Diesel engine yamz 240. Diesel engines of trucks and tractors

YaMZ-240 engines belong to the group of V-shaped twelve-cylinder heavy diesel engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. This family was obtained by adding more cylinders to an eight-cylinder engine, as well as changing the angle of their collapse and the method of supporting the crankshaft main journals.
The technical characteristics of the engines of the YaMZ-240 series are different, the engines of this family are divided into atmospheric and turbocharged, but all have Euro-0 environmental indicators.

YaMZ-240 atmospheric engines include YaMZ-240M2 and YaMZ-240BM2-4 diesel engines. The base is the YaMZ-240M2 automobile engine, designed for installation on BelAZ mining dump trucks with a load capacity of thirty tons.

The YaMZ-240BM2-4 engine is a tractor modification of the YaMZ-240M2, made specifically for use on agricultural tractors K-701. Currently, YaMZ-240BM2-4 is not installed on new products and is supplied exclusively as spare parts. Due to the fact that the modification is made without a fluid coupling, the generator, which is structurally installed on the fluid coupling, is also not supplied with the engine.

The YaMZ-240NM2 and YaMZ-240PM2 engines are turbocharged modifications of the YaMZ-240M2 diesel engine and are designed for BelAZ mining dump trucks with a larger carrying capacity. The YaMZ-240NM2 models used on forty-two ton dump trucks are currently in main demand.

For details on the technical characteristics and applicability of the YaMZ-240 engine, see the page of the desired model.

The pride of Soviet industry, one of the symbols of its power, was the huge BelAZ mining dump truck. The "heart" of this heavy equipment is Yaroslavl - a 12-cylinder YaMZ-240 diesel engine. About the technical features of this model of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant and about where and how else the YaMZ-240 distinguished itself during its operation - later in this article.

YaMZ-240 became the first twelve-cylinder engine, the production of which was mastered in Yaroslavl. It was developed almost in parallel with the 6-cylinder and 8-cylinder, and was launched into the series shortly after them - in 1962. If the first two engines of this family were conceived and eventually became extremely versatile and multifunctional engines, then the YaMZ-240 was originally intended to solve a narrow range of special tasks.

These tasks are the equipment of specialized heavy equipment, the use of which implied the presence of a high power motor and, most importantly, powerful and constant traction. Namely, such equipment as mining dump trucks, snow and swamp vehicles, heavy tractors, diesel locomotives and special track machines.

Most of these powerful machines year after year toiled in a state of continuous endurance testing. Not only under loads close to extreme, but also in the harsh climatic conditions of Siberia and the Far North. As, for example, the ShSG-401 (Ermak) snow and swamp vehicle, designed to transport bulky goods weighing up to forty tons (drilling equipment parts, power transmission towers, containers, generators and pumping stations, pipes, building materials).

Snow and swamp chassis "ShSG-401", based on "Kirovets" with the engine "YaMZ-240"

Or the BelAZ quarry hero, designed to move large volumes of rocks from their place of extraction in difficult climatic areas. In the mining industry, in coal mines, in factories and process shops, as well as in the construction of large-scale production facilities.

The world-famous and no less legendary example of the Soviet industry than BelAZ was the Kirovets heavy tractor of the 5th traction class. YaMZ-240 was installed on its most powerful modifications - K-700A and K-701.

Diesel locomotive with YaMZ-240 engine

In the railway sector, YaMZ-240 was installed on MDP-4 diesel locomotives; on track "Smoothing-tamping-finishing machines of continuous action" - special trains intended for the construction, repair and maintenance of railway tracks.

Currently, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant produces six modifications of this family of 12-cylinder engines. Of these, 2 versions are “aspirated”, and 4 are gas turbine engines. The main demand in recent years is the YaMZ-240 / NM2 model, which is used on 42-ton heavy BelAZ dump trucks.

BelAZ-7523 dump truck with YaMZ-240/NM2 engine

The base model of the family is now YaMZ-240/M2. These engines have replaced the YaMZ-240 / M engines produced before 1988 and are interchangeable with them. Their main purpose is to install several modifications (mainly BelAZ-75405) on BelAZ mining dump trucks with a payload capacity of up to 30 tons and a gross weight of up to 52 tons. Power - 360 horsepower.
Engine YaMZ-240/BM2-4 is a tractor modification "YaMZ-240/M2". It is designed specifically for use on heavy tractors "Kirovets K-701". Currently, this model of the famous tractor has been discontinued (in 2002). Accordingly, YaMZ-240 / BM2-4 motors are not installed on new equipment and are supplied exclusively as spare parts. Since this version of the engine is produced without a fluid coupling, the generator, which is structurally installed on the fluid coupling, is also not supplied with the engine. YaMZ-240 / BM2-4 engines are interchangeable with YaMZ-240 / BM engines, which were made before December 1988, and with YaMZ-240 / B, produced before October 1985. The power of the "tractor version" is 300 horsepower.
Option YaMZ-240/PM2- This is a turbocharged engine modification designed for BelAZ -7540A, -75401, -75406, -75409, with a load capacity of 32 tons and a gross weight of 53 tons. Technologically, this motor is similar to the YaMZ-240 / M2 engine, and differs from it only in the presence of a turbocharging system.
Engines YaMZ-240/NM2 also belong to the class of forced turbocharged engines. They are installed on BelAZ-75485 mining dump trucks with a total operating weight of up to 72 tons. The power of YaMZ-240 / NM2 is 500 horsepower, against 420 for YaMZ-240 / PM2.
turbocharged engine YaMZ-240/NM2-1 also has a capacity of 500 horsepower and is used as a power unit for BelAZ -75485, -75486 and -75487, with a carrying capacity of 42 to 45 tons.

It is also possible to install engines of the series on these models of mining dump trucks. YaMZ-240/NM2-2, with technical characteristics similar to the YaMZ-240 / NM2-1, and slightly differing structurally from them.

The layout and arrangement of the YaMZ-240 engine

Some mistakenly believe that the YaMZ-240 is not a completely independent V12 model, but simply two “paired” six-cylinder YaMZ-236s. Of course, this is not so. This family appeared not only by adding four additional cylinders to an eight-cylinder engine, but also by changing the angle of their collapse; way to support the main journals of the crankshaft, and a number of other original design solutions. Due to the fact that the cylinders in this engine have a special arrangement, it was possible to achieve a significant reduction in the total mass of the power unit. .Details below.

The cylinders are located on the engine in two rows, in a common block with the upper part of the crankcase and are made at an angle of 75 degrees. The right row of cylinders is pushed forward relative to the left, with an offset of 35 millimeters. This is due to the fact that two connecting rods are installed on a single connecting rod journal of the crankshaft, separate for the right and left rows.

Cylinder heads "YaMZ-240"

The crankcase block is a hard casting made of gray low alloy cast iron, on which the cylinder liners, crankshaft, camshaft bushing and high pressure fuel pump are precisely worked out. Cylinder heads, depending on the YaMZ-240 modification, there are 12 of them individually for each cylinder, or 4 whole ones (three cylinders for each). Spring-loaded valves with rocker arms and nozzles are located in the cylinder heads.

The crankshaft of the YaMZ-240 engine is produced by hot stamping, with hardening of the necks with high-frequency currents. The crankshaft consists of seven main bearings and six connecting rod journals. A liquid vibration damper is installed at the front end of the crankshaft. The main bearings of the crankshaft are roller bearings. Axial fixation is provided by a thrust bearing with two bronze rings. The power take-off for the operation of additional equipment and units (fan, compressor, hydraulic pumps) is made from the front edge of the crankshaft

The flywheel is cast from gray cast iron. It is equipped with a ring gear for starting the motor with a starter. Bolted to the hub on the tapered shank of the crankshaft. The hub is pressed on the shank with a large interference, therefore, when repairing the engine, it is impossible to do without a special tool to remove it.

Connecting rod of steel shaped forging, with an I-section rod. A special channel runs along this rod, specially drilled to supply oil to the bearing located on the upper head of the connecting rod.

Pistons are cast from high-silicon aluminum alloy. On each of them - three compression and one oil scraper ring, with an expander. The compression rings have a trapezoidal section. The pistons of the turbocharged versions of the YaMZ-240 differ from the pistons of the "atmospheric" engines: they have an enlarged combustion chamber and a groove on the skirt for the oil cooling nozzle. But the cylinder liners of all modifications of the 12-cylinder YaMZ are interchangeable.

Gas distribution mechanism

The gas distribution mechanism is an overhead valve, with a lower camshaft. The camshaft is a stamped carbon steel part; its necks and cams are additionally hardened. The total number of cams on the camshaft is 24 (for intake and exhaust valves). On each of the cylinders - one inlet and one exhaust valve, made of heat-resistant steel. The valves are tightly seated with special springs, with locks of a special design. This lock contributes to the rotation of the valves, which has a positive effect on improving engine performance.

Lubrication system "YaMZ-240"

This engine has a mixed type lubrication system, with a "wet sump". Oil circulation in the lubrication system is provided by an oil pump. From the crankcase, oil under pressure is supplied to the filter, passes through it. Further, through special channels and highways, it rushes sequentially: to the internal cavity of the crankshaft; to the connecting rod bearings, axles and push rods; to rocker arm bearings; to the camshaft bearings; in the cavity of the high pressure fuel pump and the speed controller. The oil that has passed the specified path is drained back into the crankcase.

In addition, for the turbocharged versions of the YaMZ-240, a jet oil cooling system for the pistons during their operation is provided. The oil for this special additional cooling of the pistons is supplied through a system of special lines and nozzles.

Power supply system "YaMZ-240"

The power supply system of the 12-cylinder "Yaroslavets" includes the following components and assemblies: a high-pressure fuel pump equipped with an all-mode speed controller and an injection advance clutch; two fuel booster pumps; low and high pressure fuel lines; coarse and fine fuel filters; nozzles.

The speed controller is a mechanism that, by changing the amount of fuel supply depending on the load, maintains the engine crankshaft speed set by the driver or machine operator. The fuel injection advance clutch changes the timing of the start of fuel delivery, optimizing it in accordance with the specific speed of the crankshaft.

The order of operation of the power supply system is as follows. Fuel priming pumps pump fuel, passing through the coarse filter, from the tank, and drive it to the high pressure pump. At the inlet to the injection pump, the fuel passes through a fine filter. In accordance with the order of operation of the cylinders, the high-pressure fuel pump supplies fuel, through the high-pressure fuel lines, to the injectors, which inject it into the working cavities of the cylinders. Excess fuel, as well as the fuel that leaked through the nozzles during their operation, flows back into the fuel tank through special low-pressure lines.

Turbocharging on forced versions of YaMZ-240

Each of the turbocharged modifications of these engines is equipped with two K-36 turbochargers, which use the energy of exhaust gases for additional engine boost. Turbochargers significantly increase the mass of air that enters the cylinders. This contributes to a more complete and efficient combustion of increased doses of fuel. Due to this, the engine power indicators increase, while maintaining moderate thermal stress, and with lower fuel consumption.

It should be noted that in Soviet times, YaMZ-240 engines were equipped with K-36 turbochargers manufactured in Czechoslovakia. Since 2010, turbochargers of domestic production, NPO Turbotekhnika (Protvino, Moscow Region) have been installed on engines of this family. In their design, they are completely similar to the "K-36", but have a different name - "TKR-100".

Engine cooling system "YaMZ-240"

The engine cooling system is liquid, circulating. The centrifugal pump circulates the coolant. From it, under pressure, the liquid enters the water jackets of the left and right row of the cylinder block; after that - in the cylinder heads, and is collected in the catchment pipelines. Of these, the heated liquid is fed through thermostats to the radiator, where it gives off heat to the air flow from the fan and again enters the water centrifugal pump. If the temperature "outside" is low, then the thermostats supply coolant immediately to the centrifugal pump, bypassing the radiator.

YaMZ-240 is a 12-cylinder, four-stroke, compression-ignition diesel engine with a long piston stroke and high thrust. The arrangement of the cylinders is V-shaped, with a camber angle of 75 degrees. The power of the YaMZ-240 engines varies, depending on their modification, from three hundred to eight hundred horsepower.

"YAMZ-240 / BM2-4" - tractor modification, especially for "Kirovtsy"

First, about the technical parameters common to both atmospheric and gas turbine versions of the family:

The working volume of the engine is 22.3 liters.
Cylinder diameter -130 mm.
The piston stroke is 140 mm.
The torque range is from 1275 to 1818 rpm.
The nominal speed of the crankshaft is 2100 rpm.
The crankshaft speed at maximum torque is 1600 rpm.
The minimum crankshaft speed is 60 (=/-50) rpm.
The maximum crankshaft speed is 2325 rpm.
Overall dimensions of the motor: Length from 1577 to 1860 mm; Width from 1014 to 1098 mm; Height 1190 mm.
Lubrication system capacity - 39 liters; cooling systems - 35 l.

On the numerical expression of indicators that are different for atmospheric and turbocharged versions:

Power - from 300 to 420 horsepower for aspirated; from 500 to 800 horsepower - for gas turbine modifications.
Specific fuel consumption at rated power: 230 g/kWh for atmospherics; 224 g/kWh for NM gas turbine sets; 228 g / kWh for gas turbine series "PM".
Unfilled engine weight: 1670 kg - non-turbo engine; 1790 kg - turbocharged "engine".
The compression ratio in the naturally aspirated engine is 16.5; in the gas turbine - 15.2.

Operating experience of YaMZ-240 engines and owner reviews: advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of the YaMZ-240 engines, which are unanimously pointed out by all those who have experience in their operation, are excellent power and traction; as well as amazing unpretentiousness and durability. As for the first point, everything is clear here: the power taken from 12 cylinders (which work three at a time in a four-stroke engine) quite naturally gives an excellent result, and even with an “allowance”. Due to the solid power reserve, the load on the “vital” engine components is also reduced accordingly.

More specifically, about the durability of YaMZ-240: the engine has a really long service life, even under operating conditions that are unthinkable for imported diesel engines. As a rule, "YaMZ-240" does not bring trouble for the first 5-7 years of its "service"; the further fate of the motor depends on who and how works on this technique; Is she being properly cared for? Moreover, the word “care” means only the most elementary and simplest manipulations: timely replacement of oil and consumable filters; control that diesel fuel does not get into the oil, etc.

The reliability and unpretentiousness of the YaMZ-240 engines really inspire respect. There is no shortage of real life stories, when they drove equipment with YaMZ-240, if necessary, without oil, and without coolant, and with torn connecting rods, and with a hole in the block, with inverted liners ... But the motor endured and successfully experienced these terrible forced "experiments".

Among the shortcomings of these engines include a rather “intricate” engine lubrication system compared to other YaMZs. In particular: for example, the oil supply to the crankshaft occurs through a hole at its very beginning. And on the very last, sixth neck, lubricant is supplied through the entire crankshaft. If, for any reason, the oil pressure in the system decreases, then the lubricant simply stops reaching this last neck. The sixth neck begins to “starve” for oil, and if this is repeated systematically, then there is a real risk of the crankshaft knocking or jamming.

Another negative difference between YaMZ-240 and 6-cylinder YaMZ-236 and 8-cylinder YaMZ-238 is the complexity of its repair. For example, removing the rear flange of the crankshaft to which the flywheel is attached is tantamount to a feat. However, an even greater feat is to “put” him back, in place to the end. The mechanics of Kirovets K-701 point out that without special skills and experience acquired during the relevant training, even a simple repair of a 12-cylinder Yaroslavl is not possible.

Not only A. Lukashenko, but also D. Medvedev tried himself as a “driver of BelAZ”.

Another controversial issue is fuel consumption. Of course, such a "monster" as YaMZ-240 is very voracious, even compared to its "younger brother" - YaMZ-238. However, the peasants unequivocally point to the disproportionately higher productivity of the K-701 compared to other tractors, including the K-700. The 701st "Kirovets" plows much more confidently and faster, and on the basis of this, many prove the opposite: the increased fuel consumption is compensated by greater productivity and, as a result, it turns out to be economically even more justified. So there is no single point of view on this matter.

Price for YaMZ-240 engines

Prices for new YaMZ-240 engines in the official price list of the Yaroslavl Motor Engine start from 700,000 rubles for atmospheric engines and from 800,000 rubles for gas turbine versions. In addition, there is no shortage of offers on the Internet to purchase remanufactured YaMZ-240 engines, as well as those reactivated from long-term storage in the state reserve and in military units, at a price of 1.5-2 and even 3 times cheaper than a new one.

Engine's type: 12-cylinder heavy duty diesel engine with a V-arrangement of cylinders, a displacement of 22.3 liters and a power range from 300 to 500 hp.
Direct fuel injection, liquid cooling. Individual heads on each cylinder have 2 valves.
Twin turbocharging (optional) for each half of the cylinder block without intercooler (intercooler).
Resource before overhaul - up to 8000 hours for turbocharged modifications or up to 5000 hours for atmospheric modifications.
Complies with Euro 0 environmental class requirements.

Peculiarities: YaMZ-240 has been mass-produced since 1962. Passed many certifications and modifications for various equipment.
It was developed for heavy equipment: BELAZ mining dump trucks, K-701 "Kirovets" tractors, ShSG-401 snow and swamp-going chassis, railway diesel locomotives and railway special equipment.
It is unified with YaMZ-236 and YaMZ-238 engines and is their twelve-cylinder modification. Designed for harsh operating conditions and wide temperature ranges.
The contribution of this engine to the economy of our country is difficult to overestimate. Mining dump trucks "BELAZ", equipped with YaMZ-240, have been working properly and are still working in coal pits, ore and rare earth deposits, mining and processing plants. The traffic volumes provided by these engines cannot be calculated. It is also impossible to overestimate the contribution of these motors to the agricultural industry, because the famous heavy wheeled tractor of the fifth traction class K-701 Kirovets (namely, its most powerful modification with 300 hp) was equipped with the YaMZ-240 engine.
The engine has proven to be excellent in operation. Power and confident traction is inherent in this motor. Many owners of the Kirovtsev K-701 note the high performance of tractors with the YaMZ-240 and attribute this not only to the high engine power, but also to the increased mass of the engine (and hence the entire tractor), which is sometimes necessary for successful tillage. Fuel consumption in this case must be commensurate with the overall performance of the equipment. Indeed, twelve cylinders have an impressive consumption, but a tractor with such an engine is capable of much. Sometimes it really makes sense to increase costs in order to get an outstanding result. The advantage of the motor is also unpretentiousness. Many owners save a lot on oil and high-quality diesel fuel, but in most cases the motor forgives this (if we are talking about the atmospheric version of the motor). The same owners who use high-quality oil and fuel, as well as regularly change oil and filters, usually operate their equipment for a long time and calmly.
In the repair of YaMZ 240, it also proved itself well. Of course, the mechanic must have the appropriate qualifications and certain experience, then there will be no problems. The domestic origin of the engine here plays into the hands of mechanics: original spare parts do not have to wait long, besides, the price of YaMZ 240 spare parts does not depend much on the exchange rate. The use of original YaMZ spare parts justifies itself; the use of analogues and non-original spare parts is fraught with repeated repairs. Turbocharged versions of the engine at different times were equipped with imported turbines K-36 (Czech Republic) or domestic TKR-100. When repairing, mechanics prefer to overpay for the K-36, despite the fact that two turbines are installed per engine (on the left and on the right half of the cylinders). This is where the impeccable reputation of the turbine manufacturer CZ Strakonice comes into play.
Difficulties with repairs are possible only with old versions of the YaMZ 240 with common heads (for three cylinders each). The fact is that since 1999 the Yaroslavl Motor Plant switched to individual heads.

In order to optimize production processes, the production of the following products was discontinued:

Cylinder block for common heads YaMZ 240
- common heads for three cylinders YaMZ 240

Owners of equipment with old-style YaMZ 240 engines with common heads were confronted with this fact. The repair of such motors has become more difficult, although it is possible to repair the common heads (the valves are unified with the YaMZ 236), in addition, the production of the old-style piston group with a long sleeve has also not been discontinued (the CPG is unified with the YaMZ 236). However, the biggest problem was the inability to purchase a new cylinder block for a common head. In vain, some owners believed that the YaMZ 240 cylinder block was not subject to wear. The main bearing sockets break over time, and the block can simply crack in the cold (if you haven’t looked after the coolant).
To repair YaMZ 240 with common heads, a lot of new parts will be required: a new block for separate heads, new individual heads for each cylinder (12 pieces), a new piston group (12 sets), new exhaust and intake manifolds, new water pipes and nozzles, new high pressure fuel lines. The cost of repairing a YaMZ 240 with common heads is approaching the cost of a new YaMZ 240 with separate heads, so most owners decide to purchase a new motor assembly with a manufacturer's warranty.

The YaMZ 240 engine is a 12-cylinder diesel power plant manufactured by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. It is installed on large-tonnage vehicles, tractors and diesel trains. Its development was carried out on the basis of a 6-cylinder YaMZ 236 engine. The YaMZ 240 engine will come out both in an atmospheric version and with a turbocharger. All models of the series meet the unified Euro-0 environmental standard. 12-cylinder "aspirated" of the Yaroslavl plant are characterized by a capacity of 300-360 liters. With. Turbocharged - 420-500 hp With. The main advantage of the YaMZ 240 series is its high power characteristics, which allow these units to be installed on powerful cars and tractors. To transmit high torque, YaMZ 240 engines are equipped with hydraulic couplings that can withstand heavy loads.

History of the YaMZ 240 engine

The history of the production of the YaMZ 240 engine began in the 70s of the last century. Its prototype was the YaMZ 236 engine, which was supposed to replace outdated low-power units. Already in the 1950s, it became clear that the existing production line would not be able to meet the growing demands of agriculture and the mining industry. The question of creating a new generation of diesel engines with high performance has become acute. So, in the early 60s, the YaMZ 236 series appeared, and later the YaMZ 240. The latter is the practical result of a combination of two power plants of the 236 series.

The use of atmospheric engines brand YaMZ 240

The main purpose of the YaMZ 240 engine is its installation on BelAZ vehicles of various carrying capacities. In addition, it is possible to develop other platforms with the need for powerful powertrains. Such an example is a small MDP4 diesel train with two YaMZ 240 engines. The first MDP4 diesel train was produced in 1997 by the Lyudinovsky Diesel Locomotive Plant. It consists of 4 cars: leading and tail - locomotives, two middle - intermediate. Number of seats - 64. Design speed - 90 km/h.

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The YaMZ-240M2 engine is installed on BelAZ dump trucks with a carrying capacity of up to 30 tons. The engine torque is 1275 (130) N m (kgf m) at a speed of 2100 rpm. Engine power - 360 l. With. The motor package does not include a gearbox, a hydraulic clutch and a power take-off mechanism. The YaMZ-240BM2-4 engine is designed for installation on K-701 tractors. At the moment, its production is carried out only as a spare part. Installation on other vehicles is not planned. Engine torque - 1275 (130) N m (kgf m) at a speed of 1900 rpm. Motor power - 300 hp Fluid coupling, gearbox and power take-off are not supplied.

Turbo diesel engines YaMZ 240

The YaMZ-240PM2 turbodiesel engine has a torque of 1491 (152) N m (kgf m) at a speed of 2100 rpm. Motor power - 420 l. With. It is installed on BelAZ vehicles with a carrying capacity of 30-32 tons. The YaMZ-240NM2, YaMZ-240NM2-1 and YaMZ-240NM2-2 engine brands are forced motors of the 240th series. Their torque is 1815 (185) N m (kgf m) at a speed of 2100 rpm. Motor power - 500 l. With. They are installed on BelAZ vehicles with a carrying capacity of 42-45 tons. The transition to the production of turbodiesel modifications of the YaMZ 240 engine made it possible to reduce fuel consumption and increase their power. In the delivery set of all turbocharged engines there are no: power take-off mechanism, fluid coupling and gearbox.

YaMZ-240 is a 12-cylinder powerful engine with a reliable design and high-quality technical characteristics, used in special equipment that requires high-power motors for operation.

Powerful diesel

The YaMZ-240 diesel engine, the technical characteristics of which allow the engine to be effectively used on heavy equipment, has been produced since 1962. The diesel engine is included in the first generation of power units developed by the enterprise and put into mass production. In addition to the 12-cylinder YaMZ-240, this line was made up of the 6-cylinder YaMZ-236 and the 8-cylinder YaMZ-238. All of these power units have a V-shaped design, a good set of technical and economic indicators, and wide unification.

Thanks to the unification achieved, it was possible to reduce production costs, which not only made it possible to increase the number of motors produced, but also to reduce further operating costs and improve maintainability. These qualities contributed to the widespread use of the new power unit.

Application of YaMZ-240

Strong 12-cylinder engines, the power of which, depending on the modification, ranges from 300 to 600 horsepower, were designed for completing various equipment that requires not only high power, but also high reliability. These factors are due to the fact that almost always such vehicles or industrial equipment had to work in difficult conditions. Therefore, the technical characteristics originally laid down for the YaMZ-240 made it possible to install and confidently operate the following equipment with the indicated power units:

mining dump trucks BelAZ of various carrying capacity;
locomotives TIR;
tractor "Kirovets";
special caterpillar tractors;
multi-axle chassis for various purposes;
mine dump trucks MoAZ.

The efficient operation of this equipment is facilitated not only by the technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240 engine, but also by the gearboxes and clutches often installed together with it, produced at the Yaroslavl plant and specially designed for these engines.

Purpose and technical parameters of YaMZ-240 NM2

One of the most common modifications currently produced is the YaMZ-240 engine under the NM2 index. It has three configuration options and is installed on BelAZ dump trucks with a carrying capacity of 40 to 45 tons, as well as on special equipment made on the basis of these vehicles. Such an application is provided by the following technical characteristics of YaMZ-240 NM2:

type - diesel;
version - four-stroke, turbocharged;
cooling - liquid;
number of cylinders - 12 pieces;
location - V-shaped;
camber angle - 75 degrees;
working volume - 22.3 l;
power - 500.0 l. With.;
nominal speed - 2100 rpm;
compression ratio - 15.22;
cylinder diameter / piston stroke - 13/14 (cm);
number of valves per cylinder - 2 pcs.;
specific fuel consumption - 208.0 g / kW. h;
mixture formation - direct injection;
weight - 1.79 t;
dimensions (m);
length - 1.76;
width - 1.10;
height - 1.19;
resource - 8000 h.

Diesel device

A simple design provides YaMZ-240 with the technical characteristics of the required parameters and reliable operation. The main elements of the power unit are:

cylinder block;
crankshaft;
pallet of the block of cylinders;
cylinder head with liners;
radial turbocharger;
flywheel;
pistons, connecting rods;
camshaft;
pushers, valves;
gas pipeline;
rotation regulator;
air filter;
oil filter;
coarse and fine fuel filters;
oil pump;
high pressure fuel pump with drive;
fuel pump;
fuel pipelines;
water pump;
pipelines of the cooling system;
starter;
generator.

For reliable long-term operation, as well as maintaining the established technical characteristics of the YaMZ-240, it is necessary to perform the maintenance established by the manufacturer. For this motor, such a frequency is set:

TO-1 - every 500 hours of operation;
TO-2 - every 1000 hours.

In addition, it is required to carry out daily care and seasonal maintenance, the procedure for which is determined by the YaMZ-240 operating manual.

Possible diesel malfunctions

Despite the fact that the engine, by modern standards, has a fairly simple design, a long production period, which made it possible to work out the production technology, like any other complex mechanism, certain malfunctions may occur during its operation. The most frequent of them, based on the operating experience of these power units, include:

breakdown of fuel equipment due to the use of low-quality fuel or fuel that does not correspond to the season of operation, as well as untimely replacement of fuel filters;
early wear of the connecting rod and piston group due to the use of inappropriate lubricants;
the occurrence of extraneous knocking due to a violation of the valve adjustment;
power reduction due to clogging of the exhaust tract and / or air filter.

The powerful YaMZ-240 internal combustion engine, whose technical characteristics and proven design are still effective when used on special equipment that requires high power and high reliability, is widely used now.