Whether the eggs are fertilized. We check chicken eggs in the incubator and weed out unsuitable

Or planting a hen on eggs, the poultry breeder is interested in the question: how to determine a fertilized egg or not. Knowing the answer, you can react in a timely manner and replace the rooster.

As experience shows, watching a rooster and fixing the act of mating itself does not guarantee the receipt of fertilized eggs.

An experienced poultry farmer keeps an understudy rooster for safety and lets them take turns approaching the hens. If there is only one rooster, then how do you know if it is good as a producer or not?

In production conditions, everything is simple:

• semen is taken from a rooster;
• determine the ability to fertilize under a microscope;
• inseminate chickens - fertilization of 99.9%.

At home, there are two reliable methods:

1. Incubation method;
2. Method for viewing an opened egg.

Incubating eggs

To identify fertilized eggs, we need:

• incubator or hen;

We put the average sample of eggs for incubation and for 11 days. It is possible to distinguish fertilized eggs from empty ones earlier, but the probability of error is high and experience is needed. On the 11th day of incubation, when translucent, it is clearly visible - empty eggs are light, and you can distinguish them without much difficulty.

Opening the eggs

Unfortunately, this method does not make it possible to hatch chickens even if fertilized eggs are detected.

To determine, it is necessary to select an egg from a chicken and carefully break the shell. Pour the contents onto a flat surface (plate) and examine.

To determine, you need to consider the yolk. We look for the blastodisk (a spot on the surface of the yolk) and determine its pattern. There can be two results:

1. The egg is fertilized - the blastodisc will be round with a dark middle and a light periphery. Figuratively speaking, it will look like a ring. The spot will be large, clearly visible;
2. The egg is fertilized - the spot is small, light yellow, homogeneous.

To not be sorry

Before laying in the incubator, the eggs are ovoscoped for cracks and marbling. A zealous owner determines fertilized eggs by opening it in defective eggs. Defects (cracks and marbling) do not affect fertility, but they are no longer suitable for incubation, they can be sacrificed.

We calculate the percentage

Finding out how to determine the fertilized eggs of chickens by the autopsy method, it will no longer be possible to get offspring from them, but you can determine the percentage of fertilized ones.

If four of the five opened eggs are fertilized, then you can virtually calculate that the result is 80%. Opened eggs can be used for food purposes. It should be noted that the more eggs are opened, the smaller the determination error will be.

Knowing the percentage of fertilized eggs in the incubator, you can plan further actions for the adoption and settlement of the hatched
young animals, as well as hurry up and change the rooster.

If the percentage of fertilized eggs is high, this does not mean that the chick yield will be high. From the period of fertilization to the moment of hatching, many factors affect the egg:

• the genetic composition of the egg;
• biochemical composition of the egg;
• temperature before and during incubation;
• humidity;
• air speed;
• the period from demolition to the start of incubation.

Of course, no matter what the conditions, an empty egg will not allow you to get a chicken. In matters there is not a single moment that can be neglected. Attentive attitude and a balanced diet of the breeding stock will allow you to get high percent fertilized eggs and a high yield of healthy young.

Useful information

YesNot

As we know, chickens live in flocks and there is always a hierarchy in them. At its top is a rooster, usually the strongest.

The dominant rooster has a lot of advantages over other roosters, since all the hens in the flock are subordinate to him (usually on farms, there are from 8 to 12 hens per male).

When mating a rooster with a chicken, he firmly holds her beak by the feathers on her neck and nape and tramples her back.

The mating process in chickens is short and often repeated.

• If your cockerel is hyperactive and tramples hens more than 22 times a day, his seminal fluid concentration is almost halved and this is bad for egg fertilization.
• With a limited number of matings, on the contrary, the percentage of fertilized eggs increases significantly.

To demonstrate its significance to the chickens, the leader rooster diligently courts them, flirts and protects them. An exception is the molting period, when the male begins to scare away the females, he can peck at them.

Due to the fact that chickens do not have a sexual organ, the question arises - how do these birds breed?

1. When a rooster tramples a hen, its cloaca turns outward and semen is released from the gonads.
2. The seed enters the cloaca of the female and remains active in it for about 20 days.
3. The eggs that the female lays these days will be fertilized.
4. From the grape-like ovary of a hen, daily ripened eggs are separated. They then enter the cloaca of the chicken and meet with the seed. In 23 hours, the egg hardens, the shell appears, and then it comes out.

How many roosters can fertilize hens

Due to the fact that after molting, the testicles of the rooster increase almost 20 times, the male can fertilize many hens at once. But experts recommend leaving no more than 9-12 females to one rooster.

Shouldn't start a large number of roosters, this will provoke fights, and frequent trampling of chickens will lead to their injuries and even death.

Particular attention should be paid to the age of the male. Young individuals usually do not immediately begin to show attention to the ladies, therefore, most often two roosters are kept in the flock - older and younger.

Relationships between hens are often complex; in order to maintain peace and order in the poultry house, it is important to adhere to a rational ratio of males and females in the herd.

How to check if eggs are fertilized

Checking the fertility of eggs is very simple.

VIDEO INSTRUCTION

To do this, you can use an ovoscope, and if it is not there, then any light source, for example, an ordinary light bulb. Shine through the egg in search of a black dot in the center.

If it is present, you should not worry - the egg is fertilized and soon a chick will hatch from it. If there is no dot, you should not wait for offspring.

AT industrial scale, for example, in large poultry farms, when it is unprofitable to keep a large number of roosters, they resort to artificial insemination of a chicken.

To do this, semen is obtained from healthy males and used instead of natural mating.

As a result, the birds lay fertilized eggs, and the cost of keeping chickens is reduced several times.

In the laying of a budgerigar, there are from 4 to 7 eggs. But the same number of chicks is not always born, because sometimes the female lays unfertilized eggs. So that she does not spend extra energy on hatching them, it is necessary to check the viability of the masonry as early as possible. How to do this - we will tell further.

What do parrot eggs look like?

First, let's figure out how to determine whether a fertilized egg or not, according to its appearance(shell color and structure).

Fertilized

Such specimens are oval in shape and with a uniform white or grayish-white matte color.

The fact that the embryo has died will be indicated by the dull white color of the shell from the sharp end, and from the blunt end - grayish.

unfertilized

Unfertilized specimens have a glossy yellowish shell, which may also be dotted with small spots. Such eggs are much lighter than the rest in the clutch.

How to determine if an egg is fertilized using an ovoscope

Visual testing does not provide accurate data on masonry viability.

Changes in color will only indicate which eggs you need to pay attention to first of all when viewing on an ovoscope.
The first check is done 4–5 days after the clutch is fully formed. Each subsequent is carried out with an interval of 4-5 days. If fertilization has occurred, then the developing embryo is clearly visible.

It looks like a small speck with a network of thin blood vessels. If a dark viscous substance is visible in the light, which moves freely when turning, then the embryo has stopped in development. The unfertilized ones have a golden-amber content with a well-defined yellow clot (yolk).

Important!Unfertilized and frozen specimens must be removed from the nest in a timely manner so that the female does not waste her energy on them.

The development of the embryo in the egg

Let us consider in more detail the development of the embryo by day.

Term 10 days

On the 8-10th day, in the lumen under the shell, a viscous content is noticeable, penetrated by thin blood vessels. Half of the total content is shaded. An air chamber is visible at the sharp end.

When rotated, the contents deviate slightly in the direction of travel and then return.

Term 15 days

At this time, 3/4 of the content dark color. If you look closely, then in the light you can see the outlines of the baby, and sometimes his movement. The void occupies only part of the blunt end.
If the embryo lags behind in development, then a bright spot without a network of vessels is visible at the sharp end.

Newborn chick

On day 18 incubation period the chick is already trying to hatch. He starts cracking the shell from the blunt side, where the air chamber is located. Cracks in the shell testify to the imminent hatching of the chick.

A newborn parrot is blind, naked (with a rare fluff) and helpless. He lies on his stomach all the time.

Causes of freezing of the embryo

To common reasons budgerigar embryo freezing include:

• infectious diseases (bacterial or fungal);
• hereditary diseases (malformations);
• embryonic dystrophy (due to an unbalanced diet);
• masonry underheating;
• insufficient / excessive humidity;
• poor gas exchange.

Did you know?The duration of sleep in budgerigars is 10-12 hours a day.

Breeding budgerigars is easy only with careful preparation for this process. It is necessary to take into account many factors that can lead to the death or delay in the development of the embryo. And timely monitoring of the state of the masonry will allow timely elimination of non-viable eggs so that they do not negatively affect the development of the rest.

Many people who live in private dams are engaged in breeding poultry. Very popular in recent times breeding of various breeds of geese. Due to the developmental characteristics of these poultry, it is often necessary to place the eggs in an incubator to produce a brood. To ensure their viability at different stages of incubation, goose eggs are candled. How to perform this manipulation will be described in detail below.

Candling is a special procedure for transilluminating poultry eggs in order to determine the viability of the embryo and its correct formation over time. This operation is carried out in order to detect abnormalities in the embryonic development of chicks. Therefore, it is an important stage in the breeding of any poultry. When performed correctly, the risk of chicks with defects is reduced.

An indispensable assistant in carrying out such manipulation is a special device - an ovoscope. This device is designed to carry out biological control over the quality of filling material at home. It should be used like this:

• the egg is placed in a special recess, where it is well fixed;
• then the device turns on - with the help of a powerful lamp, the egg is illuminated;
• then you need to carefully examine the internal contents of the object under study in order to determine its defects or deviations.

An ovoscope can quickly and very easily check an egg for abnormalities and defects at any stage of embryonic development. It can also be used to identify unfertilized specimens.

However, it must be understood that this device provides only a visual assessment of the viability of the embryo. He will not give answers to why the deviation appeared at all. To answer this question, it is necessary to study the features of keeping geese in home breeding.

Features of holding in different periods

In order to check the goose egg for proper development, as well as to increase the percentage of hatching of healthy chicks, the candling procedure should be carried out at different periods:

• before laying in the incubator;
• at the beginning and middle of incubation;
• during the last days of incubation.

It should be understood that goose eggs on each test will give a completely different picture, because the embryo develops every day.

Before bookmark

To understand which egg is fertilized and which is not is necessary even before the formation of the bookmark. For this, selected specimens must undergo a candling procedure.

Usually this manipulation performed 4-5 days after the goose laid the egg. In more early dates it is impossible to get the exact information you need. This is due to the fact that at this time the air chamber will still be unformed. The yolk during this period is characterized by a pale color.

In order to effectively cull eggs, you need to know how to determine their unsuitability. Instances being defined should not exhibit the following characteristics:

• wrong shape;
• the presence of mold and dark spots inside;
• non-transmission of the selected sample;
• the formation of two yolks;
• placing the yolk near the shell. When rotated, it will not move. This means that he is stuck;
• the presence of too thin shell;
• the presence of calcareous growths on the surface of the shell (external or internal);
• wandering air chamber or its displacement.

The detection of such defects in the studied specimens indicates their non-viability. Such eggs cannot be laid in an incubator, since no one will hatch from them. The remaining selected objects, which, after inspection, turned out to be fertilized, are sent to the bookmark.

During incubation

After several days have passed after laying in the incubator, the candling procedure is performed again. During the entire period of incubation, several such checks are carried out. A report of their conduct can be kept by day.

Usually the first examination is carried out on the 8th day. At this time, when the goose eggs are translucent, the blood vessels are clearly visible. They are defined as red threads. Also on the 8th day you can already see the shadow of the embryo.

The second examination is performed on the 14th day of incubation. AT given period the embryo itself will be clearly visible.

When carrying out the transillumination procedure at home, during these periods, those objects are rejected that are characterized by the following points:

• the egg is not translucent at all;
• blood vessels are not defined;
• the shadow of the embryo is not visible.

These signs are characteristic of unfertilized specimens. Therefore, they should be removed from the incubator.

On the 21st day

Another check is performed on the 21st day. When translucent, a complete darkening of the internal contents should be observed. If noticeably dark spot or the contents are completely translucent, then the embryo is considered dead.

Last days

In the last days of the incubation period, a final check is performed at home. Usually it is carried out for 30 days. Goslings are expected to hatch around this time.

Here you can check goose eggs in several ways. You can put an egg to your ear - if the embryo is alive, then the poultry farmer will hear rustling and even his squeak. If nothing is heard, then you should enlighten on the ovoscope. In this case, even slight movements of the caterpillar will be visible.

Many poultry farmers advise not to buy an ovoscope, but to make it yourself. Moreover, the do-it-yourself ovoscope is very simple to do - just screw a powerful light bulb into any lamp.

For testing, you can take eggs that have been stored for no more than 14 days. Otherwise, their incubation qualities will be significantly reduced.

Keep the eggs during the check should be no more than 15-20 seconds, otherwise severe overheating is possible. During transillumination, you need to carefully look at the embryo in order to identify anomalies in its development. After all, it can remain viable, but with various deviations (underdevelopment of the limbs, tumors, etc.).

You need to be very careful with the instances you define so as not to injure them.

Determination of fertilized and correctly developing eggs using candling allows you not to waste time on the development of obviously defective specimens. It is also possible to prevent the appearance of some deviations by simply monitoring the development and changing the incubation conditions in time. As a result, the survival rate of goslings will increase significantly.

Video “Candling goose eggs”

From this video you will learn how goose eggs are candled.

Everyone knows that chickens come from eggs. But how many people realize that a chicken egg is neutral, there is no germ in it. And if you take the most common product from the store, then the chicken will not be able to hatch a chicken out of it.

After all, an egg is a kind of ovum, and in order for a small organism to develop in it, it must be fertilized. In the market, the store sells unfertilized products. And those from which the chickens will appear are placed under the chicken for incubation or taken to the incubator, where the chicken will mature.

Chickens, like people, must have love between a rooster and a hen, only in this case chickens will hatch from them. But such eggs are unsuitable for eating, so those who buy a large batch should check them out. To do this, you need to take 20 pieces of eggs from the batch and break them, or you can take 30 pieces from different trays, in which case the result will be more believable.

When checking take clean dishes and break the eggs there so that they are oriented with the embryo up. You can find out whether it is fertilized or not immediately after it is laid by the chicken. But this method is rarely used in practice, since broken products can no longer be used for further incubation.

Signs by which you can determine whether the egg is fertilized or not

There are some signs by which you can understand this:

1. first of all, according to the diameter of the germinal disc, it should be from 3 mm to 3.5 mm - the outer part should not be transparent.
2. But its central part, on the contrary, is transparent, in the center of which there is a whitish spot, and here the germinal disc is located.
3. The fertilized product will have a small amount of blood in the yolk.

How are fertilized eggs determined?

And if a white egg is easy enough to enlighten, then a brown one is quite difficult. This means they will be placed under a hen or in an incubator with a high degree of risk that they are not fertilized. The way out in this situation is very simple - you need to choose only white eggs for laying in the incubator. Their embryo is easily visible, and therefore it will not be necessary to peer into the contents of the object for a long time.

First of all, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that a fertilized egg will have identify blood vessels in some area. So, if translucent it, streaks and small black dots are not noticeable, then this object is not fertilized and does not need to be placed in an incubator. But it also happens that a clot cannot be determined in a translucent yolk, but the blood contour around the yolk is clearly visible. In this case, you can immediately throw away this object, since this fact indicates that the embryo inside died for some reason.

This method significantly reduces the amount of waste during the incubation process.

There is a special device with which you can determine whether the eggs are fertilized or not, and this device is called the ovoscope. It consists of a small, in which the eggs are folded, this container with a backlight, which is located at its bottom. You can use thin cardboard, previously twisted into a tube, for these purposes. It needs to be made with a thickness of 2 cm to 3 cm. It works like this, one end is brought to the object under study, and then to the light source.

But through the second end of the tube, the contents of the object should be considered. At the first stages of fertilization, approximately 4-5 days shaded area can be seen the size of a match head. And if you turn it in a horizontal plane, then this spot will move behind the yolk. Experts say that this area should be like the letter "O". This is true, since the contour of this spot is more pronounced, which indicates the fruitfulness of the subject under study. In the event that such a spot is completely darkened, then it is not fertilized, and it cannot be used to hatch chickens.

With this determination of the fertilization of eggs, the percentage of development of the germinal disc, which is located in the yolk of the egg, is taken into account. And about how viable this disk is, says a change in the volume of air in the chamber.

How the camera works

To perform this verification method, you need:

In the event that it was fertilized inside there is a live embryo, the disk will oscillate. And this, in turn, will cause vibrations in all layers of the egg, including the shell under the shell. So, it is determined whether it is fertilized and whether the germinal disc is viable.

This method is used not only when laying eggs in an incubator, but also in the process of incubation itself, which significantly reduces the amount of waste, and accordingly increases the percentage of successfully hatched chickens.