The missing division of the Urals. Combat route 1181 rifle regiment 356 rifle division

Regiment formation
On August 26, 1941, 179 officers from the Cherepovets Infantry School arrived at the 369th SD.

From August 5, 1941 to October 19, 1941 in the village. Paderniki [(Poderinskoye?)], Kurgan district Chelyabinsk region 1227 joint venture was formed, which.

He was staffed with conscripts called up for military service from the Bashkir ASSR, the Chelyabinsk region and a small number from other regions of the USSR.

The work on the formation of this unit was carried out by the regiment commander - lieutenant colonel Miginsky, the military commissar of the regiment - political instructor Timelov and the chief of staff - major Lukinykh.

On October 19, 1941, the regiment was fully formed and was engaged in the training of personnel until November 10, 1941.

Combat activities of the regiment
On November 10, 1941, the regiment, as an independent military unit, went to the front by order of the command, at first. 3 days after arrival in location area an order was received from the high command - to plunge into the mountains. Cherepovets and go to the Kalinin Front as part of the 29th Army.

The regiment received its first baptism of fire as an independent unit at 17.00 on December 28, 1941, while fighting for the village of Zabolotye, Kalinin Region.

Despite strong resistance from the pr-ka, the regiment destroyed their fortifications, thereby breaking their resistance, occupied the above-mentioned settlement and causing great damage to the pr-ku, developing a further offensive [in the period from 12/28/41 to 01/07/42] liberated the following settlements points: Bogatkovo, St. Glinkino, Senchukovo, Pavlovo, Moskvino, Klimovo, Grynsievo, Poletkino, Kushnikovo, Maslovo, Krasnoye, Sloboda, Bratkovo, Bely, Old and New Sleeve, Shchetinino, a school and a church in the Nemtsovo district.

Despite fatigue and part of the retired personnel, the regiment entered the battle in the Plotnikovo and Nemtsovo districts. The enemy prepared a defensive line in advance and put up fierce resistance, but despite this, a blow was struck and the avenue suffered losses. Up to 300 people were killed. infantry.

In these battles, 1 SB under the command of the battalion commander, Lieutenant Kapelman, especially distinguished himself, who, following on the heels of the enemy, with the least losses, destroying the enemy’s manpower, liberated 8 settlements from the Nazis. In addition, the 3rd line of the 1SB company under the command of Lieutenant Khmelnitsky Andrei Lukich also showed an example of combat skills [died of wounds on 30-12-41]. Being allocated to an assault detachment, 3 SR 1 SB, storming strongholds and destroying enemy manpower, occupied settlements, thereby making it possible for the regiment to move forward.

On January 12, 1942, by order of the command, the regiment was transferred to the area of ​​the Monchalovo station and, after a perfect march, entered the battle for the village of Tolstikovo, which was crowned with failure. The reasons for this were solely that the enemy broke through into the junction of the army, in the area of ​​​​Kokoshkino and Nozhkino, as a result of which the regiment was surrounded in the Tolstikovo area.

Being surrounded by the regiment continued to resist, while conducting thorough reconnaissance, studying the weak and strengths enemy. Having received data from a group of scouts commanded by Lieutenant Kalyakin in February, the regiment began to move out of the encirclement in an organized manner.

After leaving the enemy ring on March 10, 1942, the regiment began to form again in the village of Dmitrovo, Lukovnikovsky district, Kalinin region. Having received a replenishment in the amount of 1,700 people, and by order of the command, he was sent to the Zalkovo-Varyusheno region, where he took up defense in the 2nd echelon of the army.

The commander of the regiment was [appointed] Colonel Kasyanenko Demyan Klavdievich [former commander of the 280th joint venture, 185th SD], the military commissar of the regiment was battalion commissar Fraiman Peretz Rubinovich [former military commissar of the 910th joint venture, 243rd SD], the chief of staff was Captain Soldatov [Ivan Fedorovich].

On July 18, the regiment surrendered its sector of defense to the 114th Det. Educational Page brigade and having made a march of 60 km was located in the Volynovo area, where on 07/31/42 he entered the battle to break through the enemy defenses.

First battle after leaving the encirclement
On July 31, 1942, by order of the command, the regiment entered the battle with the task of pinning down the enemy from the front, while simultaneously having the task of breaking through the defense line and advancing in the direction of the village. Trinity and gain a foothold.

After 2 days of fighting on the orders of the command, the regiment fighting stopped and took up the defense, which was surrendered on 1.08.42 by the 5th SD.

Up to 60 German soldiers and officers were destroyed in the battles.

On August 7, 1942, by order of the command, the regiment surrendered the defense sector and made a march of 60 km. 08/09/42 concentrated in the area south of Moloshno, and then, having made a march of 12 km at a height of 217.6 marks. 219.0 stopped for an attack on Glyadenovo, Startsevo, Kleshnevo.

On August 11, 1942, the regiment advanced on vil. Galakhovo. The enemy put up fierce resistance. The ground forces of the enemy were covered by aircraft, the combat formations of the regiment were subjected to intense bombing.

Having captured the settlement [according to - only two extreme houses] from the front, the regiment, leaving cover, changed the direction of the offensive and began to successfully move forward at el. 195.9, corner of the forest, on the "muk. z-d" mountains. Rzhev. The regiment was commanded by Captain Soldatov I[van]. F[yodorovich, born in 1912 - for the battles on 08/12/42 he was awarded the Order of the "Red Banner", went all the way to lieutenant colonel with a division until the end of the war and remained alive].

08/15/42 a group of enemy submachine gunners of 30-40 people, leaking on the flank to the rear of the battle formations, tried to surround the regimental command post, but was destroyed, 2 people. captured.

Captured: 2 light machine guns, one sniper rifle, 12 rifles, grenades and several boxes of rifle cartridges.

The following distinguished themselves in the operation: Lieutenant Porokhnya [Sergei Kuzmich, born in 1919, air defense platoon commander], Sergeant Boroshenko, the first awarded the Order of the Red Banner, posthumously], the second medal "For Courage".

Instead of Comrade Freiman, who was out of action, the military commissar, regimental commissar Nechistik Maxim Grigoryevich, newly appointed regimental commissar, arrived.

08/17/42 instead of the retired regiment commander comrade. Kosyanenko, the newly appointed commander of the regiment, major, now lieutenant colonel Comrade Basov Alexander Ignatievich arrived.

The regiment, having mastered the height of 195.9 and reaching the corner of the forest, received a new task - to advance on the north-eastern outskirts of the city of Rzhev, through the Rzhev forest. Carrying out the assigned task, clearing the forest from German machine gunners, the regiment advanced in the direction of the railway, on its left side. The enemy, having built a heavily fortified zone, offered strong resistance, but despite this, acting in small assault groups, the regiment continued to push the enemy and reached the edge of the forest, which is 2 km north. Apoc.

During these operations, the enemy often launched a counterattack. On the night of 08/27/42 to 08/28/42, the enemy tried to restore his position by launching tank attacks twice. At 22-00 on August 27, 1942, the enemy, up to an infantry company, with the support of 3 tanks, launched the first counterattack, which was successfully repelled by the regiment's units. At 0300 on 08/28/42, the enemy launched a second counterattack, up to a company with 5 tanks. The enemy counterattacks were repulsed by the battalion of Senior Lieutenant Ryndin N[ikolai] S[tepanovich, born in 1911. - died in October 1942]. The enemy suffered heavy losses; only 25 people were killed.

In battle, the units of Lieutenant Gavrilov, awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, II degree [posthumously], Lieutenant Fedorovs [Mikhail Dmitrievich, born 1902], awarded the Order of the Red Banner, Senior Sergeant Ponomarev [Nikolai Dmitrievich, born 1915. ], was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

08/28/42 having received the task of advancing on the detachment. quarter, which is south of 300 m. booths, the regiment launched an offensive with the support of an armored train, which was not successful due to the small number of combat personnel.

For 16 days, the regiment tried to improve its positions by operating in separate assault groups, but did not achieve success. The main reason for the failures must be considered the small number of combat personnel. By that time, the regiment, conducting continuous offensive operations and not receiving replenishment, had only 35-40 active bayonets.

On September 2, 1942, the enemy tried to counterattack our battle formations. On the sowing on the outskirts of the city of Rzhev, the enemy, having concentrated up to an infantry company and opening a hurricane of artillery-mortar fire, tried to break through our defenses, but the fire of our artillery and mortars was partly destroyed and dispersed.

From 09/14/42 to 09/20/42, by order of the command, the regiment was in the 2nd echelon of the division and was located in the forest, north of the city of Rzhev.

The combat formations of the units were subjected to heavy artillery shelling and air raids, but despite this, the regiment continued to hold its defense sector.

On September 20, 1942, by order of the command, the regiment took over the defense sector of the 439 joint venture, 52 SD, southeast. railway booths 100 m. and took up defense.

On September 21, 1942, the regiment advanced on the left flank on the 16th quarter of the city of Rzhev. Having met strong enemy resistance, the subunits did not reach the given line, lay down and took up defensive positions.

On September 22, 1942, a reinforcement of 379 SDs in the amount of 274 people arrived, by order of the command on September 23, 1942, the regiment began to advance on the corner of the north-west of the outskirts of the nameless quarter, which is north of quarter 17.

Having prepared the offensive well, with a decisive throw, the subunits overcame the barbed wire and captured the first line of enemy trenches, without stopping movement on the shoulders of the retreating enemy, the first of the division broke into the outskirts of the 17th and 19th quarters of the city of Rzhev.

Distinguished in battle: battalion commander Senior Lieutenant Samsonov [Nikolai Mikhailovich, born in 1919], for which he was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

From 09/24/42 to 09/28/42 the regiment held the occupied line and secured.

On September 28, 1942, the regiment with assigned tanks was tasked with capturing the 20th and 21st quarters. It was not possible to fulfill the assigned task due to intense enemy fire.

During the period of hostilities from 07/31/42 to 10/1/42, a significant part of the personnel was out of action and the regiment was left without a large number of active bayonets. The remaining battalions 1223 and 1225 joint ventures were transferred to the operational subordination of the regiment and, by order of the command, received the task of continuing the further offensive on the 19th, 24th, 31st, 32nd, 30th and 29th quarters of the city of Rzhev. To ensure the task, assault groups were created under the command of Lieutenant Eremin - 20 people, senior lieutenant Ryndin [Nikolai Stepanovich, born in 1911] - 38 people, senior lieutenant Glodin - 28 people, senior lieutenant Vasilyev [Nikolai Vasilyevich, born in 1919 ] - 23 people.

On 10/1/42, by order of the command, the regiment with attached units 1223 joint ventures and 1225 joint ventures, leaving in the district of the railway. booths on the outskirts of the 17th quarter cover, during the night went to their original position to the edge of the forest, which is against the 19th quarter with the task - a blow together with the 4th guard. regiment, on the left to capture the 19th quarter, with the further task of completely clearing the enemy from the 19th, 24th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 32nd quarters of the city of Rzhev.

At 4.00 1.10.42 the regiment launched an offensive, captured the 19th quarter, the enemy stopped the advance with hurricane fire.

Holding the occupied lines, the regiment replenished ammunition, improved its initial position and prepared for the offensive.

On October 2, 1942, at 7:00 am, the enemy, with a force of up to an infantry battalion with 5 tanks, launched a decisive counteroffensive against our battle formations, with its main force bypassing our left flank from the direction of the cemetery. The enemy counterattack was repulsed.

At 1700, the enemy also launched a counterattack in the direction of our left and right flanks, up to an infantry battalion with 5 tanks, with the goal of cutting off all our units located in the outlying quarters of the city of Rzhev. At first, the enemy was successful, bypassed our flanks, threatened with complete encirclement. To communicate with the rear, we had a corridor of 80-100 meters. Thanks to the stability of the fighters and commanders, this second counterattack was successfully repelled. The regiment did not give up its positions, but rather improved them.

The enemy in these two counterattacks lost up to 300 infantry and three tanks, which were knocked out by our anti-tank missiles. In this battle, the battalion commander senior lieutenant Ryndin, who was awarded the Order of the Red Star, especially distinguished himself.

Along with active military offensive operations, the regiment shot down 3 German aircraft and 1 aircraft from the PTR during the period from 14.09.42 to 3.10.42; the first three fell and burned on our territory, and 1 burning descended on enemy territory.

For downed planes, junior lieutenant [sergeant] Konyukhov [Iosif Naumovich, born in 1912. ], art. sergeant Skobelev [Vasily Petrovich, born in 1918] and a Red Army soldier [ml. sergeant] Rooms [Ivan Filippovich, born in 1908, (disappeared in February 1943)] were awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

As a result of 2-month fierce battles with the German invaders in the region of Rzhev, the following were destroyed: infantry - 1086 soldiers and officers, bunkers - 6, dugouts - 7, machine-gun points - 34, mortar batteries - 5, NP - 2, ammunition depots - 1, tanks - 3, aircraft - 4.

On 10/7/42, the regiment surrendered the 2nd Guards to the defense sector near the city of Rzhev. MSD and took up defense in the second echelon of the army - Startsevo, Shilovo, Boyarinovo, and until 11/19/42 built defensive structures in the indicated area.

So, I start publishing my father's work

Missing 688th Infantry Regiment.

At first, I was looking for the place of death of my father - the Red Army soldier Efimenko Nikolai Ivanovich, born in 1914, mobilized on June 26, 1941, by the Blagodarnensky RVC of the Stavropol Territory and disappeared without a trace in September-October 1941; I was not looking for the missing regiment, division or corps - but it happened. He began searching for his father by sending requests to archives and funds. But the answers to all my inquiries (to the archives of the Ministry of Defense, the Russian Red Cross, the International Tracing Service of the Federal Republic of Germany, etc.) were formal and meaningless: “.. we do not have information” or “your father’s surname is entered in the Book of Memory, No. ....” . I realized that it was impossible to count on the help of state bodies in search of a missing ordinary Red Army soldier and began to study the events of the Second World War on the Internet, the memoirs of war veterans, in the literary and artistic works of K. Simonov, E. Dolmatovsky, etc. Tiny facts outlined and analyzed. But this was not what I was looking for.
Only in May 2012, my daughter Natalya, who helped me, found on the Internet "fresh material" published by TsAMO - photocopies of authentic reports on the irretrievable losses of the Red Army in the fall of 1941. In report No. 43236 dated 07/13/1944, on page 16, line No. 108, there is an entry from which I learned that my father is a Red Army soldier of 688 SP Efimenko N.N., a native of the village. Sotnikovsky, mobilized by the Blagodarnensky RVC, went missing and has been wanted since September 27, 1941

The report did not report the name and location of the military unit, there was no division, corps, army or front name. My search for the 688th joint venture in the list of all regiments of the Red Army, formed in the USSR during the war of 1941-45, did not give a result. There were shelves with numbers BEFORE 688, as well as with numbers AFTER 688SP, but the 688SP I was looking for was not there at all! I even more carefully studied the entry in the report on irretrievable losses, and found the numbers -196 that I had not previously noticed. What kind of figure is this - I still did not understand, but, assuming that this was a field mail, I began to search on this topic in the Internet. And it turned out that this was correct: in 1941, Red Army mail was delivered to a field postal station, and the numbers of these stations were four-digit! Postal station No. 0196 belonged to 103MD (mechanized division). Searches on the I-net for a division with this number led, at first, to the 6th Army of the South-Western Front (gen / mr. Muzychenko I.N.), where 103MD was mentioned in combat reports and died in the "Uman Cauldron" in the fall 1941
However, other, more likely, information was found on the Internet on the site: http://handbook.rkka.ru/reg/103sd.htm ., from which it followed that 103SD was formed in Voroshilovsk, from 11.03. 1941, reorganized into 103MD in March 1941, and 08/28/1941. again reorganized into 103SD, and disbanded on December 27, 1941, due to death. The division participated in counterattacks and the liberation of Yelnya; in October 1941 she died, and the command and staffs left the encirclement from the district of Spas-Demensk. The initial affiliation of the division is 26MK, 19A, RGK. The first division commander - Timofeev G.T. The composition of the division on 28.08.1941:
583SP, 688SP, 746 joint venture, 271 GAP., 476 GAP., 256 OZAD., 98 RB., 141 Sap.B., 146 OBS., 141 San. Bat., 110 ATR., 117 PKhl. PKGosb. It became clear that the 688th joint venture was part of the 103rd MD, which was part of the 26th MK of the Red Army and fought in the ZF, near Smolensk, in the Yelnya region.
On the 26mech website, it is reported that the reason for the creation of 26 MK was the mobilization plan of the General Staff - MP-41, which provided for the formation in the North Caucasus Military District (Commander of the district Konev I.S.), troops to equip 19A, deployed in the 2nd line of strategic defense " Lvov ledge", in the rear of the South-Western Front.
The headquarters of the 26th MK was located in the city of Armavir, and the corps itself was called the “reduced corps”. General mr. N.Ya. Kirichenko was appointed to command the corps, deputy. Regimental Commissar Tumanov V.A. became the political worker, and Colonel Poble D.I. became the NSH. The 26MK included:
103 MD (Voroshilovsk), 52 TD (Min-Vody), 56 TD (Armavir), as well as other troops, incl. 28 MCP (motorcycle regiment) and even 126 OKA (air squadron). In fact, more than two-thirds of the corps were staffed by conscripts from Stavropol. The formation of 103 MD began on the basis of 35 joint ventures, 74 SD, stationed in the city of Voroshilovsk, long before the war, back in March 1939, and ended in August-September 1939.

The number of the division was: 8496 people. private and 1050 command personnel, the division had its own TP with 46 light tanks. The division had its own summer camps near the village of Zelenokumsky. Gen/Mr Timofeev G.T. was appointed commander of the 103rd MD, who commanded the division from March 1939 to 07/07/1941, i.e. before the division came into combat contact with the German Armed Forces. The commanders of several divisions of 103 MD were able to be established according to fragmentary information available to an ordinary researcher. As of 08/28/41, the division was of three regiments and consisted of 583 joint ventures - (Mr. Dudkov I.L., died on 08/06/41). died 5.oct.41) and 746 SP, the name of the commander is unknown. The division also included 147 TP (p. Chernoyarov N.A.), 271 AP (Mr. Grachev S.K., died 10/7/41), 98RB (Mr. Visaitov S.V.). However, with the attack German army on the USSR on 06/22/41, the MP-41 plans changed. On June 27, the North Caucasus Military District (North Caucasian Military District) received the directive of the General Staff No. 9 / ZR People's Commissar Timoshenko, signed by Vatutin, on the transport of troops of the 26th MK to the 19A, in the district of Art. Ilovaiskaya. The corps management and 52 TDs were already sent on June 28, and the next day - June 29, 56 TDs were sent. The dispatch of 103 MD began on July 2, 1941, but on July 1, People's Commissar Timoshenko ordered the commander of the North Caucasian Military District, Konev, to redirect the echelons of the 26 MK (instead of the South-Western) - to the Western Front, in the district of Rudnya, Orsha, Smolensk. Instead of the 350 railways necessary for the corps. echelons, only 130 were allocated for loading, so part of the weapons and military equipment was left. The 26MK troops were still on the way, and already on July 8, by the directive of the General Staff, all mechanized corps were liquidated, all divisions of mechanized corps became separate.

MILESTONES OF THE BATTLE PATH

The 78th Rifle Division was formed on June 6, 1939 in Novosibirsk. After 5 days, it is loaded into trains and on June 29 arrives at the station. Guberovo, Primorsky Territory, occupies the defense along the line of the state border. In October 1939, it was relocated to Khabarovsk and later existed as a territorial division, consisted of one rifle regiment and support units (6,000 people).
In the spring of 1941, she was relocated to Primorsky Krai and deployed to full staff (12,000 people). It included the 1st Rifle Brigade (2 rifle regiments), stationed in Vladivostok on the First River. The division headquarters was also located in Vladivostok. The main forces of the division were deployed to cover the border of Primorye along the Ussuri River from Iman (Dalnerechensk) to st. Burlit (90 km along the front) and were involved in the many-month-long exercises of the Far Eastern Front. The field headquarters is located in the village. Badge of the Pozharsky district. These exercises on the eve of the war, in conditions close to combat, played an important role in the formation of the division as a strong combat-ready military unit.
In October 1941, the division was transferred from Far East near Moscow, in the region of the city of Istra, and became part of the 16th Army under the command of Lieutenant General K.K. Rokossovsky.

“The transfer was controlled by the Stavka Supreme High Command. We felt it all the way. The railroad opened a green street for us. Accurate schedule, tight control. As a result, all thirty-six echelons of the division crossed the country from east to west at the speed of courier trains. The last echelon left Vladivostok on October 17, and on October 28 our units were already unloading in the Moscow region, in the city of Istra and at the stations closest to it.
(Beloborodov A.P., Always in battle. M .: Military Publishing House, 1978).

COMPOSITION OF THE DIVISION
40th Rifle Regiment
131st Rifle Regiment
258th Rifle Regiment
159th Light Cannon Artillery Regiment
210th howitzer artillery regiment
Special units and divisions: 139th separate anti-tank battalion, 435th separate anti-aircraft artillery battalion,
60th reconnaissance battalion, 89th engineer battalion, 140th separate communications battalion, 104th medical and sanitary battalion, motor transport company, field postal station, field cash desk of the State Bank.
Total in the division: 14 thousand people, 23 light tanks, 53 artillery pieces, 22 howitzers, 59 mortars, 6 anti-aircraft guns, 441 vehicles, 3400 horses.

November 1941. From left to right: head of the political department of the 78th rifle division, battalion commissar M.M. Vavilov, division commander Colonel A.P. Beloborodov and the head of the operational department of the division headquarters, Lieutenant Colonel A.I. Vitevsky.
Combat order No. 2 for the 78th division of 10/31/1941 Point 2 of the order attracts attention - the division that has just arrived near Istra has to act alone. (TsAMO, f. 208, op. 2511, d. 34)

MAP OF BATTLE ACTIONS NEAR MOSCOW. November 1941
The dividing red line is the junction of the 16th (commanded by Lieutenant General K.K. Rokossovsky) and the 5th armies (Major General D.D. Lelyushenko) of the Western Front.
The map clearly shows that at the junction of these armies a void has formed, into which the enemy rushed. To cover this void was the task of the 258th Infantry Regiment of the 78th Division, which had just arrived from Primorye. The map also shows how stretched the front of the regiment that replaced the 27th tank brigade. (TsAMO, F. 1066, op. 1, d. 4, l. 130)

The first to join the battle with the enemy fell to the fighters and commanders of the Vladivostok 258th Infantry Regiment of the division. The regiment not only covered the huge gap between the defending 16th and 5th armies of the Western Front. He was given the task of attacking - to drive the enemy out of the populated points of Mikhailovskoye and Fedchino and cut off the road along which the Nazis were preparing to transfer reinforcements to their troops advancing on the Volokolamsk highway.
The regiment managed to partially complete the combat mission: on the western bank of the Ozerna River, in the area of ​​​​the village of Fedchino, a bridgehead was created, but the village of Mikhailovskoye could not be taken.
On November 6 and 7, the enemy counterattacked the positions of the 258th regiment in the Fedchino region, introducing units of the SS Reich division into battle. During these two days and the next week, the Germans unsuccessfully tried to dislodge the regiment from the bridgehead at Fedchino. In these battles, parts of the regiment suffered serious losses: in some companies there were 40-50 people each.
Shoulder to shoulder with the Panfilov heroes, the 78th Rifle Division defended stubbornly for a month in one of the most critical areas - the Volokolamsk Highway.
The most intense fighting took place at the end of November 1941. 40th, 131st and 258th rifle regiments divisions at that time took up defensive positions on the eastern bank of the Istra River in the Trusovo, Istra, Sannikovo zone. Their actions were supported by fire from the 159th and 210th artillery regiments. The enemy struck here with the forces of the 10th Panzer and Motorized Divisions of the SS "Reich", the 252nd and 87th Infantry Divisions along the Volokolamsk Highway. Artillery fire, massive air strikes, continuous tank attacks - everything was used by the Nazis. But the Far East survived. The enemy did not manage to break through their defenses this time either.

November 26, 1941 - just 3 weeks after entering the battle near Moscow - for courage in battle, stamina and courage, the 78th rifle division was transformed into 9th Guards Rifle Division.

The division retreated 40 km under the onslaught of the enemy. But not a single frontier was left without stubborn resistance. Only on November 29 and 30, its soldiers destroyed 1950 fascists, 13 tanks, 11 vehicles, suppressed the fire of one artillery and three mortar batteries, and shot down three aircraft.
On December 2, the fascist German command threw two tank divisions into the positions of the 9th Guards Division with the support of aviation. More than 50 German tanks and armored personnel carriers with infantry rushed to Nefediev. The battalions defending the village fought heroically. No less stubborn battles flared up in other sectors of the division's defense. Four times passed from hand to hand the village of Selivanikha in the area of ​​the 40th Infantry Regiment. The Nazis lost more strength here than during the capture of Paris.

The counteroffensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow began on December 5-6, 1941, when it became clear that the enemy's offensive forces were exhausted. Despite severe frosts, deep snow cover, and most importantly - despite the fact that Hitler gave the order to cling to every meter of the earth and in no case retreat, it developed successfully. Soviet troops wrested the initiative from the enemy for the first time. One by one, the cities of the Moscow region were liberated from the temporary occupation - Rogachevo, Istra, Solnechnogorsk, Volokolamsk, Klin and others.
During the counteroffensive, the 9th Guards Rifle Division with the 17th Tank Brigade, the 89th Separate Tank Battalion, the 36th and 90th Rifle Brigades formed the 16th Army's shock group. On the morning of December 8, the troops of the group under the command of Major General A.P. Beloborodov went on the offensive on the left flank in the direction of Istra. Widely using detours of defense units, the attackers liberated Trukholovka, Snegiri, and on the morning of December 11 broke into Istra. At the end of the month, the regiments of the division reached the Ruza River in the Tsarev area.
“The Nazis blew up the dam of the reservoir. The gushing water formed a powerful stream, which created enormous difficulties for our troops ... Before my eyes, the Siberians A.P. Beloborodov in severe frost under enemy fire forced a raging ice stream. All available means were used - logs, fences, gates, straw rafts, rubber boats - in a word, everything that could float on the water. And with these improvised means, the Siberians overcame such a serious obstacle and put the enemy to flight. The assault was well provided by the artillerymen and mortarmen, who covered our infantry during the crossings.”
(Rokossovsky K.K. Soldier's debt. M .: Voenizdat, 1997)

In early January 1942, the counteroffensive in the western strategic direction was completed. More than 11 thousand settlements were liberated from the invaders, and units of the Red Army entrenched themselves on the lines 100-250 kilometers away from Moscow.

In February 1942, the division was part of the 33rd Army, since March - as part of the 43rd Army. Reserved since May SHK rates in the 58th Army.

On May 3, 1942, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the 9th Guards Rifle Division was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, and its 22nd Guards Rifle Regiment was awarded the Order of Lenin.

In May 1942, the 9th guards division was transferred to the Southwestern Front for the defense of Kharkov, located to the east of it. At the same time, the division became part of the 38th Army, commanded by General K.S. Moskalenko. There were a lot of examples of iron steadfastness on the defensive and high fighting impulse on the offensive. In the hot summer of 1942, the division took part in fierce battles beyond the Don, in the area of ​​Serafimovich.
On July 17, 1942, the division was transferred to the disposal of the Stalingrad Front as part of the 21st Army. In September, he was part of the 4th reserve army of the reserve of the headquarters of the High Command. In October, as part of the Moscow Military District.
In November 1942, as part of the 43rd Army of the Kalinin Front, since December, as part of the 5th Guards Rifle Corps of the 3rd Shock Army. Under Velikiye Luki, the division moved forward at a low pace, but uncontrollably, through forests, swamps and enemy fire. Then two reinforced infantry divisions of the enemy acted against the 9th Guards. A division of six-barreled mortars hit the regiments and battalions, and almost fifty tanks opposed them. But the enemy defense was broken through, the division cut railway Novosokolniki - Velikiye Luki. In offensive battles from November 25 to November 29, 1942, the division liberated 18 settlements, destroyed 2200 officer soldiers, 8 tanks, dozens of weapons (division losses: 420 people were killed, 2009 were wounded).
From December 10, 1942 to January 27, 1943, the division was in defensive battles near Velikiye Luki. In this confrontation in the division's defense sector, the Nazis had 13 times superiority in infantry, completely in motorized infantry, 1.5 times in artillery, and 10 times in tanks. It was extremely necessary for him to keep the strategic node - Velikie Luki with all his might, so he pulled up large reserves and prepared to deliver a powerful blow in order to break through the front line and connect with the encircled grouping.
In the fiercest deadly confrontation, the guardsmen of the division not only survived, but also inflicted huge damage on the enemy. 7580 Nazis, 33 tanks, 10 guns, 5 aircraft, 34 vehicles, 61 machine guns were destroyed. (Our losses - 1921 people were killed and wounded).
In June 1943, the division became part of the 2nd Guards Rifle Corps of the Kalinin Front, since August, together with the corps as part of the 39th Army. In October, the division returned to the 5th Guards Rifle Corps of the 39th Army.
From November 1943, as part of the 1st Baltic Front, from February to March 1944, the division was subordinated to the front.
Since April 1944, as part of the 2nd Guards Rifle Corps of the 6th Guards Army, in which the division fought until the end of the war.
In the summer of 1944, the division participated in the Belorussian strategic operation. From June 12 to August 1, she covered 810 km in offensive operations, cleared an area of ​​227 square meters from the enemy. km., having fought 55 km. It liberated 58 large settlements, inflicting significant damage on the enemy (1164 soldiers and officers were destroyed, a large amount of equipment and weapons were captured).
Later, the division took part in the liberation of the Latvian SSR. She advanced in the direction of Daugavpils, pursuing the retreating enemy.
In early October 1944, she took part in the Memel offensive operation, from the area northwest of Siauliai to the Libau direction.
Over the next seven months, she fought stubborn battles with a grouping of Nazi troops pressed to the sea and cut off on the Courland Peninsula, a sector of the front east of Libava between the river. Venta and Priekule area.
In April 1945, as part of the Leningrad Front, she was preparing for a decisive offensive with the aim of finally defeating the enemy's Courland grouping.
Since May 9, 1945, the 9th Guards Red Banner Rifle Division has been receiving enemy units, their weapons, military equipment and property in the Aizpute area.

Sergeant major from Spassk: one against fourteen
The heroic feat of the foreman of the company Vladimir Suvertey (before the front he lived in the city of Spassk-Dalniy) is recorded in the combat log of the 78th division, stored in TsAMO. And here is how this is stated in the award list, signed by the division commander Beloborodov and commissar Bronnikov.

As can be seen from the award list, the 23-year-old foreman of the company got into trouble on the battlefield, one might say, unexpectedly - he organized meals for his soldiers. But desperately acting with a grenade, a pistol and a bayonet, he destroyed all 14 attacking Nazis. It is worth recalling that in 1941 they were rarely awarded, and the highest award of the country - the Order of Lenin - was awarded only for special merits.
We do not know how and where the heroic guy from Spassk-Dalny fought after being wounded near Moscow. The documents preserved only a sad fact: as part of the 17th motorized rifle brigade, Vladimir Suvertey died a heroic death in August 1942 near Smolensk.

Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Council on awarding the 9th Guards Rifle Division with the Order of the Red Banner

CASE OF KIRYUKHIN

This case is unique in that the disappearance of a soldier does not occur here on the battlefield, or, as is very often the case, not on the way from the unit to the medical battalion or hospital, but on the way from the NKVD investigators to the unit. Where did Private Kiryukhin disappear to? We need to resolve this matter.

Private Kiryukhin Grigory Prokhorovich was born in 1904 and lived in the village of Ushakovo-Pokrovskoye, Plavsky District Tula region(now this village does not exist). Since 1932, a collective farmer of the Krupskaya collective farm. In 1939-40. He was called to the front and participated in the Soviet-Finnish War as part of the 662th Infantry Regiment, demobilized in August 1940. In 1940, his wife Anna Arkhipovna died, leaving four daughters: Maria 1929, Tatyana 1932, Alexandra 1934, Claudia 1939, Mother - Praskovya Matveevna Kiryukhina, born 1881.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War Grigory Prokhorovich was not called to the front. He was mobilized after the liberation of Plavsk, on May 26, 1942, and in July-August he served in the 6th company of the 1181 joint venture.356 SD . Private, non-partisan, had no awards.

In August 1942, he was detained by a foreign detachment in connection with the discovery of German leaflets in his wallet, then he was in custody. In September, the charges were dropped by the 356 SD military tribunal and he was released. Further fate and place of service after August 1942 are unknown.

Reported missing since August 1943, which was established only according to the post-war house-to-house survey, which indicated that communication ceased in May 1943 (no letters have been preserved).

Note: the full namesake is Grigory Prokhorovich Kiryukhin, also born in 1904. and also a native of the Plavsky district (another village, Pokrovskoye-Kamynino), called up in 1941 and died in 1945.

Investigation. The first stage of the investigation was conducted by the grandson of the missing person, Timur Maisak. It is a great success that the materials of the investigative case, which was carried out in relation to Kiryukhin, have been preserved. Here is what is reported in the certificate of the Tula FSB.

On August 13, 1942, Kiryukhin G.P., upon returning from foot reconnaissance, was detained by the Red Army detachment. During a search, 2 German leaflets were found in his possession. On August 21, 1942, the investigator of the NKVD 356 SD Kiryukhin was involved as an accused under article 58-10 part 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR. During the investigation, it was found out that the leaflets were used by Kiryukhin only as smoking paper. Kiryukhin was characterized positively by the materials of the investigation.

By the definition of the military tribunal 356 SD OT on September 12, 1942, the case against Kiryukhin was dismissed due to the lack of corpus delicti with immediate release from custody.

Interestingly, according to the certificate issued by the TsAMO of the Russian Federation, there is an error, it says that Kiryukhin on September 12, 1942only brought to justice. Although it is also reported that“the case was criminally terminated”, “the supervisory proceedings in the Kiryukhin case were destroyed due to the expiration of the storage period”, the terminated criminal case was not deposited in TsAMO RF (of course, because it is stored in the Tula UFSB).

Kiryukhin G.P. (from the criminal case)

Case No. 361-42

MINUTES OF THE PREPARATORY MEETING

MILITARY TRIBUNAL 356 PAGE DIVISIONS.

1942 September 12 days.

Presiding Military Lawyer Komarov,

members: Military lawyer 3rd rank Zakharov and Military lawyer Nekorystnov, secretary Kryuchkova,

with the participation of the Military Prosecutor 356 pp. divisions.

Case No. 361, received from the VP 356 SD, on charges of a Red Army soldier of 1181 sp. Kiryukhin Grigory Prokhorovich, in the commission of a crime under Art. 58-10 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, with an indictment drawn up by the investigator of the NKVD OO 356 SD - lieutenant of state security Kiselev and approved by the Military Prosecutor of the 356 SD military lawyer of the 2nd rank Bykov.

Reporter Bykov.

Co-speaker Komarov.

SET UP:

From the case file it is clear that Kiryukhin, being in 215 Z.S.P. due to the lack of smoking paper, he smoked fascist leaflets, which continued in 1181 S.P. but in view of the receipt of smoking paper, Kiryukhin kept two fascist leaflets for use in smoking and kept them together with smoking paper in his wallet, which were found on August 13, 1942.

The materials of the preliminary investigation did not establish: did Kiryukhin read fascist leaflets to anyone, did he tell them content On the contrary, Kiryukhin's testimony shows that he kept the leaflets for smoking and forgot about them.

Based on this, the court does not see in the actions of Kiryukhin the counter-revolutionary intent of storing leaflets - a crime under Art. 58-10 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.

The materials of the case characterize Kiryukhin as a good fighter.

Based on the aforesaid and guided by Article. 238 Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR.

DETERMINED:

The case on charges of Kiryukhin Grigory Prokhorovich, under Art. 58-10 h. 2 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, on the basis of Art. 4, paragraph 5 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, terminate further proceedings with the immediate release of Kiryukhin from custody.

Chairman /Komarov./

Secretary /Klochkova./

TO THE CHIEF OF THE NGO NKVD 356 SD.

At the same time, I am sending a copy of the ruling on the case of Grigory Prokhorovich KIRYUSHKIN, who is being held in your custody, I propose that Kiryushkin be immediately released from custody and sent to the Military Tribunal

Appendix: A copy of the definition.

AND ABOUT. CHAIRMAN TU 356 SD

Military lawyer /Komarov./

Secretary /Klochkova/

Issued to the Military Tribunal 356 SD that Kiryukhin Grigory Prokh. released by permission of the NGO NKVD on September 15, 1942.

Commandant of the NGO NKVD

TO THE HEAD OF DIVISION 4

At the same time, I am sending the Red Army book of KIRYUKHIN Grigory Prokhorovich, the case against him was terminated.

Appendix: Kiryukhin's Red Army Book.

CHAIRMAN BT 356 SD /Rossiev/

Secretary /Klochkova//.../

In addition, he qualitatively checked the funds of 356 SD and 1181 SP 356 SD. I myself rechecked the work of T. Maysak and highlighted some documents that are not issued to the reading room, but for which, in my opinion, it is necessary to make a request, namely:

Headquarters 356 SD 1 inventory

case 133 Instructions, reports and reports of the military commissar and the head of the software division for party political work and emergency, 1942

case 134 Political reports of the division. I ordered this case, but they may not give it, political reports are sometimes not given.

case 135 Reports, reports, data of the department on party political work, work among the troops and the population of the enemy, beginning. composition and state of emergency, political reports

case 136 Reports of employees of the department and units on party-political, Komsomol work with the troops and population of the enemy

case 137 Same for the emergency

According to the materials presented above, it is clear that Kiryukhin was still alive in mid-September 1942. The 4th department of the division headquarters - this department in the Red Army, traditionally, was a combatant.

In general, you need to look at the materials throughout the division. Let's see what it included:

1181 , 1183 and 1185 rifle regiment,
918 artillery regiment,
275 separate anti-tank battalion,
417 reconnaissance company,
483 sapper battalion,
806 separate communications battalion (806 separate communications company),
440 medical battalion,
433 separate company of chemical protection,
470 motor transport company,

***
209 field bakery,
779 divisional veterinary infirmary,
286 field post station,
785 field cash desk of the State Bank.

The materials of the 1181th Infantry Regiment have already been reviewed, in addition, below are the units that usually do not have their own funds in the TsAMO RF, they can be excluded. In addition, divisional documents are well reviewed. We'll watch the rest.

Engaged in search work on the territory of the Klinsky district, finding the remains of the soldiers of the 365th Infantry Division, I was faced with the fact that we, residents of the Moscow Region, know almost nothing about the division. Meanwhile, it follows from army documents that it was this unit that first went to Klin and started fighting to liberate the city.

Unfortunately, historians rarely remember the divisions formed in the Urals in the autumn of 1941, although they played a large role in the counter-offensive near Moscow. Like the fighters, military units have different military destinies. There are divisions that went through the entire war, became guards, reached Berlin. And there are those who fought for several months and disappeared in the environment. The 365th Rifle Division is such a with a difficult fate.

The decision to create the 365th Infantry Division was made People's Commissariat defense. The formation took place in the Elan camps near Kamyshlov. The staff strength of the division was 11832 people. It consisted of: 1211, 1213, 1215 rifle regiments, 927 artillery regiment, 233 separate anti-tank battalion, 259 anti-aircraft battery, 450 mortar battalion, 426 company of traffic controllers, 644 (433) engineer battalion, 815 separate communications battalion, 449 medical -sanitary battalion, 442nd separate company of chemical protection, 479th motor transport company, 1438th field postal station, 737th field cash office of the State Bank, 787th veterinary infirmary.

Colonel Matvey Shchukin, a student of the Frunze Military Academy, was appointed commander of the division, Colonel Alexander Vetlugin, teacher of the same academy, became chief of staff.

The formation of the division was difficult. There were almost no weapons, there was not enough equipment and even uniforms. It was very bad with food and tobacco. There were few personnel commanders. The positions of junior commanders were mostly replaced by nominees from the Red Army. During the entire stay in the Elan camps, only one exercise was conducted with the fighters.

At the end of October 1941, the division was transferred to the city of Kineshma, closer to the front, where it became part of the 28th Reserve Army. Here she was armed and supplied with the necessary property, as far as possible. There was a lack of artillery, mortars, machine guns, and engineering equipment. Communication was bad.

The 365th Rifle Division began its combat path near Moscow by participating in the Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk offensive operation. Operating in the main direction, the 365th Rifle Division, together with the 8th Tank Brigade, advanced on Klin from the area of ​​the villages of Ruchi and Borshchevka. During December 6-8, she liberated the villages of Zakharovo, Borshchevo, Zabolotye, Vladykino, Vyukhovo, Berezino, Biryovo, Yamuga. Fierce battles for the villages of Polukhanovo, Golyadi, Pershutino and the Klin-Volokolamsk highway were fought until December 15 before the capture of Klin itself. In this "meat grinder" about two thousand people laid down their heads.

On the way to Klin and during the offensive, the 365th Infantry Division suffered heavy losses. A frontal attack on each village cost several hundred lives of fighters. By the end of the Klinsko-Solnechnogorsk offensive operation, about half of the personnel - 6040 people - remained from the division.

After the liberation of Klin, the division, together with the 30th Army, became part of the Kalinin Front. Moving in the second echelon, the division moved to the territory of the Lotoshinsky district. Here the Urals took part in an unsuccessful offensive and the most difficult battles for the villages of Kalitsino and Dyakovo, which lasted more than two weeks. On January 11, 1942, the division was withdrawn from the 30th Army to the reserve of the commander of the Kalinin Front. The unit never received any replenishment.

On January 22, the 365th Rifle Division was transferred to the 29th Army, which was thrown into a breakthrough west of Rzhev. On January 23, the enemy closed the gap, our troops were in a semi-encirclement. On January 30, the division entered the task force of Major General Polenov and received the task of breaking through to the north to join units of the 30th Army.

On February 4-5, the remaining two regiments of the division tried to keep the neck between the 29th and 39th armies, but they could not complete this task and, having suffered heavy losses, were driven back by the enemy. In further battles, the division lost the remnants of artillery, and became virtually incompetent. On February 10, for the loss of control of the division and waste without an order from the command, by decision of the Military Council of the 29th Army, the division commander, Colonel Shchukin, was shot. (Later, the Main Political Directorate recognized the decision of the Military Council of the 29th Army to shoot Colonel Shchukin as illegal). The remnants of the division were reduced to one regiment under the command of the chief of staff of the division, Colonel Vetlugin. The regiment was attached to the 246th Infantry Division, in which it participated in further battles.

The encirclement ring around the troops of the 29th Army was shrinking ever tighter. On February 17, the front command decided to break through. The army headquarters and the remnants of the most combat-ready units managed to reach their own. Colonel Vetlugin was wounded and captured. The main part of the command staff was killed. Banners were lost, all documents were destroyed. On March 25, 1942, the 365th Rifle Division was disbanded and on May 22, 1942 it was excluded from the lists of the Red Army.

Having fought only 3 months and 18 days, the 365th Rifle Division disappeared from the history of the Second World War. Its fighters and commanders, who gave their lives in the forests near Moscow and Tver, were listed as "missing." But without their great sacrifice, there would have been no Victory on May 9, 1945.

For the past eight years I have been studying the history of this unit. I would be grateful for any information about the division, its soldiers and commanders. My e-mail [email protected]