apple, ice cream, pear, apricot, cherry.
Round objects: apple, ball.
Yellow items: apricot, apple, pear.

- We know that Dunno is a big naughty. He gathered all the buttons together. And on what basis now they are divided, completely confused. Let's help him separate the buttons and find out how many groups we got. (Work in a notebook)

Task number 14.(Slide 15)

- First, we divide the buttons according to one attribute - by color, and then according to another - by shape.

Students should divide the buttons in one line by color - yellow and green, the other - by shape - oval and round.

- So, we got 4 groups: green round, green oval, yellow round, yellow oval. (The student must independently draw this conclusion).

Task number 15.(Slide 16)

- This task is reminiscent of "... remove unnecessary items from the table." Shall we play with the unknown?
It is necessary to cross out an extra item and explain the reason, i.e. name a sign that makes the object superfluous in this group:

1) An oval ball, as the only one among the other round objects;
2) Big ball, because it is larger than other objects in size;
3) The blue ball, as the only one among the other yellow objects;
4) The ball, because all other objects are balls.

- Guys, in the following tasks Dunno invites us to finish the objects. I think we will cope with these tasks.

Task number 16.(Slide 17)

Children must determine the pattern of the arrangement of the figures and draw the next figure, keeping this pattern. Define the form first next figure(circle), then color (green).

Task number 17.(Slide 18)

From the bottom row of subjects, students must choose a subject that, for some reason, can be included in the upper group of subjects. In this case, each item should be checked.

Answers: a red cup matches only in color, a coin only in shape, and a button in both color and shape.

Lesson summary:

- So, today in the lesson, together with Dunno, we learned to describe and define objects through their signs, to compare objects according to their signs.

Homework:(Slide 19)

Let's remember the game "It happens - it doesn't happen". In this task, you need to find the artist’s mistakes in the drawing, i.e. something that "doesn't happen".

Task cards(Slides 21-26)

At the end of the lesson, students are given cards with tasks in the form of tests for two options. The degree of assimilation of new material is checked.

Option 1: (Slides 21-23)

Option 2: (Slides 24-26)

Literature:

1. Guidelines for teachers, grade 2, A.V. Goryachev, K.I. Gorina, N.I. Suvorova.
2. Informatics in games and tasks, Grade 2, part 2. A.V. Goryachev, K.I. Gorina, N.I. Suvorova.
3. Informatics tests, grade 2, O.N. Krylova.

A game for a child is not just entertainment. This is an occupation that helps him develop, learn about the world, learn to communicate with peers and adults, be aware not only of himself and his personal needs, but also of other people and their needs. You can play in different ways: with the help of toys, sports equipment, board games, collective fun. There are games that you can happily immerse yourself in for a very long time and get as a result not only pleasure, but also the practical benefits of entertainment. Among them is the game "Description of the subject." What kind of activity is this, how to play it and what is needed for this - you will learn more from this publication.

Simple games for kids

Children, left to their own devices, in the end always come up with not the best entertainment for themselves and their friends, sometimes even dangerous ones. In fact, it is not so difficult to captivate children, especially since for years teachers and educators have developed interesting tasks for their wards. Some of them, fascinating and interesting (this is a fact), remained in the distant past of their parents, but now it's time for them to delve into their memory and remember what they were taught in the classroom. kindergarten, camps and aftercare at school.

For many years, among the favorite activities of children, there were very simple but funny games:

"Last letter" - when the host calls the word, and the player needs to pronounce a new one, but which will begin with the last letter of the previous one.

“Broken phone” - the players whisper the word said by the first participant into each other's ears, and the last person announces the result. Often, the original version was distorted beyond recognition due to general laughter.

"Describing an Object" - a game a little more serious than the previous ones, consisted in the fact that the participants gave a description of different things. It can be played as a large group, or just sipping tea in the kitchen in family circle.

The big advantage of these classes is that they do not require the use of special equipment, materials and are able to calm down the noisy children.

So many useful things!

"Description of the subject" is, first of all, an educational game that teachers use to develop children's speech. This is a fairly universal activity that can be done by kids of two or three years old, and older children, including elementary school students. The purpose of the assignment is a comprehensive description of the subject from nature or its image. Such a game helps to increase the vocabulary of children very well, in addition, it teaches attention concentration, after all, participants always need to follow what competitors said, trains memory due to the fact that it is necessary to remember the already spoken characteristics and properties.

When children play in a group, during the lesson they develop good communication skills, understand the principle of interaction with each other. In the family circle - this is a chance to find an approach to the baby; having talked to him during a simple game, parents will be able to reach out to the child in more serious things.

Description rules

The main goal of the game is to describe items. The rules of the traditional version assume that the leader (teacher, educator, parent or nanny) shows the child an object. These can be pre-prepared things or any object that comes to hand, and the participants need to create its verbal portrait, highlighting as many characteristics as possible. You can even do without a visual object, it is enough for the leader to name the intended word, then the game will turn out to be more interesting, because the children will use their own imagination and fantasy.

If this is a game with no sporting interest, respectively, without winners and losers, the participants name the properties of the object until their knowledge runs out. During the competition, the children take turns describing the hidden thing, and the winner is the child or group that came up with the last word.

Who is in the game?

The game “Describe the object” is also good because even one child will be enough to participate in it. That is, mother and baby will be able to describe everything that surrounds them indefinitely (or until one of them gets bored). A group of several children will play with no less enthusiasm.

In the case when more than 2-3 guys are involved in the game, it makes sense to divide them into teams. This innovation is more effective for older children who are already able to recognize and understand the spirit of healthy competition. In addition, for such a game you need a really good vocabulary, otherwise the topic of conversation will exhaust itself too quickly.

And we'll talk about...

Description of the item - a game for children, which may be interesting for kids with different hobbies. To involve the participant in the lesson, you can choose the most attractive items for him to describe - favorite toys, cartoon characters or even pictures of landscapes.

The didactic materials that will be used are best selected on a specific topic and, based on the given parameters, ask specific questions, this will help to make the most in-depth description of the subject. Examples:

• The theme of the game is fruits. The facilitator uses figures of different fruits or their images, demonstrating each of them in turn, asks the participants in the game to describe what they see. So, strawberries are red, ripe, with a tail, dotted, sweet, big, clean. Apple - green, juicy, wormy, fragrant, tasty, bitten, etc.
• The theme of the game is toys. Again, you can take specific things from children, and cards with images. The game can be made more difficult by asking children to use more complex terminology rather than just talking about sizes, colors, or shapes of objects. Robot - transformer, mechanical, electronic, speaking.
• The theme is life. This is the perfect game to play at home, although in conditions educational institutions It will help unleash the potential of children. Here they will need to describe various household utensils. As a rule, this causes some difficulties for children, because they have to think carefully about the properties and functions of familiar but rarely used objects.

The Description of Items game is very self-sufficient, but it will be more interesting to play it if you get items from a “magic” box or bag. This focus will grab the attention of the children and keep their attention on the leader.

Complicating the rules

Another version of the game is when the facilitator asks the children leading questions. They can relate to completely different characteristics of objects:

1. What's this?
2. What is the shape of the object, its color, filling, smell, taste?
3. What is this thing for, do people use it at home, at work, and for what purpose?

It is also possible to provide participants with a certain number of objects or their images and invite them to sort them according to some sign - color, shape, purpose. By setting a time barrier for sorting, the host will make the game more dynamic and reckless.

Inside out

When playing the description of objects, you can have fun using a different point of view. In this case, the child will need to create qualitative characteristic things, according to which an adult (or another participant) must guess a specific item.

This option is a kind of riddle that does not need to be memorized, but you can come up with yourself. Team game looks like this: a leader is selected who describes the subject in front of his group, they can guess either all together or in turn. It is best to write the words on cards in advance, and hand them out to the participants directly during the game.

The main goal of such activities with children is the development of their speech and intelligence. In addition, they have other practical benefits. The child learns to carry out elementary analysis, and with the growth of his intellectual abilities, he himself will raise the level of his game.

Having mastered the initial knowledge of objects and their properties, you can ask the child to create on the basis of just one object or its image short story. To overcome the first awkwardness and misunderstanding on the part of the participants, it is better for the facilitator to show real example players and create a description of the subject, which the children will choose for their teacher.

GAMES AND EXERCISES FOR DEVELOPMENT

CONNECTED SPEECH

WHO WILL SPEAK BETTER?

Didactic task: to identify the active vocabulary of children; develop coherent speech.

Equipment: a set of plot pictures, a pennant.

Note. In the second half of the school year, the pictures are distributed in order to the children of one row, and they make up a consistent story. You can offer to make a story on one picture to several

DESCRIBE THE SUBJECT

Didactic task: to learn to describe an object, highlighting its essential features; develop intonation expressiveness of speech.

Equipment: a set of toys (6-8 pieces), models of vegetables and fruits.

Content. Having chosen one toy, the teacher invites the children to look at it, remember what they know about it, and describe the toy. A sample of the first description is given by the teacher. Then two toys are described simultaneously (by comparison). You can describe the toy without showing it. Whoever guesses what it is about becomes a "teacher". Subsequently, any objects familiar to children (aquarium, TV, telephone, etc.) are described.

WHERE WAS THE NEWBOOK?

Didactic task: to teach children to introduce elements of description into the story; recognize an object by its description.

Equipment: baby books, forfeits.

Content. The teacher says: “Imagine that a new student has come to our class. He really liked our school. Let him tell where he went, without naming the places - we will guess for ourselves. Children take turns independently or with the help of a teacher describe the dining room, library, teacher's room, medical room. If the child begins to describe a room that is not in the school, the fant pays. Baby books are given for the best description.

WHEN DOES THIS HAPPEN?

Didactic task: exercise children in the ability to answer the question in full sentences; clarify the concept of seasons.

Equipment: plot pictures on the theme "Seasons".

WHO WILL SEE THE MOST?

Didactic task: identify children's active vocabulary; develop coherent speech.

Equipment: plot picture.

Content. The teacher hangs a picture in front of the children and offers to tell what is shown on it. Children who do not know how to talk can name two or three main subjects. Children with a large vocabulary name an object, its actions or state. Children with coherent speech can make up four to five sentences. The game continues until everything essential has been named.

Option. Children examine the picture, then it is removed. The children must tell from memory what is depicted on it. For control, the picture is posted again.

READ AND DESCRIBE

Didactic task: exercise children in reading words of different structures; learn to describe the subject coherently, without naming it.

Equipment: word tables.

storkbisonapplesiron

duckelephantcherriestelephone

woodpeckerrhinoceros plum.television etc.

The teacher shows one word, the children should read it to themselves and tell what they know about this subject, for example: “This migrant, with a red beak and red legs. Found in Belarus. It feeds on frogs. Nests are built on treetops and rooftops. Guess word stork read.

DESCRIBE WITHOUT SEEING

Didactic task: improve the ability to describe an object without seeing it.

Equipment: various items, toys.

Content. Children memorize the items on the shelf, then turn away. One of the items is removed. The child must determine which object is missing and describe it in a few phrases. Initially, there should be no more than four items on the shelf, later their number increases to six to eight. Items can be matched to have specific sounds in their names. The best answers are encouraged.

COMPLETE A RIDDLE

Didactic task: increase the active vocabulary of children; learn to describe an object, highlighting its characteristic properties.

Equipment: familiar objects and toys.

MAKE A FABULOUS

Didactic task: develop monologue speech, fantasy of children; help in the search for figurative expressions.

Equipment: asterisks.

INVITE GUESTS

Didactic task: teach children to correctly describe the path from home to school and back.

Equipment: so-printed game according to the rules of the road.

Content. The game situation is created with the help of the question: who wants to invite guests and tell how to get to him? The teacher gives a sample story. Further, the child himself names the streets along which he walks, indicates turns, special signs of paths and alleys, etc. The teacher helps the children, trying not to disturb the game situation. The game is played at the end of the lesson. For the best stories, kids get so-printed traffic games.

ABOUT DOLL

Didactic task: develop the monologue speech of children; introduce narrative elements into their speech; test the ability of children to hear certain sounds in words.

Equipment: different dolls.

Content. Children come up with a story of three or four sentences about the Katya doll. Each sentence must contain a word with sound to . The teacher gives a sample story. words with sound to are analyzed. Who will come up with best story, on this day, plays with a doll or gives it to a friend to play. In the future, the children come up with a story about the Rita doll, etc.

LET'S PREPARE LUNCH

Didactic task: learn to follow the sequence in the story; develop monologue speech.

Equipment: forfeits.

LOCAL RADIO

Didactic task: develop coherent speech, observation, memory; to promote the manifestation of a sense of humor in children's speech.

Equipment: forfeits.

Content. The teacher says that the announcer will make an important announcement today. He will describe the lost child, and we must find the one who is lost. The teacher gives a sample message (describes one of the children), then appoints an announcer. It should be noted characteristics the appearance of the lost. If the announcer gave a description by which the children did not recognize anyone, they answer: “We don’t have such a child!”. Then the announcer pays a fant. Fanta at the end of the game are played.

WHAT TOY?

Didactic task: give an example of consistent familiarization with the subject (with its verbal description); exercise in the ability to examine and describe a similar subject.

Equipment: two nesting dolls, two trucks, etc. (the toys are the same, they differ only in details).

LET'S MAKE A STORY TOGETHER

Didactic task: to introduce elements of reasoning into the speech of children (i.e., reports of facts that are in a cause-and-effect relationship); learn to work together.

Equipment: a set of pictures, the plots of which reflect the labor processes and recreation of people at different times of the year: “Haymaking”, “At the Post Office”, “Harvest Day”, etc.