Peso, reals and salt: the motley world of currencies in Latin America. Currencies of Latin America Monetary units of Latin American countries
Over the past 20 years, Latin America has greatly improved its economic position, therefore, its pairs have become an excellent alternative to currencies that tend to move in a narrow price channel. Today we will consider the currencies of Latin America, but before proceeding to this, let's analyze the features of this region.
Latin America itself began to develop after the 1950s, for several reasons. During World War II, this territory was not affected, and Latin America managed to occupy new niches in the world market.
In addition, this territory acted as a bridgehead between America and the USSR during the Cold War, as a result of which local countries regularly received tranches from patrons. While much of it went into the pockets of a corrupt government, some of the investment did help modernize infrastructure.
In addition, it turned out that there are a lot of minerals in this area. Another important factor that contributed to economic development is a favorable climate for agriculture. Fruits, coffee, sugar and cocoa are massively cultivated in this territory, which are exported to developed countries.
USD/MXN is a highly active pair
Currently, Mexico is the most promising country in Latin America, as it is closely connected with the American economy, and the local government, which used to cover up some illegal structures, has begun an active fight against corruption and drugs.
In the previous picture, you can see the dynamics of the GDP of the most developed countries in this area. Brazil is number one, Mexico is number two, and Argentina is number three. But if we recalculate the indicator taking into account per capita, then we will get completely different data.
Based on the previous graph, it is not difficult to conclude that Mexico is the most developed in the region. This is confirmed by some other indicators, unemployment in Mexico does not exceed 5 percent, and inflation is in the range of 3.5-4.5 percent.
Thanks to this, large savings are regularly invested in Mexico.
Due to the fact that Mexico exports 81 percent of its products to America, the quotes of the USD/MXN currency pair depend on the following three factors:
- The situation in America. If purchasing power decreases in America, Americans are in no hurry to spend their savings, a downtrend is born on the USD/MXN pair. This is also explained by the devaluation of the national currency in Mexico, which is carried out in order to compensate for losses.
- State of the budget in Mexico. In the event that expenses become greater than income, Mexicans use the devaluation of the national currency.
- The attractiveness of Mexican products in the world market.
Let's take a closer look at the third point, what you need to pay attention to. Let's take a look at Mexico's exports in 2016.
From this table it can be seen that the main goods are hardware and electronics. We conclude that Mexico is a competitor for Japan, the EU and China. From this it is not difficult to guess that if Mexico's competitors began to weaken their currency, then it is highly likely that Mexico will follow suit.
To date, Mexico remains dependent on the primary industry, despite the fact that every year it exports less and less oil, the dependence is still visible.
Another important factor to consider when trading this currency is seasonality. Despite the fact that many traders consider this to be wrong, a certain pattern can be clearly traced in history depending on the time of year.
In the course of the conducted research, it was revealed that the peso becomes cheaper in relation to its American neighbors in the periods from April 4 to June 25, from July to September inclusive, and from November to December inclusive.
Various trend trading strategies work well on the USD/MXN pair, as its quotes very rarely move in a narrow price channel. In addition, high liquidity makes the peso suitable for price action.
USD/BRL is a typical Latin American currency
Brazil is another developed country in Latin America. Before proceeding to the description of the dollar / real pair, I suggest that you consider the main features of Brazil. Most of Brazil has a tropical and equatorial climate. More recently, this has been seen more as a minus than a plus. But in the last 10 years, a huge breakthrough has been made in infrastructure.
Nowadays, this country is considered one of the largest producers of sugar and beans, as well as coffee and other products. By reducing the amount of rainforest, farmers have been able to increase the number of livestock, which in turn increased the amount of meat exported.
Brazil also exports minerals, namely iron and oil. Most of the exports are for foodstuffs.
Compared to Mexico, Brazil has a more diversified economy. But it is worth noting that raw materials in this country play a more important role than manufactured goods.
Sometimes the government of the country deliberately devalues the national currency in order to oust its competitors. An example is the competition with American soybean farmers. Brazil is a commodity country, so if the price of some exported goods becomes cheaper, it compensates for the losses by devaluing the currency.
America will not depreciate the dollar just to support one segment, resulting in periods of low soybean prices for American farmers to abandon this crop, and Brazilian farmers enter into supply agreements with China and the Middle East.
To trade the USD/BRL pair, you need to constantly monitor what is happening in the commodity markets and politicians' statements.
Real Madrid also depends a lot on the political situation, as Brazil is a hot country in every sense. Corruption and a lot of criminals are rampant in this country. Sometimes these threats cause political crises, protests and unrest, which causes capital outflows.
Real, like the Russian ruble, is in demand among carry traders, which is explained by the high interest rate of the Central Bank.
You can use this relationship to your advantage. Namely:
- If government bonds rise in price, it is worth buying reais.
- If government bonds fall in price, it is worth selling reals.
In terms of seasonality, the situation on the dollar/real pair is more complicated than on the dollar/peso pair, since the Brazilian economy is more dependent on “manual control”, and many decisions of the Central Bank run counter to multi-year cycles.
Dollar/Chilean peso
For trading, speculators can use the dollar/Chilean peso pair. Chile is a state with a relatively stable economy; in terms of GDP, it significantly exceeds all of its neighbors.
The government of this state managed to achieve a similar result thanks to a competent policy in the field of the economy, as well as the presence of significant mineral reserves. In the export of this state, more than 50% is copper, as well as other ores. Because of this feature, Chile is much more dependent on mineral exports than Brazil.
The focus of the economy on export carries certain risks for the economy, so the leadership of Chile is making a huge amount of effort to develop the electronics industry, which acts as the main local consumer of copper.
It is important to remember that such easily accessible copper deposits as in Chile practically do not exist in the whole world.
When using the dollar/Chilean peso currency pair, remember that there is an inverse between it and copper. Thus, with an increase in the cost of copper, the price of the Chilean peso increases against the dollar. With a decrease in demand for copper in the world market, the local currency begins to become cheaper.
There are many options for using the features of this currency pair to generate income. Experienced speculators recommend bidding on the convergence of assets. You need to open orders to buy the dollar/Chilean peso pair in situations where the value of the currency increases more slowly than the price of copper.
The leadership of Chile is pursuing a fairly soft credit and financial policy, so the changing exchange rate of the local currency plays the role of a shock absorber for the economy.
On the currency pair under consideration, seasonal trends can be quite easily traced. In the photo below, you can see the main cycles that traders can use as a filter for signals received from technical instruments. 
Conclusion
In this material, we got acquainted with the features of the main pairs, which include Latin American currencies. Despite this, all three states under consideration are located in different climatic and geographical zones, they have a number of similar characteristics, including:
- All the states we are considering are highly dependent on the dynamics of exports.
- The pairs we are considering are quite volatile, which allows speculators to use them to generate income.
- These currency pairs are full-fledged market instruments, despite the fact that they have a number of specific features.
The considered currency pairs behave even more logically than the main world currencies. This is because the central banks of these Latin American states do not use negative or zero rates. It should be remembered that not all dealing centers provide the opportunity to trade the considered currency pairs.
Since 1994, the monetary units of the largest country in Latin America in terms of area and population - Brazil - have been reals. It should be noted that during the twentieth century the currency of this state changed several times. First, for three centuries, from 1690 to 1942, the real was used, then it was replaced by a cruzeiro (in the ratio of a thousand reais to one cruzeiro), in 1967 a new cruzeiro appeared, again equal to a thousand old ones. By 1986, everything began to return to normal, a thousand new cruzeiros were replaced by one cruzado, and in 1994, the real again became the currency of Brazil. One real is equal to one hundred centavos. Banknotes in denominations of one, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred reais are used in circulation. Coins involved in monetary circulation - one, five, ten, twenty-five, fifty centavos and one real. But, it is worth noting that in places often visited by tourists, dollars are also accepted. After overcoming the "bottom" of the financial crisis, the Brazilian real began to grow rapidly. So, the world famous bank Goldman Sachs, at the end of 2009, called this currency the most overvalued. Now the Brazilian real is lower than at the beginning of February 2010: 16.26 rubles then and 15.61 rubles now.
The Argentine peso (P, ARS) is the national currency of another major Latin American state, Argentina. Until 1991, the money of this country was the austral (derived from the Latin word "south"). The Argentine peso is equal to one hundred centavos. In circulation, banknotes are used in denominations of two, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred pesos, as well as coins in denominations of one, two, five pesos and one, five, ten, twenty-five, fifty centavos. However, the American dollar is accepted almost everywhere, of course, the Argentine government is trying to fight this, since such a situation significantly undermines the sovereignty of the economy, but so far these attempts have not brought significant results. The exchange rate of the Argentine peso is influenced by the dollar exchange rate, by the end of February 2010, 7 rubles 87 kopecks were given for one Argentine peso, at the moment it is about 5 rubles 43 kopecks.
The national currency of Mexico is now the Mexican peso (MXP). It is noteworthy that in the middle of the nineteenth century this currency was in direct competition with the dollar, the peso was widely used in North America. In 1993, a denomination of money was carried out in Mexico, a thousand old pesos were exchanged for one new one. One Mexican peso is equal to one hundred centavos. Now paper banknotes are used in denominations of ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred, two hundred, five hundred Mexican pesos, as well as coins in denominations of five, ten, twenty and fifty centavos. In Mexico, along with the peso, American dollars are also accepted, in many establishments prices are even indicated in both currencies. But paying with dollars locally is not worth it, since the exchange rate is often not very favorable. The Mexican peso is heavily dependent on the dollar, so it has lost ground over the past six months. In February 2010, for one peso they give 2 rubles 99 kopecks, now - 2 rubles 53 kopecks.
The Colombian currency is also called the peso (COP). One Colombian peso is equal to one hundred centavos, but in this case the division of pesos into centavos is just a tradition, because in essence they are useless, a coin of the smallest practical denomination is equal to fifty pesos. It is interesting that the Colombian peso has changed many times, but at the same time, the old modifications have not gone out of circulation, now a bill of the same denomination can be found in four versions, the only exception is a banknote of fifty thousand. In circulation, banknotes are used in denominations of five, ten, twenty and fifty thousand pesos, as well as coins of fifty, one hundred, two hundred, five hundred and one thousand pesos. As in some Latin American countries, the American dollar is widely used in Colombia, here it is more profitable to pay with this currency if you buy jewelry, while other purchases are best made by paying in pesos. The peak of the Colombian peso against the ruble was at the end of September 2009, after which there was a slight decline, in 2010, about 14 rubles 67 kopecks were given for a thousand Colombian pesos, now this figure is 17 rubles 19 kopecks.
The national currency of Chile is the Chilean peso (CLP), one peso is equal to one hundred centavos, but as in the case of Colombia, the centavo is not used. As the national currency, the Chilean peso has been used for a very long time, even some neighboring states used the monetary unit of Chile as their money. At the moment, the Chilean currency is one of the most well-protected in Latin America. In circulation, denominations of five hundred, one thousand, two thousand, five thousand and ten thousand pesos and coins of one, five, ten, fifty and one hundred pesos are used. It is interesting that revolutionaries are depicted on all the money of Chile and there is an inscription "Republica de Chile", but in 2008 a coin was issued with the national Chilean hero Bernardo O "Higgins, which contained a typo, instead of "Republica de Chile" it indicated "Republica de Chiie". Due to this annoying and sensational oversight, the head of the mint was fired in February 2010. Since the country's economy is growing quite quickly, besides, Chile has the lowest level of corruption, even in the context of the global financial crisis the peso remained fairly stable, but its rate may be affected by the consequences caused by a strong earthquake that occurred at the end of February 2010. At the beginning of 2011, 58 rubles 93 kopecks were given per thousand Chilean pesos, now -63 rubles 12 kopecks.
In Bolivia, the boliviano (BOB), which is equal to one hundred centavos, is used as money. This state had its own national currency relatively recently, in 1939. However, despite this, some other Latin American countries also used the Bolivian as their money. Previously, this currency was rather poorly protected, but the number of fakes is still not very large - Bolivia has very strict laws on this part. Now in circulation are banknotes of five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred and two hundred bolivianos and coins of one, two bolivianos and ten, twenty, fifty centavos. Despite the disagreements between the US government and Bolivia, you can pay with dollars instead of the Bolivian, but it is better to import this currency in the form of traveller's checks. The boliviano exchange rate against the ruble has significantly decreased over the past six months, so in February 2010 for ten bolivianos they gave 42 rubles 52 kopecks, at the moment - 47 rubles 82 kopecks.
In Venezuela, the bolivar (VEB) is used as the national currency, it is equal to one hundred centimes. This currency was named, of course, in honor of Simon Bolivar, one of the leaders of the war of independence, which liberated, in particular, Venezuela and other Latin American countries from Spanish rule. In 2008, the bolivar was denominated, one new bolivar was equal to a thousand old ones. After that, denominations of two, five, ten, twenty, fifty, one hundred bolivars and coins of one, five, ten, twelve and a half, twenty-five, fifty centimes and one bolívar began to be used in circulation. It is noteworthy that all Venezuelan money has a bright, memorable design. Famous political and public figures are depicted on one side of the banknotes, and animals living in Venezuela are depicted on the reverse side. After the denomination of the bolivar, the Central Bank of the country, in order to strengthen the national currency, carried out some kind of advertising campaign. Since dollars and even euros are used in the country along with bolivars, this was necessary, but unfortunately these actions did not have much success. In 2008, when the official exchange rate of the bolivar against the dollar was 2 bolivars 15 cents, the dollar was bought on the black market for 5 bolivars and 20 cents. By the way, these data are prohibited in Venezuela for wide publicity. Now the exchange rate of the ruble against the bolivar is 5 rubles 27 kopecks.
Another interesting Latin American currency is the national currency of Peru, the new sol (PEN). This money has been put into circulation since July 1993. Salt has been used since 1863, and at first its rate was pegged to the French franc, then to the pound sterling, then to the dollar, but in 1975 the salt rate became floating. Due to very high inflation at the end of the eighties, a thousand soles were exchanged for a new monetary unit - inti, but soon, namely in 1993, a million inti was already exchanged for one new salt. Now in circulation are denominations of ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred sol, as well as coins in denominations of one tenth, two tenths, five tenths of sol and one, two and five sol. It is almost impossible to pay in Peru with any other currency other than salt, in addition, you are unlikely to be able to exchange anything other than the dollar for salt. Now the exchange rate of the ruble against the Peruvian new salt is 11 rubles 83 kopecks.
Cuba officially has two national currencies: the convertible (CUC) and the non-convertible Cuban peso (CUP) - a situation largely familiar to people with Soviet experience. The non-convertible peso is used only for internal circulation, it is used to pay salaries, but this currency cannot be exchanged for any foreign currency. A convertible peso is used to pay tourists, it can be exchanged for US dollars at a strictly fixed rate. Previously, the use of the dollar in Cuba was strictly prohibited, but now the government has made some indulgences in this regard, since the convertible peso has become practically useless, all payments in places popular with tourists can be made in dollars, in addition, the export of the national currency outside of Cuba strictly prohibited. The convertible peso is used mainly only for the conversion of non-convertible pesos into US currency by local residents. However, no establishment will accept a credit card issued by a US bank. The Cuban peso is subdivided into one hundred centavos. In circulation, banknotes equal to one, three, five, ten, twenty, fifty and one hundred pesos and coins of one, three pesos and one, two, five, twenty and forty centavos are used. Convertible and non-convertible pesos differ in that the former has a brighter design and the banknote has the inscription "convertible". At the moment, the rate of the Cuban peso has stopped at around 33 rubles 14 kopecks.
At the end of 2008, the President of Venezuela put forward the idea of creating a common Latin American currency. This, according to Hugo Chavez, will help get rid of dependence on the dollar, since at the moment all settlements between Latin American countries are carried out in dollars. The single currency is called the sucre (it must be said that this name has a double meaning, on the one hand it is an abbreviation for sistema unitario de compensacion regional, on the other hand, Latin America has a historical hero of the struggle for independence - Antonio José Sucre.) The first actual transaction using this currency was made on February 3, 2010, with this money Cuba paid for the supply of rice from Venezuela. At this stage, sucres are used only as electronic money. So far, the use of sucre has been supported only by member countries of the ALBA alliance (Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América, this alliance includes Venezuela, Bolivia, Ecuador, Cuba, Nicaragua, Dominica, Honduras, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda), but it is possible soon this currency in Latin America will become as popular as the euro in Europe.
Money in the life of every person takes one of the leading roles. Often you can find many different names for certain monetary units, but usually few of us think about where these names came from. In this article, we will consider some of the monetary units of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the present, and also try to determine where their names came from.
ABAZ
Iranian silver coin, widespread in the 16th-17th centuries. in the countries of the Caucasus, the Middle East and Central Asia. It got its name from the name of the Iranian Shah Abbas I (1587-1628), under which its release began.
ALTYN
An old Russian monetary unit. The term comes from the Tatar word alty - six, because originally altyn was equal to 6 money.
BALBOA
Monetary unit of Panama. Named in honor of the conquistador, discoverer of the Pacific Ocean Vasco Nunez de Balboa.
BOLIVAR
Monetary unit of Venezuela, and, earlier, Uruguay. Named after the fighter for the independence of Latin America Simon Bolivar.
GELLER
The name of a variety of European coins, as well as a modern token coin of the Czech Republic. The German word Heller or Haller is the name of pfennig, originally minted in the city of Halle, presumably already in the middle of the 12th century.
GUINEA
British gold coin, the issue of which began in 1663 from gold mined in the African colony of Guinea (Guinea), hence the name of the coin.
dimes
The Russian name of the coin, denomination of 10 kopecks from 1701. The name hryvnia goes back to the old Russian monetary unit hryvnia. The designation of the denomination with the word hryvnia (sometimes hryvnia) was put on coins from the beginning of their issue under Peter I (1689-1725). Under Paul I (1796-1801), the denomination “10 kopecks” began to be used on coins.
HRYVNA
Weight, money-weight and monetary unit of Ancient Rus' and other Slavic countries, the name of the modern monetary unit of Ukraine. The name comes from an ornament made of gold or silver in the form of a hoop, which was worn around the neck (nape) and used as primitive money.
GROSH
A type of coin widespread in Europe, a modern token coin of Poland and Austria. Name - the Slavic version of the German name of the coin is groshen.
GREAT
The name of the German coin comes from the Latin denarius grossus - a thick (large) denarius.
GULDEN
The name of German and Dutch coins and the modern currency of the Netherlands. The Dutch word gulden literally means golden.
DENARIUS
An ancient Roman silver coin that served as the basis for the creation of various types of coins in Europe and the Middle East. The name comes from the value of coins of 10 asses (in Latin denarius - ten).
DINAR (denar)
The name of monetary units and small coins of many countries of the world, mainly of the Arab East. The name goes back to the Roman denarius.
DIRHAM (dirham)
The name of coins and monetary units, mainly in Arab countries. The name comes from the Greek drachma.
DOLLAR
The monetary unit of the United States and many other countries of the world. The name comes from thaler. Since the weight of the first American dollars was equal to the Spanish peso, the symbol "$" is used to denote the dollar, as well as to denote the peso.
DONG
The name of a certain type of coin in Southeast Asia, as well as the monetary unit of modern Vietnam.
The name goes back to the inscriptions on the first coins Thong bun - a full-fledged walking coin.
DRACHMA
The name of the coins in Greece, starting from ancient times, as well as the name of the modern monetary unit of Greece.
It comes from the Greek word drachma - a handful and goes back to the times when metal bars - obols served as money in Greece, a handful of which of 6 pieces made up a drachma.
EFIMOK
Russian name for thalers. It arose as an abbreviation of the full name of the coin Joachimsthaler, only, unlike Western Europe, the final part of the word was discarded. Perhaps the name was not formed directly in Russia, but was borrowed from the Poles.
PLN
Monetary unit of Poland. In Polish, zloty means golden.
CARBOVANETS
Ukrainian name for the ruble. The term arose in the 17th century, when the minting of ruble coins with notches (carbs) on edges began in Russia.
KETSAL (b)
The monetary unit of Guatemala, named after the eponymous legendary long-tailed tropical bird quetzal.
KLIPA
The name of any non-circular coin. It comes from the Swedish word klippe, which means to cut with scissors.
KOPEYKA
The Russian name for a token coin minted from the 16th century to the present. The name is due to the fact that the main plot of the obverse side of the coins was the image of a rider with a spear.
KREUTZER
The name of the type of German and Austrian coins minted from the 13th century. The name comes from the German word kreuz - cross, the main motif of the image of the first issues of this coin.
CROWN
The name of many medieval coins and modern monetary units. The name comes from the royal crown depicted on the coin.
KUNA
The monetary unit in Ancient Rus' and among some other Slavs, as well as the modern monetary unit of Croatia. The name comes from the fact that this unit roughly corresponded in value to the skin of a marten, one of the most common commercial items of that time. The word kuna was preserved in the Slavic languages almost until the 13th century in the meaning of money.
Monetary unit of Albania. There is a theory that the name lek comes from the abbreviation of the name of Alexander the Great, depicted on the first coins.
MITE
The name of a small token coin in Greece. Today 100 lepta = 1 drachma. The name goes back to the ancient Greek word mite, pl. hours, from leptos - easy.
LIVR
Monetary unit in France in the 9th-18th centuries. The name comes from the Latin word Libra - pound.
LIRA
Coin and monetary unit of Italy and some other countries. The name comes from the Latin word Libra - pound.
LUIDOR
French gold coin, the name comes from the portrait of King Louis (Louis) XIII depicted on the obverse. In French, Louis d'or, literally - Golden Louis.
MARK
Weight, monetary and monetary unit in many countries of Western Europe and Scandinavia. The German word Mark literally means sign.
MILREYS
Portuguese coin, and later the monetary unit of Brazil until 1942, in denominations of 1000 reais (Portuguese mil - one thousand, reis - plural from real).
NAPOLEONDOR
The name of the French 20 franc gold coin minted by Napoleon I and later by Napoleon III, with a portrait of the emperor on the obverse. In French Napoleon d'or, literally - Golden Napoleon.
NOBLE
The name of a high-quality British gold coin, the issue of which began in 1344 under King Edward III. In English noble - noble.
OBOL
The name of a small monetary unit and coins minted in Greece until the middle of the 19th century.
The name goes back to the ancient Greek word obolos - skewer. Skewers have been used along with other small items as primitive money since ancient times.
PENGE
Monetary unit of Hungary in 1025-1946 The Hungarian word pengo literally means specie.
A PENNY
The name of a small English coin and a modern token coin of Great Britain and some other states. The name comes from the corresponding German pfennig.
PENNY
The plural form of the English word penny. In this case, the word pence is used to denote a multiple of the denomination, for example, two pence is a coin with a denomination of two pennies, in contrast to the expression two pennies, which is used to denote two coins with a denomination of 1 penny.
PESETA
The name of the coin and monetary unit of Spain. The Spanish word peseta literally means a small peso.
PESOS
The name of a number of coins of Spain and its colonies. The Spanish word peso literally means weight or coin, originally the name was used in the form of peso de a ocho - a coin with a denomination of eight (reals).
PIASTER
The name of the Spanish and Latin American peso, which was found in everyday life and various trade documents. The name comes, apparently, from the phrase piastra d'argento - a silver tile.
PFENNING
The name of a German small coin minted since the 10th century. The name comes from the Latin word pondus - weight.
RUBLE
The monetary unit of Russia and Belarus, the Russian name for the monetary hryvnia, parts (stumps) of silver ingots.
Hence the name - from the verb to cut.
CENTIME
The name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of a franc. The name comes from the Latin centum, one hundred.
SANTIMO
CENTIMO
The name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of the national currency in a number of Spanish-speaking countries.
The etymology of the name is the same as that of the santim.
CENTAVO
The name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of the national currency in a number of Portuguese-speaking countries.
The etymology of the name is the same as that of the santim.
SUCR
The monetary unit of Ecuador is named after Antonio José de Sucre, a fighter for the independence of the Spanish colonies in America.
THALER
The name of this coin, perhaps the most common in Europe, comes from the word Joahimstaler, i.e. coin minted in the city of Joachimsthal in the Czech Republic. This name then spread to all coins of a similar type, regardless of the place and date of their minting.
FARTHING
English and Irish coin. Existed before the introduction of the decimal monetary system. The name comes from the Old English word feorthung - a quarter.
FILLER
Small coin of Hungary, the Hungarian version of the name of the coin heller.
FLORIN
High quality Italian gold coin, first minted in 1252 in Florence. The name comes from the Italian word flos - lily. The lily was the symbol of the city of Florence.
FORINT
The Hungarian name for the Italian coin florin and the monetary unit of Hungary since 1946.
FRANC
Gold and silver French coin, the monetary unit of modern France and some other countries of the world. The name of the coins comes from the Latin inscriptions on the first coins Francorum rex - King of the Franks.
GBP)
Monetary unit of Great Britain. The name comes from the semantic meaning of the monetary unit, equal in value to a pound of coins, denominated in sterling (penny).
CENT
The name of a bargaining chip equal to 1/100 of the national currency (usually the dollar) in a number of countries.
The etymology of the name is the same as that of the santim.
CENTESIMO
The name of the Italian small coin, equal to 1/100 of the lira. The etymology of the name is the same as that of the santim.
CHERVONETS
The name that was originally given in Russia to foreign high-grade coins (made of pure gold). Then Russia began issuing its own gold coins and the name chervonets was transferred to them.
SHEKEL
Monetary unit in ancient Judea and modern Israel. The name comes from the Semitic word saqal - to weigh.
SHILLING
The name of the coin and currency of a number of countries. Known in Europe since the Middle Ages. The name comes from the name of the ancient Roman coin solidus.
Antique French gold coin. The name of the coin comes from the French word ecu - shield.
ESCUDO
The name of the Spanish and Portuguese gold coins, as well as the modern monetary unit of Portugal and some other countries. The name comes from the Spanish word escudo - shield.
